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NEW MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS

WITH SCOPE NOTES AND PREVIOUS INDEXING - 2001

Links are to the MeSH Browser.


Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
G06.535.166.310.100
G06.535.166.700.100
IM GEN only; coord NIM with CELL NUCLEUS /metab (IM) + substance /metab (IM)
Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.
XNuclear Export
XNuclear Import
XNuclear Transport
Previous indexing:
Biological Transport (1982-2000)
Cell Nucleus/ME (1982-2000)

Acute Toxicity Tests
E05.940.074
Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.
XToxicity Tests, Acute
Previous indexing:
Toxicity Tests (1995-2000)
specific substance/toxicity (1966-1994)

Adherens Junctions
A11.284.149.165.420.020
Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of MICROFILAMENTS attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.
XZonula Adherens
Previous indexing:
Intercellular Junctions (1984-2000)

Advanced Cardiac Life Support
E02.365.647.110.500
The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrilation and pharmacological therapy.
See related
Heart Arrest
XCardiac Life Support, Advanced
XLife Support, Advanced Cardiac
Previous indexing:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1992-2000)
Resuscitation (1971-1991)

Allelic Imbalance
G05.632.040
do not confuse with ALLELIC LOSS see LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY
A situation where one member (allele) of a gene pair is lost (LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY) or amplified.

alpha-Defensins
D12.644.350.200.050
D24.611.600.200.050
DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS.
Previous indexing:
Anti-Infective Agents (1997-2000)

Amino Acids, Neutral
D12.125.154
Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains.
XNeutral Amino Acids

Animal Use Alternatives
H01.770.644.067
Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used.
Previous indexing:
Animal Testing Alternatives (1985-2000)

Animals, Outbred Strains
B01.030.284
B02.158.284
IM GEN or unspecified; coord NIM with specific animal probably NIM
Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.

Anoikis
G04.335.139.160.060
APOPTOSIS triggered by loss of contact with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.
Previous indexing:
Apoptosis (1994-2000)

Anthrax Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.063
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
XVaccines, Anthrax

Antifreeze Proteins
D12.776.053
GEN or unspecified; prefer specific types
Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role in a variety of organisms.
XAntifreeze Glycoproteins
Previous indexing:
Glycoproteins (1983-2000)
Peptides (1980-1982)

Antifreeze Proteins, Type I
D12.776.053.100
A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kD in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipathic alpha-helix.

Antifreeze Proteins, Type II
D12.776.053.200
A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD.

Antifreeze Proteins, Type III
D12.776.053.350
A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kD in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures.

Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV
D12.776.053.500
A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphathic alpha-helices folded into an antiparallel helix bundle.
Previous indexing:
Glycoproteins (1983-2000)
Peptides (1980-1982)

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
D12.644.350
D24.611.600
Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins.
See related
Blood Bactericidal Activity
XMicrobicidal Cationic Proteins
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1981-2000)

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
E02.319.310.075
IM when general; NIM when with specific drugs
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively supress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.
See related
Anti-HIV Agents
XHAART
XHighly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Previous indexing:
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use (1997-2000)
Drug Therapy, Combination (1997-2000)

Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular
C14.280.484.150.060
A narrowing of the aorta in the region above the aortic valve.
XSupravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Previous indexing:
Aortic Valve Stenosis (1965-2000)

Balloon Occlusion
E02.148.106
E02.520.179
coord IM with dis /ther not /surg
Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.
See related
Balloon Dilatation
Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
Previous indexing:
Balloon Dilatation (1988-2000)
Embolization, Therapeutic (1975-2000)

beta-Defensins
D12.644.350.200.075
D24.611.600.200.075
DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.
Previous indexing:
Proteins (1993-2000)

Bioartificial Organs
E07.858.082.212
Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin.

Bioterrorism
I01.198.240.856.800.100
I01.880.735.900.800.100
The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of bacteria, viruses, or toxins against people, animals, or plants.
See related
Biological Warfare
XBiological Terrorism
Previous indexing:
Biological Warfare (1996-2000)
Violence (1996-2000)

Book Reviews [Publication Type]
used by special data producers only
Critical analyses of books or other monographic works.

Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay
E05.393.525.300
E05.393.661.124
E05.601.300
DF: BDNA ASSAY
A molecular probe technique that utilizes branched DNA (bDNA) as a means to amplify the hybridization signal. One end of the bDNA molecule is designed to bind a specific target, while the other end of the bDNA molecule contains many branches of DNA that are designed to bind a probe used for signal detection.
Previous indexing:
Molecular Probe Techniques (1991-2000)

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
C04.557.470.200.025.380
C04.557.470.615.487
C04.588.274.761.750
coord IM with PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS (IM)
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.
XPancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Previous indexing:
Pancreatic Neoplasms (1966-2000)

Caveolae
A11.284.149.165.175.160
A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.160
Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Caveolae assume various shapes from open pits to closed vesicles. Caveolar coats are composed of CAVEOLINS.
See related
Caveolins
Previous indexing:
Cell Membrane (1971-2000)

Caveolins
D12.776.543.160
The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified.
See related
Caveolae
Previous indexing:
Membrane Proteins (1992-2000)

CCAAT-Binding Factor
D12.776.260.105.249
D12.776.660.167.249
A heterotrimeric DNA-binding protein that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of eukaryotic genes. It is composed of three subunits: A, B and C.
XCCAAT-Binding Factor, A-Subunit
XCCAAT-Binding Factor, B-Subunit
XCCAAT-Binding Factor, C-Subunit
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1988-2000)

