[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 16, Volume 2]
[Revised as of January 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 16CFR1203.17]
[Page 221-223]
TITLE 16--COMMERCIAL PRACTICES
CHAPTER II--CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
PART 1203_SAFETY STANDARD FOR BICYCLE HELMETS--Table of Contents
Subpart A_The Standard
Sec. 1203.17 Impact attenuation test.
(a) Impact test instruments and equipment--(1) Measurement of impact
attenuation. Impact attenuation is determined by measuring the
acceleration of the test headform during impact. Acceleration is
measured with a uniaxial accelerometer that is capable of withstanding a
shock of at least 1000 g. The helmet is secured onto the headform and
dropped in a guided free fall, using a monorail or guidewire test
apparatus (see Figure 9 of this part), onto an anvil fixed to a rigid
base. The center of the anvil shall be aligned with the center vertical
axis of the accelerometer. The base shall consist of a solid mass of at
least 135 kg (298 lb), the upper surface of which shall consist of a
steel plate at least 12 mm (0.47 in.) thick and having a surface area of
at least 0.10 m\2\ (1.08 ft\2\).
(2) Accelerometer. A uniaxial accelerometer shall be mounted at the
center of gravity of the test headform, with the sensitive axis aligned
within 5 degrees of vertical when the test headform is in the impact
position. The acceleration data channel and filtering shall comply with
SAE Recommended Practice J211 OCT88, Instrumentation for Impact Tests,
Requirements for Channel Class 1000.
(3) Headform and drop assembly--centers of gravity. The center of
gravity of the test headform shall be at the center of the mounting ball
on the support assembly and within an inverted cone having its axis
vertical and a 10-degree included angle with the vertex at the point of
impact. The location of the center of gravity of the drop assembly
(combined test headform and support assembly) must meet the
specifications of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 218,
Motorcycle Helmets, 49
[[Page 222]]
CFR 571.218 (S7.1.8). The center of gravity of the drop assembly shall
lie within the rectangular volume bounded by x=-6.4 mm (-0.25 in.),
x=21.6 mm (0.85 in.), y=6.4 mm (0.25 in.), and y=-6.4 mm (-0.25 in.),
with the origin located at the center of gravity of the test headform.
The origin of the coordinate axes is at the center of the mounting ball
on the support assembly. The rectangular volume has no boundary along
the z-axis. The positive z-axis is downward. The x-y-z axes are mutually
perpendicular and have positive or negative designations as shown in
Figure 10 of this part. Figure 10 shows an overhead view of the x-y
boundary of the drop assembly center of gravity.
(4) Drop assembly. The combined mass of the drop assembly, which
consists of instrumented test headform and support assembly (excluding
the test helmet), shall be 5.00.1 kg (11.000.22 lb).
(5) Impact anvils. Impact tests shall be performed against the three
different solid (i.e., without internal cavities) steel anvils described
in this paragraph (a)(5).
(i) Flat anvil. The flat anvil shall have a flat surface with an
impact face having a minimum diameter of 125 mm (4.92 in.). It shall be
at least 24 mm (0.94 in.) thick (see Figure 11 of this part).
(ii) Hemispherical anvil. The hemispherical anvil shall have a
hemispherical impact surface with a radius of 481
mm (1.890.04 in.) (see Figure 12 of this part).
(iii) Curbstone anvil. The curbstone anvil shall have two flat faces
making an angle of 105 degrees and meeting along a striking edge having
a radius of 15 mm0.5 mm (0.590.02 in.). The height of the curbstone anvil shall not
be less than 50 mm (1.97 in.), and the length shall not be less than 200
mm (7.87 in.) (see Figure 13 of this part).
(b) Test Procedure--(1) Instrument system check (precision and
accuracy). The impact-attenuation test instrumentation shall be checked
before and after each series of tests (at least at the beginning and end
of each test day) by dropping a spherical impactor onto an elastomeric
test medium (MEP). The spherical impactor shall be a 146 mm (5.75 in.)
diameter aluminum sphere that is mounted on the ball-arm connector of
the drop assembly. The total mass of the spherical-impactor drop
assembly shall be 5.00.1 kg (11.00.22 lb). The MEP shall be 152 mm (6 in.) in diameter
and 25 mm (1 in.) thick, and shall have a durometer of 602 Shore A. The MEP shall be affixed to the top surface
of a flat 6.35 mm (\1/4\ in.) thick aluminum plate. The geometric center
of the MEP pad shall be aligned with the center vertical axis of the
accelerometer (see paragraph (a)(2) of this section). The impactor shall
be dropped onto the MEP at an impact velocity of 5.44 m/s2%. (Typically, this requires a minimum drop height of
1.50 meters (4.9 ft) plus a height adjustment to account for friction
losses.) Six impacts, at intervals of 7515
seconds, shall be performed at the beginning and end of the test series
(at a minimum at the beginning and end of each test day). The first
three of six impacts shall be considered warm-up drops, and their impact
values shall be discarded from the series. The second three impacts
shall be recorded. All recorded impacts shall fall within the range of
380 g to 425 g. In addition, the difference between the high and low
values of the three recorded impacts shall not be greater than 20 g.
(2) Impact sites. Each of helmets 1 through 4 (one helmet for each
conditioning environment) shall impact at four different sites, with two
impacts on the flat anvil and two impacts on the hemispherical anvil.
The center of any impact may be anywhere on or above the test line,
provided it is at least 120 mm (4.72 in), measured on the surface of the
helmet, from any prior impact center. Each of helmets 5 through 8 (one
helmet for each conditioning environment) shall impact at one site on
the curbstone anvil. The center of the curbstone impacts may be on or
anywhere above the test line. The curbstone anvil may be placed in any
orientation as long as the center of the anvil is aligned with the axis
of the accelerometer. As noted in Sec. 1203.12(d)(1), impact sites, the
order of anvil use (flat and hemispherical), and curbstone anvil sites
and orientation shall be chosen by the test personnel to provide the
most severe test for the helmet. Rivets and other mechanical fasteners,
vents, and any other helmet feature
[[Page 223]]
within the test region are valid test sites.
(3) Impact velocity. The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil
with an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s3% (20.34 ft/
s3%). (Typically, this requires a minimum drop
height of 2 meters (6.56 ft), plus a height adjustment to account for
friction losses.) The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical and
curbstone anvils with an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s3% (15.75 ft/s3%). (Typically,
this requires a minimum drop height of 1.2 meters (3.94 ft), plus a
height adjustment to account for friction losses.) The impact velocity
shall be measured during the last 40 mm (1.57 in) of free-fall for each
test.
(4) Helmet position. Prior to each test, the helmet shall be
positioned on the test headform in accordance with the HPI. The helmet
shall be secured so that it does not shift position prior to impact. The
helmet retention system shall be secured in a manner that does not
interfere with free-fall or impact.
(5) Data. Record the maximum acceleration in g's during impact. See
Subpart C, Sec. 1203.41(b).