Mortality by Occupation, Industry, and Cause of Death, 97-114 a

Appendix A - Mortality by Occupation, Industry, and Cause of Death: 24 Reporting States (1984-1988)

DHHS (NIOSH) PUBLICATION
NO. 97-114 JUNE 1997

Appendix A
Technical Notes

NATURE AND SOURCES OF DATA

Data shown in this report are based on information for deaths occurring in 24 reporting States for at least one of the years during the period 1984-88 (Table A-1).

These mortality data are based on information from the original death certificates received in the State registration offices. Except for the occupation and industry information, the demographic information was based on State-coded data provided on computer tape to NCHS through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP) (except information for Georgia for 1984 that was coded by NCHS). Occupation and industry were coded by the States and were provided on computer tape to NCHS through purchase orders. The medical information was State-coded and provided on computer tape to NCHS through the VSCP by Alaska (1988), Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Based on copies of the original death certificates, NCHS coded the medical information for Alaska (1987), Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Utah.

Mortality data in this report refer to all deaths of residents in the 24-State reporting area that occurred in that area.

OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY ITEMS ON DEATH CERTIFICATE

The information in this report is based on occupation and industry entries on the Standard Certificate of Death that were responses to the questions in items 14a (Usual Occupation [Give kind of work done during most of the working life, even if retired]) and 14b (Kind of business or industry) (Figure A-1, Figure A-1 continued).

The Standard Certificate of Death is issued by the Public Health Service as a means of attaining uniformity in the content of vital statistics information collected by the States. While the certificates in each State may differ somewhat from the Standard to the extent required by the needs of the State or by special provisions of the State vital statistics law, the certificates of most States conform closely in content and arrangement to the Standard.

CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY

Occupation and industry information from the death certificate is classified according to the Bureau of the Census Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations.²¹) The information is coded using a special adaptation of the occupation and industry coding instructions used by the Bureau of the Census for information reported on censuses and surveys. The instructions, used by NCHS and the reporting States, are in the NCHS Instruction Manual, Part 19, Industry and Occupation Coding for Death Certificates.⁵⁰)

For this report, the 503 Bureau of the Census occupations and 6 other occupation categories (Armed Forces; Retired; Housewives, homemakers; Students; Volunteers; and Unemployed, never worked, disabled) were grouped into 325 occupation categories for analysis (List A-1). The analyses also included all 231 Bureau of the Census industry categories plus 3 other industry categories (Armed Forces, Retired, and Homemaker, Student, Unemployed, Volunteer) for a total of 235 industries (List A-2).

CAUSE-OF-DEATH CLASSIFICATION

The mortality statistics in this report were compiled in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) regulations, which specify that member nations classify causes of death by the current Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death.²² Causes of death for 1984-88 were classified according to the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases.²²

In addition to specifying the classification, the WHO regulations outline the form of the medical certification and the procedures to be used in coding cause of death. Cause-of-death data presented in this publication were coded by procedures outlined in the annual issues of Part 2a of the NCHS Instruction Manual. ⁵¹

CAUSE-OF-DEATH LIST

For analysis of occupation and industry mortality data, a special list of 192 causes of death (List A-3) was developed jointly by NIOSH and NCHS. Of the 192 causes, 185 were analyzed for males and 188 for females. This list was created keeping in mind those causes of death that might possibly be associated with occupational exposures, particularly malignant neoplasms of selected sites and numerous accidental death categories.

QUALITY CONTROL

Quality control for the occupation and industry (O/I) coding was conducted by NCHS. For each year, States that maintained an error rate of less than 10% for the year and had less than 10% of their records coded to Retired or Unknown were included in the analysis. All 24 States met the criteria for at least 1 year. See Table 1 in the main text for the number and percentage distribution of the records coded to Retired or Unknown.

PMRs AND SIGNIFICANCE TESTING

The computer program for computing PMRs and statistical tests was developed by NIOSH. The PMR does not make use of a population at risk and, therefore, is not equivalent to a death rate. The PMR for an occupation (industry) indicates whether the proportion of deaths attributed to a particular cause of death is higher (greater than 100) or lower (less than 100) than the corresponding proportion for all occupations (industries) combined. In this report, PMRs are age-adjusted for white males, black males, white females, and black females.

PMRs for the four race-sex groups were computed using Table A-2 for a specific age group.

When the total observed number of deaths, , are greater than 1,000, the following methods are used. The observed number of deaths, A_i, are assumed to be binomially distributed with parameters N_1i and M_1i/T_i. Under the null hypothesis (H₀:PMR=100), the mean of the is and the variance is

The distribution of the

is unknown but can be assumed to be approximately normally distributed. Thus, hypotheses can be tested using the following statistic:

which is assumed to have a standard normal distribution. This formula is equivalent to statistically testing the hypothesis (H0: PMR=100), by using the following Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) chi-square test with one-degree of freedom:⁵²

It should be noted for this study that this formula excludes the correction for continuity. A PMR is significantly different from 100 at the 0.05 level if the computed M-H chi-square is greater than or equal to 3.84.