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha
D12.776.260.105.500
D12.776.660.167.500
A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER, ADIPOSE TISSUE, INTESTINES, LUNG, ADRENAL GLANDS, PLACENTA, OVARY and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR). Experiments with knock-out mice have demonstrated that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha is essential for the functioning and differentiation of HEPATOCYTES and ADIPOCYTES.
XC-EBP alpha
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1990-2000)
Nuclear Proteins (1990-2000)

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta
D12.776.260.105.750
D12.776.660.167.750
A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER, INTESTINES, LUNG and ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is an important mediator of INTERLEUKIN-6 signaling.
XC-EBP-beta
XLIP Protein
XNF-IL6
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1994-2000)
Nuclear Proteins (1994-2000)

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
D12.776.260.105
D12.776.660.167
GEN: prefer specifics
A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.
XC-EBP Nuclear Protein
XC-EBP Proteins
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1991-2000)
Nuclear Proteins (1991-2000)

CD40 Ligand
D12.776.395.550.185
D12.776.543.550.185
D24.185.101.100.110.280
D24.611.216.301.264.035.280
Membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. It binds to CD40 (ANTIGENS, CD40) on B-cells, inducing B-cell proliferation. Mutation in this protein causes X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA).
See related
Antigens, CD40
XAntigens, CD154
XCD154 Antigens
XCD40L
Previous indexing:
Membrane Glycoproteins (1992-2000)

Cell Membrane Structures
A11.284.149.165
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their structure.

Cell Nucleus Structures
A11.284.170.279
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Structures that are part of or contained in the CELL NUCLEUS.
Previous indexing:
Cell Nucleus/UL (1966-2000)

Cell Surface Extensions
A11.284.180
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface.
XCell Membrane Extensions
XCell Membrane Projections
XCell Membrane Protrusions

Cell-Matrix Junctions
A11.284.149.165.165
Specialized areas at the CELL MEMBRANE where a cell attaches to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX or other substratum.
See related
Cell Adhesion
XCell-Matrix Adhesions
Previous indexing:
Cell Adhesion (1991-2000)
Extracellular Matrix (1991-2000)

Cellular Structures
A11.284
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Components of a cell.

Chills
C23.888.208
The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING.
See related
Shivering
Previous indexing:
Shivering (1977-2000)

Chlamydia muridarum
B03.440.190.190.190.500
infection: coord IM with CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS (IM); index also PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL if pertinent
Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Previous indexing:
Chlamydia trachomatis (1980-2000)

Chlamydophila
B03.440.190.190.230
infection = CHLAMYDOPHILA INFECTIONS
A genus of the family CHLAMYIDACEAE comprising gram-negative non CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-like species infecting vertebrates. Chlamydophila do not produce detectable quantities of glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI.

Chlamydophila Infections
C01.252.400.210.250
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDOPHILA.

Cholera Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.225
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.

Chromosome Structures
A11.284.170.279.190.160
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.
Previous indexing:
Chromosomes/UL (1975-2000)

Chromosomes, Artificial
A11.284.187.178
D13.444.308.460.320.165
coord with specific organism /genet only if particularly discussed; for insertion of the artificial chromosome, coord with GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES
DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.
XArtificial Chromosomes
Previous indexing:
Chromosomes (1992-2000)

Chromosomes, Bacterial Artificial
A11.284.187.178.170
A11.284.187.190.170
D13.444.308.460.320.165.170
coord with specific bacterium /genet only if particularly discussed
DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of othersequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.
XArtificial Chromosomes, Bacterial
XBacterial Artificial Chromosomes
Previous indexing:
Chromosomes, Bacterial (1994-2000)

Chromosomes, Human Artificial
A11.284.187.178.190.117
A11.284.187.480.117
D13.444.308.460.320.165.190.117
coord with specific human chromosome /genet only if particularly discussed
DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.
XArtificial Chromosomes, Human
XHuman Artificial Chromosomes
Previous indexing:
Chromosomes (1992-2000)

Chromosomes, Mammalian Artificial
A11.284.187.178.190
D13.444.308.460.320.165.190
coord with specific animal /genet only if particularly discussed
DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny mammalian cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.
XArtificial Chromosomes, Mammalian
XMammalian Artificial Chromosomes
Previous indexing:
Chromosomes (1994-2000)

Chronobiology Disorders
C10.281
Disruptions of the rhythmic cycle of bodily functions or activities.
XCircadian Rhythm Disorders

Clathrin-Coated Vesicles
A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.170
Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of the protein CLATHRIN. Shortly after formation, however, theclathrin coat is removed and the vesicles are referred to as ENDOSOMES.
Previous indexing:
Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane (1983-1994)
Coated Vesicles (1995-2000)

Communicable Diseases, Emerging
C01.539.221.500
Reporting of new and reemerging infectious diseases and studies that seek to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination.
XInfectious Diseases, Emerging
Previous indexing:
Communicable Diseases (1966-2000)

