Donald R. Barnard

Research Entomologist

Telephone: (352)374-5930
Fax: (352)374-5870
Email: don.barnard@ars.usda.gov
http://www.ars.usda.gov/saa/cmave/mfru/dbarnard

CV Links
Research Specialties | Education | Experience
Memberships | Office/Committee Assignments
Honors/Awards | Accomplishments
Invitations | Publications

Research Specialties

Population ecology and management of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance.

Education

Research Experience

Membership in Professional Societies

• American Mosquito Control Association
• American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
• Entomological Society of America
• International Society of Travel Medicine
• Society for Vector Ecology

Scientific Office and Committee Assignments

• Student Research Paper Award Committee, SWBESA, 1984-1986.
• Editorial Board, Journal of Medical Entomology, 1986-1989.
• ESA ad hoc Misc. Pubs/Thomas Say Foundation Monographs committee, 1990.
• Chairman, Editorial Board, Journal of Medical Entomology, 1990.
• Editorial Board AMCA Bulletin No 5, 1989-1992
• Chairman Scientific and Regulatory Liaison Committee, AMCA, 1991-1993.
• Chairman, ESA Committee on Travel Grants, 1990-1995.
• Co-editor, Florida Mosquito Control Whitepaper, University of Florida, 1998.
• Florida Mosquito Control Association Research Advisory Committee, 1992-2000
• Editorial Board, Journal of Vector Ecology 1987-2001.
• Editor, Journal of Medical Entomology, 1999-2002
• Member, Florida Coordinating Council for Mosquito Control, 1992-2004.
• Chairman, FCCMC Subcommittee on Aerial Spray, 1998-2000.
• Editorial Board, Encyclopedia of Entomology (Ed.: J. Capinera), Kluwer, 2004.
• Technical Advisor/Consultant: APHIS-OPMP; CDC; DOD-DLA; DOD-AFPMB; DOD-ACE; FAMU; FLDOH; FLDACS; IAEA; IL-SOB; NIH; NSF; UF-IFAS; USDA-SBIR; USI-BARD; USEPA; WHO/FAO; WHO/FAO/UNEP; WHOPES-GCDPP; Bharathiar University, India; Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station; Consumers Union; Unilever Research, USA; Fordham University, NY; Kenya Ministry of Agriculture; Somali Democratic Republic, Ministry of Agriculture; University of Agriculture, Pakistan; Veterinary Research Institute, University of Pretoria, University of the Orange Free State, Rhodes University, Republic of South Africa; Brazil Ministry of Health; Brazil Ministry of Science and Technology; Puerta del Cielo Foundation, Peru. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Wildlife Conservation Society-Bronx Zoo, NY. 1981-present.

Honors and Awards

• Sigma Phi Sigma, 1972.
• UCR Chancellor's Patent Fund, 1975.
• Robert E. Snodgrass Memorial Grant (ESA), 1978.
• USDA-ARS-SPA Nominee, Alan T. Waterman Award, 1982.
• NSF Block Travel Grant (ESA), $42,000, 1992.
• USDA-ARS, Mid-level Leadership Program, 1993-1995.
• Consumers Union: Efficacy of repellents against ticks and mosquitoes, $75,000, 1998-1999.
• WHOPES: Repellency of KBR-3023, IR3535, and para-menthane-1-8-diol to mosquitoes, $30,000. 1999-2000.
• ARS-HQ, TUPF: Surveillance systems for mosquito vectors of West Nile virus, $75,000, 2000-2001.
• Unilever Research, USA: New mosquito repellents. $95,000, 1999-2001.
• ARS Associate Administrator for Special Interagency Programs: Detection, identification, and control of mosquito vectors of exotic disease agents, $250,000, 2001-2003.
• ARS Administrators Research Associate Class of 2007, $100,000, 2008-2009.
• ARS-NPS: Surveillance systems for exotic mosquito vectors in USA seaports of entry. $30,000, 2007.

