The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 0 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -2955 May 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1675 Jun 29. The total duration of Saros series 0 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2955 May 23 01:44:25 TD
Last Eclipse = -1675 Jun 29 03:37:03 TD
Duration of Saros 0 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 0 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 0 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 21 | 29.2% |
| Annular | A | 49 | 68.1% |
| Total | T | 1 | 1.4% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 0 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 0 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 51 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 48 | 94.1% |
| Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 0: 11P 1T 1H 4A 3P 45A 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 0 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: -2757 Sep 19 Duration = 00m21s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: -2757 Sep 19 Duration = 00m21s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: -1982 Dec 28 Duration = 11m38s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: -2721 Oct 11 Duration = 00m09s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -2739 Sep 30 Duration = 00m07s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -2739 Sep 30 Duration = 00m07s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -2775 Sep 08 Magnitude = 0.9842
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -1675 Jun 29 Magnitude = 0.0493
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 0 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 000 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 -2955 May 23 01:44:25 70339 -61281 Pb -1.4703 0.1118 70.1S 132.2E 0 314
02 -36 -2937 Jun 03 09:07:56 69808 -61058 P -1.4035 0.2421 69.4S 6.5E 0 326
03 -35 -2919 Jun 13 16:32:41 69280 -60835 P -1.3378 0.3695 68.5S 119.1W 0 338
04 -34 -2901 Jun 25 00:03:05 68753 -60612 P -1.2770 0.4869 67.6S 114.6E 0 349
05 -33 -2883 Jul 05 07:37:34 68229 -60389 P -1.2196 0.5967 66.6S 12.3W 0 360
06 -32 -2865 Jul 16 15:19:07 67707 -60166 P -1.1685 0.6936 65.6S 140.5W 0 10
07 -31 -2847 Jul 26 23:06:29 67186 -59943 P -1.1225 0.7795 64.6S 90.3E 0 20
08 -30 -2829 Aug 07 07:02:27 66668 -59720 P -1.0841 0.8503 63.7S 40.7W 0 30
09 -29 -2811 Aug 17 15:05:47 66151 -59497 P -1.0523 0.9078 62.8S 173.2W 0 40
10 -28 -2793 Aug 28 23:16:24 65637 -59274 P -1.0270 0.9528 62.1S 52.8E 0 49
11 -27 -2775 Sep 08 07:34:39 65125 -59051 P -1.0086 0.9842 61.4S 82.9W 0 59
12 -26 -2757 Sep 19 15:59:44 64614 -58828 Ts -0.9967 1.0054 60.2S 143.9E 2 64 - 00m21s
13 -25 -2739 Sep 30 00:31:07 64106 -58605 H -0.9905 1.0018 58.6S 13.9E 7 66 52 00m07s
14 -24 -2721 Oct 11 09:06:18 63600 -58382 A -0.9882 0.9977 59.2S 123.2W 8 73 58 00m09s
15 -23 -2703 Oct 21 17:45:46 63095 -58159 A -0.9900 0.9935 60.6S 95.1E 7 83 183 00m24s
16 -22 -2685 Nov 02 02:26:47 62593 -57936 A -0.9939 0.9895 61.7S 50.4W 5 96 433 00m36s
17 -21 -2667 Nov 12 11:08:00 62093 -57713 A- -0.9987 0.9903 61.1S 158.8E 0 114 - -
18 -20 -2649 Nov 23 19:47:11 61594 -57490 P -1.0027 0.9821 61.6S 18.0E 0 124
19 -19 -2631 Dec 04 04:23:27 61098 -57267 P -1.0050 0.9771 62.3S 122.2W 0 133
20 -18 -2613 Dec 15 12:54:06 60604 -57044 P -1.0034 0.9792 63.1S 98.8E 0 143
21 -17 -2595 Dec 25 21:17:52 60111 -56821 As -0.9971 0.9799 65.0S 37.7W 1 152 - 01m02s
22 -16 -2576 Jan 06 05:33:44 59621 -56598 A -0.9852 0.9817 73.3S 165.9W 9 155 426 01m00s
23 -15 -2558 Jan 16 13:41:02 59133 -56375 A -0.9676 0.9829 79.8S 59.8E 14 165 254 00m58s
24 -14 -2540 Jan 27 21:36:58 58646 -56152 A -0.9413 0.9843 86.0S 101.3W 19 205 170 00m56s
25 -13 -2522 Feb 07 05:23:18 58162 -55929 A -0.9082 0.9855 83.5S 45.2E 24 299 125 00m55s
26 -12 -2504 Feb 18 12:58:12 57680 -55706 A -0.8666 0.9867 75.8S 91.8W 30 319 95 00m54s
27 -11 -2486 Feb 28 20:24:12 57200 -55483 A -0.8189 0.9876 67.5S 145.9E 35 326 76 00m54s