Complementarity Determining Regions
D12.776.124.486.485.680.600.180
D12.776.124.790.651.596.600.180
D12.776.377.715.548.673.600.180
D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.300
D24.611.125.345.180
D24.611.125.600.662.600.180
D24.611.834.816.824.300
G06.184.580.709.600.040.170
Three regions (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3) of amino acid sequence in the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION that are highly divergent. Together the CDRs from the light and heavy immunoglobulin chains form a surface that is complementary to the antigen. These regions are also present in other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, for example, T-cell receptors (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL).
See related
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
XHypervariable Regions
Previous indexing:
Immunoglobulin Variable Region (1982-2000)

COP-Coated Vesicles
A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.180
TRANSPORT VESICLES formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of COP (coat protein complex) proteins, either COPI or COPII. COPI coated vesicles transport backwards from the cisternae of the GOLGI APPARATUS to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH), while COPII coated vesicles transport forward from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
XCOPI-Coated Vesicles
XCOPII-Coated Vesicles
XCoatomer-Coated Vesicles
Previous indexing:
Coated Vesicles (1995-2000)

Cryptosporidiidae
B01.841.075.189.250.150
infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDA. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM is the most important genus.

Cyclophilin A
D08.586.399.325.500.400.300.500
A 17 KD cytoplasmic PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE involved in immunoregulation. It is a member of the cyclophilin family of proteins that binds to CYCLOSPORINE. EC 5.2.1.-
XPeptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase A
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Isomerases (1984-1997)
Carrier Proteins (1984-1997)
Peptidylprolyl Isomerase (1998-2000)

Cyclophilins
D08.586.399.325.500.400.300
D12.776.543.750.705.400.300
D12.776.827.275.300
D24.611.834.400.300
A family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that bind to CYCLOSPORINS and regulate the IMMUNE SYSTEM. EC 5.2.1.-
XCyclophilin
XCyclosporin-Binding Proteins
Previous indexing:
Amino Acid Isomerases (1984-1997)
Peptidylprolyl Isomerase (1998-2000)

Cyclospora
B01.841.075.189.250.250.200
infection = CYCLOSORIASIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A genus of coccidian parasites in the family EIMERIIDAE. Cyclospora cayetanensis is pathogenic in humans, probably transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and causes nausea and diarrhea.
Previous indexing:
Eucoccidiida (1990-2000)

Cyclosporiasis
C03.752.250.280
/drug ther: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS
Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus CYCLOSPORA. It is distributed globally and causes a diarrheal illness. Transmission is waterborne.
Previous indexing:
Coccidiosis (1993-2000)

Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.120
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1974-2000)

Cytoplasmic Structures
A11.284.195.190
GEN: avoid; prefer specifics
Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL.

Cytoplasmic Vesicles
A11.284.195.190.875.190
Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism.

Defensins
D12.644.350.200
D24.611.600.200
Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections,inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity. Based on the disulfide pairing of their characteristic six cysteine residues, they are divided into ALPHA-DEFENSINS and BETA-DEFENSINS.
Previous indexing:
Blood Proteins (1985-1998)
Proteins (1998-2000)

Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
D24.310.894.135.310
D24.310.894.691.263.310
D24.310.894.691.824.310
D24.310.894.815.320
DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES and DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE are also available
A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.
XDT Vaccine
Previous indexing:
Diphtheria Toxoid (1983-2000)
Drug Combinations (1983-1995)
Tetanus Toxoid (1983-2000)
Vaccines, Combined (1994-2000)

Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.290
D24.310.894.135.535.295
D24.310.894.691.263.290
D24.310.894.691.824.290
D24.310.894.815.149
D24.310.894.860.900.267
DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS VACCINE and DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE are also available
Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID, TETANUS TOXOID, and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purifed antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines.
XDTaP Vaccines
Previous indexing:
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (1996-2000)

Discrete Subaortic Stenosis
C14.280.484.150.070.210
An anatomic alteration in the mitral valve apparatus and interventricular septum leading to obstruction of left ventricular outflow. (from Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;14(3):296-303)
XSubaortic Stenosis, Discrete
Previous indexing:
Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular (1986-2000)
Aortic Valve Stenosis (1972-2000)

DNA, Catalytic
D08.586.165
D08.586.913.696.445.735.265
D13.444.308.243
Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity.
XDeoxyribozymes
Previous indexing:
DNA, Single-Stranded (1997-2000)

DNA, Intergenic
D13.444.308.324
G05.331.599.110.275
G06.184.599.110.220
note that DNA, RIBOSOMAL SPACER is available
Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.
XDNA, Junk
XDNA, Spacer
XIntergenic DNA
XJunk DNA
XSpacer DNA
Previous indexing:
Base Sequence (1983-2000)
DNA or specifics (1984-2000)

DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
D13.444.308.324.230
D13.444.308.475.230
DNA, RIBOSOMAL and DNA, SPACER see DNA, INTERGENIC are also available
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
XRibosomal Spacer DNA
Previous indexing:
DNA, Ribosomal (1984-2000)
RNA, Ribosomal (1984-2000)

Eimeriida
B01.841.075.189.250
infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
An order of parasitic PROTOZOA in the class COCCICIDA. Families include CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, EIMERIIDAE, and SARCOCYSTIDAE.