Selected Research Accomplishments

• I devised techniques to estimate ixodid tick density on beef cattle, to measure damage responses in cattle to tick infestation, and to identify damage and economic thresholds. I studied dispersion and diel activity in cattle and free-living tick populations to develop sampling methods for the latter and constructed a spatio-temporal model of cattle-tick contact that quantified the effects of host behavior on tick distribution.
• I combined understanding of interaction effects in temperature-driven developmental models for Musca domestica with new knowledge of nutrient availability in the manure medium to identify bionomic parameters that indicate efficiency in fly-based manure degradation systems.
• I published methods and techniques to identify, isolate, and mitigate error in mosquito repellent bioassays in the laboratory and field and for characterizing the effects of mosquito density, formulation, and repellent concentration on repellent activity.
• I am currently developing methods to estimate adult mosquito density in nature and techniques to enable the proper use of mosquito trapping data in GIS-based depictions of vector activity.

Invitations Last 5 Years

• Puerta del Cielo Foundation and Ministry of Health, Peru. 2005-present.
• Sixth International Congress of Dipterology. Fukuoka, Japan. 2006.
• International Conference on Biodiversity of Insects: Challenging Issues in Management and Conservation. Coimbatore, India. 2006.
• USEPA Human Studies Review Board. Washington, D.C. 2007.
• Vector Control Consultation, Global Health Program, BMGF. Seattle, WA. 2008.
• Second International Forum for Sustainable Management of Disease Vectors. Beijing, China. 2008.
• International Congress of Global Warming on Biodiversity of Insects: Management and Conservation. Coimbatore, India. 2009.
• WHOPES Consultation on Testing and Evaluation of Public Health Pesticides. Geneva, Switzerland. 2009.
• American Mosquito Control Association. New Orleans, LA. 2009.
• International Forum for Surveillance and Control of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-borne Diseases. Beijing, China. 2009.

Publications

Barnard, D. R. Skeletal muscular mechanisms of the larvae of Lucilia sericata in relation to feeding habit. Pan Pac. Entomol. 53: 223 229. 1972.

Mulla, M. S., Barnard, D. R. and Norland, R. L. Chironomid midges and their control in Spring Valley Lake, California. Mosq. News 35: 389 395. 1975.

Mulla, M. S., Kramer, W. L. and Barnard, D. R. Insect growth regulators for control of chironomid midges in residential recreational lakes. J. Econ. Entomol. 69: 285 291. 1976.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. Postaestival adult activity in Culiseta inornata: Relationship to presence of larvae and change in soil temperature. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Control Assoc., 45: 183 185. 1977.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. A sampling device for adult mosquitoes. Mosq. News 37: 140 142. 1977.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. Diel periodicity of blood feeding in the mosquito Culiseta inornata Mosq. News 37: 669 673. 1977.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. Temporal patterns of pupation and emergence in the mosquito Culiseta inornata Can. Entomol. 109: 1387 1392. 1977.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. Effects of photoperiod and temperature on blood feeding, oogenesis, and fat body development in the mosquito Culiseta inornata J. Insect Physiol. 23: 1261 1266. 1977.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. The ecology of Culiseta inornata in the Colorado Desert of California: Seasonal abundance, gonotrophic status, and oviparity of adult mosquitoes. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 71: 397 400. 1978.

Barnard, D. R. and Mulla, M. S. Seasonal variation of lipid content in the mosquito Culiseta inornata. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 71: 637 639. 1978.

Barnard, D. R. A vehicle mounted insect trap. Can. Entomol. 11: 851 854. 1979.

Barnard, D. R. and Jones, R. H. Diel and seasonal patterns of flight activity of Ceratopogonidae in northeastern Colorado: Culicoides Environ. Entomol. 9: 446 451. 1980.

Barnard, D. R. and Jones, R. H. Culicoides variipennis: Seasonal abundance, overwintering, and voltinism in northeastern Colorado. Environ. Entomol. 9: 709 712. 1980.

Barnard, D. R. Assessment of diel emergence in Culicoides variipennis Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73: 367 368. 1980.

