WAIS Document Retrieval[Style Manual]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access]
[DOCID:chapter_txt-17]
[Page 225-242]
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17. USEFUL TABLES
GEOLOGIC TERMS
[With suggestions by the U.S. Geological Survey]
For capitalization, compounding, and use of quotations in geologic
terms, copy is to be followed. The list below exemplifies common usage
of both rock and time terms. The term red beds has been used to
designate certain rocks of mixed lithologic character that are
predominantly red; as a unit modifier the use should beP red-bed.
The terms lower, middle, and upper (referring to rocks) are
capitalized only as indicated in the list (Upper Devonian, lower
Tertiary, lower Paleozoic); similarly, the terms early, middle, and late
(referring to time) are capitalized only as indicated.
A formal geologic term is capitalized: Devonian System, Pliocene
Series, San Rafael Group, Morrison Formation, Fayetteville Shale,
Wedington Sandstone Member, Wisconsin Glaciation, Tazewell Stade.
(Geologic terms quoted verbatim from published material should be left
as the original author used them; however, it should be made clear that
the usage is that of the original author.)
A structural term such as arch, anticline, syncline, dome, uplift, or
basin is not capitalized even if preceded by a name: Cincinnati arch,
Cedar Creek anticline, Ozark uplift, Michigan basin. (A physiographic
term that is preceded by a name is capitalized: Bighorn Basin, Half
Dome.)
Alexandrian
Animikie
Atoka
Belt
Cambrian:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Carboniferous
Systems
Cayuga
Cenozoic
Cincinnatian
Chester
Coahuila
Comanche
Cretaceous:
Upper, Late
Lower, Early
Des Moines
Devonian:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Eocene:
upper, late
middle, middle
lower, early
glacial:
interglacial
postglacial
preglacial
Glenarm
Grand Canyon
Grenville
Guadalupe
Gulf
Gunnison River
Holocene
Jurassic:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Keweenawan
Kinderhook
Leonard
Little Willow
Llano
Meramec
Mesozoic:
pre-Mesozoic
post-Mesozoic
Miocene:
upper, late
middle, middle
lower, early
Mississippian:
Upper, Late
Lower, Early
Missouri
Mohawkian
Morrow
Niagara
Ochoa
Ocoee
Oligocene:
upper, late
middle, middle
lower, early
Osage
Ordovician:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Pahrump
Paleocene:
upper, late
middle, middle
lower, early
Paleozoic
Pennsylvanian:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Permian:
Upper, Late
Lower, Early
Pleistocene
Pliocene:
upper, late
middle, middle
lower, early
Precambrian:
upper
middle
lower
Quaternary
red beds
Shasta
Silurian:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
St. Croixan
Tertiary
Triassic:
Upper, Late
Middle, Middle
Lower, Early
Virgil
Wolfcamp
Yavapai
PHYSIOGRAPHIC TERMS
[With suggestions by the U.S. Geological Survey]
The following table lists physical divisions of the United States
approved by the Association of American Geographers and should be used
as a guide to capitalization. The general terms province and section,
used in the common-noun sense, are not capitalized; the other terms are
proper names and are therefore capitalized.
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PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Major division Province Section
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laurentian Upland.......................... Superior Upland...........................
Atlantic Plain............................. Continental Shelf.........................
Coastal Plain............................. Embayed Section.
Sea Island Section.
Floridian Section.
East Gulf Coastal
Plain.
Mississippi Alluvial
Plain.
West Gulf Coastal
Plain.
Appalachian Highlands...................... Piedmont Province......................... Piedmont Upland.
Piedmont Lowland.
Blue Ridge Province....................... Northern; Southern
Section.
Valley and Ridge Province................. Tennessee Section.
Middle Section.
Hudson Valley.
St. Lawrence Valley....................... Champlain Section.
Northern Section.
Appalachian Plateaus...................... Mohawk Section.
Catskill Section.
Southern New York
Section.
Allegheny Mountain
Section.
Kanawha Section.
Cumberland Plateau.
Cumberland Mountain
Section.
New England Province...................... Seaboard Lowland.
New England Upland.
White Mountain Section.
Green Mountain Section.
Taconic Section.
Adirondack Province.......................
Interior Plains............................ Interior Low Plateaus..................... Highland Rim.
Lexington Plain.
Nashville Basin.
Central Lowland........................... Eastern lake Section.
Western lake Section.
Wisconsin Driftless
Section.
Till Plains.
Dissected Till Plains.
Osage Plains.
Great Plains.............................. Missouri Plateau,
glaciated.
Missouri Plateau,
unglaciated.
Black Hills.
High Plains.
Plains Border.
Colorado Piedmont.
Raton Section.
Pecos Valley.
Edwards Plateau.
Central Texas Section.
Interior Highlands......................... Ozark Plateaus............................ Springfield-Salem
Plateaus.
Boston ``Mountains.''
Ouachita Province......................... Arkansas Valley.
Ouachita Mountains.
Rocky Mountain System...................... Southern Rocky Mountain...................
Wyoming Basin.............................
Middle Rocky Mountains....................
Northern Rocky Mountains..................
Intermontane Plateaus...................... Columbia Plateaus......................... Walla Walla Plateau.
Blue Mountain Section.
Payette Section.
Snake River Plain.
Harney Section.
Colorado Plateaus......................... High Plateaus of Utah.
Uinta Basin.
Canyon Lands.
Navajo Section.
Grand Canyon Section.
Datil Section.
Basin and Range Province.................. Great Basin.
Sonoran Desert.
Salton Trough.
Mexican Highland.
Sacramento Section.
Pacific Mountain System.................... Sierra-Cascade Mountains.................. Northern Cascade
Mountains.
Middle Cascade
Mountains.
Southern Cascade
Mountains.
Sierra Nevada.
Pacific Border Province................... Puget Trough.
Olympic Mountains.
Oregon Coast Range.
Klamath Mountains.
California Trough.
California Coast
Ranges.
Los Angeles Ranges.
Lower Californian Province................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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THE PRINCIPAL AND GUIDE MERIDIANS AND BASE LINES OF THE UNITED STATES
First, second, etc., standard parallel.
First, second, etc., guide meridian.
First, second, etc., principal meridian.
Auxiliary (first, second, etc.) meridian.
Ashley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Beaverhead Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Belt Mountain Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Big Hole Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Bitterroot Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Black Hills base line. (South Dakota)
Black Hills Guide Meridian. (South Dakota)
Boise Meridian. (Idaho)
Boulder Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Browning Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Buffalo Creek Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Carson River Guide Meridian. (Nevada)
Castle Valley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Chickasaw Meridian. (Mississippi)
Choctaw base line. (Mississippi)
Choctaw Meridian. (Mississippi)
Cimarron Meridian. (Oklahoma)
Colorado Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Columbia Guide Meridian. (Washington)
Colville Guide Meridian. (Washington)
Copper River Meridian. (Alaska)
Coulson Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Deer Lodge Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Deschutes Meridian. (Oregon)
Emery Valley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Fairbanks Meridian. (Alaska)
Flathead Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Fort Belknap Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Fremont Valley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Gila and Salt River Meridian. (Arizona)
Grand River Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Grande Ronde Guide Meridian. (Oregon)
Green River Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Haystack Butte Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Helena Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Henry Mountain Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Horse Plains Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Humboldt Meridian. (California)
Humboldt River Guide Meridian. (Nevada)
Huntsville Meridian. (Alabama-Mississippi)
Indian Meridian. (Oklahoma)
Jefferson Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Judith Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Kanab Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Kolob Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Little Porcupine Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Louisiana Meridian. (Louisiana)
Maginnis Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Michigan Meridian. (Michigan-Ohio)
Mount Diablo base line. (California-
Nevada)
Mount Diablo Meridian. (California-Nevada)
Musselshell Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Navajo base line. (Arizona-New Mexico)
Navajo Meridian. (Arizona-New Mexico)
New Mexico Guide Meridian. (New Mexico-
Colorado)
New Mexico Principal Meridian. (New
Mexico-Colorado)
Panguitch Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Passamari Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Pine Valley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Principal Meridian. (Montana)
Red Rock Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Reese River Guide Meridian. (Nevada)
Ruby Valley Guide Meridian. (Nevada)
St. Helena Meridian. (Louisiana)
St. Stephens base line. (Alabama-
Mississippi)
St. Stephens Meridian. (Alabama-
Mississippi)
Salt Lake Meridian. (Utah)
San Bernardino base line. (California)
San Bernardino Meridian. (California)
Sevier Lake Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Seward Meridian. (Alaska)
Shields River Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Smith River Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Snake Valley Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Square Butte Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Sweet Grass Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Tallahassee Meridian. (Florida)
Teton Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Uinta Special Meridian. (Utah)
Ute Principal Meridian. (Colorado)
Valley Creek Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Wah Wah Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Washington Meridian. (Mississippi)
Willamette Meridian. (Oregon-Washington)
Willow Springs Guide Meridian. (Utah)
Wind River Meridian. (Wyoming)
Yantic Guide Meridian. (Montana)
Yellowstone Guide Meridian. (Montana)
[[Page 228]]
PRINCIPAL FOREIGN COUNTRIES, TITLES OF CHIEFS OF STATE, NAMES OF LEGISLATIVE BODIES, ETC., AS OF DECEMBER 2, 1998
[With suggestions by the Department of State and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Chief of state Legislative body Form of government Capital
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afghanistan...................... King........................... Revolutionary Democratic Republic............ Kabul (Kabul).
