Table 2. Analytical methods used to measure the carbon system parameters

No.

Cruise name

Period

Dissolved inorganic carbon

Total alkalinity^a

CO₂ fugacity

pH

1

A21/A12

1/23/90-3/8/90

Coulometer

-

Gas chromatography^b

-

2

A09

2/10/91-3/23/91

SOMMA^c

Full^d

-

-

3

A16S

7/11/91-9/2/91

SOMMA

Full

Infrared analysis^e

-

4

A01E

9/2/91-9/26/91

SOMMA

Full

-

-

5

A12B

5/21/92-8/5/92

Coulometer

-

-

-

6

A05

7/15/92-7/23/92

Calculated

1-point

-

Electrode

7

A10

12/27/92-1/31/93

SOMMA

Full

-

-

8

A11

12/22/92-2/1/93

-

-

-

-

9

A07

1/2/93-1/10/93

Gas chromatography

-

Gas chromatography

Electrode

10

A06

1/2/93-3/19/93

Gas chromatography

-

Gas chromatography

Electrode

11

A16N

7/4/93-8/30/93

SOMMA

Full

Infrared analysis^e

Spectrophotometric

12

A17

1/4/94-3/22/94

SOMMA

1-point

-

Potentiometric^f

13

A15

4/3/94-5/21/94

SOMMA

Full

-

-

14

A08

3/29/94-5/11/94

SOMMA

-

Gas chromatography^g

-

15

A13

2/20/95-3/2/95

SOMMA

1-point

-

-

16

A14

1/12/95-2/16/95

SOMMA

1-point

-

Potentiometric

17

A23

3/20/95-5/6/95

Coulometer

-

Gas chromatography^h

-

18

A01W

6/95-7/95

Coulometer

Full

-

-

19

A12BR

3/17/96-5/20/96

Coulometer

-

-

-

20

A02

6/11/97-7/3/97

SOMMA

Full

-

-

21

A20

7/17/97-8/10/97

SOMMA

Full

-

Electrode

22

A22

8/15/97-9/3/97

SOMMA

Full

-

Electrode

23

A24

8/15/97-9/3/97

SOMMA

Full

-

Electrode

24

A05R

1/24/98-2/23/98

SOMMA

Full

Gas chromatography^g

Spectrophotometric

25

A01WR

6/22/98-7/8/98

Coulometer

Full

-

Electrode

^aDetermined by potentiometric titration, either a full curve ("Full") or a single-point ("1-point") titration.

^b500-mL samples, analysis by gas chromatography. (Chipman, D. W., J. Marra, and T. Takahashi. Primary production at 47° N and 20° W in the North Atlantic Ocean: A comparison between the ¹⁴C incubation method and mixed layer carbon budget observations. Deep-Sea Research II 40, 151-69, 1993.)

^cSingle-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer.

^dAnalyzed shoreside.

^e500-mL samples, infrared analysis. [Wanninkhof, R., and K. Thoning. Measurement of fugacity of CO₂ in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Mar. Chem. 44 (2-4), 189-205, 1993.]

^fA17C only.

^g60- or 120-mL samples, analysis by gas chromatography. (Neill, C., K. M. Johnson, E. Lewis, and D. W. R. Wallace. Small volume, batch equilibration measurement of fCO₂ in discrete water samples. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1774-83, 1997.)

^hMeasured at 4°C.