BOREAS TE-06 Biomass and Foliage Area Data Summary The BOREAS TE-06 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on the plant biomass, allometry, biometry, sapwood, leaf area index, net primary production, soil temperature, leaf water potential, soil CO2 flux, and multivegetation imagery of boreal vegetation. This data set contains measurements of estimates of the standing biomass and leaf area index for the plant species at the TF, CEV, and AUX sites in the SSA and NSA during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995. Table of Contents * 1 Data Set Overview * 2 Investigator(s) * 3 Theory of Measurements * 4 Equipment * 5 Data Acquisition Methods * 6 Observations * 7 Data Description * 8 Data Organization * 9 Data Manipulations * 10 Errors * 11 Notes * 12 Application of the Data Set * 13 Future Modifications and Plans * 14 Software * 15 Data Access * 16 Output Products and Availability * 17 References * 18 Glossary of Terms * 19 List of Acronyms * 20 Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS TE-06 Biomass and Foliage Area Data 1.2 Data Set Introduction Biomass, sapwood volume, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) estimates were conducted at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) and Northern Study Area (NSA) during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995 as part of an effort by the Terrestrial Ecology (TE)-06 team to develop carbon budgets for various Canadian boreal forest types. The biomass of a forest provides information on the amount of carbon sequestered by a given forest type over the stand history and thereby provides information regarding its successional status and functional characteristics. LAI provides information on the area of photosynthesizing material within a forest. Sapwood volume can be used to estimate stem respiration. The biomass data are reported in kg carbon/ha, the LAI is reported in m2 of leaf area/m2 of ground based on needle hemisurface area (Chen et al., 1997) for conifer sites, and sapwood volume estimates are in m3 of sapwood/m2 of ground. All estimates were derived from plots located at each site and allometric equations. Understory biomass estimates for the Tower Flux (TF) and Carbon Evaluation (CEV) sites are also provided. 1.3 Objective/Purpose The purpose of this work was to quantify the standing biomass, sapwood volume, and LAI for the TF, CEV, and Auxiliary (AUX) sites and the forest floor for the TF and CEV sites. 1.4 Summary of Parameters The data records include measurements of stem biomass, sapwood volume, foliage biomass, understory biomass, and LAI. 1.5 Discussion Biomass, sapwood volume, and LAI are important, if not defining, characteristics of forests. These variables not only indicate the past growth of a forest, but also are key variables for models that describe the exchange of heat, energy, carbon dioxide, and water between the forest and the atmosphere as well as for models that describe the forest's biogeochemical cycle. To determine the biomass, sapwood volume, and LAI for each of the TF, CEV, and AUX sites, diameter measurements were made for variable radius and fixed area plots. Allometric equations that use the diameter as the independent variable were developed to predict biomass (i.e., stem, branch, foliage), sapwood volume, and leaf area for each tree within the plot. Based on the plot size or the variable radius factor used, each tree in a plot represented a number of other trees per hectare (Dilworth and Bell, 1979), and this 'scaling factor' was then used to scale all biomass and leaf area estimates to the hectare. Allometric equations were developed for the dominant overstory species (Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides, Picea mariana, Picea glauca) at each TF site and some CEV sites from a harvest in August 1994. A complete description of the development of the allometry equations is provided in the TE-06 Allemetry Documentation. Equations for Alnus crispa were developed from an allometry harvest in August 1995. The allometric equations for Populus tremuloides were used for Populus balsamifera, Salix sp., and Betula papyrifera, while equations for Larix laricina are from Kloeppel and Vogel (unpublished data), contact J.G. Vogel for information. Biomass equations for Abies balsamea were from Singh (1986). Biomass, sapwood volume, and LAI estimates for the TF and CEV sites are of good quality because they were derived from site-specific allometric equations. Some of the AUX site foliage biomass and LAI estimates suffered from not being derived from site-specific allometric equations, and some estimates were excluded from the data set for this reason. Sapwood volume estimates were not provided for the AUX sites. From a spatial perspective, the tower site plots were located in areas that approximated the forest within the Wind Aligned Blob (WAB), while the CEV and AUX plots were located to describe the forest within a 30 x 30 m area. The WAB was the area around a flux tower where most of the measured fluxes originated. During BOREAS, access to this area was limited to prevent contamination of flux measurements. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS RSS-04 1994 Southern Study Area Jack Pine LAI and FPAR Data BOREAS TE-06 1994 Soil and Air Temperatures in the NSA BOREAS TE-06 Predawn Leaf Water Potentials and Foliage Moisture Contents BOREAS TE-06 Biomass Estimate Data BOREAS TE-06 Multiband Vegetation Imager Data BOREAS TE-06 Allometry Data BOREAS TE-06 NPP for the Tower Flux, Carbon Evaluation, and Auxiliary sites 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title Tom Gower, Professor 2.2 Title of Investigation Measurement and Scaling of Carbon Budgets for Contrasting Boreal Forest Sites 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1: Stith T. Gower Madison WI (608) 262-0532 stgower@facstaff.wisc.edu Contact 2: Jason G Vogel Madison WI (608) 262 6369 vogel@calshp.cals.wisc.edu Contact 3: Andrea Papagno Raytheon ITSS NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-3134 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Andrea.Papagno@gsfc.nasa.gov Contact 4: Shelaine Curd Raytheon ITSS NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-2447 (301) 286-0239 (fax) shelaine.curd@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements The amount of biomass and leaf area produced by a plant is the net result of photosynthesis. The use of allometric equations that are based on a subsample of trees to predict biomass, sapwood volume, and LAI for the forest overall is a common practice. Fairly accurate total or stem biomass estimates can often be made using generalized equations; however, site-specific equations yield the best estimates for foliage mass and leaf. 4. Equipment 4.1 Instrument Description 10 Basal Area Factor (BAF) prism, tree diameter tape, 50-m measuring tape. 4.1.1 Collection Environment Measurements were made under a variety of field conditions that had no effect on the quality of estimates. 4.1.2 Source/Platform Not applicable. 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives Not applicable. 4.1.4 Key Variables DIAMETER MEAN_BASAL_AREA TREE_STEM_DENSITY PLOT_ID NEW_FOLIAGE_BIOMASS_DENSITY PREV_YRS_FOLIAGE_BIOMASS_DENS TOTAL_FOLIAGE_BIOMASS_DENSITY NEW_BRANCH_BIOMASS_DENSITY PREV_YRS_BRANCH_BIOMASS_DENS TOTAL_BRANCH_BIOMASS_DENSITY LIVE_STEM_BIOMASS_DENSITY LIVE_TOTAL_TREE_BIOMASS_DENS MEAN_DEAD_TREE_BIOMASS_DENSITY SAPWOOD_VOLUME_DENSITY NEW_FOLIAGE_AREA_INDEX PREV_YRS_FOLIAGE_AREA_INDEX TOTAL_FOLIAGE_AREA_INDEX 4.1.5 Principles of Operation Not applicable. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry Not applicable. 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument Not applicable. 4.2 Calibration Not applicable. 4.2.1 Specifications Not applicable. 4.2.1.1 Tolerance Not applicable. 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration Not applicable. 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information Not applicable. 5. Data Acquisition Methods Plots were established using a either a 10 BAF prism or a measuring tape. The diameter of each tree was measured at diameter at breast height (DBH) 1.37 m. At a number of sites, tree diameters were measured at the base (10 cm) to better facilitate accurate biomass estimates; these sites are marked by (&) in the data sets. One site, G2L7S, had trees measured both at the base and at DBH. The diameter measured from each tree was then used in an allometric equation to determine biomass, leaf area, etc. for each tree. The AUX sites measured at the base are listed below: SSA NSA ----- ----- G8L6P T7R9S H1E4S T8S4S G2L7S T8S9P T8T1P U5W5S U6W5S T4U5A Understory vegetation was sampled from a 2 x 2 or 1 x 1 m subplot that was randomly located in each of the plots. The subplot size varied depending on plant density. All vegetation in the plot was clipped and stored in a cold room (3 °C) until processed. Samples were separated into three categories: ephemeral, new foliage and twig from perennial plants, and old foliage and twig from perennial plants. Samples were dried and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. 6. Observations 6.1 Data Notes None given. 6.2 Field Notes None given. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage Four replicate plots were established immediately outside the footprint of the tower. The plots were located in areas that reasonably represented the vegetation within the WAB and should provide accurate stand-level descriptions. The WAB was the area around a flux tower where most of the measured fluxes originated. During BOREAS, access to this area was limited to prevent contamination of flux measurements. The plot size varied from 7.5 x 7.5 m to 30 x 30 m depending upon tree density. The number of trees per plot ranged from 60 to 120. The CEV and AUX sites were sampled to describe the biomass within a 30 x 30 meter area. The measurement sites and associated North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are: SSA-9OA-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: C3B7T, Lat/Long: 53.62889° N, 106.19779° W, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 13, N: 5942899.9, E: 420790.5 SSA-YJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: F8L6T, Lat/Long: 53.87581° N, 104.64529° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5969762.5, E: 523320.2 SSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634° N, 104.69203° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974257.5, E: 520227.7 SSA-OBS-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G8I4T, Lat/Long: 53.98717° N, 105.11779° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5982100.5, E: 492276.5 NSA-OBS-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T3R8T, Lat/Long: 55.88007° N, 98.48139° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192853.4, E: 532444.5 NSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T7Q8T, Lat/Long: 55.92842° N, 98.62396° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6198176.3, E: 523496.2 NSA-YJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T8S9T, Lat/Long: 55.89575° N, 98.28706° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194706.9, E: 544583.9 SSA-ASP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: B9B7A, Lat/Long: 53.59098° N, 106.18693° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5938447.2, E: 421469.8 SSA-9BS-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: D0H6S, Lat/Long: 53.64877° N, 105.29534° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5944263.4, E: 480508.7 SSA-ASP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: D6L9A, Lat/Long: 53.66879° N, 104.6388° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5946733.2, E: 523864 SSA-ASP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: D9G4A, Lat/Long: 53.74019° N, 105.46929° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5954718.4, E: 469047.1 SSA-ASP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: E7C3A, Lat/Long: 53.84741° N, 106.08112° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5966863.1, E: 428905.9 SSA-MIX-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: F1N0M, Lat/Long: 53.80594° N, 104.533° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5962031.8, E: 530753.7 SSA-9JP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: F5I6P, Lat/Long: 53.86608° N, 105.11175° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5968627.1, E: 492651.3 SSA-9JP-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: F7J0P, Lat/Long: 53.88336° N, 105.05115° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5970323.3, E: 496667 SSA-9JP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: F7J1P, Lat/Long: 53.88211° N, 105.03226° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5970405.6, E: 497879.4 SSA-9JP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: G1K9P, Lat/Long: 53.9088° N, 104.74812° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5973404.5, E: 516546.7 SSA-9BS-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: G2I4S, Lat/Long: 53.93021° N, 105.13964° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5975766.3, E: 490831.4 SSA-9BS-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: G2L7S, Lat/Long: 53.90349° N, 104.63785° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5972844.3, E: 523793.6 SSA-MIX-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: G4I3M, Lat/Long: 53.9375° N, 105.14246° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5976354.9, E: 490677.3 SSA-9JP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: G4K8P, Lat/Long: 53.91883° N, 104.76401° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974516.6, E: 515499.1 SSA-9BS-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: G6K8S, Lat/Long: 53.94446° N, 104.759° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5977146.9, E: 515847.9 SSA-9JP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: G7K8P, Lat/Long: 53.95882° N, 104.77148° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5978963.8, E: 514994.2 SSA-9JP-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: G8L6P, Lat/Long: 53.96558° N, 104.63755° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5979752.7, E: 523778 SSA-9BS-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: G9I4S, Lat/Long: 53.99877° N, 105.11805° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5983169.1, E: 492291.2 SSA-9JP-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: G9L0P, Lat/Long: 53.97576° N, 104.73779° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5980856, E: 517197.7 SSA-9BS-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: H1E4S, Lat/Long: 54.04093° N, 105.73581° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5988326.1, E: 451815.7 SSA-MIX-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: H2D1M, Lat/Long: 