Council; Council
of Ministers.
Albania.......................... President of the Presidium..... People's Assembly People's Republic.............. Tirana (Tirane).
(unicameral).
Algeria.......................... President...................... National Assembly Republic....................... Algiers.
(suspended).
Andorra.......................... Bishop of Urgel (Spain). General Council of Coprincipality................. Andorra la Vella.
President of the French the Valleys
Republic. (unicameral).
Angola........................... President...................... National Assembly People's Republic.............. Luanda.
(planned).
Antigua and Barbuda.............. Queen (represented by Governor Parliament........ Parliamentary State............ Saint John's.
General).
Argentina........................ President...................... National Congress: Republic....................... Buenos Aires.
Senate, Chamber
of Deputies
(dissolved).
Armenia.......................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Yerevan.
(unicameral).
Australia........................ Queen (represented by Governor Federal Commonwealth................... Canberra.
General). Parliament:
Senate, House of
Representatives.
Austria.......................... President...................... Parliament: Federal Republic............... Vienna (Wien).
Federal Council
(Bundesrat),
National Council
(Nationalrat).
Azerbaijan....................... ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Yerevan.
(unicameral).
Bahamas, The..................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament: Commonwealth................... Nassau.
General). Senate, House of
Assembly.
Bahrain.......................... King........................... None.............. Traditional Monarchy........... Manama.
Bangladesh....................... President...................... Constituent Republic....................... Dhaka.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Barbados......................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Bridgetown.
General). Senate, House of
Assembly.
Belarus.......................... President...................... Supreme Soviet- Republic....................... Minsk.
parliament
(unicameral).
Belgium.......................... King........................... Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy........ Brussels (Bruxelles, Brussel).
Senate, Chamber
of
Representatives.
Belize........................... Queen (represented by Governor National Assembly: Parliamentary State............ Belmopan.
General). Senate, House of
Representatives.
Benin............................ President...................... National Military (Revolutionary Porto-Novo.
Revolutionary Assembly).
Assembly.
Bhutan........................... King........................... National Assembly Monarchy....................... Thimphu.
(unicameral).
Bolivia.......................... President...................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... La Paz (administrative).
Chamber of Sucre (legislative/judiciary).
Deputies.
Bosnia and Herzegovina........... Chairman of the Presidency..... Parliamentary Emerging Democracy............. Sarajevo.
Assembly.
Botswana......................... President...................... National Assembly Republic....................... Gaborone.
(unicameral).
Brazil........................... ......do....................... Congress: Senate, Federative Republic............ Brasilia.
Chamber of
Deputies.
Brunei........................... Sultan......................... None.............. Sultanate...................... Bandar Seri Begawan.
Bulgaria......................... President of the Presidium..... National Assembly People's Republic.............. Sofia (Sofiya).
(unicameral).
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)....... President...................... ......do.......... Republic....................... Ouagadougou.
Burma............................ ......do....................... People's Assembly Socialist Republic............. Rangoon (Yangon).
(unicameral).
Burundi.......................... ......do....................... None.............. Republic....................... Bujumbura.
Cambodia......................... King........................... .................. Monarchy....................... Phnom Penh.
Cameroon......................... President...................... National Assembly Republic....................... Yaounde.
(unicameral).
Canada........................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Ottawa.
General). Senate, House of
Commons.
Cape Verde....................... President...................... National Assembly Republic....................... Praia.
(unicameral).
Central African Republic......... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Bangui.
(unicameral)
(dissolved).
Ceylon (see Sri Lanka).
Chad............................. ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... N'Djamena.
(dissolved).
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Chile............................ President...................... National Congress Republic....................... Santiago.
(dissolved).
China............................ Chairman, National People's National People's People's Republic.............. Beijing.
Congress. Congress.
Colombia......................... President...................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Bogota.
House of
Representatives.
Comoros.......................... ......do....................... None.............. ......do....................... Moroni.
Congo (Brazzaville).............. ......do....................... Council of State.. ......do....................... Brazzaville.
Congo (Kinshasa)................. ......do....................... Legislative Democratic Republic............ Kinshasa.
Council
(unicameral).
Costa Rica....................... ......do....................... Legislative People's Republic.............. San Jose.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Cote d'Ivoire.................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Yamoussoukro.
(unicameral).
Croatia.......................... ......do....................... Assembly.......... Democracy...................... Zagreb.
Cuba............................. ......do....................... National Assembly Socialist Republic............. Havana (La Habana).
of People's Power.
Cyprus........................... ......do....................... House of Republic....................... Nicosia.
Representatives
(unicameral).
Czech Republic................... ......do....................... Federal Assembly: Socialist Republic............. Prague.
Chamber of the
People, Chamber
of the Nations.
Denmark.......................... King........................... Parliament........ Constitutional Monarchy........ Copenhagen.
Djibouti......................... President...................... Parliament: Republic....................... Djibouti.
Chamber of
Deputies
(unicameral).
Dominica......................... ......do....................... House of Assembly Commonwealth................... Roseau.
(unicameral).
Dominican Republic............... ......do....................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Santo Domingo.
Chamber of
Deputies.
Ecuador.......................... ......do....................... National Congress ......do....................... Quito.
(unicameral).
Egypt............................ ......do....................... People's Assembly ......do....................... Cairo.
(unicameral).
El Salvador...................... ......do....................... Constituent ......do....................... San Salvador.
Assembly.
Equatorial Guinea................ ......do....................... Legislature ......do....................... Malabo.
(suspended).
Eritrea.......................... ......do....................... National Assembly. Transition..................... Asmara.
Estonia.......................... ............................... .................. Republic....................... Tallinn.
Ethiopia......................... Head of State.................. Parliament Military....................... Addis Ababa.
(dissolved).
Fiji............................. Queen (represented by Governor- Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Suva.
General). Senate, House of
Representatives.
Finland.......................... President...................... Parliament Republic....................... Helsinki.
(Eduskunta)
(unicameral).
France........................... ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... Paris.
Senate, National
Assembly.
Gabon............................ ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Libreville.
(unicameral).
Gambia, The...................... ......do....................... House of ......do....................... Banjul.
Representatives
(unicameral).
Georgia.......................... ......do....................... Parliament Republic....................... T'bilisi.
(unicameral).
Germany.......................... Chairman, Council of State..... Parliament: Federal Republic............... Berlin.
Federal Council
(Bundesrat),
Federal Assembly
(Bundestag).
Ghana............................ President (suspended).......... Parliament Republic....................... Accra.
(unicameral).
Greece........................... President...................... Parliament (Vouli) Parliamentary Republic......... Athens.
(unicameral)
(suspended).
Grenada.......................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament Commonwealth................... Saint George's.
General). (suspended).
Guatemala........................ President...................... Congress Republic....................... Guatemala.
(unicameral).
Guinea........................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Conakry.
(unicameral).
Guinea-Bissau.................... ......do....................... National People's ......do....................... Bissau.
Assembly
(dissolved).
Guyana........................... ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... Georgetown.
National Assembly
(unicameral).
Haiti............................ ......do....................... Legislative ......do....................... Port-au-Prince.
Chamber
(unicameral).
Holy See......................... Pope........................... None.............. Papacy......................... Vatican City.
Honduras......................... President...................... Congress Republic....................... Tegucigalpa.
(unicameral).
Hungary.......................... President of the Presidential National Assembly People's Republic.............. Budapest.
Council. (unicameral).
Iceland.......................... President...................... Parliament Republic....................... Reykjavik.
(Althing): Upper
Chamber (Efi
Deild), Lower
Chamber (Neore
Deild).
India............................ ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... New Delhi.
