MARC Value List for Relators and Roles

Network Development and MARC Standards Office
Library of Congress

Contents

Relator and Role Terms

Actor [act]
Use for a person who principally exhibits acting skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Adapter [adp]
Use for a person who 1) reworks a musical composition, usually for a different medium, or 2) rewrites novels or stories for motion pictures or other audiovisual medium.
Annotator [ann]
Use for a person who writes manuscript annotations on a printed item.
Applicant [app]
Appraiser
USE
Expert
Architect [arc]
Arranger [arr]
Use for a person who transcribes a musical composition, usually for a different medium from that of the original; in an arrangement the musical substance remains essentially unchanged.
Artist [art]
Use for a person (e.g., a painter) who conceives, and perhaps also implements, an original graphic design or work of art, if specific codes (e.g., [egr], [etr]) are not desired. For book illustrators, prefer Illustrator [ill].
UF
Graphic technician
Assignee [asg]
Use for a person or organization to whom a license for printing or publishing has been transferred.
Associated name [asn]
Use as a general relator for a name associated with or found in an item or collection, or which cannot be determined to be that of a Former owner [fmo] or other designated relator indicative of provenance.
Attributed name [att]
Use to relate an author, artist, etc. to a work for which there is or once was substantial authority for designating that person as author, creator, etc. of the work.
UF
Supposed name
Auctioneer [auc]
Use for a person or corporate body in change or the estimation and public auctioning of goods, particularly books, artistic works, etc.
Author [aut]
Use for a person or corporate body chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility.
UF
Joint author
Author in quotations or text extracts [aqt]
Use for a person whose work is largely quoted or extracted in a works to which he or she did not contribute directly. Such quotations are found particularly in exhibition catalogs, collections of photographs, etc.
Author of afterword, colophon, etc. [aft]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for an afterword, postface, colophon, etc. but who is not the chief author of a work.
Author of dialog [aud]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the dialog or spoken commentary for a screenplay or sound recording.
Author of introduction, etc. [aui]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for an introduction, preface, foreword, or other critical introductory matter, but who is not the chief author.
Author of screenplay, etc. [aus]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for a motion picture screenplay, dialog, spoken commentary, etc.
Bibliographic antecedent [ant]
Use for the author responsible for a work upon which the work represented by the catalog record is based. This may be appropriate for adaptations, sequels, continuations, indexes, etc.
Binder [bnd]
Binding designer [bdd]
UF
Designer of binding
Book designer [bkd]
Use for the person or firm responsible for the entire graphic design of a book, including arrangement of type and illustration, choice of materials, and process used.
UF
Designer of book
Book producer [bkp]
Use for the person or firm responsible for the production of books and other print media, if specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [egr], [tyd], [prt]) are not desired.
UF
Producer of book
Bookjacket designer [bjd]
UF
Designer of bookjacket
Bookplate designer [bpd]
UF
Designer of bookplate
Bookseller [bsl]
Bowdlerizer
USE
Censor
Calligrapher [cll]
Cartographer [ctg]
Censor [cns]
Use for a censor, bowdlerizer, expurgator, etc., official or private.
UF
Bowdlerizer
Expurgator
Choreographer [chr]
Use for a person who composes or arranges dances or other movements (e.g., "master of swords") for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Client [cli]
Use for a person or organization for whom another person or organization is acting.
Collaborator [clb]
Use for a person or corporate body that takes a limited part in the elaboration of a work of another person or corporate body that brings complements (e.g., appendices, notes) to the work.
Collector [col]
Use for a person who has brought together material from various sources, which has been arranged, described, and cataloged as a collection. The collector is neither the creator of the material nor the person to whom manuscripts in the collection may have been addressed.
Collotyper [clt]
Commentator [cmm]
Use for a person who provides interpretation, analysis, or a discussion of the subject matter on a recording, motion picture, or other audiovisual medium.
Commentator for written text [cwt]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the commentary or explanatory notes about a text. For the writer of manuscript annotations in a printed book, use Annotator [ann].
Compiler [com]
Use for a person who produces a work or publication by selecting and putting together material from the works of various persons or bodies.
Complainant [cpl]
Use for the party who applies to the courts for redress, usually in an equity proceeding.
Complainant-appellant [cpt]
Use for a complainant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.
Complainant-appellee [cpe]
Use for a complainant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.
Composer [cmp]
Use for a person who creates a musical work, usually a piece of music in manuscript or printed form.
Compositor [cmt]
UF
Typesetter
Conceptor [ccp]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the original idea on which a work is based, this includes the scientific author of an audio-visual item and the conceptor of an advertisement.
Conductor [cnd]