Eimeriidae
B01.841.075.189.250.250
infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A large family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDA. They cause COCCIDIOSIS in a number of vertebrates including humans.
Previous indexing:
Coccidia (1980-2000)

Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac
E01.370.370.380.245
E01.370.405.267
Invasive procedures whereby tachyarrhythmias (TACHYCARDIA), induced or spontaneous, are mapped via heart catheterization techniques for the investigation of electrical activities in the heart. In addition to diagnostic purposes, the techniques of intracardiac programmed electrostimulation are used therapeutically.
XCardiac Electrophysiologic Techniques
XElectrophysiologic Study, Cardiac
XProgrammed Electrostimulation
Previous indexing:
Electrophysiology (1970-2000)

Endpoint Determination
E05.091.284
Establishment of the level of a quantifiable effect indicative of a biologic process. The evaluation is frequently to detect the degree of toxic or therapeutic effect.
XEndpoint Assay
Previous indexing:
Biological Assay (1980-2000)

Enterobacter aerogenes
B03.440.450.425.275.099
infection: coord IM with ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTIONS (IM)
Gram-negative, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature. Both motile and non-motile strains exist. The species is closely related to KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE and is frequently associated with nosocomial infections
See related
Klebsiella pneumoniae
XAerobacter aerogenes
XKlebsiella aerogenes
Previous indexing:
Enterobacter (1966-1991)
Klebsiella pneumoniae (1992-2000)

Enterocytozoon
B01.841.500.500.500.100.200
infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family Enterocytozoonidae, which infects humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been found in the intestines of patients with AIDS.
Previous indexing:
Microsporida (1992-2000)

Escherichia coli Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.390
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat both enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections.
XE coli Vaccines
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1971-2000)

Euchromatin
A11.284.170.279.190.160.180.270
D12.776.664.224.270
Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.
Previous indexing:
Chromatin (1971-2000)

Evaluation Studies [Publication Type]
Studies determining the effectiveness or utility of processes, personnel, and equipment.
See related
Clinical Trial [Publication Type]
Validation Studies [Publication Type]

Family Nursing
G02.478.676.218
The provision of care involving the nursing process, to families and family members in health and illness situations. From Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. 6th ed.
Previous indexing:
Family Health (1991-2000)
Nursing Care (1991-2000)

Fictional Works [Publication Type]
Creative writing, not presented as factual.
XFiction [Publication Type]

Flank Pain
C23.888.646.451
Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM.
Previous indexing:
Pain (1966-2000)

Focal Adhesions
A11.284.149.165.165.285
An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of MICROFILAMENTS terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.
See related
Cell Adhesion
XAdhesion Plaques
XCell-Matrix Adherens Junctions
XFocal Contacts
Previous indexing:
Cell Adhesion (1986-2000)
Extracellular Matrix (1986-2000)

Gene Order
G05.265
The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.
See related
Linkage (Genetics)
Previous indexing:
Chromosome Mapping (1965-2000)

Gene Transfer, Horizontal
G05.825.390
note category: do not confuse with GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES
The transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. This may lead to a permanent change of the organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC) .
XHorizontal Gene Transfer

Genomics
G01.273.343.500
The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.
See related
Computational Biology
Human Genome Project
Sequence Analysis, DNA

Glasgow Outcome Scale
E05.318.308.940.968.875.260
E05.944.510
L01.280.900.968.875.260
N04.452.859.564.800.260
N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.335
A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social funtioning.
Previous indexing:
Glasgow Coma Scale (1990-2000)
Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) (1981-1989)

Government Publications [Publication Type]
used by special data producers only
Documents issued by local, regional, or national governments or by their agencies or subdivisions.
XGovernment Documents [Publication Type]

Hemidesmosomes
A11.284.149.165.165.360
An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate, similar in morphology to halves of DESMOSOMES. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS bind on the cytoplasmic face to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, via intracellular attachment proteins, while theextracellular domain of the integrins binds to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
Desmosomes (1972-2000)

Hepatitis A Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.955.395
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).
Previous indexing:
Viral Hepatitis Vaccines (1987-2000)

Hepatocytes
A11.436.348
The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
XHepatic Cells
XLiver Cells
Previous indexing:
Liver (1966-2000)

Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome
C11.270.055.400
C15.378.100.685.400
C15.378.140.735.400
C15.378.463.735.400
C16.131.410.040.100.400
C17.800.621.440.102.100.400
C17.800.827.130.100.400
C18.452.648.066.102.100.400
Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS), PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY, and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.
Previous indexing:
Albinism, Oculocutaneous (1990-2000)

Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.290.400
coord IM with specific simplexvirus /immunol (IM)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with viruses from the genus SIMPLEXVIRUS. This includes vaccines for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
XHSV Vaccines
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1973-2000)

Herpesvirus 4, Equid
B04.280.382.100.900.500
B04.909.204.382.100.900.500
infection: coord IM with HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
A species of VARICELLOVIRUS and the chief cause of rhinopneumonitis in horses.
XEquine Herpesvirus 4
XEquine Rhinopneumonitis Virus
Previous indexing:
Herpesviridae (1965-1990)
Herpesvirus 1, Equid (1991-1993)
Varicellovirus (1994-2000)

Herpesvirus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.290
coord IM with specific herpesvirus /immunol (IM) but note specifics
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1965-2000)

History of Medicine, 21st Cent.
K01.419.552.550.510
NIM; no qualif; check tag when not point of article; DF: HIST MED 21ST CENT or 21 CENT
Events and developments in medicine during the 100 year period following the 20th century.
X21st Cent. History
X21st Cent. History (Medicine)
X21st Cent. Medicine
XMedicine, 21st Cent.