Council of States
(Rajya Sabha),
House of the
People (Lok
Sabha).
Indonesia........................ ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... Jakarta.
People's
Consultative
Assembly.
Iran............................. ......do....................... Parliament Islamic Republic............... Tehran.
(Majlis)
(unicameral).
[[Page 230]]
Iraq............................. President...................... Revolutionary Republic....................... Baghdad.
Command Council.
Ireland.......................... ......do....................... National ......do....................... Dublin.
Parliament
(Oireachtas):
Senate (Seaned
Eireann), House
of
Representatives
(Dail Eireann).
Israel........................... ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... (\1\).
(Knesset)
(unicameral).
Italy............................ ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... Rome.
Senate, Chamber
of Deputies.
Jamaica.......................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Kingston.
General). Senate, House of
Representatives.
Japan............................ Emperor........................ Diet: House of Constitutional Monarchy........ Tokyo.
Councillors,
House of
Representatives.
Jordan........................... King........................... National ............................... Amman.
Assembly: Senate,
Chamber of
Deputies.
Kazakhstan....................... President...................... Parliament........ Republic....................... Astana.
Kenya............................ ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Nairobi.
(unicameral).
Kiribati......................... ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... Tarawa.
(unicameral).
Korea, North..................... ......do....................... Supreme People's People's Republic.............. P'yongyang.
Assembly.
Korea, South..................... ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Seoul.
(unicameral).
Kuwait........................... Amir........................... ......do.......... Constitutional Monarchy........ Kuwait.
Kyrgyzstan....................... President...................... Supreme Council... Republic....................... Bishkek.
Laos............................. ......do....................... Supreme People's People's Republic.............. Vientiane.
Assembly.
Latvia........................... ............................... .................. Republic....................... Riga (Riga).
Lebanon.......................... President...................... Chamber of ......do....................... Beirut.
Deputies
(unicameral).
Lesotho.......................... King........................... Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy........ Maseru.
Senate, National
Assembly
(dissolved).
Liberia.......................... President...................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Monrovia.
House of
Representatives
(dissolved).
Libya............................ Chief of State................. General Peoples' ......do....................... Tripoli.
Congress.
Liechtenstein.................... Prince......................... Diet (unicameral). Constitutional Monarchy........ Vaduz.
Lithuania........................ ............................... .................. Republic....................... Vilnius.
Luxembourg....................... Grand Duke..................... Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy........ Luxembourg.
Chamber of
Deputies, Council
of State.
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav President...................... Assembly Emerging Democracy............. Skopje.
Republic of. (unicameral).
Madagascar....................... ......do....................... National Popular Republic....................... Antananarivo.
Assembly.
Malawi........................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Lilongwe.
(unicameral).
Malaysia......................... Paramount Ruler................ Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy........ Kuala Lumpur.
Senate, House of
Representatives.
Maldives......................... President...................... National Republic....................... Male.
Legislature
(Majlis)
(unicameral).
Mali............................. ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Bamako.
(unicameral).
Malta............................ ......do....................... House of ......do....................... Valletta.
Representatives
(unicameral).
Marshall Islands................. ......do....................... Parliament Parliamentary Democracy........ Majuro.
(unicameral).
Mauritania....................... ......do....................... National Assembly Islamic Republic............... Nouakchott.
(unicameral)
(dissolved).
Mauritius........................ Queen.......................... Legislative Parliamentary State............ Port Louis.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Mexico........................... President...................... Congress: Chamber Federal Republic............... Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico).
of Deputies.
Micronesia, Federated States of.. ......do....................... Congress Constitutional Government...... Palikir.
(unicameral).
Moldova.......................... ......do....................... Parliament Republic....................... Chisinau.
(unicameral).
Monaco........................... Prince......................... National Council Constitutional Monarchy........ Monaco.
(unicameral).
Mongolia......................... Chairman, Presidum, People's People's Great People's Republic.............. Ulaanbaatar.
Great Hural. Hural (National
Assembly)
(unicameral).
Morocco.......................... King........................... Legislature Constitutional Monarchy........ Rabat.
(unicameral).
Mozambique....................... President...................... People's Assembly People's Republic.............. Maputo.
(unicameral).
Namibia.......................... ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Windhoek.
and National
Council
(bicameral).
Nauru............................ ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... Yaren.
(unicameral).
Nepal............................ King........................... National Assembly Constitutional Monarchy........ Kathmandu.
(Panchayat)
(unicameral).
[[Page 231]]
Netherlands...................... Queen.......................... States-General: Constitutional Monarchy........ Capital, Amsterdam. Seat of
First-Chamber, government, The Hague.
Second-Chamber.
New Zealand...................... Queen (represented by Governor Parliament: House Parliamentary State............ Wellington.
General). of
Representatives
(unicameral).
Nicaragua........................ Coordinator, Junta of the Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Managua.
Government of National Chamber of
Reconstruction. Deputies
(suspended).
Niger............................ President...................... National Assembly ......do....................... Niamey.
(unicameral)
(suspended).
Nigeria.......................... ......do....................... Parliament: Federal Republic............... Lagos.
Senate, House of
Representatives.
Norway........................... King........................... Parliament Constitutional Monarchy........ Oslo.
(Storting):
Lagting,
Odelsting \2\.
Oman............................. Sultan......................... Absolute Monarchy. Sultanate...................... Muscat.
Pakistan......................... President (suspended).......... Parliament: Islamic Republic............... Islamabad.
Senate, National
Assembly
(suspended).
Palau............................ President...................... Bicameral Constitutional Government...... Koror.
legislature and
consultative
Council of Chiefs.
Panama........................... ......do....................... Legislature Republic....................... Panama.
(unicameral).
Papua New Guinea................. Queen (represented by Governor Parliament Parliamentary State............ Port Moresby.
General). (unicameral).
Paraguay......................... President...................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Asuncion.
Chamber of
Deputies.
Peru............................. ......do....................... ......do.......... ......do....................... Lima.
Philippines...................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Manila.
(unicameral).
Poland........................... President of Council of State.. Parliament (Sejm) People's Republic.............. Warsaw.
(unicameral).
Portugal......................... President...................... Assembly of the Republic....................... Lisbon.
Republic
(unicameral).
Qatar............................ Amir........................... Advisory Council.. Traditional Emirate............ Doha.
Romania.......................... President of Council of State.. Grand National Socialist Republic............. Bucharest.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Russia........................... President...................... Federal Assembly Federation..................... Moscow.
(bicameral).
Rwanda........................... ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Kigali.
(unicameral).
Saint Kitts and Nevis............ Queen (represented by Governor Appointed Senate Constitutional Monarchy........ Basseterre.
General). and elected House
of
Representatives.
Saint Lucia...................... ......do....................... Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Castries.
Senate, House of
Assembly.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. ......do....................... House of Assembly ......do....................... Kingstown.
(unicameral).
Samoa (Western Samoa)............ Head of State.................. Legislative Parliamentary Democracy........ Apia.
Assembly.
San Marino....................... Captains-Regent................ Grand and General Republic....................... San Marino.
Council
(unicameral).
Sao Tome and Principe............ President...................... National Popular ......do....................... Sao Tome.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Saudi Arabia..................... King........................... Absolute Monarchy. Monarchy....................... Riyadh.
Senegal.......................... President...................... National Assembly Republic....................... Dakar.
(unicameral).
Seychelles....................... ......do....................... People's Assembly ......do....................... Victoria.
(unicameral).
Sierra Leone..................... ......do....................... House of ......do....................... Freetown.
Representatives
(unicameral).
Singapore........................ ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... Singapore.
(unicameral).
Slovakia......................... ......do....................... National Council Parliamentary Democracy........ Bratislava.
(unicameral).
Slovenia......................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Ljubljana.
and National
Council
(bicameral).
Solomon Islands.................. Queen (represented by Governor Legislative Parliamentary State............ Honiara.
General). Assembly
(unicameral).
Somalia.......................... President...................... National Assembly. Republic....................... Mogadishu.
South Africa..................... ......do....................... Parliament: ......do....................... Pretoria (administrative) Cape
Senate, House of Town (legislative)
Assembly. Bloemfontein (judiciary).
Spain \3\........................ King........................... Cortes: Senate, Monarchy....................... Madrid.
Congress of
Deputies.
Sri Lanka........................ President...................... Parliament Republic....................... Colombo.
(unicameral).
Sudan............................ ......do....................... People's Assembly ......do....................... Khartoum.
(unicameral).
Suriname......................... ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... Paramaribo.
