TITLE OF THE DATA SET Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: Data on the Response of Cotton to Varying CO2, Irrigation, and Nitrogen. DATA CONTRIBUTORS B. A. Kimball (1) J. R. Mauney (2) R. L. La Morte (1) G. Guinn (2) F. S. Nakayama (1) J. W. Radin (2) E. A. Lakatos (3) S. T. Mitchell (1) L. L. Parker (2) G. J. Peresta (1) P. E. Nixon III (1) B. Savoy (2) S. M. Harris (1) R. MacDonald (2) H. Pros (2) J. Martinez (1) (1) U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory and (2) Western Cotton Research Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Phoenix, Arizona (3) Soil and Water Science Department University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona SOURCE AND SCOPE OF THE DATA The data set included in this subdirectory ("pub/ndp037") details five season-long experiments, carried out over the period 1983-1987, examining the effects of CO2 enrichment on cotton growth. Because conditions of insufficient water and nutrients are commonplace in much of the world's agriculture and in the unmanaged biosphere, these studies employed a multivariate design whereby the effects of water and nutrient stress could be examined alongside the effects of elevated CO2 level on plant growth parameters. The initial experiment examined the effects of varying CO2 concentration only. In the following two seasons, the interactive effects of CO2 concentration and water availability were studied. In the final two seasons, the effects of the three-way interaction between CO2 concentration, water availability, and nitrogen fertility were investigated. The 1983 experiment was conducted on the lysimeter field at the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona. The experiments during the four subsequent years were conducted at a site near the Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix, Arizona. At each site, a system of open-top chambers was constructed to provide a stable regime of CO2 enrichment through the course of a growing season. A summary of the preparations and treatments undertaken in each of the five growing seasons is provided in Tables 2a-2d of the documentation that accompanies this tape. For detailed descriptions of the design and methodology of these experiments, the reader should refer to the supplemental text provided in the appendix of the accompanying documentation. Further information is also provided in Kimball et al. (1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987). The data comprise three types of information: identification variables (such as year, institution and site codes, and treatment regimens), intermediate growth measurements (such as plant height, leaf area index, number of flowers, and dry weight of leaves) taken at various times during the growing season, and crop harvest results (such as lint yield, seed yield, and total aboveground dry biomass). The data selected for inclusion in the "pub/ndp037" subdirectory are those that are likely to be useful to the largest number of users. Data are also available for many other parameters, including daily weather, soil profile properties (e.g., initial soil moisture and nitrogen conditions), and irrigation and fertilizer treatments. These highly specialized data comprise a very large number of separate files. The file structures of these data conform to the International Benchmark Sites of Agrotechnology Transfer (IBSNAT) standards, developed in 1986 by plant growth modelers for crop model input and output files (IBSNAT 1986). The IBSNAT-formatted data files, along with a documentation file ("IBSNAT.txt"), are provided in the subdirectory "pub/ndp037/IBSNAT". Persons wishing to use the IBSNAT-formatted data are also advised to consult the supplemental file "suppl.wp" provided in this subdirectory ("pub/ndp037"). The file "suppl.wp" is formatted as a Word Perfect file and will require WP 5.1 software for access. Because the file is not formatted as a standard DOS ASCII text, FTP users should copy the file in the "binary" transfer mode. The information provided in "suppl.wp" is also included as part of the written documentation for NDP-037 and is available upon request from CDIAC. This documentation also presents all of the IBSNAT-formatted data in hard copy form. Measurements of plant physiological parameters, such as leaf temperature, stomatal resistance, and leaf water potential, are not available from CDIAC at this time. However, these data are discussed