Hyperammonemia
C18.452.413
Metabolic disorder characterized by elevated level of ammonia in blood.
Previous indexing:
Ammonia (1966-2000)

Imaging, Three-Dimensional
E01.370.350.400
for analysis of images use IMAGE ANALYSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic or photographic methods. For example three 3-dimensional images can be generated by assemblingmultiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAMS) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
XComputer-Assisted Three-Dimensional Imaging
XImaging, Three-Dimensional, Computer Assisted

Isosporiasis
C03.752.250.410
/drug ther: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS
Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus ISOSPORA, producing intestinal disease. It is caused by ingestion of oocysts and can produce tissue cysts.
Previous indexing:
Coccidiosis (1978-2000)

Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus
B04.820.650.815.450
A type-D retrovirus that causes pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE).
Previous indexing:
Retroviridae (1983-2000)
Retroviruses, Type D (1989-2000)

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.320
vaccines to prevent infections caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE only, not ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE).
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1966-2000)

Lacerations
C21.866.540
Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.
Previous indexing:
Wounds and Injuries (1966-2000)

Ligase Chain Reaction
E05.393.620.311
A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probesto target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured.
See related
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Previous indexing:
Gene Amplification (1980-2000)

Liquid Ventilation
E02.880.820.525
/instrum: consider also VENTILATORS, MECHANICAL
Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.
See related
Fluorocarbons
Ventilators, Mechanical
XTotal Liquid Ventilation
Previous indexing:
Respiration, Artificial (1974-2000)

Local Lymph Node Assay
E01.370.750.450
E01.450.495.750.450
The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an alternative method for the identification of chemicals that have the ability to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Endpoints have been established so fewer animals are requiredand less painful procedures are used.

Lyme Disease Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.492
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent LYME DISEASE.
XVaccines, Lyme Disease
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1992-2000)

Management Service Organizations
N04.452.758.372
Voluntarily-formed groups of healthcare professionals who join for common management servicxes and other benefits such as collective bargaining agreements withreinbursement agents. The physical assets of a practice are controlled by the MSO which also provides billing, collections, and similar services. The practitioner retains control of patient records and management of patient care.

Marek Disease Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.290.500
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent MAREK DISEASE, an avian disease caused by a herpesvirus.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1970-2000)

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
D24.310.894.815.500
D24.310.894.899.390
D24.310.894.899.404.500
D24.310.894.899.488.500
D24.310.894.899.779.500
A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES, MUMPS, and RUBELLA.
XMMR Vaccine
Previous indexing:
Drug Combinations (1986-1995)
Measles Vaccine (1986-2000)
Mumps Vaccine (1986-2000)
Rubella Vaccine (1986-2000)

Membrane Microdomains
A11.284.149.165.570
Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.
XLipid Rafts, Cell Membrane
Previous indexing:
Cell Membrane (1981-2000)

Meningococcal Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.500
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1965-2000)

Microsporidia, Unclassified
B01.841.500.520
index here if author uses the term microsporidium or "unclassifed microsporidia"; index MICROSPORIDIA see MICROSPORA if author uses "microsporidia" as a general term for the phylum; infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan term (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
Includes newly defined organisms as well as some that will never be classified to the genus and/or species level because of loss of the specimen or other information.
XMicrosporidium

Microtubule-Organizing Center
A11.284.195.190.750.585
DF: MTOC
An amorphous region of electron dense material in the cytoplasm from which the MICROTUBULES polymerization is nucleated. The pericentriolar region of the CENTROSOME which surrounds the CENTRIOLES is an example.
Previous indexing:
Microtubules (1973-2000)

Models, Animal
E05.598
Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.
XExperimental Animal Models
XLaboratory Animal Models

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
C04.182.394.590
C12.740.700.629
C12.777.419.413.400
C13.371.820.700.558
C16.131.939.629
X ref MULTICYSTIC KIDNEY: do not confuse with POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES
A severe form of dysplasia where the kidney typically appears as a bunch of grapes without a reniform configuration or calyceal drainage system. It occurs in-utero and is the most common form of nongenetic renal cystic disease.
Previous indexing:
Polycystic Kidney Diseases (1966-2000)

Myeloid Cells
A11.118.835
A11.148.378.590.590
A15.145.229.698
A15.378.316.378.590.590
Cells which include the MONOCYTES and the GRANULOCYTES.

Myeloid Progenitor Cells
A11.118.835.635
A11.148.378.590
A11.872.378.590
A15.145.229.698.635
A15.378.316.378.590
One of the two stem cells derived from HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS - the other being the lymphoid progenitor cell. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS and the MYELOID CELLS (MONOCYTES and GRANULOCYTES).
XStem Cells, Myeloid
Previous indexing:
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1978-2000)

Nuclear Pore
A11.284.170.279.692.630
An opening through the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE formed by the nuclear pore complex which transports nuclear proteins or RNA into or out of the CELL NUCLEUS and which, under some conditions, acts as an ion channel.
Previous indexing:
Cell Nucleus (1970-1976)
Nuclear Membrane (1977-2000)

Nuclease Protection Assays
E05.393.600
Techniques for measuring specific nucleic acid interaction with another nucleicacid or with a protein by digestion of the non-interacting nucleic acid by various nucleases. After all non-interacting regions are eliminated by nuclease digestion, the protected nucleic acid that remains is analyzed. DNA FOOTPRINTING utilizes this technique to analyze the DNA contact sites of DNA-BINDING PROTEINS.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
E05.393.620
Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one orginal template.
XDNA Amplification Techniques
XRNA Amplification Techniques
Previous indexing:
Gene Amplification (1980-2000)