(unicameral).
Swaziland........................ King........................... House of Assembly, Constitutional Monarchy........ Mbabane (administrative)
Senate. Lobamba (legislative).
Sweden........................... ......do....................... Parliament ......do....................... Stockholm.
(Riksdag)
(unicameral).
[[Page 232]]
Switzerland...................... President...................... Federal Assembly Confederation.................. Bern.
(Bundesversammlun
g): Council of
States
(Standerat),
National Council
(Nationalrat).
Syria............................ ......do....................... People's Council.. Republic....................... Damascus.
Tajikistan....................... ......do....................... Supreme Assembly ......do....................... Dushanbe.
(unicameral).
Tanzania......................... ......do....................... National Assembly Democracy...................... Dar es Salaam.
(unicameral).
Thailand......................... King........................... ......do.......... Constitutional Monarchy........ Bangkok.
Togo............................. President...................... ......do.......... Republic....................... Lome.
Tonga............................ King........................... Legislative Constitutional Monarchy........ Nuku'alofa.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Trinidad and Tobago.............. President...................... Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Port-of-Spain.
Senate, House of
Representatives.
Tunisia.......................... ......do....................... National Assembly Republic....................... Tunis.
(unicameral).
Turkey........................... ......do....................... Grand National ......do....................... Ankara.
Assembly: Senate
of the Republic,
National Assembly.
Turkmenistan..................... ......do....................... Two parliamentary ......do....................... Ashgabat.
bodies: People's
Council
(unicameral),
Assembly
(unicameral).
Tuvalu........................... Queen (represented by Governor House of Assembly Parliamentary State............ Funafuti.
General). (unicameral).
Uganda........................... President...................... National Assembly ......do....................... Kampala.
(unicameral).
Ukraine.......................... ......do....................... Parliament: Presidential-parliamentary..... Kiev.
Supreme Rada.
United Arab Emirates............. ......do....................... Supreme Council of Federation of Emirates......... Abu Dhabi.
Rulers; National
Assembly.
United Kingdom................... Queen.......................... Parliament: House Constitutional Monarchy........ London.
of Lords, House
of Commons.
Uruguay.......................... President...................... General Assembly: Republic....................... Montevideo.
Senate, Chamber o
f Deputies (suspe
nded).
Uzbekistan....................... ......do....................... Supreme Assembly ......do....................... Tashkent.
(unicameral).
Vanuatu.......................... Prime Minister................. Representative ............................... Port-Vila.
Assembly
(unicameral).
Venezuela........................ President...................... Congress: Senate, Republic....................... Caracas.
Chamber of
Deputies.
Vietnam.......................... ......do....................... None.............. Socialist Republic............. Hanoi.
Yemen............................ ......do....................... Assembly, Republic....................... Sanaa.
Republican
Council
(suspended).
Zambia........................... ......do....................... National Assembly ......do....................... Lusaka.
(unicameral).
Zimbabwe......................... ......do....................... Parliament: Parliamentary State............ Harare.
Senate, House of
Assembly.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In 1950, the Israel Parliament proclaimed Jerusalem as the capital. The United States does not recognize Jerusalem as the capital and the U.S.
Embassy continues to be located in Tel Aviv. \2\ No accurate English equivalents. \3\ The Law of Succession, July 27, 1947, declared that
Spain was constituted a Kingdom.
[[Page 233]]
NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES DENOTING NATIONALITY
[Data from the Department of State and the Central Intelligence Agency]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Noun (plural ending in
Country or region parentheses) Adjective
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afghanistan............................. Afghan(s).................. Afghan.
Albania................................. Albanian(s)................ Albanian.
Algeria................................. Algerian(s)................ Algerian.
American Samoa.......................... American Samoan(s)......... American Samoan.
Andorra................................. Andorran(s)................ Andorran.
Angola.................................. Angolan(s)................. Angolan.
Anguilla................................ Anguillan(s)............... Anguillan.
Antigua and Barbuda..................... Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)... Antiguan, Barbudan.
Argentina............................... Argentine(s)............... Argentine.
Armenia................................. Armenian(s)................ Armenian.
Aruba................................... Aruban(s).................. Aruban.
Australia............................... Australian(s).............. Australian.
Austria................................. Austrian(s)................ Austrian.
Azerbaijan.............................. Azerbaijani(s)............. Azerbaijani.
Bahamas, The............................ Bahamian(s)................ Bahamian.
Bahrain................................. Bahraini(s)................ Bahraini.
Bangladesh.............................. Bangladeshi(s)............. Bangladesh.
Barbados................................ Barbadian(s)............... Barbadian.
Belarus................................. Belarusian(s).............. Belarusian.
Belgium................................. Belgian(s)................. Belgian.
Belize.................................. Belizean(s)................ Belizean.
Benin................................... Beninese (singular, plural) Beninese.
Bermuda................................. Bermudian(s)............... Bermudian.
Bhutan.................................. Bhutanese (singular, Bhutanese.
plural).
Bolivia................................. Bolivian(s)................ Bolivian.
Bosnia and Herzegovina.................. Bosnian(s), Bosnian, Herzegovinian.
Herzegovinian(s)..
Botswana................................ Motswana (singular), Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural).
Batswana (plural).
Brazil.................................. Brazilian(s)............... Brazilian.
British Virgin Islands.................. British Virgin Islander(s). British Virgin Islander.
Brunei.................................. Bruneian(s)................ Bruneian.
Bulgaria................................ Bulgarian(s)............... Bulgarian.
Burkina................................. Burkinabe (singular, Burkinabe.
plural).
Burma................................... Burmese (singular, plural). Burmese.
Burundi................................. Burundian(s)............... Burundi.
Cambodia................................ Cambodian(s)............... Cambodian.
Cameroon................................ Cameroonian(s)............. Cameroonian.
Canada.................................. Canadian(s)................ Canadian.
Cape Verde.............................. Cape Verdean(s)............ Cape Verdean.
Cayman Islands.......................... Caymanian(s)............... Caymanian.
Central African Republic................ Central African(s)......... Central African.
Chad.................................... Chadian(s)................. Chadian.
Chile................................... Chilean(s)................. Chilean.
China................................... Chinese (singular, plural). Chinese.
Christmas Island........................ Christmas Islander(s)...... Christmas Island.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands................. Cocos Islander(s).......... Cocos Islander.
Colombia................................ Colombian(s)............... Colombian.
Comoros................................. Comoran(s)................. Comoran.
Congo................................... Congolese (singular, Congolese or Congo.
plural).
Cook Islands............................ Cook Islander(s)........... Cook Islander.
Costa Rica.............................. Costa Rican(s)............. Costa Rican.
Cote d'Ivoire........................... Ivorian(s)................. Ivorian.
Croatia................................. Croat(s)................... Croatian.
Cuba.................................... Cuban(s)................... Cuban.
Cyprus.................................. Cypriot(s)................. Cypriot.
Czech Republic.......................... Czech(s)................... Czech.
Denmark................................. Dane(s).................... Danish.
Djibouti................................ Djiboutian(s).............. Djiboutian.
Dominica................................ Dominican(s)............... Dominican.
Dominican Republic...................... ......do................... Do.
Ecuador................................. Ecuadorian(s).............. Ecuadorian.
Egypt................................... Egyptian(s)................ Egyptian.
El Salvador............................. Salvadoran(s).............. Salvadoran.
Equatorial Guinea....................... Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatorial Guinean or Equa-toguinean.
Equa-toguinean(s).
Eritrea................................. Eritrean(s)................ Eritrean.
Estonia................................. Estonian(s)................ Estonian.
Ethiopia................................ Ethiopian(s)............... Ethiopian.
Falkland Islands........................ Falkland Islander(s)....... Falkland Island.
Faroe Islands........................... Faroese (singular, plural). Faroese.
Fiji.................................... Fijian(s).................. Fijian.
Finland................................. Finn(s).................... Finnish.
France.................................. Frenchman(men)/Frenchwoman French.
(women).
French Guiana........................... French Guianese (singular, French Guianese.
plural).
French Polynesia........................ French Polynesian(s)....... French Polynesian.
Gabon................................... Gabonese (singular, plural) Gabonese.
Gambia, The............................. Gambian(s)................. Gambian.
Gaza Strip.............................. None....................... None.
Georgia................................. Georgian(s)................ Georgian.
Germany................................. German(s).................. German.
Ghana................................... Ghanaian(s)................ Ghanaian.
Gibraltar............................... Gibraltarian(s)............ Gibraltar.