in Kimball et al. (1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987). DATA FORMAT Five files are provided in this subdirectory ("pub/ndp037") including this documentation file ("ndp037.txt"), a FORTRAN IV retrieval program ("ndp037.for"), a SAS input/output routine ("ndp037.sas"), a file containing the CO2 enrichment response data ("ndp037.dat"), and a supplemental information file ("suppl.wp"), formatted in Word Perfect 5.1. Table 4 (located in the written documentation that accompanies these data) presents a partial listing of the CO2 enrichment response data. The data file is formatted in the following way: INTEGER YEAR, CO2, REP, YRCODE, EXPTNO, TRTNO, JEMRGD, 1 JSQRJD, JFLRJD, XLTYLD, XSDYLD, XBLSM, XSPB, XBIOM, 2 XSTMBR, JDOY, XPLTHT, JNNODM, JNSQRM, JNFLWM, JNGBLM, 3 JNMBLM, JNABSM, XWLEFH, XWSTMH, XWROTH, XWGBLH, XWMBLH CHARACTER CO2COD, IRRIG, NITRO, INSTE*2, SITEE*2, DUMMY*3 REAL XLAI, XSDWT, XLAIMX 10 READ (5,400,END=900) YEAR, CO2, CO2COD, REP, IRRIG, NITRO READ (5,500) INSTE, SITEE, YRCODE, EXPTNO, TRTNO, JEMRGD, 1 JSQRJD, JFLRJD, XLTYLD, XSDYLD, XSDWT, XBLSM, XSPB, 2 XLAIMX, XBIOM, XSTMBR 20 READ (5,600) DUMMY IF (DUMMY.EQ.' ') THEN GOTO 10 ELSE BACKSPACE (5) READ (5,800) JDOY, XPLTHT, XLAI, JNNODM, JNSQRM, JNFLWM, 1 JNGBLM, JNMBLM, JNABSM, XWLEFH, XWSTMH, XWROTH, XWGBLH, 2 XWMBLH GOTO 20 END IF 400 FORMAT (1X,I4,2X,I3,2X,A1,2X,I1,2X,A1,2X,A1) 500 FORMAT (1X,A2,A2,I2,I2,1X,I2,1X,I3,1X,I3,1X,I3,1X, 1 I4,1X,I4,1X,F6.4,1X,I3,1X,I2,1X,F5.2,1X,I5,1X,I4) 600 FORMAT (1X,A3) 800 FORMAT (1X,I3,1X,I3,1X,F5.2,1X,I3,1X,I3,1X,I3,1X,I3, 1 1X,I3,1X,I4,1X,I4,1X,I4,1X,I4,1X,I4,1X,I5) where YEAR is the year of sampling of the data record being read; CO2 is the mean daily carbon dioxide concentration (umol/mol) for the sampled plot; CO2COD is a one-character flag code presenting additional information about the sampled plot: 'A'= chamber at ambient (i.e., nonenriched) concentration, 'N'= no chamber (i.e., open field), and 'L'= chamber containing lysimeter; REP is the replicate number, with a value of either '1' or '2' (two replicates were included for each CO2 treatment); IRRIG is a one-character code describing the irrigation regimen, given only for years in which two levels were present: '0'= water-stressed ("dry") treatment and '1'= well-watered ("wet") treatment; NITRO is a one-character code describing the nitrogen fertilization regimen, given only for years in which two levels were present: '0'= low nitrogen (N-) treatment and '1'= high nitrogen (N+) treatment; INSTE is a two-character identification code describing the institution at which the cotton growth experiment was carried out; this code conforms to the IBSNAT format described on pages A-64, A-89, and A-90 of the accompanying documentation; SITEE is a two-character identification code describing the location of the sampled plot and the experimental treatment; diagrams of the plot locations and listings of the corresponding treatments are given on pages A-19, A-22, and A-26 of the accompanying documentation; YRCODE is the last two digits of YEAR; this code is the same as the variable YEAR in the IBSNAT format described on pages A-71, A-89, and A-90 of the accompanying documentation; EXPTNO is the experiment number, which conforms to the IBSNAT format described on pages A-63, A-89, and A-90 of the accompanying documentation; TRTNO is the treatment number, which conforms to the IBSNAT format described on pages A-69, A-89, and A-90 of the accompanying documentation; JEMRGD is the day of year (Julian) at which 50% of the plants in the field emerge from the soil; JSQRJD is the day of year (Julian) at which 50% of the plants in the field displayed their first square; JFLRJD is the day of year (Julian) at which 50% of the plants in the field displayed their first flower; XLTYLD is the actual field-measured lint yield (dry weight basis, kg/ha), which is the yield attainable by hand harvesting; XSDYLD is the actual field-measured seed yield (dry weight basis, kg/ha); XSDWT is the measured seed dry weight (g/seed); XBLSM is the field-measured boll number (bolls/square meter); XSPB is the field-measured number of seeds per boll; XLAIMX is the maximum leaf area index attained during the season (square meters/square meters); XBIOM is the field-measured aboveground dry biomass at maturity (kg/ha); XSTMBR is the field-measured stem plus burr weight at maturity (kg/ha); JDOY is the day of year (Julian) on which the intermediate