INDEX- Abbe. Prof . Cleveland . (Notes by the Editor.) Early history of the thermometer and barometer ......... Reprint of early meteorological charts ................... Meteorology in the public schools ........................ Liquid air (Linde’s apparatus) ........................... Value of meter and yard ................................ International cloud observations at Toronto .............. Suggestions to observers ................................. Fall of an aerolite in Arizona ........... ................ Cycles in meteorology ................................... Development of the kite by European scientists .......... Musschenbroek’s theory of the kite ...................... Dr . Thomas Young on the kite ........................... Brandes on the kite ..................................... Cavallo’s experiments with kites ....................... Chemical composition of the upper air ................... $Opening of navigation in Canada ........................ Icein KennebecRiver .................................. Fire at Huron, S . Dak ................................... Stereoscopic study of clouds ............................. Long-continued meteorological records ................... Monument to Buys-Ballot ................................ Seasonal forecasts for Oregon, by B . S . Pague ............. Cloud heights-a problem for students ................... Franklin Kite Club ...................................... The kite as used by Espy ................................ Kite used in 1822 by Fisher .............................. Archibald on kites ...................................... Efficiency of windmills (extract from Douglas Archibald) Franklin Kite Club and James Swaim ................... Kites in America and Europe ............................ Weather telegraphy in England and America ............ Captain Dansey’s kite for stranded vessels ............... Kerkam’s kite with rocket signals ...................... Use of the search light in meteorology ................... Waterspouts off Long Island ............................ Waterspout, cloudburst, or tornado ....................... Character of the skylight ................................ AtmosDheric vaDor ...................................... Page . 16 16 17 18 19 19 55. 99 56 57 58 59 59 59 60 61 63 98 98 98 99 161 161 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 205 206 206 206 207 207 207 98 208 Meteoiological &e of the term “ Local ” ................. 208 Water measurements for irrigation ....................... 208. 545 Melting snow and river floods ........................... 209 Snowfall in Colorado .................................... 210 Evaporation at Fort Collins. Colo ......................... 210 Hail and a rain gauge for its measurement ............... 210 Ignis fatuus or Jack-0’-Lantern .......................... 211 Current weather and future crops ....................... 211 Secular changes in climates and crops ................... 211 Peculiar mountain storms (note by J . H . Struble) ........ 212 Cirrus clouds on the northwest side of a storm ........... 212 Anchor ice .............................................. 212 Chinook and the signs of its approach, by A . B . Coe ...... 213 Frost formations ........................................ 213 Records of foggy and cloudy days ....................... 249 Homogeneity and uniformity ............................ 249 Electrical districts ....................................... 249 Tornado frequency per unit area ......................... 250 Thunderstorms at Eustis, Lake Co., Fla .................. 251 Mechanism of thunderstorms ........................... 251 Frequency of thunderstorms ............................ 251 Audibility of thunder ................................... 252 Movements of winds and clouds in Minnesota ............ 252 Hourly results from self-registers at W . B . Stations ....... 252 Recent earthquakes .................... 257, 310, 399, 448, 493, 542 eismographs at meteorological stations .................. 259 Hot winds in Missouri .................................. 260 Hot winds in Kansas .................................... 260 Bright meteor ........................................... 261 Death of Mr . Joseph Cottier ............................. 303 Deaths of Weather Bureau observers .................... 303 Retirement of Professor Hann .......................... 303 Cloud heights a t Toronto ................................ 303 Rain gushes in thunderstorms ........................... 303 Importance of-sound theories ........................... 304 2 Climate and crime ........................................ 259 Page . Observation of halos ................................... 305 Thermometer exposure .................................. 306 Fake storms ............................................. 307 307 Mountain storms, by A . D . Elmer ........................ 