Oxazolidinones
D03.383.548.600
Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.
X1,3-Oxazolidin-2-one
XOxazolidin-2-one
Previous indexing:
Oxazoles (1995-2000)

Palate, Hard
A02.835.232.781.324.502.660
A14.521.658.660
A14.549.617.660
The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.
XHard Palate
XPalatine Bone
Previous indexing:
Palate (1966-2000)

Parainfluenza Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.500
coord IM with specific parainfluenza virus /immunol (IM)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1964-2000)

Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
E05.337.550.600
G01.273.688.750
IM when general; NIM with specific drug (IM) & specific parasite (IM); MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS is also available
Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.
Previous indexing:
Parasitology (1967-2000)

Placental Circulation
G09.330.163.749
DF: PLACENTAL CIRC
The circulation of blood, of both the mother and the fetus, through the placenta.
XCirculation, Fetoplacental
XCirculation, Placental
XCirculation, Uteroplacental
XFetoplacental Circulation
XUteroplacental Circulation
Previous indexing:
Maternal-Fetal Exchange (1968-1994)
Placenta/blood supply (1966-2000)

Pleistophora
B01.841.500.500.500.100.650
infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protoxoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family Pleistophoridae that infects humans.
Previous indexing:
Apicomplexa (1971-1992)
Microsporida (1993-2000)
Protozoa (1968-1980)

Pneumococcal Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.630
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
XPneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1965-2000)

Poliovirus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.623
Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).

Protein Footprinting
E05.196.700.690
E05.393.760.705.685.690
A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cuttingreaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.
XFootprints, Protein

Protein Sorting Signals
D12.644.770
G05.331.599.056.670
G06.184.599.056.670
Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.
See related
Protein Transport
Signal Recognition Particle
XLeader Signal Peptides

Protein Subunits
D12.776.813
Single chains of amino acids that are the units of a multimeric protein. They can be identical or non-identical subunits.
Previous indexing:
Protein Conformation (1972-2000)

Protein Transport
G06.535.166.700
coord NIM with specific protein/metab (IM) or /pharmacokin (IM)
The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.
XGated Protein Transport
XProtein Translocation
XTransmembrane Protein Transport
XVesicular Protein Transport
Previous indexing:
Biological Transport (1964-2000)
Proteins/metabolism (1964-2000)

Pseudorabies Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.632
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PSEUDORABIES (Aujeszky's disease), a herpesvirus of swine and other animals.
Previous indexing:
Vaccines, Attenuated (1978-1993)
Viral Vaccines (1971-2000)

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
G06.184.872.500
G12.869.500
H01.181.122.768.500
H01.181.466.685.500
DF:QSAR
A quantitative prediction of the biological, ecotoxicological or pharmaceutical activity of a molecule. It is based upon structure and activity information gathered from a series of similar compounds.
XStructure Activity Relationship, Quantitiative
Previous indexing:
Structure-Activity Relationship (1972-2000)

Radiation Hybrid Mapping
E05.393.183.620.405
A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.
XRadiation Hybrid Maps
XRadiation Hybrids
Previous indexing:
Chromosome Mapping (1968-1998)
Physical Chromosome Mapping (1999-2000)

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3
D12.776.543.750.600.300.300.340.900
D12.776.543.750.720.300.300.300.400
DF: RECEPT ADREN BETA 3
A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). beta-3 Adrenergic receptors are the predominant beta-adrenergic receptor type expressed in white and brown ADIPOCYTES and are involved in modulating ENERGY METABOLISM and THERMOGENESIS.
XAdrenergic beta-3 Receptors
XReceptors, beta-3 Adrenergic
Xbeta-3 Adrenergic Receptors
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta (1977-2000)

Receptors, Interleukin-8A
D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.825
D24.185.101.100.110.782
D24.611.216.301.264.035.782
D24.611.834.852.125.825
DF: IL8RA
High-affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils.
XAntigens, CDw128a
XCDw128a Antigens
XCXCR1 Protein
XCXCR1 Receptors
XIL-8A Receptors
XInterleukin-8A Receptors
XReceptors, CXCR1
Previous indexing:
Antigens, CD (1993-2000)
Receptors, Immunologic (1989-1993)
Receptors, Interleukin (1994-2000)

Receptors, Interleukin-8B
D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.426
DF: IL8RB
Low-affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and T-cells. These receptors also bind GRO and NAP-2.
XAntigens, CDw128b
XCDw128b Antigens
XCXCR2 Protein
XCXCR2 Receptors
XInterleukin-8B Receptors
XReceptors, CXCR2
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Chemokine (1997-2000)
Receptors, Interleukin (1994-2000)

Recognition (Psychology)
F02.463.425.540.706
The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered.
XFamiliarity

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.730
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES.
XRSV Vaccines
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1966-2000)

Ribotyping
E05.200.875.150.125.765
E05.393.290.765
RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Typing Techniques (1991-2000)
DNA, Ribosomal (1992-2000)
RNA, Ribosomal (1991-2000)

RNA Splice Sites
D13.444.735.544.520
G05.331.599.110.805
G06.184.599.110.805
Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of exons and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by the SPLICESOME. They are joined during the RNA SPLICING reaction, forming the junctions between exons.
XSplice Acceptor Site
XSplice Donor Site
Previous indexing:
RNA Splicing (1982-2000)