54.06535° N, 105.92706° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5991190.3, E: 439327.7 SSA-9BS-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: H2D1S, Lat/Long: 54.06199° N, 105.92545° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5990814.4, E: 439428.1 SSA-MIX-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: H3D1M, Lat/Long: 54.066° N, 105.92982° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5991042.3, E: 439178.4 SSA-9JP-AUX10, Op. Grid ID: I2I8P, Lat/Long: 54.11181° N, 105.05107° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5995963.1, E: 496661.4 NSA-ASP-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: P7V1A, Lat/Long: 55.50253° N, 98.07478° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6151103.7, E: 558442.1 NSA-MIX-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: Q1V2M, Lat/Long: 55.54568° N, 98.03769° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6155937.3, E: 560718.3 NSA-9JP-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: Q3V3P, Lat/Long: 55.55712° N, 98.02473° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6157222.2, E: 561517.9 x NSA-ASP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: R8V8A, Lat/Long: 55.67779° N, 97.8926° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6170774.8, E: 569638.4 NSA-9BS-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: S8W0S, Lat/Long: 55.76824° N, 97.84024° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6180894.9, E: 572761.9 NSA-ASP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: S9P3A, Lat/Long: 55.88576° N, 98.87621° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193371.6, E: 507743.3 NSA-MIX-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: T0P5M, Lat/Long: 55.88911° N, 98.85662° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193747.3, E: 508967.7 NSA-9BS-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: T0P7S, Lat/Long: 55.88371° N, 98.82345° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193151.1, E: 511043.9 NSA-9BS-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T0P8S, Lat/Long: 55.88351° N, 98.80225° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193132, E: 512370.1 NSA-9BS-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: T0W1S, Lat/Long: 55.78239° N, 97.80937° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6182502, E: 574671.7 NSA-9OA-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: T2Q6A, Lat/Long: 55.88691° N, 98.67479° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193540.7, E: 520342 NSA-9BS-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: T3U9S, Lat/Long: 55.83083° N, 97.98339° W, UTM 14, N: 6187719.2, E: 563679.1 NSA-ASP-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T4U5A, Lat/Long: 55.84757° N, 98.04329° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6189528.2, E: 559901.6 NSA-9BS-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: T4U8S, Lat/Long: 55.83913° N, 97.99325° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6188633.4, E: 563048.2 NSA-9BS-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T4U9S, Lat/Long: 55.83455° N, 97.98364° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6188132.8, E: 563657.5 NSA-9BS-AUX14, Op. Grid ID: T5Q7S, Lat/Long: 55.9161° N, 98.64022° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196800.5, E: 522487.2 NSA-9BS-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: T6R5S, Lat/Long: 55.90802° N, 98.51865° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195947, E: 530092 NSA-9BS-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: T6T6S, Lat/Long: 55.87968° N, 98.18658° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192987.9, E: 550887.9 NSA-9BS-AUX13, Op. Grid ID: T7R9S, Lat/Long: 55.91506° N, 98.44877° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196763.6, E: 534454.5 NSA-9JP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: T7S9P, Lat/Long: 55.89486° N, 98.30037° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194599.1, E: 543752.4 NSA-9BS-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: T7T3S, Lat/Long: 55.89358° N, 98.22621° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194505.6, E: 548391.8 NSA-9JP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: T8Q9P, Lat/Long: 55.93219° N, 98.6105° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6198601.4, E: 524334.5 NSA-ASP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T8S4A, Lat/Long: 55.91856° N, 98.37041° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6197194.6, E: 539348.3 NSA-9BS-AUX15, Op. Grid ID: T8S4S, Lat/Long: 55.91689° N, 98.37111° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6197008.6, E: 539306.4 NSA-9JP- AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T8S9P, Lat/Long: 55.90456° N, 98.28385° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195688.9, E: 544774.3 NSA-9JP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: T8T1P, Lat/Long: 55.90539° N, 