307 Landslide in Vermont ................................... 307 Origin of the St . Louis tornado, by M . C . Walsh .......... 308 Frost formations ....................................... 308 Earthquake-proof buildings ............................. 309 Thunderstorms in Franklinville, N . Y . (J . W . Kales) .... 309 Kites at the Chicago conference, August, 1893 ............ 310 Origin of descending gusts of wind . (C . A . Love) ........ 351, 447 Postal telegraph clock and weather bulletin .............. 351 Electric waves in the atmosphere ........................ 352 Electrical districts ....................................... 332 Lightning and magnetic rocks . (Abstract from F . Pockels.) 352 Structure of hailstones . (Description by F . Rinne.). ..... 352 Ancient climate of Arizona .............................. 353 Vitality of seeds ........................................ 353 Mauritius-meteorology and cro s .................... 354 Practical science in Germany . fF.’H. Mason) ............ 354 Climatological data for Jamaica, W . I .................... 259, 356 Cyclone in Nicaragua ................................... 356 Seismic noises ........................................... 393 Old weather records ..................................... 398 Depth of hail fall ........................................ 399 High level stations in Jamaica ........................... 399 Forms of lightning ...................................... 400 Resultant and prevailing winds .......................... 400 Frost formation in St . Paul . (Report by H . Volker) ..... 401 Handbooks of the Deutsche Seewarte .................... 401 On verifying the Laplacian barometric formula ........... 443 Circular by the Chief of the Weather Bureau ............ 445 VMountain stations in North Carolina ..................... 445 Hydrodynamic equations for the atmosphere . (C . Chree.) 445 Rain drops: their size and rate of fall .................... 445 Atmospheric electricity-Brillouin’s theory .............. 446 Hurricanes in the West Indies, by J . Ridgway, J r ........ 447 Altitudes of clouds (with letter from B . C . Hawkins) ..... 447 Distant cloud banks ..................................... 448, 543 The kite in France . (Abstract from Teisserenc de Bort) . . 490 491 Practical utilization of lightning ......................... Local climatic changes .................................. Meteorological Institute ............................... Celebration of the semicentennial of the Royal Prussian aeteorological station in Terra del Fuego . (M . Y . Ransom) Weather Bureau station on Mount Tamalpais ............. Mechanical determination of resultant wind . (Besson’s apparatus) ........................................... Meteorological stations of Harvard University ............ Meteorology in the United States Geological Survey ...... Electric storms at Sacramento ............................ Distant cloud banks ..................................... The tension of aqueous vapor ............................ Cloudy condensation .................................... C cles in meteorology .................................. Ctinooks in Iowa ....................................... General climatic conditions for 1897 ...................... Aitken, John, views on condensation of vapor ................ Anderson, Dr . W . W., earthquake at Statesburg, S . C ......... Arago, Dominique Frangois Jean, classification of lightning . Assmann, Dr . Richard, celebration of the semicentennial of the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute ................ Tension of aqueous vapor ................................ Archibald, Douglas, on kites ................................. Efficiency of windmills .................................. 491 493 493 540 540 541 542 543 543 543 544 545 569 543 544 258 400 164 164 492 352 Banks. Dr . Albert A., lightning strokes ....................... BArcena. Dr . Mariano. contributes Mexican data ... .l. 17.43.61.85.98. 356. 381. 403.425.471.483.519. 538 Bates. W . S., kite used by Sir George Nares (abstract) ........ 312 539 Behrman. Captain. log kept by .............................. 485 Berry. James. climate and crop service . (Sa Table of Contents.) 443 i23.ia9.212.235.259.285.30~. 339. Barwick. James A., electric storms of California .............. Besangon. balloon ascension by .............................. V vi MO Er pege Bemon. L., instrument for determining mean wind direction .. 641 Bigelow. Prof . Frank H., observations to determine the state of the sky alongthe path of the solar eclipse. May 28 1900 39. Standard system of coordinate axes for magnetic and m a teorological observations and computations ............. 20 1: Blythe. W . T., specimens received from ...................... 35: Bort. Teisserenc de. on dynamic meteorology ................ 49 Brandenburg. Frederick H., report on snowfall in Colorado ... 21( 51 Bravais.’Auguste. relative frequency of halo phenomena ...... 