RNA, Messenger, Stored
D13.444.735.544.527
do not confuse with RNA, UNTRANSLATED; DF: STORED MRNA
Messenger RNA that is stored in a masked state for translation at a later time. Distinguish from RNA, UNTRANSLATED which refers to non-messenger RNA, i.e. RNA that does not code for protein.
XMasked Messenger RNA
XMaternal Messenger RNA
XPaternal Messenger RNA
XRNA, Messenger, Masked
XRNA, Messenger, Maternal
XRNA, Messenger, Paternal
XStored Messenger RNA
Previous indexing:
RNA, Messenger (1966-2000)

RNA, Untranslated
D13.444.735.790
GEN: prefer specifics; do not confuse with RNA, MESSENGER, STORED
RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated they are not included here.

Rotavirus Vaccines
D24.310.894.899.760
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1979-2000)

Safe Sex
F01.145.792.845
Sex behavior that prevents or decreases the spread of sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy.
See related
Sex Education
XProtected Sex
XResponsible Sex
Previous indexing:
Sex Behavior (1966-2000)

Salmonella Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.685
coord IM with specific Salmonella species /immunol (IM) but note TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES is also available
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.
XVaccines, Salmonella
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1968-2000)

Sarcocystidae
B01.841.075.189.250.750
infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDAE. They form tissue-cysts in their intermediate hosts, ultimately leading to pathogenesis in the final hosts that includes various mammals (including humans) and birds. The most important genera include NEOSPORA, SARCOCYSTIS, and TOXOPLASMA.

Scaphoid Bone
A02.835.232.087.144.650
The bone which is located most lateral in the proximal row of CARPAL BONES.
XNavicular Bone of Hand
Previous indexing:
Carpal Bones (1972-2000)
Wrist (1966-1971)
Wrist Joint (1966-1971)

Scedosporium
B05.354.381.785
infection: coord IM with probably MADUROMYCOSIS (IM) or other mycosis (IM)
A mitosporic fungal genus previously called Monosporium. Teleomorphs include PSEUDALLESCHERIA.
Previous indexing:
Mitosporic Fungi (1981-2000)
Pseudallescheria (1982-2000)

Sea Bream
B02.493.602.650
A species of PERCIFORMES commonly used in saline aquaculture.
XSparus aurata
Previous indexing:
Fishes (1967-1986)
Perciformes (1987-2000)

Secretory Vesicles
A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.810
for zymogen granules coord with ENZYME PRECURSORS + specific enzyme
Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.
XSecretory Granules
XZymogen Granules
Previous indexing:
Cytoplasmic Granules (1976-2000)

Self-Sustained Sequence Replication
E05.393.620.374
DF:NASBA
An isothermal in-vitro nucleotide amplification process. The process involves the concomitant action of a RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE, a ribonuclease (RIBONUCLEASES), and a DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE to synthesize large quantities of sequence-specific RNA and DNA molecules.
XNucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
E01.370.388.100.580
E01.450.230.100.580
E01.450.865.100.580
E04.074.580
E04.446.819
A diagnostic procedure used to determine whether LYMPHATIC METASTASIS has occurred. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive drainage from a neoplasm.
See related
Lymphatic Metastasis
XBiopsy, Sentinel Lymph Node
XLymph Node Biopsy, Sentinel
Previous indexing:
Biopsy (1966-2000)

Shiga Toxin
D24.185.926.123.794.500
D24.185.926.330.575.500
SHIGA TOXINS is available
A toxin produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. It is the protype of class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS.
See related
Shigella dysenteriae
XStx Protein, Shigella dysenteria
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Toxins (1980-2000)

Shiga Toxins
D24.185.926.123.794
D24.185.926.330.575
SHIGA TOXIN is also available
A class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction ofribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS. They include SHIGA TOXIN which is produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE and a variety of shiga-like toxins that are produced by pathologic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157.
See related
Dysentery
XVero Toxin
XVero Toxins
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Toxins (1980-2000)

Shiga-Like Toxin I
D24.185.926.123.794.100
D24.185.926.330.575.249
A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It is closely related to SHIGA TOXIN produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE.
See related
Escherichia coli O157
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Toxins (1980-2000)

Shiga-Like Toxin II
D24.185.926.123.794.124
D24.185.926.330.575.124
A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It is shares 50-60% homology with SHIGA TOXIN and SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN I.
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Toxins (1980-2000)

Shigella Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.720
coord IM with specific Shigella species /immunol (IM)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.
See related
Shigella dysenteriae
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1967-2000)

Skin Irritancy Tests
E05.940.074.500
Tests or bioassays that measure the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals.