Barnard, D. R. Effectiveness of light traps for assessing airborne Culicoides variipennis populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 73: 844 846. 1980.

Barnard, D. R. Seasonal activity and preferred attachment sites of Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in southeastern Oklahoma. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 54: 547 552. 1981.

Barnard, D. R., Jones, B. G., Rogers, G. D. and Mount, G. A. Acaricide susceptibility in the lone star tick: Assay techniques and baseline data. J. Econ. Entomol. 74: 466 469. 1981.

Barnard, D. R. and Jones, B. G. Field efficacy of acaricides for control of the lone star tick on cattle in southeastern Oklahoma. J. Econ. Entomol. 74: 558 560. 1981.

Barnard, D. R. Amblyomma americanum: Comparison of populations of ticks free living on pasture and parasitic on cattle. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74: 507 511. 1981.

Barnard, D. R., Jones, B. G. and Rogers, G. D. Sites of attachment of Amblyomma americanum to bovines. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 75: 222 223. 1981.

Barnard, D. R. Flight periodicity in Colorado biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pan Pac. Entomol. 58: 64 72. 1982.

Barnard, D. R. Growth in lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), feeding on cattle: a laboratory study. J. Med. Entomol. 19: 285 289. 1982.

Akey, D. H. and Barnard, D. R. Parity in airborne populations of the biting gnat Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in northeastern Colorado. Environ. Entomol. 12: 91 95. 1983.

Barnard, D. R., Rogers, G. D. and Jones, B. G. Strategic treatment of pastured beef cattle with acaricides: effect on populations of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 76: 99 102. 1983.

Barnard, D. R. and Morrison, R. D. Density estimators for populations of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) on pastured beef cattle. J. Med. Entomol. 22: 244 249. 1985.

Barnard, D. R. Injury thresholds and production loss functions for the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), on pastured preweaner Bos taurus beef cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 852 855. 1985.

Barnard, D.R and B. G. Jones. Apparatus for artificial infestation of pastured beef cattle with the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 500 502. 1985.

Barnard, D. R., Morrison, R. D., and Popham, T. W. Light and temperature sensitivity of feeding related and reproductive processes in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle. Environ. Entomol. 14: 479 485. 1985.

Barnard, D. R. 1986. Density perturbation in populations of Amblyomma americanum in beef cattle forage areas in response to two regimens of vegetation management. J. Econ. Entomol. 79: 122 127. 1986.

Barnard, D. R., Ervin, R. T., and Epplin, F. M. Production system based model for defining economic thresholds in preweaner beef cattle infested with the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 79: 141 143. 1986.

Ervin, R. T., Epplin, F. M., and Barnard, D. R. Estimates of costs inflicted by lone star ticks on calves in eastern Oklahoma. Current Farm Economics 58: 9 14. 1986.

Barnard, D. R. Aspects of the bovine host lone star tick interaction process in beef cattle forage areas. In: J. R. Sauer and J. A. Hair [eds.], Morphology, physiology, and behavioral biology of ticks, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 428 444. 1986 (book chapter).

Epplin, F. M., Ervin, R. T., Barnard, D. R., Byford, R. L., and Hair, J. A. Estimation of the influence of lone star ticks on weight gain of calves and stockers in eastern Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report P 884: 1 17. 1986 (technical report).

Barnard, D. R. Seasonal changes in feeding on cattle and reproduction by Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) under field conditions. J. Med. Entomol. 25: 20 25. 1987.

Barnard, D. R., Morrison, R. D., and Ervin, R. T. Sites of attachment and density assess-ment in Amblyomma americanum (L.), (Acari: Ixodidae) on nursing beef calves. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 6: 245-252. 1989.

Barnard, D. R. Habitat use by cattle affects host contact with lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 82: 854-859. 1989.

Barnard, D. R. Daily pickup rates of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae) by pastured beef cattle. Ann. Entomol. Soc Am. 82: 446-449. 1989.

Barnard, D. R. Female mediation of feeding time on cattle in adult lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 26: 372-374. 1989.