30( Brennan. J . F., contributes data ........................ .259. 308. 35( Bretonnihre. J., wind eddies at Constantine. Algeria .......... 31 Brillouin.tProf . Marcel,” winds and clouds .................... 4 3 Atmospheric electricity .................................. 440. 44( Broadfield. J . M., weather and crops in Georgia .............. 21 Butler . Thomas H .. earlv use of wire in kite flvine., ......... Blake. F . L., cloud obserpations at Toronto ................... Brandes. Heinrich Wilhelm. theory of the kite .............. Buisson. electrical experiments by ........................... <” “U Buys.Ballot.lmonument. to ................................. Cailletet. Prof . L., analysisrofLair ............................ Photographic apparatus for measuring the altitude attained by balloons ............................................ Campbell.Hepworth . (&e He worth.) Carpenter. Prof . L . S., Poudre giver studies .................. Evaporation. formula for ................................. Cavallo. Tiberius. electrical experiments with kites .......... Chanute. Octave. prize for monograph on kites ............... Chree. Dr . Charles. hydrodynamic equations for the atmos- phere ................................................. Clayton. Henry Helm. cloud measurements at Blue Hill ...... Claxton. F . F., appointed director Royal Alfred Observatory. Mauritius ............................................ Cline, Dr . Isaac M., freezing weather in the Texas sugar and vegetable regions ...................................... Coe. A . B., chinook. and the signs of its approach ............ Comly. George. hot wave at Willow Springs. Mo .............. Cottier. Joseph. equations of hydrodynamics adapted to prob- lems connected with the movements of the earths at- momhere ............................................. Clancy. N . J., cyclone in Nicaragua .......................... 44‘ 13! 9! 6: 44: 20! 21( 6( 13( 44: 35e 13E 354 521 213 26C 29a .. .. .... Death of ................................................ 303 Craig, Commander J . E., contributes data ....... .189.235.285.339.381. . 425.471. Cunningham & Co., value of Weather Bureau warnings ....... Curtis. R . H., comparison of Campbell-Stokes and Jordan sun- shine recorders ........................................ Cuthbertson. John. kites used by ............................ 519 522 489 60 Dabney. Jr., Dr . Charles W., appointed special agent ......... 63 in India .............................................. 532 206 257 malpais .............................................. 493 313 weather and climate ................................... 1s 352 340 522 Dallas. W . L., preliminary discussion of certain cyclical changes Dansey, Captain, kite for stranded vessels ................... Dart, Jacob E., report of earthquake in Guadeloupe by ....... Davidson, Prof . George, advantages of station on Mount Ta- Davis, J . Woodbridge, experiments with kites .............. Davis, Wm . Morris, and ot7wa, prizes for school work on de Kay, Charles, experiments with electric waves ............ Decker, Horace M., mechanics of the kite .................... Dunovant, William, vahe of Weather Bureau warnings ...... Dunwoody, Col . H . H . C., storm warnings and weather fore- casts . (See Table of Contents.) Eddy. Wm . A.. experiments with kites ...................... 310. 312 Elmer. A . D., mountain storms ............................. 307 Engelenburg. E., theory of thunderstorms ................... 251 Espy. Prof . James P., kite experiments ...................... 163 Faye. H. theory of cyclones ................................. 305 Fergusson. S . P., early use of wire in kite flying .............. 135 392 Fisher. George. temperature determinations by means of kites 163. 164 56 206 204 398 542 15 303 57 543 Highest kite ascension a t Blue Hill ....................... .Gee. Henry M., meteor near Tombstone. Ariz ................ Glaisher. James. weather map and observations in 1850 ...... Garriott. Prof . Edward B., wind-barometer table .............. Geddes. George. temperature at Fairmount. N . Y ............ Gibbs. G . J., earthquake a t Cockburn Town. Grand Turk. W . I . Glenn. Samuel W., memorable snow storms in South Dakota . Goudy. W . H.,.death of ..................................... Gun. fames. distant cyoud banks ............................. Gowe . H . D., inquir in regard to meteorological cycles ...... 1EB mmw . VOL . xxv Page . 339. 356 381.425.471.483. 519 Hammon. Wm . H., operation of the Mount Tamalpis station for September. 1897 .................................... 397 Report on location and elevation of instruments at Mount Weather in the citrus regions of California ............... 519 Hand. Prof . E . E., frost formations .......................... 307 Hann. Prof . Julius. retirement of ............................ 303 Hargrave. Lawrence. the cellular kite ........................ 312 Harrington. Prof . Mark Walrod. ex loration of the upper air . 