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
E05.196.867.877.600
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporationof solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsionwithin the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
XESI Mass Spectrometry
XElectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Previous indexing:
Spectrum Analysis, Mass (1985-2000)

Streptococcal Vaccines
D24.310.894.135.750
coord IM with specific Streptococcus species /immunol (IM)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.
Previous indexing:
Bacterial Vaccines (1970-2000)

Stress Fibers
A11.284.195.190.750.510.830
Bundles of actin filaments (MICROFILAMENTS) and myosin-II that span across the cell attaching to the cell membrane at FOCAL ADHESIONS and to the network of INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS that surrounds the nucleus.
Previous indexing:
Actins (1978-2000)
Cytoskeleton (1978-2000)

Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A
D08.586.399.325.500.400.700.500
D12.776.543.750.705.400.700.500
D12.776.827.275.700.500
D24.611.834.400.700.500
A 12 KD tacrolimus binding protein that is found associated with and may modulate the function of calcium release channels. It is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase which is inhibtied by both tacrolimus (commonly called FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.-
XFK506-Binding Protein 1A
XFKBP12
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1991-1998)
DNA-Binding Proteins (1991-1998)
Heat-Shock Proteins (1991-1998)
Immunophilins (1999-2000)

Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
D08.586.399.325.500.400.700
D12.776.543.750.705.400.700
D12.776.827.275.700
D24.611.834.400.700
A family of immunophilin proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drugs TACROLIMUS (also known as FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.-
XFK506 Binding Protein
XFK506 Binding Proteins
XRapamycin Binding Proteins
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1991-1998)
DNA-Binding Proteins (1991-1998)
Heat-Shock Proteins (1991-1998)
Immunophilins (1999-2000)

Terrorism
I01.198.240.856.800
I01.880.735.900.800
The use of force or VIOLENCE against persons or property in violation of criminal laws for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom.
Previous indexing:
Violence (1976-2000)

Textbooks [Publication Type]
used by special data producers only
Books intended for use in the study of specific subjects, containing systematic presentation of the principles and essential knowledge of the subjects.

Thermogenesis
G07.315.232.778
G07.621.265.500
The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids contained within brown adipose tissue and SHIVERING are examples of thermogenesis in MAMMALS.
XHeat Production
Previous indexing:
Body Temperature Regulation (1966-2000)

trans-Golgi Network
A11.284.195.190.875.336.850
A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane.
Xtrans-Golgi Region
Previous indexing:
Golgi Apparatus (1986-2000)

Transfusion-Transmitted Virus
B04.280.910
B04.909.204.910
B04.970.910
a specific virus, not any virus transmitted by transfusion; infection: coord IM with DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
An unclassified, non-enveloped DNA virus associated with transfusions and hepatitis. However, no etiological role has been found for TTV in hepatitis, and evidence suggests it is not a HEPATOVIRUS.
XTT Virus
Previous indexing:
DNA Viruses (1998-2000)
Hepatitis Viruses (1998-1999)

Transplantation Tolerance
G04.610.484.955
An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.
See related
Graft Survival
XGraft Tolerance
Previous indexing:
Immune Tolerance (1967-2000)

Transport Vesicles
A11.284.195.190.875.190.880
Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.
See related
Biological Transport
XEndocytic Vesicles
Previous indexing:
Biological Transport (1989-2000)

Trihalomethanes
D02.455.526.913
Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.
Previous indexing:
Freons (1984-2000)

Unpublished Works [Publication Type]
used by special data producers only
Works that have not been formally published.
XUnpublished Documents [Publication Type]

Vaccines, Acellular
D24.310.894.860.900
IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.

Vaccines, Contraceptive
D24.310.894.818
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.
See related
Contraception, Immunologic
XContraceptive Vaccines
Previous indexing:
Contraception, Immunologic (1977-2000)
Vaccines (1977-2000)

Vaccines, Edible
D12.776.828.868.915
D24.310.894.860.915
D24.310.894.865.915
D24.611.216.865.915
IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.
See related
Plants, Transgenic

Vaccines, Marker
D24.310.894.845
IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
Vaccines used in conjunction with diagnostic tests to differentiate vaccinated animals from carrier animals. Marker vaccines can be either a subunit or a gene-deleted vaccine.
XMarker Vaccines

Vaccines, Subunit
D24.310.894.860
IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.
XPeptide Vaccines
XVaccines, Peptide
Previous indexing:
Vaccines, Synthetic (1978-2000)

Vaccines, Virosome
D12.776.828.868.940
D24.310.894.865.940
D24.611.216.865.940
IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM)
Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.
See related
Virosomes

Validation Studies [Publication Type]
The processes by which the reliability and relevance of a procedure for a specific purpose are established.
See related
Clinical Trial [Publication Type]

Virosomes
D26.664.255.260.900
D27.720.280.260.900
H01.181.529.530.900
when used as a vehicle in drug ther, index specific drug /admin (IM) + VIROSOMES (NIM without qualif)
Semi-synthetic complex derived from nucleic-acid free viral particles. They areessentially reconstituted viral coats, where the infectious nucleocapsid is replaced by a compound of choice. Virosomes retain their fusogenic activity and thus deliver the incorporated compound (antigens, drugs, genes) inside the target cell. They can be used for vaccines (VACCINES, VIROSOME), drug delivery, or gene transfer.
See related
Vaccines, Virosome
Previous indexing:
Liposomes (1975-2000)

Vittaforma
B01.841.500.500.500.100.900
infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent
A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family nosematidae that infects humans. Vittaforma corneae has been isolated from AIDS patients.
XNosema corneum
Previous indexing:
Microsporida (1995-2000)

Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
E05.337.550.200.900
E05.624.850
In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectivness.
XTumor Xenograft Assay
XXenograft Antitumor Assays

Yellow Fever Vaccine
D24.310.894.899.970
Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
Previous indexing:
Viral Vaccines (1965-2000)

Zygapophyseal Joint
A02.835.583.979
The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebra.
XFacet Joint
Previous indexing:
Joints (1966-2000)


Last updated: 22 January 2001
First published: 22 January 2001
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