Barnard, D. R., Mount, G. A., Koch, H. G., Haile, D. G., and Garris, G. I. Management of lone star ticks in recreation areas. USDA Agricultural Handbook 682. 1989 (USDA handbook).

Bloemer, S. R., Mount, G. A., Morris, T. A., Zimmerman, R. H., Barnard, D. R., and Snoddy, E. L. Management of lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in recreational areas with acaricide applications, vegetative management, and exclusion of white-tailed deer. J. Med. Entomol. 27: 543-550. 1990.

Barnard, D. R. Cattle genotype alters reproduction in Amblyomma americanum. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 9: 105-109. 1990.

Barnard, D. R. Population growth rates for Amblyomma americanum on Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus x Bos taurus cattle. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 9: 259-265. 1991.

Barnard, D. R. Mechanisms of host-tick contact with special reference to Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in beef cattle forage areas. J. Med. Entomol. 28: 557-564. 1991.

Barnard, D. R. and Harms, R. H. Growth and survival of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in response to selected physical and chemical properties of poultry manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1213-1217. 1992.

Sloan, D. R, Nordstedt, R., Barnard, D. R., and Harms, R. H. Poultry manure nutrient balance and utilization. Florida Poultry Science 15: 66-69. 1992.

Barnard, D. R., Ervin, R. T., and Epplin, F. M. Bioeconomic impact of Amblyomma americanum in beef cattle production systems, pp. 55-69. In: B. H. Fivaz, T. N. Petney, I. G. Horak [eds], Tick Vector Biology. Medical and Veterinary Aspects. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1992 (book chapter).

Mount, G. A., Haile, D. G., Barnard, D. R., and Daniels, E. A new version of LSTSIM for computer simulation of Amblyomma americanum population dynamics. J. Med. Entomol. 30: 843-857. 1993.

Jensen, T., Kaiser, P. E., and Barnard, D. R. Short-term changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Species C (Diptera: Culicidae) in a central Florida swamp. J. Med. Entomol. 30: 1038-1042. 1993.

Barnard, D. R. and Geden, C. G. Influence of larval density and temperature in poultry manure on development of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Entomol. 22: 971-977. 1993.

Barnard, D. R., Mount, G. A., Haile, D. G., and Daniels, E. Integrated management strategies for Amblyomma americanum on pastured beef cattle. J. Med. Entomol. 31: 571-585. 1994.

Jensen, T., Willis, O. R., Fukuda, T., and Barnard, D. R. Comparison of bi-directional, Fay, omni-directional, CDC, and duplex cone traps for sampling adult Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in north Florida. J. Amer. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 10: 74-78. 1994.

Xue, R., T. Y. Zhao, and Barnard, D. R. Present and future of Aedes albopictus research. Chinese J. Vect. Biol. Control. 5: 392-398. 1994.

Jensen, T., Kaiser, P. E., and Barnard, D. R. Adaptation to intermittently flooded swamps by Anopheles quadrimaculatus species C1. Environ. Entomol. 23: 1150-1154. 1994.

Gerberg, E. J., Barnard, D. R., and Ward, R. A. Manual for Mosquito Rearing and Experimental Techniques. AMCA Bulletin Number 5: 1-98. 1994 (handbook).

Jensen, T., Kaiser, P. E., Fukuda, T., and Barnard, D. R. Collection of Anopheles perplexens from artificial containers and intermittently flooded swamps in northern Florida. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 11: 141-144. 1995.

Xue, R., Barnard, D. R., and Schreck, C. E. Effect of body size, parity, and age of Aedes albopictus on human host attack rates and the repellency of deet. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 11: 50-53. 1995

Barnard, D. R. Extraction of house fly larvae from poultry manure using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Florida Entomologist 78: 541-543. 1995.

Barnard, D. R., Harms, R. H., and Sloan, D. R. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium in poultry manure on survival, growth, and reproduction in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Entomol. 24: 1297-1301. 1995.