98.26269° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195795.3, E: 546096.3 NSA-9JP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T9Q8P, Lat/Long: 55.93737° N, 98.59568° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6199183.2, E: 525257.1 NSA-9BS-AUX10, Op. Grid ID: U5W5S, Lat/Long: 55.9061° N, 97.70986° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196380.8, E: 580655.5 NSA-9BS-AUX12, Op. Grid ID: U6W5S, Lat/Long: 55.91021° N, 97.70281° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196846.5, E: 581087.8 NSA-ASP-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: V5X7A, Lat/Long: 55.97396° N, 97.48565° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6204216.6, E: 594506.1 NSA-ASP-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: W0Y5A, Lat/Long: 56.00339° N, 97.3355° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6207706.6, E: 603796.6 NSA-9JP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: 99O9P, Lat/Long: 55.88173° N, 99.03952° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192917.5, E: 497527.8 NSA-ASP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: Q3V2A, Lat/Long: 55.56227° N, 98.02635° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6157793.5, E: 561407.9 SSA-MIX-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: D9I1M, Lat/Long: 53.7254° N, 105.20643° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5952989.7, E: 486379.7 SSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634° N, 104.69203° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974257.5, E: 520227.7 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Not applicable. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution These data are point source measurements at the given locations. 7.1.4 Projection Not applicable. 7.1.5 Grid Description Not applicable. 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage The biomass estimates were made for 1994 and 1995. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map Not applicable. 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution Some but not all of the sites were sampled each year to determine values for 1994 and 1995. 7.3 Data Characteristics Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (te6bmflg.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (te6bmflg.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity All of the biomass and foliage area data are in one file. 8.2 Data Format(s) The data files contain American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition file (te6bmflg.def). 9. Data Manipulations 9.1 Formulae Tree biomass was calculated from a diameter measurement and an allometric equation, and then scaled to the hectare level using a plot scaling factor that reflects the tree's representative size in relation to the plot size (Dilworth and Bell, 1979). Allometric equations are generally developed on a log-log basis to correct for nonhomogeneous variance (see TE-06 Allometry Documentation). Biomass by component: (1) (Kg/hemisurface area) = (INVLOG(a + b (LOG (diameter)))) * PLOT SCALING FACTOR Where a (the slope) and b (the y intercept) are in the equation y=a(x)+b. 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms Not applicable. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence Not applicable. 9.2.1 Processing Steps Not applicable. 9.2.2 Processing Changes Not applicable. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments Not applicable. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables Not applicable. 9.4 Graphs and Plots Not applicable. 10. Errors 10.1 Sources of Error The greatest potential source of error other researchers need to be aware of for the TF sites is not from our data collection or calculation, but rather from differences in vegetation between where other researchers may have worked and where we located our plots. Researchers should contact Tom Gower if they feel plot location may be affecting any corroboration between their and our estimates. A second error that may affect the agreement between the numbers provided here and the numbers found by other researchers for the TF sites are differences in dates between the time of DBH measurement (October 1993) and the time the allometric equations were developed (August 1994). This error had the greatest effect on the foliage biomass and leaf area measurements, although it is likely small in either case. For the auxiliary sites, difficulty surrounding the efficacy of non-site- specific allometric equations in estimating LAI and foliage biomass is a problem for a number of sites. Estimating overstory biomass from non-site-specific equations for wood and branch biomass is problematic when the diameters of the trees measured are smaller or larger than the diameters of the trees that were harvested to develop the allometric equation. For this reason, in plots where there were trees larger or smaller than the trees harvested for the allometric equation, only the total biomass is reported. 