Use for a person who directs a performing group (orchestra, chorus, opera, etc.).
Consultant [csl]
Use for the person called upon for professional advice or services in a specialized field of knowledge or training.
Consultant to a project [csp]
Use for a person or corporate body engaged specifically to provide an intellectual overview of a strategic or operational task and by analysis, specification, or instruction, to create or propose a cost-effective course of action or solution.
Contestant [cos]
Use for the party who opposes, resists, or disputes, in a court of law, a claim, decision, result, etc.
Contestant-appellant [cot]
Use for a contestant who takes an appeal from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.
Contestant-appellee [coe]
Use for a contestant against whom an appeal is taken from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.
Contestee [cts]
Use for the party defending a claim, decision, result, etc. being opposed, resisted, or disputed in a court of law.
Contestee-appellant [ctt]
Use for a contestee who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.
Contestee-appellee [cte]
Use for a contestee against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment.
Contractor [ctr]
Use for the person or corporate body who enters into a contract with another person or corporate body to perform a specific task.
Contributor [ctb]
Use for one whose work has been contributed to a larger work, such as an anthology, serial publication, or other compilation of individual works. Do not use for someone whose sole function in relation to a work is as author, editor, compiler or translator.
Copyright claimant [cpc]
Use for the person listed as a copyright owner at the time of registration. Copyright can be granted or later transferred to another person or agent, at which time the claimant becomes the copyright holder.
Copyright holder [cph]
Corrector [crr]
Use for a corrector of manuscripts, such as the scriptorium official who corrected the work of a scribe. For printed matter, use Proofreader [pfr].
Correspondent [crp]
Use for a person or organization who was either the writer or recipient of a letter or other communication.
Costume designer [cst]
Use for a person who designs or makes costumes, fixes hair, etc., for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Counterfeiter
USE
Forger
Creator [cre]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work.
Curator of an exhibition [cur]
Use for a person who is responsible for conceiving and organizing an exhibition.
Dancer [dnc]
Use for a person who principally exhibits dancing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Dedicatee [dte]
Use for a person or organization to whom a book, manuscript, etc., is dedicated (not the recipient of a gift).
Dedicator [dto]
Use for the author of a dedication, which may be a formal statement or in epistolary or verse form.
Defendant [dfd]
Use for the party defending or denying allegations made in a suit and against whom relief or recovery is sought in the courts, usually in a legal action.
Defendant-appellant [dft]
Use for a defendant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action.
Defendant-appellee [dfe]
Use for a defendant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action.
Degree grantor [dgg]
Use for the corporate body granting a degree for which the thesis or dissertation described was presented.
Delineator [dln]
Use for a person or organization executing technical drawings from others' designs.
Deponent
USE
Witness
Depositor [dpt]
Use for a person or organization placing material in the physical custody of a library or repository without transferring the legal title.
Designer [dsr]
Use for a person or organization responsible for design if specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [tyd]) are not desired.
Designer of binding
USE
Binding designer
Designer of book
USE
Book designer
Designer of bookjacket
USE
Bookjacket designer
Designer of bookplate
USE
Bookplate designer
Designer of type
USE
Type designer
Director [drt]
Use for a person who is responsible for the general management of a work or who supervises the production of a performance for stage, screen, or sound recording.
Dissertant [dis]
Use for a person who presents a thesis for a university or higher-level educational degree.
Distributor [dst]
Use for an agent or agency that has exclusive or shared marketing rights for an item.
Donor [dnr]
Use for the donor of a book, manuscript, etc., to its present owner. Donors to previous owners are designated as Former owner [fmo] or Inscriber [ins].
Draftsman [drm]
Use for the person who prepares technical or mechanical drawings.
UF
Technical draftsman
Dubious author [dub]
Use for a person or corporate body to which authorship has been dubiously or incorrectly ascribed.
Editor [edt]
Use for a person who prepares for publication a work not primarily his/her own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff.
Electrotyper [elt]
Engineer [eng]
Use for a person or organization that is responsible for technical planning and design, particularly with construction.
Engraver [egr]
Etcher [etr]
Expert [exp]
Use for a person in charge of the description and appraisal of the value of goods, particularly rare items, works of art, etc.
UF
Appraiser
Eyewitness
USE
Witness
Expurgator
USE
Censor
Facsimilist [fac]
Use for the person or body that executed the facsimile.
UF
Copier
Film editor [flm]
Use for an editor of a motion picture film. This term is used regardless of the medium upon which the motion picture is produced or manufactured (e.g., acetate film, video tape).
UF
Motion picture editor
Forger [frg]
UF
Copier
Counterfeiter
Former owner [fmo]