Xue, R. and D. R. Barnard. Human host avidity of Aedes albopictus in relation to body size, age, oviparity, and the testing of repellents. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 12: 58-63. 1996.

Barnard, D. R. Economic losses to beef cattle and integrated management strategies. Chinese J. Pest Control 12: 8-11. 1996.

Jensen, T., A. F. Cockburn, P. E. Kaiser, and D. R. Barnard. Human blood feeding rates among sympatric sibling species of Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes in northern Florida. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54: 523-525. 1996.

Fukuda, T., Willis, O. R., and Barnard, D. R. Parasites and pathogens of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and other container inhabiting mosquitoes in north-central Florida. J. Med. Entomol. 34: 226-233. 1997.

Sloan, D. R., Harms, R. H., Barnard, D. R., and Nordstedt, R. Effect of varying dietary protein, calcium, and phosphorus on feces composition and the implications on environmental quality. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 4: 379-383. 1997.

Xue, R. and D. R. Barnard. Diel patterns of pupation, emergence, and oviposition in a laboratory population of Aedes albopictus. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 13: 205-207. 1997.

Jensen, T, Cockburn, A. F., and Barnard, D. R. Tale of two species: the interdependence of molecular genetic and biological studies for characterizing members of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Anopheles crucians complex. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Control Assoc., 65: 33-34. 1997.

Barnard, D. R. Mediation of deet repellency in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) by species, age, and parity. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 340-343. 1998.

Barnard, D. R., Posey, K. H., Smith, D, and C. E. Schreck. Mosquito density, biting rate and cage size effects on repellent tests. Med. Vet. Entomol. 12: 39-45. 1998.

Posey, K. H., Barnard, D. R., and C. E. Schreck. Triple cage olfactometer for evaluating mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) attraction responses. J. Med. Entomol. 35: 330-334. 1998.

Barnard, D. R., Harms, R. H., and Sloan, D. R.. Biodegradation of poultry manure by house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Entomol. 27: 600-605. 1998.

Barnard, D. R. Arthropod-related occupational health problems. In: Stellman, J. M. ed. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th ed. Geneva, International Labour Office; p. 70.9 (Myers, M. L., ed., Livestock Rearing; Chap. 70). 1998 (book chapter).

Myers, M. L. and Barnard, D. R. Bee-keeping, insect rearing and silk production. In: Stellman, J. M. ed. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th ed. Geneva, International Labour Office; p. 70.34 (Myers, M. L., ed., Livestock Rearing; Chap. 70). 1998 (book chapter).

Jensen, T, Carlson, D. A., and Barnard, D. R. Hatching induction of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Species C1 eggs by a factor from intermittently flooded swamps. Environ. Entomol. 28: 545-550. 1999.

Xue, R. and Barnard, D. R. Effect of sugar availability and partial blood engorgement of Aedes albopictus in repellent tests. J. Vector Ecol. 24: 111-114. 1999.

Mount, G. A., Haile, D. G., Barnard, D. R., and Daniels, E. Integrated management strategies for Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in non-agricultural areas. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 23: 827-839. 1999.

Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes. J. Med. Entomol. 36: 625-629. 1999.

Bernier, U. R., Kline, D. L., Barnard, D. R., Schreck, C. E., and Yost R. A. Analysis of Human Skin Emanations by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. 2. Identification of Volatile Compounds that are Candidate Attractants for the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Anal. Chem. 72:747-756. 2000.

Xue, R. D. Barnard, D. R., and Ali, A. Laboratory toxicity of three mosquito oviposition repellents to six nontarget aquatic invertebrates. Environ. Entomol. 29: 437-441. 2000.

Barnard, D. R. Repellents and toxicants for personal protection: a WHO Position Paper. World Health Organization, CDC, WHOPES, GCDPP-2000.5. 2000.

Xue, R. D., Barnard, D. R., and Ali, A. Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as oviposition deterrents against the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 15: 126-131. 2001.