10.2 Quality Assessment The data provided are of generally good quality with the above considerations taken into account. 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source It is not possible to validate the data without developing new allometric equations and/or installing new plots. A check was performed using published allometric equations, and there was generally good agreement for total biomass (<10%) at all sites, but poor agreement for foliage mass and LAI, which is not unexpected. Because of the paucity of sapwood volume equations in the literature, this variable was not checked. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment Confidence level for the tower sites is high for the data submitted and slightly less so for some auxiliary sites. Researchers should note Section 10.1. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters Not applicable. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments Not applicable. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center Data were examined for general consistency and clarity. 11. Notes None. 11.1 Limitations of the Data The AUX biomass, LAI, and sapwood volume estimates are limited to the 30 x 30 m area surrounding their location. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data See Section 10.1. 11.3 Usage Guidance None. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None. 12. Application of the Data Set These data provide important input parameters for models that develop carbon budgets for these forests. 13. Future Modifications and Plans Researchers wanting to estimate the standing biomass for 1995 or 1996 should consult the TE-06 NPP data. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description Not applicable. 14.2 Software Access Not applicable. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact Information Ms. Beth Nelson BOREAS Data Manager NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-4005 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Elizabeth.Nelson@gsfc.nasa.gov 15.2 Data Center Identification See Section 15.1. 15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.4 Data Center Status/Plans The TE-06 Biomass data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products None. 16.2 Film Products None. 16.3 Other Products Tabular ASCII files. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation None. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Chen, J.M., P.M. Rich, S.T. Gower, J.M. Norman, and S. Plummer. 1997. Leaf area index of boreal forests: Theory, techniques, and measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 102(D24): 29,429-29,443. Dilworth, J.R. and J.F. Bell. 1979. Variable probability sampling-variable plot and three-P. O.S.U. Book Stores, Inc. Corvallis, Oregon. Gower, S.T., J.G. Vogel, J.M. Norman, C.J. Kucharik, S.J. Steele, and T.K. Stow 1997. Carbon distribution and aboveground net primary production in aspen, jack pine, and black spruce stands in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. J. Geophys. Res. 29,029-29,041. Kloeppel and J.G. Vogel (unpublished data). Contact J.G. Vogel for information. Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M. Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T. Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. JGR, BOREAS Special Issue, 102 (D24), 28731-28769. Singh, T. 1986. Generalizing biomass equations for the boreal forest region of west-central Canada. For. Ecol. and Manag. 17:97-107. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None. 19. List of Acronyms ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange AUX - Auxiliary site BAF - Basal Area Factor BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System CD-ROM - Compact Disk Read Only Memory CEV - Carbon Evaluation site DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center DBH - Diameter at Breast Height EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center HTML - Hyoper Text Markup Language LAI - Leaf Area Index MIX - Mixed NAD83 - North American Datum of 1983 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSA - Northern Study Area OA - Old Aspen OBS - Old Black Spruce OJP - Old Jack Pine ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park SSA - Southern Study Area TE - Terrestrial Ecology TF - Tower Flux site UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator URL - Uniform Resource Locator WAB - Wind Aligned Blob YA - Young Aspen YJP - Young Jack Pine 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date Written: 26-June-1997 Last Updated: 08-Dec-1998 20.2 Document Review Date(s) BORIS Review: 01-Dec-1998 Science Review: 20.3 Document ID 20.4 Citation Tom Gower and Jason G. Vogel, both of the University of Wisconsin 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL Keywords Allometry Biomass Carbon budget Leaf area index Sapwood volume TE06_Biomass.doc 01/13/99