Use for the person or organization who owned an item at any time in the past. Includes those to whom the material was once presented. The person or organization giving the item to the present owner is designated as Donor [dnr]
Funder [fnd]
Use for the person or agency that furnished financial support for the production of the work.
Graphic technician
USE
Artist
[Relator term "Graphic technician" (coded [grt]) used before March 1988 only.]
Honoree [hnr]
Use for the person in memory or honor of whom a book, manuscript, etc. is donated.
UF
Memorial
Host [hst]
Use for the person who is invited or regularly leads a program (often broadcast) that includes other guests, performers, etc. (e.g., talk show host).
Illuminator [ilu]
Illustrator [ill]
Use for the person who conceives, and perhaps also implements, a design or illustration, usually to accompany a written text.
Imprimatur
USE
Licensor
Inscriber [ins]
Use for the person who signs a presentation statement.
Instrumentalist [itr]
Use for a person who principally plays an instrument in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Interviewee [ive]
Interviewer [ivr]
Inventor [inv]
Investigator
USE
Originator
Joint author
USE
Author
Landscape architect [lsa]
Use for the person or organization whose work involves coordinating the arrangement of existing and proposed land features and structures.
Lender [len]
Use for a person or organization permitting the temporary use of a book, manuscript, etc., such as for photocopying or microfilming.
Libelant [lil]
Use for the party who files a libel in an ecclesiastical or admiralty case.
Libelant-appellant [lit]
Use for a libelant who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.
Libelant-appellee [lie]
Use for a libelant against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.
Libelee [lel]
Use for the party against whom a libel has been filed in an ecclesiastical court or admiralty.
Libelee-appellant [let]
Use for a libelee who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.
Libelee-appellee [lee]
Use for a libelee against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment.
Librettist [lbt]
Use for the writer of the text of an opera, oratorio, etc.
Licensee [lse]
Use for the original recipient of the right to print or publish.
Licensor [lso]
Use for the signer of the license, imprimatur, etc.
UF
Imprimatur
Lithographer [ltg]
Use for the person who prepares the stone or plate for lithographic printing, including a graphic artist creating a design directly on the surface from which printing will be done.
Lyricist [lyr]
Use for the writer of the text of a song.
Memorial
USE
Honoree
Metadata contact [mdc]
Use for the person or organization primarily responsible for compiling and maintaining the original description of a metadata set (e.g., geospatial metadata set).
Metal-engraver [mte]
Moderator [mod]
Use for the person who leads a program (often broadcast) where topics are discussed, usually with participation of experts in fields related to the discussion.
Monitor [mon]
Use for a person or organization that supervises compliance with the contract and is responsible for the report and controls its distribution. Sometimes referred to as the grantee, or controlling agency.
Motion picture editor
USE
Film editor
Musician [mus]
Use for the person who performs music or contributes to the musical content of a work when it is not possible or desirable to identify the function more precisely.
Narrator [nrt]
Use for the speaker who relates the particulars of an act, occurrence, or course of events.
Observer
USE
Witness
Onlooker
USE
Witness
Opponent [opn]
Use for the person or corporate body responsible for opposing a thesis or dissertation.
Organizer of meeting [orm]
Use for the person or corporate body responsible for organizing a meeting for which an item is the report or proceedings.
Originator [org]
Use for the author or agency performing the work, i.e., the name of a person or organization associated with the intellectual content of the work. This category does not include the publisher or personal affiliation, or sponsor except where it is also the corporate author. Includes a person designated in the work as investigator or principal investigator.
UF
Principal investigator
Other [oth]
Use for relator codes from other lists which have no equivalent in the MARC list or for terms which have not been assigned a code.
Owner [own]
Use for the person or organization that currently owns an item or collection.
Papermaker [ppm]
Patent applicant [pta]
Use for the person or corporate body that applied for a patent.
Patent holder [pth]
Use for the person or corporate body that was granted the patent referred to by the item.
UF
Patentee
Patentee
USE
Patent holder
Patron [pat]
Use for the person responsible for commissioning a work. Usually a patron uses his or her means or influence to support the work of artists, writers, etc. This includes those who commission and pay for individual works.
Performer [prf]
User for a person who exhibits musical or acting skills i a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment, if specific codes for those functions ([act], [dnc], [itr], [voc], etc.) are not used. If specific codes are used, [prf] is used for a person whose principal skill is not known or specified.
Performer of research
USE
Researcher
Photographer [pht]
Use for the person or organization responsible for taking photographs, whether they are used in their original form or as reproductions.
Plaintiff [ptf]
Use for the party who complains or sues in court in a personal action, usually in a legal proceeding.
Plaintiff-appellant [ptt]
Use for a plaintiff who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding.
Plaintiff-appellee [pte]
Use for a plaintiff against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding.
Platemaker [plt]
Plates, Printer of
USE
Printer of Plates
