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00.057.0.01.073. Watermelon mosaic virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.057.0.01.073. Watermelon mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Citrullus lanatus.

Natural host and symptoms
Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Citrullus lanatus and some legumes — mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation.

Reference to Isolation Report
Webb et al. (1965).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.057.0.01.073. Virus accession number: 57001073. Obsolete virus code: 57.0.1.0.073; superceded accession number: 57010073.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 146500.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Alternative name: Watermelon mosaic virus 2. Synonym(s): Marrow mosaic virus (Raychaudhuri and Varma, 1975; Varma, 1988), Melon mosaic virus (Iwaki et al., 1984; Komuro, 1962). ICTV approved acronym: WMV-2. Virus is an ICTV approved species. Virus is of the genus 00.057.0.01. Potyvirus in the family 00.057. Potyviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 730-765 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains few virions. Reference for electron microscopic methods: Purcifull et al. (1979).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

Virions have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.32 g cm-3. There are 1 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations. The sedimentation coefficient is 150 S20w. The thermal inactivation point (TIP) is at 55-65°C. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is 10-50 days. Although the titer is dependent on the host, the decimal exponent (DEX) of the dilution end point is usually around 3-5.

Nucleic Acid

The Mr of the genome constitutes 5% of the virion by weight. The genome is monopartite, only one particle size is recovered of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, is partially sequenced. Sequence has the accession number

[D00535] Em(40)_vi:WMVCOAT Gb(84)_vi:WMVCOAT Watermelon mosaic virus 2 coat protein gene. 3/91 1,157bp.
[D00592] Em(40)_vi:MTWCP Watermelon mosaic virus 2 49kda protease, nuclear inclusion protein and coat protein genes. 3
[D13913] Em(40)_vi:WMVCP Gb(84)_vi:WMVCP Watermelon mosaic virus 2 49kda protease, nuclear inclusion protein and coat protein genes. 1
[L22907] Em(40)_vi:WMVCOATA Gb(84)_vi:WMVCOATA Watermelon mosaic virus 2 coat protein gene, complete cds. 5/94 1,656bp. 4 sequences. Reference to nucleotide sequence Purcifull et al. (1984).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

Proteins constitute about 95% of the particle weight.

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Purcifull et al. (1984)) and 7 non-structural protein(s) are found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Antigenicity

The virus is serologically related to soybean mosaic and blackeye cowpea mosaic viruses, but distantly.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledonae).

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, Aphis craccivora; at least 29 species of aphids transmit watermelon mosaic virus 2 (Edwardson and Christie, 1986).

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (21 /22), Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Umbelliferae, Valerianaceae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus caudatus, Astragalus sinicus, Atriplex hortensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium foetidum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium hybridum, Chenopodium murale, Chenopodium quinoa, Cichorium endiva, Citrullus lanatus, Coriandrum sativum, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cucumis melo, Cucumis metuliferus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita okeechobeensis, Cucurbita pepo, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Datura stramonium, Euphorbia marginata, Glycine max, Gomphrena globosa, Ipomoea nil, Lathyrus odoratus, Lavatera trimestris, Luffa acutangula, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Macroptilium lathyroides, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Medicago hispida, Medicago sativa, Melilotus albus, Melilotus officinalis, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana megalosiphon, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Senecio vulgaris, Sesamum indicum, Sonchus oleraceus, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Torenia fournieri, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Valeriana officinalis, Vicia faba, Vicia sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Zinnia elegans.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Labiatae, or Leguminosae-Papilionoideae, Solanaceae, Tropaeolaceae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Beta macrocarpa, Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Cheiranthus cheiri, Nicotiana glutinosa, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia x hybrida, Pisum sativum (cv. Little Marvel), Tropaeolum majus, Vigna angularis.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Chenopodium amaranticolor — chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Cucurbita pepo — systemic mosaic and occasional leaf malformation.

Pisum sativum cv. Alaska — necrotic local lesions; systemic mottling and necrosis.

Nicotiana benthamiana — systemic mosaic.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel, Nicotiana glutinosa.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Cucurbita pepo cvs Small Sugar, Zucchini, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Abelmoschus esculentus, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Lavatera trimestris (L).

References to host data: Edwardson (1974, Horváth et al. (1975, Greber (1978, Hampton et al. (1978, Horváth (1979, Lecoq et al. (1981, Edwardson and Christie (1986).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in mesophyll and epidermis. Virions are found in the cytoplasm.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus (thin plates, of unknown nature, in the nucleus). Cytoplasmic inclusions are pinwheels. Inclusions are scrolls and laminated aggregates (Edwardson's Type III inclusions) in the cytoplasm. Inclusions do not contain mature virions and contain mature virions (in cytoplasmic aggregates associated with membranes).

Geographical Distribution

The virus is probably distributed worldwide.

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Soybean mosaic virus (Frenkel et al., 1989; Yu et al., 1989; and D.D. Shukla, personal communication), indeed it is proposed that all are a single species and should be called soybean mosaic virus.

References

Broderode, F.Th., Koper-Zwarthoff, C.E. and Bol, J.F. (1980). Nucl. Acids Res. 8: 2213:

Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5, p. 131.

Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 454.

Frenkel, M.J., Ward, CW and Shukla, D.D. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2775.

Greber, R.S. (1978). Aust. J. agric. Res. 29: 1235.

Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O.W., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.

Horváth, J. (1979). Acta Phytop. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 157.

Horváth, J., JureticH, N., Besada, W.H. and Kuroli, G. (1975). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10: 93.

Iwaki, M., Honda, Y., Hanada, K., Tochihara, H., Yonaha, T., Hokama, K. and Yokoyama, T. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 1006.

Komuro, Y. (1962). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 27: 31.

Lecoq, H., Pitrat, M. and Clement, M. (1981). Agronomie 1: 827.

Milne, K.S. and Grogan, R.G. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 809.

Milne, K.S., Grogan, R.G. and Kimble, K.A. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 819.

Purcifull, D.E. and Hiebert, E. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 112.

Purcifull, D., Hiebert, E. and Edwardson, J.R. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 293, 7 pp.

Raychaudhuri, M. and Varma, A (1975). Indian J. Ent. 37: 247.

Thomas, W. (1971). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 14: 235.

Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 63, 4 pp.

Varma, A (1988). In: The Plant Viruses Vol. 4, The Filamentous Plant Viruses, p. 371; ed. R.G. Milne. Plenum Press, New York.

Webb, R.E. and Scott, H.A. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 895.

Yu, M., Frenkel, M.J., McKern, N.M., Shukla, D.D., Strike, P.M. and Ward, C.M. (1989). Arch. Virol. 105: 55.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References. A description of this taxon in VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 878 by D. Purcifull, 1981. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 293.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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Last updated on 25 April 2006 by Cornelia Büchen-Osmond
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