28 -10 -2468 Mar 11 03:37:45 56721 -55260 A -0.7619 0.9883 58.6S 29.2E 40 330 64 00m55s
29 -09 -2450 Mar 22 10:44:07 56245 -55037 A -0.7001 0.9884 49.8S 84.5W 45 333 57 01m00s
30 -08 -2432 Apr 01 17:40:21 55771 -54814 A -0.6305 0.9881 40.6S 164.7E 51 336 54 01m06s
31 -07 -2414 Apr 13 00:30:50 55299 -54591 A -0.5572 0.9872 31.6S 55.8E 56 338 54 01m17s
32 -06 -2396 Apr 23 07:13:22 54828 -54368 A -0.4782 0.9857 22.5S 50.7W 61 341 57 01m32s
33 -05 -2378 May 04 13:53:19 54360 -54145 A -0.3978 0.9837 13.7S 156.1W 66 343 63 01m52s
34 -04 -2360 May 14 20:28:58 53894 -53922 A -0.3146 0.9810 5.2S 100.0E 72 345 71 02m16s
35 -03 -2342 May 26 03:03:49 53430 -53699 A -0.2314 0.9778 3.0N 3.1W 77 348 81 02m44s
36 -02 -2324 Jun 05 09:38:13 52968 -53476 A -0.1486 0.9740 10.6N 105.4W 82 351 94 03m15s
37 -01 -2306 Jun 16 16:15:31 52508 -53253 Am -0.0688 0.9698 17.5N 152.4E 86 355 109 03m46s
38 00 -2288 Jun 26 22:55:37 52049 -53030 A 0.0078 0.9651 23.6N 50.5E 89 179 126 04m16s
39 01 -2270 Jul 08 05:40:04 51593 -52807 A 0.0800 0.9601 28.6N 51.5W 85 183 145 04m45s
40 02 -2252 Jul 18 12:30:36 51139 -52584 A 0.1465 0.9550 32.4N 154.2W 81 189 166 05m12s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 -2234 Jul 29 19:28:11 50687 -52361 A 0.2067 0.9497 34.8N 102.1E 78 194 189 05m38s
42 04 -2216 Aug 09 02:33:09 50237 -52138 A 0.2599 0.9445 35.8N 3.1W 75 199 212 06m03s
43 05 -2198 Aug 20 09:46:37 49789 -51915 A 0.3055 0.9393 35.4N 110.7W 72 204 236 06m29s
44 06 -2180 Aug 30 17:08:50 49342 -51692 A 0.3432 0.9345 33.9N 139.1E 70 208 259 06m56s
45 07 -2162 Sep 11 00:40:12 48898 -51469 A 0.3730 0.9300 31.4N 25.8E 68 211 281 07m24s
46 08 -2144 Sep 21 08:18:06 48456 -51246 A 0.3971 0.9260 28.3N 89.9W 66 212 301 07m54s
47 09 -2126 Oct 02 16:04:33 48016 -51023 A 0.4137 0.9225 24.7N 151.6E 65 213 318 08m26s
48 10 -2108 Oct 12 23:56:31 47578 -50800 A 0.4253 0.9196 20.8N 31.3E 65 212 332 08m58s
49 11 -2090 Oct 24 07:54:12 47142 -50577 A 0.4322 0.9175 16.9N 90.9W 64 210 342 09m31s
50 12 -2072 Nov 03 15:53:32 46708 -50354 A 0.4375 0.9160 13.3N 146.5E 64 208 350 10m04s
51 13 -2054 Nov 14 23:55:36 46276 -50131 A 0.4403 0.9153 9.9N 23.1E 64 205 354 10m34s
52 14 -2036 Nov 25 07:56:41 45846 -49908 A 0.4438 0.9152 7.2N 100.0W 64 202 356 11m02s
53 15 -2018 Dec 06 15:55:26 45418 -49685 A 0.4490 0.9159 5.2N 137.6E 63 198 355 11m23s
54 16 -2000 Dec 16 23:49:28 44992 -49462 A 0.4578 0.9172 4.2N 16.5E 63 193 352 11m36s
55 17 -1982 Dec 28 07:38:06 44567 -49239 A 0.4710 0.9191 4.2N 103.2W 62 189 346 11m38s
56 18 -1963 Jan 07 15:19:18 44145 -49016 A 0.4901 0.9215 5.4N 138.8E 61 185 340 11m26s
57 19 -1945 Jan 18 22:51:51 43725 -48793 A 0.5161 0.9243 7.8N 22.7E 59 180 333 10m58s
58 20 -1927 Jan 29 06:15:48 43307 -48570 A 0.5491 0.9274 11.5N 91.6W 57 176 326 10m18s
59 21 -1909 Feb 09 13:30:39 42891 -48347 A 0.5892 0.9307 16.3N 155.8E 54 172 320 09m28s
60 22 -1891 Feb 19 20:35:10 42477 -48124 A 0.6381 0.9340 22.4N 45.1E 50 168 318 08m31s
61 23 -1873 Mar 03 03:31:18 42065 -47901 A 0.6938 0.9372 29.6N 64.4W 46 164 321 07m32s
62 24 -1855 Mar 13 10:18:56 41655 -47678 A 0.7566 0.9402 37.9N 172.9W 41 159 335 06m34s
63 25 -1837 Mar 24 17:00:38 41247 -47455 A 0.8244 0.9428 47.3N 78.1E 34 154 369 05m39s
64 26 -1819 Apr 03 23:34:14 40841 -47232 A 0.8990 0.9446 58.2N 33.6W 26 144 465 04m48s
65 27 -1801 Apr 15 06:05:13 40437 -47009 A 0.9760 0.9447 70.3N 165.6W 12 114 988 04m02s
66 28 -1783 Apr 25 12:31:39 40035 -46786 P 1.0571 0.8684 71.3N 46.1E 0 66
67 29 -1765 May 06 18:57:36 39635 -46563 P 1.1387 0.7279 70.8N 65.5W 0 54
68 30 -1747 May 17 01:22:07 39237 -46340 P 1.2218 0.5842 70.1N 176.2W 0 41
69 31 -1729 May 28 07:49:57 38841 -46117 P 1.3024 0.4438 69.3N 72.8E 0 29
70 32 -1711 Jun 07 14:20:18 38447 -45894 P 1.3815 0.3056 68.4N 38.2W 0 18
71 33 -1693 Jun 18 20:55:31 38055 -45671 P 1.4570 0.1734 67.4N 149.9W 0 7
72 34 -1675 Jun 29 03:37:03 37666 -45448 Pe 1.5277 0.0493 66.4N 97.3E 0 357
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