Principal investigator
USE
Originator
Printer [prt]
Use for the person or organization who prints texts, whether from type or plates.
Printer of plates [pop]
Use for the person or organization who prints illustrations from plates.
UF
Plates, Printer of
Process contact [prc]
Use for a person or organization primarily responsible for performing or initiating a process, such as is done with the collection of metadata sets.
Producer [pro]
Use for a person who is responsible for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the productions, and the commercial success of the work.
Producer of book
USE
Book producer
Production personnel [prd]
Use for a person who is associated with the production (props, lighting, special effects, etc.) of a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Programmer [prg]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation.
Promoter
USE
Thesis advisor
Proofreader [pfr]
Use for a person who corrects printed matter. For manuscripts, use Corrector [crr].
Publisher [pbl]
Publishing director [pbd]
Use for a person who presides over the elaboration of a collective work to ensure its coherence or continuity. This includes editors-in-chief, literary editors, editors of series, etc.
Recipient [rcp]
Use for the person to whom correspondence is addressed.
Recording engineer [rce]
Use for a person who supervises the technical aspects of a sound or video recording session.
Redactor [red]
Use for a person who writes or develops the framework for an item without being intellectually responsible for its content.
Renderer [ren]
Use for the draftsman who prepares drawings of architectural designs (i.e., renderings) in accurate, representational perspective to show what the project will look like when completed.
Research team head [rth]
Use for the person or corporate body that directed or managed a research project.
Research team member [rtm]
Use for the person or corporate body that participated in a research project but whose role did not involve direction or management of it.
Researcher [res]
Use for the person or corporate body responsible for performing research.
UF
Performer of research
Respondent [rsp]
Use for the party who makes an answer to the courts pursuant to an application for redress, usually in an equity proceeding.
Respondent-appellant [rst]
Use for a respondent who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.
Respondent-appellee [rse]
Use for a respondent against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding.
Reviewer [rev]
Use for a person or corporate body responsible for the review of book, motion picture, performance, etc.
Rubricator [rbr]
Scenarist [sce]
Use for the author of a motion picture screenplay.
Scientific advisor [sad]
Use for a person who brings scientific, pedagogical, or historical competence to the conception and realization on a work, particularly in the case of audio-visual items.
Scribe [scr]
Use for an amanuensis and for a writer of manuscripts proper. For a person who makes pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac].
Sculptor [scl]
Use when the more general term Artist [art] is not desired.
Secretary [sec]
Use for a recorder, redactor, or other person responsible for expressing the views of a corporate body.
Signer [sgn]
Use for the person whose signature appears without a presentation or other statement indicative of provenance. When there is a presentation statement, use Inscriber [ins].
Singer [sng]
Use for a person who uses his or her voice with or without instrumental accompaniment to produce music. A singer's performance may or may not include actual words.
Speaker [spk]
Use for a person who participates in a program (often broadcast) and makes a formalized contribution or presentation generally prepared in advance.
Sponsor [spn]
Use for the person or agency that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, etc.
Standards body [stn]
Use for a corporate body or agency responsible for the development or enforcement of a standard.
Stereotyper [str]
Supposed name
USE
Attributed name
Surveyor [srv]
Use for a person or organization who does measurements of tracts of land, etc. to determine location, forms, and boundaries.
Technical draftsman
USE
Draftsman
Testifier
USE
Witness
Thesis advisor [ths]
Use for the person under whose supervision a degree candidate develops and presents a thesis, mémoire, or text of a dissertation.
UF Promoter
Transcriber [trc]
Use for a person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. For makers of pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac].
Translator [trl]
Use for a person who renders a text from one language into another, or from an older form of a language into the modern form.
Type designer [tyd]
Use for the person who designed the type face used in a particular item.
UF
Designer of type
Typesetter
USE
Compositor
Typographer [tyg]
Use for the person primarily responsible for choice and arrangement of type used in an item. If the typographer is also responsible for other aspects of the graphic design of a book (e.g., Book designer [bkd]), codes for both functions may be needed.
Vocalist [voc]
Use for a person who principally exhibits singing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment.
Witness [wit]
Use for a person who verifies the truthfulness of an event or action.
UF
Deponent
Eyewitness
Observer
Onlooker
Testifier
Wood-engraver [wde]
User for a person who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the end-grain of a wood block.
Woodcutter [wdc]
User for a person who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the plank side of a wood block.
Writer of accompanying material [wam]
Use for a person who writes significant material which accompanies a sound recording or other audiovisual material.