Xue, R. D, Barnard, D. R., and Ali. A. Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as larvicides against the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Anopheles albimanus. Med. Vet. Entomol. 15: 126-131. 2001.

Bernier, U. R., Kline, D. L., Barnard, D. R., Posey, K. H., Booth, M. M., and Yost, R. A. Chemical composition that attract arthropods. U.S. Patent 6,267,953. 2001.

Geden, C. J., Arends, J. J., Axtell, R. C., Barnard, D. R., Gaydon, D. M., Hickle, L. A., Hogsette, J. A., Jones, W. F., Mullens, B. A., Nolan, M. P., Jr., Nolan, N. P. III, Petersen, J. J., Shepard, D. C. Research and extension needs for poultry IPM. In: Geden, C.J. and Hogsette, J.A. (eds.). Research and Extension Needs for Integrated Management Programs for Livestock and Poultry. 2001 (technical report).

Barnard, D. R., Bernier, U. R., Posey, K. H., and Xue, R. D. Repellency of IR3535, KBR3023, and p-menthane-3,8,-diol to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Everglades National Park, USA . J. Med. Entomol. 39: 895-899. 2002.

Bernier, U. R., Kline, D. L., Barnard, D. R., Schreck, C. E., and Yost, R. A. Chemical analysis of human skin emanations: comparison of volatiles from humans that differ in attraction of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18: 186-195. 2002.

Bernier, U. R., Kline, D. L., Posey, K. H., Booth, M. M., Yost, R. A., and Barnard, D. R. Synergistic attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to binary blends of l-lactic acid and acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulphide. J. Med. Entomol. 40: 653-656. 2003.

Barnard, D. R. West Nile disease and its control. Pesticide Outlook 14 (2): 76-79. 2003.

Kline, D. L, Bernier, U. R., Posey, K. H., and Barnard, D. R. An olfactometer evaluation of candidate compounds as inhibitors of Aedes aegypti host seeking behavior. J. Med. Entomol. 40: 463-467. 2003.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., and Barnard, D. R. Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of sixteen insect repellents in aerosol sprays to adult mosquitoes. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 19: 271-274. 2003.

Xue, R. D., and Barnard, D. R. Boric acid baits kill adult mosquitoes. J. Econ. Entomol 96: 1559-1562. 2003.

Xue, R. D., Barnard, D. R., and Ali, A. Laboratory evaluation of eighteen repellent compounds as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus and as larvicides of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. J. Amer. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 19: 397-403. 2003.

Barnard, D. R. Control of fly-borne diseases. Pesticide Outlook 14: 222-228. 2003.

Barnard, D. R., and R. D. Xue. Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol., 41: 726-730. 2004.

Bernier, U. R., Barnard, D. R., Booth, M. M., Kline, D. L., Posey, K. H., and Yost, R.A. Chemical composition that attract arthropods. U. S. Patent 6,800,279. 2004.

Barnard, D. R. Biological assay methods for mosquito repellents. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc., 21: 12-16. 2005.

Bernier, U. R., Furman, K., Kline, D. L., Allan, S. A., and Barnard, D. R. Comparison of contact and spatial repellency of catnip oil and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) against mosquitoes. J. Med. Entomol., 42: 306-311. 2005.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., and Barnard, D. R. Effects of forced egg-retention in Aedes albopictus on survival and reproduction following application of deet as an ovipositional deterrent. J. Vect. Ecol., 30: 45-48. 2005.

Xue, R. D., and Barnard, D. R. Attraction, feeding, and repellency responses in mutant strains of Aedes aegypti. J. Mosq. Control. Assoc. Am., 21: 263-267. 2005.

Barnard, D. R. Review: Biology of disease vectors, 2nd Edition, Marquardt, et al., eds. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 293: 2941-2942. 2005 (book review).

Kline, D. L., Patnaude, M., Barnard, D. R. Efficacy of four trap types for detection and monitoring of Culex species in north central Florida. J. Med. Entomol., 43: 1121-1128. 2006.

