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Contents 1 A serious problem 15 2 Let¿s Nail It! A hypothetical nail salon - Part I 17 3 Let¿s Nail It! - Part II 23 4 Death of Kimberly Jackson & Jessica Mears 27 5 Vital health practices for the consumer 35 6 The salon industry in perspective 45 7 Salon industry trade shows 53 8 Violations at Tennessee Board of Cosmetology 59 9 Your nail anatomy 65 10 The war of the microbes in nail salons 69 11 Fungus, molds, and yeast 79 12 Viruses responsible for health problems worldwide 83 13 Global parasitic threats 87 14 Nail disease and treatments 89 15 If your nails are discolored 93 16 Minerals, food, vitamins that may help nails 103 17 Whirlpool infection outbreaks 109 18 Hepatitis in nail salons 121 19 What is in nail polish? 127 20 Just for fun - a history of nail polish 131 21 Artificial nails: acrylics, gels, wraps 165 22 Damage to nails - and other salon injuries 171 23 A baker¿s dozen of 12-Step Programs 179 24 The top 10 things State Boards need to do 199 25 Case studies 215 26 Letters from physicians and professional nail techs 223 27 What to look out for in a nail salon 255 28 Five questions consumers should have to answer 257 29 Referrals to medical professionals 261 30 What is an accredited beauty school? 267 31 The benefits of manicures and pedicures 273 32 Nail salon infection survey and comments 275 Appendix A State Boards of Cosmetology for 287 reporting violations Appendix B. Grading of each state¿s safety 297 Figures / Illustrations 1. Decreasing order of resistance of microorganizisms to germicidal chemicals 41 2. Incomplete bioburden removal by ultrasonic cleaning. 44 3. Cleaning by a thermal disinfector 44 4. Electron microscopic view of cutting edge of low carbon surgical steel instrument/needle 44 5. Electron microscopic view of pitted surfaces of a ¿smooth¿ low carbon surgical steel instrument, demonstrating recesses where bacteria can adhere 44 6. Nail Anatomy 68 7. Multiple Credo® blade injuries on heel and bunion callus (regness and healing cuts three weeks after a salon visit. Insets show enlargement of nicks/cuts 143 8. Patient who received a manicure and pedicure four months prior to podiatrist office visit 144 9. Nail fungus form a pedicure four months prior to podiatrist office visit 144 10. nail fungus from pedicure six months prior to podiatrist office visit 145 11. Fungal infection: Nail ¿darkened¿ after pedicure 145 12. Pseudonomas (¿Greenies¿) from artificial nail on thumb 147 13. Nail fungus under polish from a pedicure 147 14. Dermatitis and onycholysis from artificial nail ¿Homekit¿ applied by patient 148 15. Injury following artificial nail removed by prying 148 16. Patient who had amputation of right 2nd toe following a staph infection by a nail tech who provided a crn removal service with a Credo® blade in an assisted living home 149 17. Viral infection (herpes) on toe confirmed by Tzanck test; family history of herpes and fever blisters on mouth 149 18. Severe ingrown nail 150 19. Common ingrow nail 150 20. Patient with neuropathy (cannot feel probe) 151 21. Paraplegic with heel ulcer 151 22. X-Ray showing nail art. Nail technician referred patient for painful big toe. Patient has bone spur directly under nail art 152 23. X-Ray showing nail art and bone spur. Same patient as above with great toe pain. 152 24. Patient with nail art who had swelling and pain in forefoot 153 25. X-Ray of same patient with nail art who has mid shaft fracture of 2nd metatarsal 153 26. Severe case of tinea pedis (athletes foot) and ingrown toenail 154 27. Improvement after one month of oral antifungal and antibiotic treatment with additional nail surgery 154 28. Onycholysis with infection from pedicure 154 29. Onychocryptosis or ¿pincher nail¿ 154 30. Wart or callus? Both. Wart (yellow color) above the callus (white color) underneath wart 155 31. Wart or callus? Wart 155 32. Wart, cancer, or callus? Wart 155 33. Wart, cancer, or callus? Wart 155 34. Wart or callus? Wart 156 35. Wart or callus? Callus 156 36. Wart or callus? Callus 156 37. Wart or callus? Callus 156 38. Infected and inflamed ¿corn¿ Heloma durham 156 39. Nail fungus and Pseudomongus 156 40. Stainless steel basinin pedicure whirlpool chairs are best choice for cleaning surfaces. 157 41. Fiberglass whirlpool basin. Manufactures say to use non-abrasive cleaning agents which may lead to ineffective cleaning. 157 42. Pedicure whirlpool ¿Throne Chair¿ - Photo by Betty Davis 157 43. Premier Beauty Show, Orlando, Florida 158 44. ¿Nail Bar¿ - Photo by Betty Davis 158
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Foot -- Care and hygiene.
Nails (Anatomy) -- Care and hygiene.
Beauty shops.