Greece.................................. Greek(s)................... Greek.
Greenland............................... Greenlander(s)............. Greenlandic.
[[Page 234]]
Grenada................................. Grenadian(s)............... Grenadian.
Guadeloupe.............................. Guadeloupian(s)............ Guadeloupe.
Guam.................................... Guamanian(s)............... Guamanian.
Guatemala............................... Guatemalan(s).............. Guatemalan.
Guernsey................................ Channel Islander(s)........ Channel Islander.
Guinea.................................. Guinean(s)................. Guinea.
Guinea-Bissau........................... Guinean(s)-Bissauan(s)..... Guinean-Bissauan.
Guyana.................................. Guyanese (singular, plural) Guyanese.
Haiti................................... Haitian(s)................. Haitian.
Honduras................................ Honduran(s)................ Honduran.
Hong Kong............................... Chinese.................... Chinese.
Hungary................................. Hungarian(s)............... Hungarian.
Iceland................................. Icelander(s)............... Icelandic.
India................................... Indian(s).................. Indian.
Indonesia............................... Indonesian(s).............. Indonesian.
Iran.................................... Iranian(s)................. Iranian.
Iraq.................................... Iraqi(s)................... Iraqi.
Ireland................................. Irishman(men), Irish.
Irishwoman(women), Irish
(collective, plural).
Israel.................................. Israeli(s)................. Israeli.
Italy................................... Italian(s)................. Italian.
Ivory Coast (see Cote d'Ivoire).........
Jamaica................................. Jamaican(s)................ Jamaican.
Japan................................... Japanese (singular, plural) Japanese.
Jersey.................................. Channel Islander(s)........ Channel Islander.
Jordan.................................. Jordanian(s)............... Jordanian.
Kampuchea (see Cambodia)................
Kazakhstan.............................. Kazakhstani(s)............. Kazakhstani.
Kenya................................... Kenyan(s).................. Kenyan.
Khmer Republic (see Cambodia)...........
Kiribati................................ I-Kiribat (singular, I-Kiribati.
plural).
Korea, North............................ Korean(s).................. Korean.
Korea, South............................ Korean(s).................. Korean.
Kuwait.................................. Kuwaiti(s)................. Kuwaiti.
Kyrgyzstan.............................. Kyrgyz(s).................. Kyrgyz.
Laos.................................... Lao(s) or Laotian(s)....... Lao or Laotian.
Latvia.................................. Latvian(s)................. Latvian.
Lebanon................................. Lebanese (singular, plural) Lebanese.
Lesotho................................. Mosotho (singular), Basotho Basotho.
(plural).
Liberia................................. Liberian(s)................ Liberian.
Libya................................... Libyan(s).................. Libyan.
Liechtenstein........................... Liechtensteiner(s)......... Liechtenstein.
Lithuania............................... Lithuanian(s).............. Lithuanian.
Luxembourg.............................. Luxembourger(s)............ Luxembourg.
Macau................................... Macanese (singular, plural) Macau.
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic Macedonian(s).............. Macedonian.
of.
Madagascar.............................. Malagasy (singular, plural) Malagasy.
Malawi.................................. Malawian(s)................ Malawian.
Malaysia................................ Malaysian(s)............... Malaysian.
Maldives................................ Maldivian(s)............... Maldivian.
Mali.................................... Malian(s).................. Malian.
Malta................................... Maltese (singular, plural). Maltese.
Man, Isle of............................ Manxman, Manxwoman......... Manx.
Marshall Islands........................ Marshallese (singular, Marshallese.
plural).
Martinique.............................. Martiniquais (singular, Martiniquais.
plural).
Mauritania.............................. Mauritanian(s)............. Mauritanian.
Mauritius............................... Mauritian(s)............... Mauritian.
Mayotte................................. Mahorais (singular, plural) Mahoran.
Mexico.................................. Mexican(s)................. Mexican.
Micronesia, Federated States of......... Micronesian(s)............. Micronesian.
Moldova................................. Moldovan(s)................ Moldovan.
Monaco.................................. Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s) Monacan or Monegasque.
Mongolia................................ Mongolian(s)............... Mongolian.
Montserrat.............................. Montserratian(s)........... Montserratian.
Morocco................................. Moroccan(s)................ Moroccan.
Mozambique.............................. Mozambican(s).............. Mozambican.
Namibia................................. Namibian(s)................ Namibian.
Nauru................................... Nauruan(s)................. Nauruan.
Nepal................................... Nepalese (singular, plural) Nepalese.
Netherlands............................. Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman Dutch.
(women).
Netherlands Antilles.................... Netherlands Antillean(s)... Netherlands Antillean.
New Caledonia........................... New Caledonian(s).......... New Caledonian.
New Zealand............................. New Zealander(s)........... New Zealand.
Nicaragua............................... Nicaraguan(s).............. Nicaraguan.
Niger................................... Nigerien(s)................ Nigerien.
Nigeria................................. Nigerian(s)................ Nigerian.
Nive.................................... Nivean(s).................. Nivean.
Norfolk Island.......................... Norfolk Islander(s)........ Norfolk Islander.
Northern Mariana Islands................ None....................... None.
Norway.................................. Norwegian(s)............... Norwegian.
Oman.................................... Omani(s)................... Omani.
Pakistan................................ Pakistani(s)............... Pakistani.
Palau................................... Palauan(s)................. Palauan.
[[Page 235]]
Panama.................................. Panamanian(s).............. Panamanian.
Papua New Guinea........................ Papua New Guinean(s)....... Papua New Guinean.
Paraguay................................ Paraguayan(s).............. Paraguayan.
Peru.................................... Peruvian(s)................ Peruvian.
Philippines............................. Filipino(s)................ Philippine.
Pitcairn Islands........................ Pitcairn Islander(s)....... Pitcairn Islander.
Poland.................................. Pole(s).................... Polish.
Portugal................................ Portuguese (singular, Portuguese.
plural).
Puerto Rico............................. Puerto Rican(s)............ Puerto Rican.
Qatar................................... Qatari(s).................. Qatari.
Reunion................................. Reunionese (singular, Reunionese.
plural).
Romania................................. Romanian(s)................ Romanian.
Russia.................................. Russian(s)................. Russian.
Rwanda.................................. Rwandan(s)................. Rwandan.
Saint Helena............................ Saint Helenian(s).......... Saint Helenian.
Saint Lucia............................. Saint Lucian(s)............ Saint Lucian.
Saint Kitts and Nevis................... Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s)... Kittsian, Nevisian.
Saint Lucia............................. Saint Lucian(s)............ Saint Lucian.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon............... Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman French.
(women).
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines........ Saint Vincentian(s) or Saint Vincentian or Vincentian.
Vincentian(s).
San Marino.............................. Sammarinese (singular, Sammarinese.
plural).
Sao Tome and Principe................... Sao Tomean(s).............. Sao Tomean.
Saudi Arabia............................ Saudi(s)................... Saudi or Saudi Arabian.
Senegal................................. Senegalese (singular, Senegalese.
plural).
Serbia and Montenegro................... Serb(s), Montenegrin(s).... Serbian and Montenegrin.
Seychelles.............................. Seychellois (singular, Seychelles.
plural).
Sierra Leone............................ Sierra Leonean(s).......... Sierra Leonean.
Singapore............................... Singaporean(s)............. Singapore.
Slovakia................................ Slovak(s).................. Slovak.
Slovenia................................ Slovene(s)................. Slovenian.
Solomon Islands......................... Solomon Islander(s)........ Solomon Islander.
Somalia................................. Somali (singular, plural).. Somali.
South Africa............................ South African(s)........... South African.
Spain................................... Spaniard(s)................ Spanish.
Sri Lanka............................... Sri Lankan(s).............. Sri Lankan.
Sudan................................... Sudanese (singular, plural) Sudanese.
Suriname................................ Surinamer(s)............... Surinamese.
Svalbard................................ None....................... None.
Swaziland............................... Swazi(s)................... Swazi.
Sweden.................................. Swede(s)................... Swedish.
Switzerland............................. Swiss (singular, plural)... Swiss.
Syria................................... Syrian(s).................. Syrian.
Taiwan.................................. Taiwanese (singular, Taiwanese.
plural).
Tajikistan.............................. Tajik(s)................... Tajik.
Tanzania................................ Tanzanian(s)............... Tanzanian.
Thailand................................ Thai (singular, plural).... Thai.
Togo.................................... Togolese (singular, plural) Togolese.
Tokelau................................. Tokelauan(s)............... Tokelauan.