Welch, C. H., Kline, D. L., Allan, S. A., and Barnard, D. R. Laboratory evaluation of a dyed food marking technique for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 22: 626-628. 2006.

Linthicum, K.L., Allan, S.A., Barnard, D.R., Becnel, J.J., Bernier, U.R.,Carlson, D.A., Clark, G.G., Geden, C.J., Hogsette, J.A., and Kline, D.L. The USDA Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology: Developing New Mosquito Surveillance and Control Products, Calif. Mosq. Vect. Control Assoc., 74: 83-6. 2006.

Xue, R. D., Kline, D. L., and Barnard, D. R. Application of boric acid baits to plant foliage for mosquito control. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 23: 497-500. 2006.

Ali, A., Xue, R. D., and Barnard, D. R. Effects of sublethal exposure of boric acid sugar bait on adult survival, host-seeking, and blood feeding behavior and reproduction of Stegomyia albopicta (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 23: 464-468. 2007.

Xue, R. D., Barnard, D. R., and Ali, A. Laboratory evaluation of 21 insect repellents as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 22: 126-130. 2007.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., Crainich, V., and Barnard, D. R. Oviposition deterrence and larvicidal activity of three formulations of piperidine repellent (AI3-37220) against field populations of Stegomyia albopicta. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 23: 283-287. 2007.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., and Barnard, D. R. Effects of in vivo exposure to deet on blood feeding behavior and fecundity in Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp. Parasitol. 116: 201-204. 2007.

Bernier, U. R., Kline, D. L., Allan, S. A., and Barnard, D. R. Laboratory comparison of Aedes aegypti (L.) attraction to human odors and to synthetic human odor compounds and blends. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 23: 288-293. 2007.

Linthicum, K. J., Anyamba, A., Britch, S., Chretien, J.-P., Erickson, R. L., Small, J., Tucker, C. J., Bennett, K. E., Mayer, R. T., Schmidtmann, E. T., Andreadis, T. G., Anderson, J. F., Wilson, W. C., Freier, J. E., James, A. M., Miller, R. S., Drolet, B. S., Miller, S. N., Tedrow, C. A., Bailey, C. L., Strickman, D. A., Barnard, D. R., Clark, G. G., and Zoou, L. A Rift Valley fever risk surveillance system for Africa using remotely sensed data: potential for use on other continents. Vet. Ital., 43: 663-674. 2007.

Barnard, D. R., Xue, R. D., Rotstein, M., Becnel, J. J., and Posey, K. H. Microsporidiosis (Microspora: Culicosporidae) in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) affects host attraction, blood feeding responses, and the repellency of deet. J. Med. Entomol., 44: 1040-1046. 2007.

Barnard, D. R.. Bernier, U. R., Xue, R. D., and Debboun, M. Standard methods for testing mosquito repellents, pp. 103-110. In: Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods, and Use, Debboun, M., et al., eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2007 (book chapter).

Barnard, D. R. and Xue, R. D. Biometrics and behavior in mosquito repellent assays, pp. 111-124. In: Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods, and Use, Debboun, M., et al., eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2007 (book chapter).

Welch, C. L., Kline, D. L., Allan, S. A., and Barnard, D. R. Field evaluation of a dyed food marking technique for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 22: 626-628. 2008.

Bernier, U., Allan, S., Quinn, B., Kline, D., Barnard, D., and Clark, G. Identification of compounds in solvent extracts from white leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) as candidate attractants of ornithophilic mosquito species. J. Sep. Sci. 31: 1092-1099. 2008.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., and Barnard, D. R. Host species diversity and post-blood feeding carbohydrate availability enhance survival of females and fecundity in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Exp. Parasitol. 119: 225-228. 2008

Brown, H., Paladini, M., Kline, D., Barnard, D., and Fish, D. Effectiveness of mosquito traps in measuring species abundance and composition. J. Med. Entomol. 45: 517-521. 2008.

Xue, R. D., Ali, A., and Barnard, D. R. Field evaluation of boric acid and fipronil bait stations against mosquitoes. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 24: 415-418. 2008.