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1. Grasp Preparation Improves Change Detection for Congruent Objects (EJ804697)
Author(s):
Symes, Ed; Tucker, Mike; Ellis, Rob; Vainio, Lari; Ottoboni, Giovanni
Source:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, v34 n4 p854-871 Aug 2008
Pub Date:
2008-08-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Attention; Perceptual Motor Coordination; Visual Perception; Bias; Change; Responses
Abstract: A series of experiments provided converging support for the hypothesis that action preparation biases selective attention to action-congruent object features. When visual transients are masked in so-called "change-blindness scenes," viewers are blind to substantial changes between 2 otherwise identical pictures that flick back and forth. The authors report data in which participants planned a grasp prior to the onset of a change-blindness scene in which 1 of 12 objects changed identity. Change blindness was substantially reduced for grasp-congruent objects (e.g., planning a whole-hand grasp reduced change blindness to a changing apple). A series of follow-up experiments ruled out an alternative explanation that this reduction had resulted from a labeling or strategizing of responses and provided converging support that the effect genuinely arose from grasp planning. (Contains 7 figures and 4 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. On the Relations between Action Planning, Object Identification, and Motor Representations of Observed Actions and Objects (EJ799962)
Vainio, Lari; Symes, Ed; Ellis, Rob; Tucker, Mike; Ottoboni, Giovanni
Cognition, v108 n2 p444-465 Aug 2008
Descriptors: Observation; Identification; Motor Reactions; Recognition (Psychology); Cognitive Processes
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that viewing a static prime object (a hand grasp), can activate action representations that affect the subsequent identification of graspable target objects. The present study explored whether stronger effects on target object identification would occur when the prime object (a hand grasp) was made more action-rich and dynamic. Of additional interest was whether this type of action prime would affect the generation of motor activity normally elicited by the target object. Three experiments demonstrated that grasp observation improved the identification of grasp-congruent target objects relative to grasp-incongruent target objects. We argue from this data that identifying a graspable object includes the processing of its action-related attributes. In addition, grasp observation was shown to influence the motor activity elicited by the target object, demonstrating interplay between action-based and object-based motor coding. (Contains 4 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Precision and Power Grip Priming by Observed Grasping (EJ777396)
Vainio, Lari; Tucker, Mike; Ellis, Rob
Brain and Cognition, v65 n2 p195-207 Nov 2007
2007-11-00
Descriptors: Goal Orientation; Imitation; Coding; Context Effect; Stimuli; Object Manipulation
Abstract: The coupling of hand grasping stimuli and the subsequent grasp execution was explored in normal participants. Participants were asked to respond with their right- or left-hand to the accuracy of an observed (dynamic) grasp while they were holding precision or power grasp response devices in their hands (e.g., precision device/right-hand; power device/left-hand). The observed hand was making either accurate or inaccurate precision or power grasps and participants signalled the accuracy of the observed grip by making one or other response depending on instructions. Responses were made faster when they matched the observed grip type. The two grasp types differed in their sensitivity to the end-state (i.e., accuracy) of the observed grip. The end-state influenced the power grasp congruency effect more than the precision grasp effect when the observed hand was performing the grasp without any goal object (Experiments 1 and 2). However, the end-state also influenced the precision grip congruency effect (Experiment 3) when the action was object-directed. The data are interpreted as behavioural evidence of the automatic imitation coding of the observed actions. The study suggests that, in goal-oriented imitation coding, the context of an action (e.g., being object-directed) is more important factor in coding precision grips than power grips. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Does Selecting One Visual Object from Several Require Inhibition of the Actions Associated with Nonselected Objects? (EJ766375)
Ellis, Rob; Tucker, Mike; Symes, Ed; Vainio, Lari
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, v33 n3 p670-691 Jun 2007
2007-06-00
Descriptors: Experiments; Visual Stimuli; Selection; Testing; Color; Geographic Location; Geometric Concepts; Inhibition
Abstract: Four experiments are described in which 1 visual object (the target) was selected from another (the distractor) according to its color (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) or its relative location (Experiment 3) and then was classified according to a simple geometric property. Object classification was signaled as fast as possible by a precision or power grip response, and this grip was either compatible or incompatible with either object. When targets were selected by color, target-compatible grip responses were facilitated, but distractor-compatible grip responses were impaired. When targets were selected by location, similar results were obtained for target-compatible grip responses, but not distractor-compatible grip responses. These data are explained in terms of the involvement of action codes in object-level selection. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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