313 Hatch. E . J., maps showing landslije ........................ 307 Hazen. Prof . Henry Allen. areas of high and low pressure ... .1.43.85. 123.189.236.286.339.382.427.473. 522 Forests and rainfall ...................................... 395 Bright meteor ........................................... 484 . Georgia ............................................... 393 442 445 Measurement of cloud altitudes in mountainous regions .. 447 Hellmann. Gustav. history of the thermometer and barometer 16 16 Rain observations by .................................... 249 Henry. Alfred J., contributes the meteorological tables and cli- sell. contributes data for Jamaica. W . I ... .235.259.286.W. Tamalpais. Gal ...................................... 494 Hawkins. Barry C., seismic noises in North Carolina and Area of heavy rainfall in the southern Appalachians ..... Proposed station on Satulah Mountain. N . C ............. Reprint of early charts by ............................... Explanation of meteorological tables ..... .20.166.314.357.448. 546 Notes explanatory of the charts ......... .21.166.315.357.449. 547 matology of the month . (See Table of Contents.) ........................... .86. 190.236.286. 383 tion in the United States 13 Climate of Alaska ........................................ 248 Tables prepared b ..................................... 252 544 204 443 248 98 237 lohnstone. Robert. contributes data .......................... 444. 483 309 393 206 (imball. Capt . S . I., communicates data .................. 425.471. 519 (oettgen. Else. optical measurements by .................... 207 57 18 ............. Kenry. Joseph. hurnicfity of the atmosphere during rain .... Hermite and Besanpon. balloon ascension by ................. erring. A . M., dynamic flight (abstract) ..................... Hepworth. Lt . M . W . Campbell.. aurora australis of April .... olt. William I., ice and snow on Kennebec River ............ lennings. Thorp B., hailstorm at Topeka. Kans .............. rordan. Thomas B., sunshine recorder heliograph ............ 485. 486 eve, Charles A., formation of hail .......................... 351. 447 posts to keep records of the weather ................... .yens, Curtis J., contributes data ....... 1.43.85.112.123.180.189.226. .ing. Charles W., range of temperature at .ovell. Surgeon General Joseph. ordered surgeons at military 491 235.285.339.370.381.416.425.462.471. 519 dcAdie. Alexander G., whirling a1to.stratus .................. Problem of the kite ...................................... Climate as a controlling factor in long distance transmission of electrical energy .................................... rlcClui-e. Prof . 6 . E., death of ................................ dallet. earthquake studies by ................................ danissadjian. J . J., observations at Merzivan. Turkey ........ dargary. H . W . O., record of thunderstorms at Eustis. Fla ..... daring, Delos T., improved sunshine recorder ................ darvin. Prof . Charles Frederick. mechanics and equilibrium of kites ............................................... Table for conversion of indicated wind velocities into true velocities .............................................. dascart. names of halo phenomena .......................... dason. Frank H., Physical-Technical Institute a t Charlotten- burg. Berlin .......................................... dasterman. Stillman. rain gushes in thunderstorms .......... daynard. account of hailstorm in New York. N . Y .......... deigs. Joseph. requested monthly meteorological records from registers of the land office ............................. Sercer. C . F., value of Weather Bureau warnings ............ dills. J . N., experiments on congelation of orange juice ...... doore. C . R., changes in climate at Birdsnest, Va ............. doore. H . H., record of thunderstorms by .................... Ioore. Prof . Willis L., circular in commendation of Weather Bureau officials in the yellow fever district ............. Station on Mount Tamalpais ............................. 245 246 439 303 309 245 251 485 136 256 305 354 304 399 491 522 521 212 252 445 494 VOL . xxv . MONTHLY. WEATHER REVIEW . vii Morle . Prof . Edward Williams. report of earthquake at Cleve- knd. Ohio ............................................ Seismograph a t Adelbert College ......................... Morrill. Park. river and flood service . (See Table of Contents.) Reduction of the temperatures and pressures for 1897 ..... Morton. Hon . J . Sterling. establishment of stations ........... Miintz. A., collection of specimens of air ..................... Musschenbroek. Peter van. theory of the kite ................ Myers. Carl. kite experiments ............................... Nicollet. J . N., account of Franklin Kite Club ................ Niles. W . H., and others. prizes for school work on weather and climate ............................................... Pague. Bemer S., seasonal forecasts for Oregon ............... Death of W . H . Goudy .................................. Death of Prof . S . E . McClure ............................ Pearson. P . A.. hot wind in Kansas .......................... Pelton. Captain. waterspouts observed by .................... Pernter. Prof . J., study of rainbows .......................... Peterson. Charles W., tornado in Minnesota .................. Phillips. W . F . R., clothing and temperature ................. Recent ublications ...................................... Pickering. hrof . Edward C., director Harvard College Observ- atory. annual report ................................... Pockels. Prof . F., lightning and magnetic rocks (abstract) .... Proctor. Frank W., wind nomenclature ...................... Pyrah. John. early use of wire in kite flying .................. Ransom. Moses Y., description of Terra del Fuego ............ Renoe. Milton G., death of .................................. Rice. 0 . F., movement of winds and clouds .................. Richards. G . W., observations on cirrus clouds and storms .... Richardson. Edgar. rain gushes in thunderstorms ............ Rid way. Jr., Joseph. forwards report of Captain Rusch ...... Surricanes in the West Indies ........................... Rinne. Prof . F . structure of hailstones ...................... Romas. de on the kite ....................................... Root. J . d., description of hailstorm ......................... Rotch. A . Lawrence. cloud observations and measurements at the Blue Hill meteorological observatory. Milton. Mass . Rowell. Dr . W., account of hailstorm in New York City by ... Rusch. Captain. hurricane of September 6 ................... Scherer. Dr . P . J., report of earthquake ...................... Schipps. Rev . K., observation of halo phenomena ............ Schneider. C . F., tornado at Omer. Mich ..................... Scoresby. Jr., Capt . Wm., meteorological notes by-stationary clouds on mountain tops-gales with rising barometer . . Page . 258 448 572 494 62 59 310 163 18 161 303 303 260 207 305 236 200 538 540 352 54 135 493 484 253 21 2 303 394 447 352 58 399 12 399 394 310 295 190 62 Page . Simonton. n r . A . C., importance of reporting fog ............. 249 Temperature of the air: at what point its determination is most important ....................................... 306 Smith. Herman W., recent publications ..... .134.199.245.294.348.393. 444. 483 Smith. Jr., John F., corrects newspaper reports ............... 307 Smith. W . M., note on lightning by .......................... 250 99 99 Struble. Joseph H., mountain storms in Pennsylvania ........ 212 Stupart. Prof . R . F., contributes data ....... .l. 43.85.123.189.235.285. 339.381.425.471. 519 Ice in Canada ................................... .4.46.89.126. 525 Snow in Canada ...................... .4.46.89.126.192.431.476. 525 Stupart. Prof . R . F., precipitation in Canada ......... .46.192.287.341. 385.430.475. 525 Opening of navigation in Canada ........................ 63 TemDerature in Canada ...... .87.124.197.287.340.384.429.47 5.524 Springer. Ralph. meteorological records by ................... Springer. W . R., meteorological records by ................... ....... Cloua observations published by ......................... Swaim, James. kite experiments ............................. Taylor. Nathaniel R., highs and lows ........................ Tennant. John. stereoscopic study of clouds .................. Torrey. D., resolution proposed by ............................ Tower. Fred A., method of deducing resultant winds ........ Trowbridge. Prof . John. Roentgen rays ...................... Valerio. Alexander M., frost formations ...................... Volker. Hermann. frost formation .......................... Walcott. Charles Doolittle. hysical atlas of the United States . Walsh. N . C., origin of St . Eouis tornado ..................... Ward. Robert DeC., winter barograph curve from the South Pacific Ocean ........................................ Ward. R . DeC., and others. prizes for school work on weather and climate ........................................... Webster. Wm., early use of wire in kite flying ................ Wiesner. J., memoir on size of raindrops ..................... Willan. A., use of wire in kite flying ........................ Williams. Henry E . (See Table of Contents . Wilson. Hon . James. announcement by the decretary of Agri- culture .............................................. Woodward. Prof . S . M.. meteor near Tombstone. Ariz ........ Young. Dr . Thomas. theory of the kite ...................... Fisher's kite experiments .............................. '303 165 360 98 313 400 348 213 401 542 308 484 18 135 446 135 63 57 59 163 Zahm. Prof . A . F., air currents .............................. 310 Zendejas. Jos6. communicates Mexican data ... .17.61.98.212.259.308. 356.403.483. 538