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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Methyl Methacrylate |
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General Description
Synonyms: Methacrylate monomer; Methyl ester of methacrylic acid; Methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1774
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 80-62-6
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: OZ5075000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1247 129P [27 KB PDF] (inhibited)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Methyl Methacrylate: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 100 ppm, 410 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 100 ppm, 410 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 100 ppm, 410 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 50 ppm, 205 mg/m3 TWA; 100 ppm, 410 mg/m3 STEL; SEN; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 100 ppm, 410 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans [89 KB PDF]
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 1,000 ppm
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat; cough, shortness of breath, sore throat; skin sensitization, allergic contact dermatitis; nail dystrophy, infection (onycholysis), separation (paronychia), paresthesia (burning, tingling, numbness) at the fingertips; allergic rhinitis; asthma; INGES. ACUTE: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Mild (HE16); Respiratory sensitization (asthma, rhinitis) (HE9); Mutagen (HE2); Suspect teratogen (HE5)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Notes:
- Vapor/air mixtures may be explosive.
- EPA’s oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) of methyl methacrylate is 1.4 mg/kg/day. Its reference concentration for chronic inhalation exposure (RfC) is 0.7 mg/m3.
- Although the FDA does not have a regulation that prohibits the use of methyl methacrylate monomer in cosmetic finger-nail preparations, the FDA considers it to be a poisonous and deleterious substance.
- Because acrylate-based materials have largely replaced amalgams in restorative dentistry, dental personnel represent another occupational group at risk for developing contact allergy to methyl methacrylate.
- Methanol is a hydrolysis product of methyl methacrylate in the body and has been proposed as a biological marker of occupational exposure to airborne methyl methacrylate, when measured in blood, serum, or urine. End of workday levels of approximately 8.2 and 14.5 mg methanol per liter of urine were suggested in one study to correspond to TWA exposure levels of 50 and 100 ppm, respectively.
Date Last Revised: 02/01/2006
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Methyl Methacrylate.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Methyl methacrylate.
- U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Methyl methacrylate (CASRN 80-62-6).
- U.S. FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition/Office of Cosmetics and Colors: Prohibited ingredients and related safety issues (revised May 2005).
- Fisher, A.A. and Baran, R.L.: Adverse reactions to acrylate sculptured nails with particular reference to prolonged paresthesia. Am. J. Contact Dermatitis 2(1): 38-42, 1991.
- Freeman, S., Lee, M.-S. and Gudmundsen, K.: Adverse contact reactions to sculpted acrylic nails: 4 case reports and a literature review. Contact Dermatitis 33(6): 381-385, 1995.
- Mizunuma, K., et al.: Biological monitoring and possible health effects in workers occupationally exposed to methyl methacrylate. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 65(4): 227-232, 1993.
- Piirilä, P., et al.: Occupational respiratory hypersensitivity caused by preparations containing acrylates in dental personnel. Clin. Exp. Allergy 28(11): 1404-1411, 1998.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Methyl Methacrylate Monomer. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1594-1596.
- Wrangsjo, K., Swartling, C. and Meding, B.: Occupational dermatitis in dental personnel: contact dermatitis with special reference to (meth)acrylates in 174 patients. Contact Dermatitis 45(3): 158-163, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Coated Charcoal Tube (110/55 mg sections; 20/40 mesh); Coating is 10% (w/w) 4-t-Butylcatechol.
analytical solvent: Toluene
alternate analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
maximum volume: 3 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.05 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 94)
method classification: Fully Validated
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sampling media: XAD-2 Tube (400/200 mg sections; 20/50 mesh)
analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
maximum volume: 8 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.05 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH 2537) [95 KB PDF]
method classification: Fully Validated
note: Ship cold.
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