Tonga................................... Tongan(s).................. Tongan.
Trinidad and Tobago..................... Trinidadian(s), Trinidadian, Tobagonian.
Tobagonian(s).
Tunisia................................. Tunisian(s)................ Tunisian.
Turkey.................................. Turk(s).................... Turkish.
Turkmenistan............................ Turkmen(s)................. Turkmen.
Turks and Caicos Islands................ None....................... None.
Tuvalu.................................. Tuvaluan(s)................ Tuvaluan.
Uganda.................................. Ugandan(s)................. Ugandan.
Ukraine................................. Ukrainian(s)............... Ukrainian.
United Arab Emirates.................... Emirian(s)................. Emirian.
United Kingdom.......................... Briton(s), British British.
(collective plural).
United States........................... American(s)................ American.
Uruguay................................. Uruguayan(s)............... Uruguayan.
Uzbekistan.............................. Uzbek(s)................... Uzbek.
Vanuatu................................. Ni-Vanuatu (singular, Ni-Vanuatu.
plural).
Venezuela............................... Venezuelan(s).............. Venezuelan.
Vietnam................................. Vietnamese (singular, Vietnamese.
plural).
Virgin Islands.......................... Virgin Islander(s)......... Virgin Islander.
Wake Island............................. None....................... None.
Wallis and Futuna Islands............... Wallisian(s), Futunan(s) or Wallisian, Futunan or Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna Islander.
Islander(s).
West Bank............................... None....................... None.
Western Sahara.......................... Sahrawi(s), Sahraoi(s)..... Sahrawian, Sahrauoian.
Western Samoa........................... Western Samoan(s).......... Western Samoan.
Yemen................................... Yemini(s).................. Yemeni.
Zaire................................... Zairian(s)................. Zairian.
Zambia.................................. Zambian(s)................. Zambian.
Zimbabwe................................ Zimbabwean(s).............. Zimbabwean.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 236]]
FOREIGN MONEY
[Based on information provided by the International Monetary Fund updated to July 26, 2000]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country or area Currency unit Abbreviation Subsidiary unit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afghanistan, Islamic State of....... Afghani..................... Af pul
Albania............................. lek......................... lek quindar
Algeria............................. dinar....................... DA centime
Andorra............................. French franc \1\............ Fr. F French centime
Spanish peseta \1\.......... Sp. Pta Spanish centimo
Angola.............................. readjusted kwanza........... KZR centimo
Anguilla............................ dollar...................... EC$ cent
Antigua and Barbuda................. dollar...................... EC$ cent
Argentina........................... peso........................ Arg$ centavo
Armenia............................. dram........................ dram luma
Aruba............................... florin...................... Af. cent
Australia........................... dollar...................... $A cent
Austria............................. euro \2\.................... EUR schilling
Azerbaijan.......................... manat....................... manat kepik
Azores.............................. escudo...................... Esc centavo
Bahamas, The........................ dollar...................... B$ cent
Bahrain............................. dinar....................... BD fils
Bangladesh.......................... taka........................ Tk poisha
Barbados............................ dollar...................... BDS$ cent
Belarus............................. rubel....................... Rbl --
Belgium............................. euro \2\.................... EUR franc
Belize.............................. dollar...................... BZ$ cent
Benin............................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Bermuda............................. dollar...................... Ber$ cent
Bhutan.............................. ngultrum.................... Nu chhetrum
Bolivia............................. boliviano................... Bs centavo
Bosnia and Herzegovina.............. convertible marka........... KM pfening
Botswana............................ pula........................ P thebe
Brazil.............................. real........................ R$ centavo
British Virgin Islands.............. dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Brunei Darussalam................... dollar...................... B$ cent
Bulgaria............................ lev......................... lev stotinka
Burkina Faso........................ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Burundi............................. franc....................... FBu centime
Cambodia............................ riel........................ CR sen
Cameroon............................ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Canada.............................. dollar...................... Can$ cent
Canary Islands...................... peseta...................... Pta centimo
Cape Verde.......................... escudo...................... CVEsc centavo
Cayman Islands...................... dollar...................... C$ cent
Central African Republic............ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Chad................................ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Chile............................... peso........................ Ch$ centavo
China............................... yuan \5\.................... Y fen \6\
Colombia............................ peso........................ Col$ centavo
Comoros............................. franc....................... CF centime
Congo, Democratic Republic of....... franc....................... CGF centime
Congo, Republic of.................. franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Costa Rica.......................... colon....................... C centimo
Cote d'Ivoire....................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Croatia............................. kuna........................ HRK lipa
Cuba................................ peso........................ $ centavo
Cyprus.............................. pound....................... C cent
Czech Republic...................... koruna...................... CZK haler
Denmark............................. krone....................... DKr re
Djibouti............................ franc....................... DF centime
Dominica............................ dollar...................... EC$ cent
Dominican Republic.................. peso........................ RD$ centavo
Ecuador............................. sucre....................... S/. centavo
Egypt............................... pound....................... LE piastre \7\
El Salvador......................... colon....................... C centavo
/
Equatorial Guinea................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Eritrea............................. nakfa....................... ERN cent
Estonia............................. kroon....................... EEK sent
Ethiopia............................ birr........................ Br cent
Faeroe Islands...................... krone....................... DKr re
Falkland Islands.................... pound....................... new penny
Fiji................................ dollar...................... F$ cent
Finland............................. euro \2\.................... EUR markka
France.............................. euro \2\.................... EUR franc
French Guiana....................... franc....................... F centime
French Polynesia.................... franc....................... CFPF centime
Gabon............................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Gambia, The......................... dalasi...................... D butut
Georgia............................. lari........................ lari tetri
Germany............................. euro \2\.................... EUR deutsche mark
Ghana............................... cedi........................ C pesewa
/
Gibraltar........................... pound....................... new penny
Greece.............................. drachma..................... Dr lepton
Greenland........................... krone....................... DKr re
Grenada............................. dollar...................... EC$ cent
Guadeloupe.......................... franc....................... F centime
Guatemala........................... quetzal..................... Q centavo
Guinea.............................. franc....................... GF --
Guinea-Bissau....................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
[[Page 237]]
Guyana.............................. dollar...................... G$ cent
Haiti............................... gourde...................... G centime
Honduras............................ lempira..................... L centavo
Hong Kong SAR....................... dollar...................... HK$ cent
Hungary............................. forint...................... Ft filler
Iceland............................. krona....................... ISK eyrir
India............................... rupee....................... Re paisa
Indonesia........................... rupiah...................... Rp sen
Iran, Islamic Republic of........... rial........................ Rl --
Iraq................................ dinar....................... ID fils
Ireland............................. euro \2\.................... EUR pound
Israel.............................. new sheqel.................. NIS agora
Italy............................... euro \2\.................... EUR lira
Jamaica............................. dollar...................... J$ cent
Japan............................... yen......................... sen
Jordan.............................. dinar....................... JD fils
Kazakhstan.......................... tenge....................... T tiyn
Kenya............................... shilling.................... K Sh cent
Kiribati............................ dollar...................... $A cent
Korea, Democratic People's Republic won......................... -- chun
of.
