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Descriptors:
Alphabets; Diachronic Linguistics; Educational History; Letters (Alphabet); Orthographic Symbols; Reading Instruction; Spelling; State of the Art Reviews; Written Language

Abstract:
This report presents a history of the Deseret alphabet, beginning with a chapter on English orthography in general and the various attempts that have been made in orthographic reform. The second chapter examines the motives behind the creation of the Deseret alphabet, including the possibilities of a secret Mormon code, a protection from unwholesome literature, a case of being in the right place at the right time, a phonetic English orthography, and a preparation for a pure language. The third chapter traces the roots of the Deseret alphabet: the roots (pre-1850), the developmental period (1852-1857), and the rises and falls (1858-1877). The remaining three chapters examine the practical application of the alphabet, its successes and failures, and the effect the alphabet had on English orthography. Appendixes include a table of common English spellings, the initial teaching alphabet, the Deseret alphabet, an alphabet comparison table, Remy's version, a title page to exercises in phonography, a flyer on secret "Mormon Language," tracings of a coin with the Deseret alphabet, the Deseret alphabet First Book, a section on play from the Deseret Second Book, "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" in Deseret characters, the title page and table of contents of "The Book of Mormon" in Deseret characters, the minutes of the Parowan State 1855 in the Deseret alphabet with translation, a journal page of Thomas Haskell and his version of the Deseret alphabet, tracings from a tombstone with Deseret characters, and the "Deseret News" printing of the "Sermon on the Mount." (HOD) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Acculturation; Community Schools; Cultural Background; Curriculum; Educational History; Elementary Secondary Education; Ethnic Groups; Historic Sites; One Teacher Schools; Religious Cultural Groups; Religious Factors; Rural Education; Rural Schools; School Buildings; School Community Relationship; Small Schools; Social History; State History; Teacher Education; Teacher Qualifications; Teacher Role; Teaching Methods; Textbooks

Abstract:
This section of the Country School Legacy: Humanities on the Frontier Project, funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and sponsored by the Mountain Plains Library Association, traces the development of schools in Utah during the Territorial Period (1847-1896). Following a discussion of the influence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) on the development of Utah schools, the report discusses the early schools with regard to six major subject classifications. "Country Schools as Community Centers" describes the role of school buildings in Utah communities and changes which affected the schools as communities developed. "Country Schools and the Americanization of Ethnic Groups" describes the socializing influence of the Latter-day Saints Church and the attempts by other denominations to "Christianize" and "Americanize" the Mormons through establishment of denominational schools. "Reading, Writing, 'Rithmetic and Recitation" describes the teaching methods used in Utah schools during the territorial period. "Teachers: their Roles, Rules and Restrictions" describes the selection of teachers and the educational and moral qualifications required. "Country Schools as Historic Sites" describes the development of school buildings during the period. "Country Schools Today" describes the destruction of the old school buildings and modern accounts of Utah's educational history. (CM) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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 ERIC Full Text (1267K)