growth measurements on the remainder of the line were made; XPLTHT is the plant height (cm); XLAI is the leaf area index (square meters/ square meters); JNNODM is the number of nodes per square meter; JNSQRM is the number of squares per square meter; JNFLWM is the number of flowers per square meter; JNGBLM is the number of green bolls per square meter; JNMBLM is the number of open mature bolls per square meter; JNABSM is the number of abscised sites per square meter; XWLEFH is the dry leaf weight (kg/ha); XWSTMH is the dry stem weight (kg/ha); XWROTH is the dry root weight (kg/ha); XWGBLH is the dry green boll weight (kg/ha); XWMBLH is the dry mature boll weight (kg/ha); Stated in tabular form, the contents include the following. __________________________________________________________________ Variable Variable Starting Starting Variable type width Line column column __________________________________________________________________ YEAR Numeric I4 1 2 5 CO2 Numeric I3 1 8 10 CO2COD Character A1 1 13 13 REP Numeric I1 1 16 16 IRRIG Character A1 1 19 19 NITRO Character A1 1 22 22 INSTE Character A2 2 2 3 SITEE Character A2 2 4 5 YRCODE Numeric I2 2 6 7 EXPTNO Numeric I2 2 8 9 TRTNO Numeric I2 2 11 12 JEMRGD Numeric I3 2 14 16 JSQRJD Numeric I3 2 18 20 JFLRJD Numeric I3 2 22 24 XLTYLD Numeric I4 2 26 29 XSDYLD Numeric I4 2 31 34 XSDWT Numeric F6.4 2 36 41 XBLSM Numeric I3 2 43 45 XSPB Numeric I2 2 47 48 XLAIMX Numeric F5.2 2 50 54 XBIOM Numeric I5 2 56 60 XSTMBR Numeric I4 2 62 65 JDOY Numeric I3 3...n 2 4 XPLTHT Numeric I3 3...n 6 8 XLAI Numeric F5.2 3...n 10 14 JNNODM Numeric I3 3...n 16 18 JNSQRM Numeric I3 3...n 20 22 JNFLWM Numeric I3 3...n 24 26 JNGBLM Numeric I3 3...n 28 30 JNMBLM Numeric I3 3...n 32 34 JNABSM Numeric I4 3...n 36 39 XWLEFH Numeric I4 3...n 41 44 XWSTMH Numeric I4 3...n 46 49 XWROTH Numeric I4 3...n 51 54 XWGBLH Numeric I4 3...n 56 59 XWMBLH Numeric I5 3...n 61 65 __________________________________________________________________ Missing values for integer variables are represented by -9. Missing values for real variables are represented by -9.0, -9.00, etc., according to the format of each variable. Line numbers refer to positions within a given data block, containing data for a given year, site, and treatment regimen. REFERENCES IBSNAT, the International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer. 1986. IBSNAT Technical Report 5, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), Documentation for IBSNAT Crop Model Input and Output Files, Version 1.0. Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 53 pp. Kimball, B. A., J. R. Mauney, G. Guinn, F. S. Nakayama, P. J. Pinter, Jr., K. L. Clawson, R. J. Reginato, and S. B. Idso. 1983. Effects of Increasing Atmospheric CO2 on the Yield and Water Use of Crops. No. 021, U.S. Department of Energy Series, Response of Vegetation to Carbon Dioxide. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 37 pp. Kimball, B. A., J. R. Mauney, G. Guinn, F. S. Nakayama, P. J. Pinter, Jr., K. L. Clawson, S. B. Idso, G. D. Butler, Jr., and J. W. Radin. 1984. Effects of Increasing Atmospheric CO2 on the Yield and Water Use of Crops. No. 023, Response of Vegetation to Carbon Dioxide, U.S. Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. 60 pp. Kimball, B. A., J. R. Mauney, G. Guinn, F. S. Nakayama, S. B. Idso, J. W. Radin, D. L. Hendrix, G. D. Butler, Jr., T. I. Zarembinski, and P. E. Nixon, III. 1985. Effects of Increasing Atmospheric CO2 on the Yield and Water Use of Crops. No. 027, Response of Vegetation to Carbon Dioxide, U.S. Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. 75 pp. Kimball, B. A., J. R. Mauney, J. W. Radin, F. S. Nakayama, S. B. Idso, D. L. Hendrix, D. H. Akey, S. G. Allen, M. G. Anderson, and W. Hartung. 1986. Effects of Increasing Atmospheric CO2 on the Growth, Water Relations, and Physiology of Plants Grown under Optimal and Limiting Levels of Water and Nitrogen. No. 039, Response of Vegetation to Carbon Dioxide, U.S. Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. 125 pp. Kimball, B. A., J. R. Mauney, D. H. Akey, D. L. Hendrix, S. G. Allen, S. B. Idso, J. W. Radin, and E. A. Lakatos. 1987. Effects of Increasing Atmospheric CO2 on the Growth, Water Relations, and Physiology of Plants Grown under Optimal and Limiting Levels of Water and Nitrogen. No. 049, Response of Vegetation to Carbon Dioxide, U.S. Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. 124 pp.