Korea, Republic of.................. won......................... W chun
Kuwait.............................. dinar....................... KD fils
Kyrgyz Republic..................... som......................... som tyiyn
Lao People's Democratic Republic.... kip......................... KN --
Latvia.............................. lats........................ LVL santims
Lebanon............................. pound....................... LL --
Lesotho............................. loti \8\.................... M sente
Liberia............................. dollar...................... $ cent
Libya............................... dinar....................... LD dirham
Liechtenstein....................... franc....................... Sw F centime
Lithuania........................... litas....................... LTL centas
Luxembourg.......................... euro \2\.................... EUR franc
Macao SAR........................... pataca...................... P avo
Macedonia........................... denar....................... MDen deni
Madagascar.......................... franc....................... FMG centime
Madeira............................. escudo...................... Esc centavo
Malawi.............................. kwacha...................... MK tambala
Malaysia............................ ringgit..................... RM sen
Maldives............................ rufiyaa..................... Rf laari
Mali................................ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Malta............................... lira........................ Lm cent \9\
Marshall Islands.................... dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Martinique.......................... franc....................... F centime
Mauritania.......................... ouguiya \10\................ UM khoum
Mauritius........................... rupee....................... MUR cent
Mexico.............................. new peso.................... MEX$ centavo
Micronesia, Federated States of..... dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Moldova............................. leu......................... MDL ban
Monaco.............................. franc....................... F centime
Mongolia............................ togrog...................... Tug mongo
Montserrat.......................... dollar...................... EC$ cent
Morocco............................. dirham...................... DH centime
Mozambique.......................... metical..................... Mt centavo
Myanmar............................. kyat........................ K pya
Namibia............................. dollar...................... N$ cent
rand........................ R cent
Nauru............................... dollar...................... $A cent
Nepal............................... rupee....................... Nrs paisa
Netherlands, The.................... euro \2\.................... EUR guilder
Netherlands Antilles................ guilder..................... NA f. cent
New Caledonia....................... franc....................... CFPF centime
New Zealand......................... dollar...................... $NZ cent
Nicaragua........................... cordoba..................... C$ centavo
Niger............................... franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Nigeria............................. naira....................... N kobo
=
Norway.............................. krone....................... NKr re
Oman................................ rial Omani.................. RO baisa
Pakistan............................ rupee....................... PRs paisa
Palau............................... dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Panama.............................. balboa...................... B centesimo
Papua New Guinea.................... kina........................ K toea
Paraguay............................ guarani..................... G centimo
/
Peru................................ nuevo sol................... S/. centimo
Philippines......................... peso........................ P centavo
=
Poland.............................. zloty....................... Zl grosz
Portugal............................ euro \2\.................... EUR escudo
Qatar............................... riyal....................... QR dirham
Reunion............................. franc....................... F centime
Romania............................. leu......................... leu \11\ --
Russia.............................. ruble....................... Rub kopek
Rwanda.............................. franc....................... RF centime
St. Helena.......................... pound \12\.................. or new penny
stg.\12\
St. Kitts and Nevis................. dollar...................... EC$ cent
St. Lucia........................... dollar...................... EC$ cent
St. Pierre and Miquelon............. franc....................... F centime
[[Page 238]]
St. Vincent and the Grenadines...... dollar...................... EC$ cent
Samoa............................... tala........................ SAT sene
San Marino.......................... euro \2\.................... EUR lira
Sao Tome and Principe............... dobra....................... Db centavo
Saudi Arabia........................ riyal....................... SRl halala
Senegal............................. franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Seychelles.......................... rupee....................... SR cent
Sierra Leone........................ leone....................... Le cent
Singapore........................... dollar...................... S$ cent
Slovak Republic..................... koruna...................... Sk halier
Slovenia............................ tolar....................... SIT stotin
Solomon Islands..................... dollar...................... SI$ cent
Somalia............................. shilling.................... So. Sh. cent
South Africa........................ rand........................ R cent
Spain............................... euro \2\.................... EUR peseta
Sri Lanka........................... rupee....................... SL Re cent
Sudan \13\.......................... pound....................... LSd piastre \7\
Suriname............................ guilder..................... Sf cent
Swaziland........................... lilangeni................... E cent
Sweden.............................. krona....................... SKr ore
Switzerland......................... franc....................... Sw F centime
Syrian Arab Republic................ pound....................... LS piastre \7\
Taiwan Province of China............ dollar...................... NT$ fen \14\
Tajikistan.......................... ruble....................... TR --
Tanzania............................ shilling.................... T Sh cent
Thailand............................ baht........................ B satang
Togo................................ franc....................... CFAF centime \3\
Tonga............................... pa'anga..................... T$ seniti
Trinidad and Tobago................. dollar...................... TT$ cent
Tunisia............................. dinar....................... D millime
Turkey.............................. lira........................ TL kurus
Turkmenistan........................ manat....................... manat tenge
Turks and Caicos Islands............ dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Tuvalu.............................. dollar...................... $A cent
Uganda.............................. shilling.................... U Sh cent
Ukraine............................. hryvnia..................... HRV kopiyka
United Arab Emirates................ dirham...................... Dh fil
United Kingdom...................... pound....................... or penny
stg.
United States....................... dollar...................... $ or US$ \4\ cent
Uruguay............................. peso........................ Ur$ centesimo
Uzbekistan.......................... sum......................... SUM tiyin
Vanuatu............................. vatu........................ VT --
Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela.. bolivar..................... Bs centavo
Vietnam............................. dong........................ D --
Wallis and Futuna Islands........... franc....................... CFPF centime
Yemen, Republic of.................. dinar \15\.................. YD fils
rial \15\................... YRl fils
Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of dinar....................... YUD para
(Serbia/Montenegro).
Zambia.............................. kwacha...................... K ngwee
Zimbabwe............................ dollar...................... Z$ cent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Both the French franc and the Spanish peseta are legal tender in Andorra.
\2\ Use the term ``euro area,'' not ``euro zone.'' It is incorrect to refer to the euro by nationality, for
example, as an Austrian euro or a Belgian euro. However, one may refer to a country's holdings of euros, for
example, euro (France) or euro (Germany). The subsidiary units, which used to be the national currencies of
the euro area countries, will be used only during the transition period, that is, through June 30, 2002.
\3\ There is no subsidiary unit issued for the CFA franc. However, it is useful to retain the concept of the
centime.
\4\ Use US$ instead of $ when it is not clear that the reference is to the U.S. dollar.
\5\ The currency is the renminbi, while the currency unit is the yuan.
\6\ Second subsidiary currency unit: jiao; 10 fen = 1 jiao; 10 jiao = 1 yuan.
\7\ Second subsidiary currency: millieme; 10 milliemes = 1 piastre.
\8\ The loti is interchangeable with the South African rand, which remains legal tender.
\9\ Second subsidiary currency: mil, 10 mils = 1 cent.
\10\ For accounting purposes, the ouguiya is also divided into the dixieme (= UM 0.10) and the centieme (= UM
0.01).
\11\ Use the plural form lei before a figure (e.g., lei 100).
\12\ ``Sterling'' is at times used in place of ``pounds.'' When used as an adjective to describe the currency,
``sterling'' follows ``pounds'' (i.e., ``pounds sterling'').
\13\ Sudan has introduced the Sudanese dinar to circulate alongside the Sudanese pound. The Sudanese dinar is
worth 10 pounds.
\14\ Second subsidiary currency: chiao; 10 fen = 1 chiao.
\15\ Both the Yemeni dinar and the Yemeni rial are legal tender in the Republic of Yemen.
[[Page 239]]
METRIC TABLES
LENGTH
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Myriameter (obs.)............ 10,000 meters... 6.2137 miles. Meter......... 1 meter....... 39.37 inches.
Kilometer.................... 1,000 meters.... 0.62137 mile. Decimeter..... 0.1 meter..... 3.937 inches.
Hectometer................... 100 meters...... 328 feet 1 inch. Centimeter.... 0.01 meter.... 0.3937 inch.
Dekameter.................... 10 meters....... 393.7 inches. Millimeter.... 0.001 meter... 0.0394 inch.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AREA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hectare................................. 10,000 square meters............... 2.471 acres.
Are..................................... 100 square meters.................. 119.6 square yards.
Centare................................. 1 square meter..................... 1,550 square inches.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WEIGHT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Volume of water corresponding to Avoirdupois weight of
Name grams weight water
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Metric ton, millier or tonneau...... 1,000,000 1 cubic meter................... 2,204.6 pounds.
Kilogram or kilo.................... 1,000 1 liter......................... 2.2046 pounds.
Hectogram........................... 100 1 deciliter..................... 3.5274 ounces.
Dekagram............................ 10 10 cubic centimeters............ 0.3527 ounce.
Gram................................ 1 1 cubic centimeter.............. 15.432 grains.
Decigram............................ .1 0.1 cubic centimeter............ 1.5432 grains.
Centigram........................... .01 10 cubic millimeters............ 0.1543 grain.
Milligram........................... .001 1 cubic millimeter.............. 0.0154 grain.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of
Name liters Metric cubic measure United States measure British measure
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kiloliter or stere.................... 1,000 1 cubic meter................... 1.308 cubic yards............... 1.308 cubic yards.
Hectoliter............................ 100 0.1 cubic meter................. 2.838 bushels; 26,417 gallons... 2.75 bushels; 22.00 gallons.
Dekaliter............................. 10 10 cubic decimeters............. 1.135 pecks; 2.6417 gallons..... 8.80 quarts; 2.200 gallons.
Liter................................. 1 1 cubic decimeter............... 0.908 dry quart; 1.0567 liquid 0.880 quart.
quarts.
Deciliter............................. .1 0.1 cubic decimeter............. 6.1023 cubic inches; 0.845 gill. 0.704 gill.
Centiliter............................ .01 10 cubic centimeters............ 0.6102 cubic inch; 0.338 fluid 0.352 fluid ounce.
ounce.
