66           THE  DUTCH  AND  QUAKER COLONIES
side of the stream another sharp curve (the cause of the opening at Chatham Square) was made necessary by the abrupt ascent.1 At the top of the hill stood Wolfert Webber's tavern, and a little beyond it a tall windmill built in 1662. In this neighbourhood were a few farms kept by free negroes. Some distance further out one would pass the ancient mile-stone, which still stands on the Bowery opposite Rivington Street, " on which, if it does not happen to be covered over with bills, one may still read the legend, 2 miles to City Hall." 2 Still further north, near the Ninth Street station of the Third Avenue elevated railroad, came the cluster of settlements known as the Bowery Bowery Village, founded by Stuyvesant on his own terri-vmage       tor^  jnere were tne clanking smithery, the church
where the town schoolmaster, Dominie Selyns, preached on Sundays, and the inn where good entertainment was furnished for man and beast.
About a mile above the Bowery Village, the road began to make its way over wild and rugged hills, with few traces of human occupation save at the well-kept farm of Jacobus Kip, at that deep bight of the East River between Thirty-Ki 's Ba tn*ri* anc* Thirty-seventh streets which is still known as Kip's Bay. Kip's massive and stately house, which he built in 1655, being then secretary of New Nether-land, was demolished in 1851, because it occupied the space where Thirty-fifth Street now crosses Second Avenue. After leaving this farm behind and proceeding for another half mile, one would come upon another indentation of the river, which the Dutch called Deutel (i. e. Wedge) Bay, a name Turtle Ba wnicn m English mouths soon became Turtle Bay. Into it, near the foot of Forty-seventh Street, emptied a brook which, from its sources near Ninth Avenue and Seventy-second Street, meandered across the island, leaving a modern vestige of itself in the lake near the Plaza in Cen-
1 In this account I have been much assisted by Hill and Waring, Old Wells and Water-Courses, an admirable monograph. 3 Hewitt's The Bowery, p. 372.