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Relator and Role Codes

act
Actor
adp
Adapter
aft
Author of afterword, colophon, etc.
ann
Annotator
ant
Bibliographic antecedent
app
Applicant
aqt
Author in quotations or text abstracts
arc
Architect
arr
Arranger
art
Artist
asg
Assignee
asn
Associated name
att
Attributed name
auc
Auctioneer
aud
Author of dialog
aui
Author of introduction
aus
Author of screenplay
aut
Author
bdd
Binding designer
bjd
Bookjacket designer
bkd
Book designer
bkp
Book producer
bnd
Binder
bpd
Bookplate designer
bsl
Bookseller
ccp
Conceptor
chr
Choreographer
clb
Collaborator
cli
Client
cll
Calligrapher
clt
Collotyper
cmm
Commentator
cmp
Composer
cmt
Compositor
cnd
Conductor
cns
Censor
coe
Contestant-appellee
col
Collector
com
Compiler
cos
Contestant
cot
Contestant-appellant
cpc
Copyright claimant
cpe
Complainant-appellee
cph
Copyright holder
cpl
Complainant
cpt
Complainant-appellant
cre
Creator
crp
Correspondent
crr
Corrector
csl
Consultant
csp
Consultant to a project
cst
Costume designer
ctb
Contributor
cte
Contestee-appellee
ctg
Cartographer
ctr
Contractor
cts
Contestee
ctt
Contestee-appellant
cur
Curator
cwt
Commentator for written text
dfd
Defendant
dfe
Defendant-appellee
dft
Defendant-appellant
dgg
Degree grantor
dis
Dissertant
dln
Delineator
dnc
Dancer
dnr
Donor
dpt
Depositor
drm
Draftsman
drt
Director
dsr
Designer
dst
Distributor
dte
Dedicatee
dto
Dedicator
dub
Dubious author
edt
Editor
egr
Engraver
elt
Electrotyper
eng
Engineer
etr
Etcher
exp
Expert
fac
Facsimilist
flm
Film editor
fmo
Former owner
fnd
Funder
frg
Forger
-grt
Graphic technician
hnr
Honoree
hst
Host
ill
Illustrator
ilu
Illuminator
ins
Inscriber
inv
Inventor
itr
Instrumentalist
ive
Interviewee
ivr
Interviewer
lbt
Librettist
lee
Libelee-appellee
lel
Libelee
len
Lender
let
Libelee-appellant
lie
Libelant-appellee
lil
Libelant
lit
Libelant-appellant
lsa
Landscape architect
lse
Licensee
lso
Licensor
ltg
Lithographer
lyr
Lyricist
mdc
Metadata contact
mod
Moderator
mon
Monitor
mte
Metal-engraver
mus
Musician
nrt
Narrator
opn
Opponent
org
Originator
orm
Organizer of meeting
oth
Other
own
Owner
pat
Patron
pbd
Publishing director
pbl
Publisher
pfr
Proofreader
pht
Photographer
plt
Platemaker
pop
Printer of plates
ppm
Papermaker
prc
Process contact
prd
Production personnel
prf
Performer
prg
Programmer
pro
Producer
prt
Printer
pta
Patent applicant
pte
Plaintiff-appellee
ptf
Plaintiff
pth
Patent holder
ptt
Plaintiff-appellant
rbr
Rubricator
rce
Recording engineer
rcp
Recipient
red
Redactor
ren
Renderer
res
Researcher
rev
Reviewer
rse
Respondent-appellee
rsp
Respondent
rst
Respondent-appellant
rth
Research team head
rtm
Research team member
sad
Scientific advisor
sce
Scenarist
scr
Scribe
scl
Sculptor
sec
Secretary
sgn
Signer
sng
Singer
spk
Speaker
spn
Sponsor
srv
Surveyor
stn
Standards body
str
Stereotyper
ths
Thesis advisor
trc
Transcriber
trl
Translator
tyd
Type designer
tyg
Typographer
voc
Vocalist
wam
Writer of accompanying material
wdc
Woodcutter
wde
Wood-engraver
wit
Witness

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Maintenance

The Library of Congress is the maintenance agency for the lists in this document. Questions and requests for information should be sent to: Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue, S.E., Washington, DC 20540-4402; Fax: +1-202-707-0115; Internet: ndmso@loc.gov. Requests for additions to the code or term lists should include a full bibliographic citation (and photocopy of the title page, if available) for the item to be added.

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