Milliliter............................ .001 1 cubic centimeter.............. 0.061 cubic inch; 0.271 fluid 0.284 fluid dram.
dram.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMON MEASURES AND THEIR METRIC EQUIVALENTS
[*United States measure]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common measure Equivalent Common measure Equivalent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inch.......................... 2.54 centimeters. Dry quart*............... 1.101 liters.
Foot.......................... 0.3048 meter. Quart, imperial.......... 1.136 liters.
Yard.......................... 0.9144 meter. Gallon*.................. 3.785 liters.
Rod........................... 5.029 meters. Gallon, imperial......... 4.546 liters.
Mile.......................... 1.6093 kilometers. Peck*.................... 8.810 liters.
Square inch................... 6.452 square centimeters. Peck, imperial........... 9.092 liters.
Square foot................... 0.0929 square meter. Bushel*.................. 35.24 liters.
Square yard................... 0.836 square meter. Bushel, imperial......... 36.37 liters.
Square rod.................... 25.29 square meters. Ounce, avoirdupois....... 28.35 grams.
Acre.......................... 0.4047 hectare. Pound, avoirdupois....... 0.4536 kilogram.
Square mile................... 259 hectares. Ton, long................ 1.0160 metric tons.
Cubic inch.................... 16.39 cubic centimeters. Ton, short............... 0.9072 metric ton.
Cubic foot.................... 0.0283 cubic meter. Grain.................... 0.0648 gram.
Cubic yard.................... 0.7646 cubic meter. Ounce, troy.............. 31.103 grams.
Cord.......................... 3.625 steres. Pound, troy.............. 0.3732 kilogram.
Liquid quart*................. 0.9463 liter.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 240]]
U.S. EQUIVALENTS OF THE PRINCIPAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES USED IN FOREIGN
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
[With suggestions by the Department of Agriculture]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight or measure Country
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 ardeb = 1.98 hectoliters = Egypt.
5.6189 Winchester or United
States bushels.
1 arroba = 25 pounds, avoirdupois. Cuba.
1 batman = 6.5 pounds, avoirdupois Iran.
1 bouw = 7,096.5 square meters = Indonesia.
1.754 acres.
1 cantar = 44.928 kilograms = Egypt.
99.049 pounds, avoirdupois.
1 catty (kati) = 1\1/3\ pounds, China.
avoirdupois.
1 central = 100 pounds, United States, Canada, Republic of
avoirdupois. South Africa.\1\
1 centner = 110.23 pounds, Denmark.
avoirdupois.
1 chetvert = 5.9568 Winchester Russia.
bushels.
1 cho = 2.4506 acres.............. Japan.
1 dekar = 0.2471 acre............. Norway.
1 dessiatine = 2.6997 acres....... Russia.
1 donum = 0.227 acre.............. Turkey.
1 doppelzentner = 220.46 pounds, Germany.
avoirdupois.
1 feddan = 1.038 acres............ Egypt.
1 hectare = 2.471 acres........... (\2\).
1 hectoliter = 2.8378 Winchester (\2\).
bushels.
1 hectoliter = 26.418 United (\2\).
States gallons.
1 hundredweight (long) = 112 United Kingdom, Australia.\1\
pounds, avoirdupois.
1 hundredweight (or cental) = 100 United States, Canada, Republic of
pounds, avoirdupois. South Africa.\1\
1 imperial bushel = 1.03205 United Kingdom, Canada, Australia,
Winchester bushels. Republic of South Africa.\1\
1 imperial gallon = 1.2009 United Do.\1\
States gallons.
1 joch (cadastral hold or Hungary.
cadastral arpent) = 1.422 acres.
1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, (\2\).
avoirdupois.
1 kin = 1.3228 pounds, avoirdupois Japan.
1 ko = 2.3966 acres............... Taiwan.
1 koku = 4.9602 imperial bushels = Japan.
5.1192 Winchester bushels.
1 koku = 47.655 United States Do.
standard gallons.
1 kwan = 8.2673 pounds, Do.
avoirdupois.
1 liter = 0.028378 Winchester (\2\).
bushel = 0.26418 United States
gallon.
1 manzana = 1.7266 acres.......... Guatemala.
1 maund = 82.2857 pounds, British India.
avoirdupois.
1 mesana = 0.6397 acre............ Cuba.
1 morgen = 2.1165 acres........... Republic of South Africa.
1 mow = 0.1518 acre (varying)..... China.
1 oke = 1.248 kilograms = 2.751 Egypt.
pounds, avoirdupois.
1 oke = 2.822 pounds, avoirdupois. Greece.
1 picul = 133\1/3\ pounds, China.
avoirdupois.
1 picul = 61.761 kilograms = Indonesia.
136.16 pounds, avoirdupois.
1 picul = 132.28 pounds, Japan.
avoirdupois.
1 pood = 36.1128 pounds, Russia.
avoirdupois.
1 pound, Great Venetian = 1.0582 Greece.
pounds, avoirdupois.
1 quintal (double centner or (\2\).
metric centner) = 220.46 pounds,
avoirdupois.
1 quarter = 8 imperial bushels = United Kingdom.
8.2564 Winchester bushels.
1 rai = 0.3954 acre............... Thailand.
1 Russian pound = \1/40\ pood = Russia.
0.90282 pound, avoirdupois.
1 stremma (royal) = 0.2471 acre... Greece.
1 tan (or picul) = 133\1/3\ China.
pounds, avoirdupois.
1 ton (long) = 2,240 pounds, United States (foreign trade) and
avoirdupois. United Kingdom.
1 ton (metric) = 2,204.6 pounds, (\2\).
avoirdupois.
1 ton (short) = 2,000 pounds, United States (internal trade) and
avoirdupois. Canada (foreign trade).
1 zentner = 110.23 pounds, Germany.
avoirdupois.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ List of countries given may not be complete or reflect current name
changes due to political restructuring.
\2\ Metric system.
Note.--The values given are believed to be carried to a sufficient
number of decimal places to meet the purpose for which the units may
be used.
[[Page 241]]
PICAS TRANSLATED TO INCHES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Picas Inches Picas Inches Picas Inches Picas Inches Picas Inches Picas Inches
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0.166 18 2.988 35 5.811 52 8.634 69 11.457 86 14.279
2 .332 19 3.154 36 5.977 53 8.800 70 11.623 87 14.445
3 .498 20 3.320 37 6.143 54 8.966 71 11.789 88 14.611
4 .664 21 3.487 38 6.309 55 9.132 72 11.955 89 14.778
5 .830 22 3.653 39 6.475 56 9.298 73 12.121 90 14.944
6 .996 23 3.819 40 6.641 57 9.464 74 12.287 91 15.110
7 1.162 24 3.985 41 6.807 58 9.630 75 12.453 92 15.276
8 1.328 25 4.151 42 6.973 59 9.796 76 12.619 93 15.442
9 1.494 26 4.317 43 7.139 60 9.962 77 12.785 94 15.608
10 1.660 27 4.483 44 7.306 61 10.128 78 12.951 95 15.774
11 1.826 28 4.649 45 7.472 62 10.294 79 13.117 96 15.940
12 1.992 29 4.815 46 7.638 63 10.460 80 13.283 97 16.106
13 2.158 30 4.981 47 7.804 64 10.626 81 13.449 98 16.272
14 2.324 31 5.147 48 7.970 65 10.792 82 13.615 99 16.438
15 2.490 32 5.313 49 8.136 66 10.959 83 13.781 100 16.604
16 2.656 33 5.479 50 8.302 67 11.125 84 13.947 125 20.750
17 2.822 34 5.645 51 8.468 68 11.291 85 14.113 150 24.900
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INCREASE OF TEXT BY SPACING
If lines are spaced 2 points--
6-point type is increased one-third.
8-point type is increased one-fourth.
10-point type is increased one-fifth.
11-point type is increased two-elevenths.
12-point type is increased one-sixth.
NUMBER OF WORDS AND EMS TO THE SQUARE INCH
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of words Number of words
Size of type ---------------------- Number of Size of type ---------------------- Number of
Solid Leaded\1\ ems Solid Leaded\1\ ems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 point.................... 11 8 26\1/2\ 8 point........ 32 23 81
12 point.................... 14 11 36 6 point........ 47 34 144
11 point.................... 17 14 43 5 point........ 69 50 207
10 point.................... 21 16 52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ``Leaded'' refers to 2 points of space between lines.
[[Page 242]]
NOTES