When the total observed number of deaths, , is greater than 1,000, the upper and lower 95% confidence limits are computed in the following way:

When the total observed number of deaths, , is equal to or less than 1,000, the following methods are used. Since the A_i's are distributed approximately as Poisson random variables, the A_is are also distributed approximately as a Poisson random variable. Under the null hypothesis (H₀: PMR=100), the mean and variance of the Ai is E(Ai). Therefore, exact two-sided tests based on the Poisson distribution are used to determine if the Ai is significantly different from the E( Ai) (or equivalently, if the PMR is significantly different from 100).⁵³)

When the total observed number of deaths, , is equal to or less than 1,000, the 95% confidence limits of a PMR are determined in the following way. Denote the mean of to be . Then the confidence limits for the PMR ( / ) are determined by obtaining exact confidence limits for and dividing the resulting end points by . Let the lower limit on be denoted by L and the upper limit by U. The 95% CI represents all possible values of which satisfy the following two inequalities:⁵⁴)

Thus L and U were obtained from the following equations:

When these two end points are divided by E(Ai) and multiplied by 100, this determines a 95% CI that will cover 100 if and only if the hypothesis test with = 0.05 is not significant.

It should be noted that the criterion for PMRs to be shown in this report is that the PMR for a cause of death and an occupation (industry) had to be 120 or more and statistically significantly higher than 100 and had to have 10 or more observed deaths for the group aged 20 and over for a particular race-sex group. All other PMRs are available upon request.

Caution should be exercised in interpreting statistically significant PMRs. Since approximately 430,000 PMRs were statistically tested, about 5% (about 21,500) would be expected to be statistically significant at least at the .05 level, just due to chance (if the tests were independent).⁵⁵)

PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES

Beginning with data for 1985, mortality public-use data tapes include information about the occupation and industry of the decedent, along with other coded demographic and medical information. The detailed contents of the mortality data tapes and other public-use data tapes from NCHS are described in the NCHS publication Catalog of Electronic Data Products.⁵⁶ The 1985-93 mortality public-use data tapes may be purchased from the following:

National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161, (703) 487-4650

List A-1: 325 Selected Occupations ¹

Managers and administrators (003-017, 019)
Funeral directors (018)
Management related occupations (023-037)
Architects (043)
Aerospace engineers (044)
Metallurgical and materials engineers (045)
Mining engineers (046)
Petroleum engineers (047)
Chemical engineers (048)
Nuclear engineers (049)
Civil engineers (053)
Agricultural engineers (054)
Electrical and electronic engineers (055)
Industrial engineers (056)
Mechanical engineers (057)
Marine engineers and naval architects (058)
Engineers, n.e.c.² (059)
Surveyors and mapping scientists (063)
Mathematical and computer scientists (064-068)
Physicists and astronomers (069)
Chemists, except biochemists (073)
Atmospheric and space scientists (074)
Geologists and geodesists (075)
Physical scientists, n.e.c. (076)
Agricultural and food scientists (077)
Biological, life, and medical scientists (078, 083)
Forestry and conservation scientists (079)
Physicians (084)
Dentists (085)
Veterinarians (086)
Optometrists (087)
Podiatrists (088)
Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. (089)
Registered and licensed practical nurses (095, 207)
Pharmacists (096)
Dietitians (097)
Therapists (098-105)
Physicians assistants (106)
Teachers, postsecondary (113-154)
Teachers, except postsecondary (155-159)
Counselors, educational and vocational (163)
Librarians, archivists, and curators (164, 165)
Social scientists and urban planners (166-173)
Social workers (174)
Recreation workers (175)
Clergy (176)
Religious workers, n.e.c. (177)
Lawyers and judges (178, 179)
Writers (183, 184, 195)
Designers (185)
Entertainers (186, 187, 193, 194, 198)
Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers (188)
Photographers (189)
Public relations specialists (197)
Athletes (199)
Health technologists and technicians (203-208)
Engineering and related technologists and technicians (213-218)
Science technicians (223-225)
Airplane pilots and navigators (226)
Air traffic controllers (227)
Broadcast equipment operators (228)
Computer programmers (229)
Tool programmers, numerical control (233)
Legal assistants (234)
Technicians, n.e.c. (235)
Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations (243)
Sales occupations, business goods and services (253-257)
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing and wholesale (258, 259)
Sales occupations, personal goods and services (263-278)
Sales related occupations (283-285)
Computer equipment operators (304, 308, 309)
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists (313-315)
Information clerks (316-323)
Records processing occupations, except financial (325-336)
Financial records processing occupations (305, 337-344)
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators (345-347)
Communications equipment operators (306, 348-353)
Mail and message distributing occupations (354-357)
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c. (359-374)
Adjusters and investigators (375-378)
Miscellaneous administrative support occupations (379-389)
Private household occupations (403-407)
Firefighting and fire prevention occupations (413, 416, 417)
Police and detectives, public service (414, 418)
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers (423)
Correctional institution officers (424)
Guards (415, 425-427)
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations (433)
Bartenders (434)
Waiters and waitresses (435)
Cooks, except short order (436)
Short-order cooks (437)
Food counter, fountain and related occupations (438)
Kitchen workers, food preparation (439)
Waiters /waitresses assistants (443)
Miscellaneous food preparation occupations (444)
Dental assistants (445)
Health aides, except nursing (446)
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants (447)
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers (448)
Maids and housemen (449)
Janitors and cleaners (453)
Elevator operators (454)
Pest control occupations (455)
Supervisors, personal service occupations (456)
Barbers (457)
Hairdressers and cosmetologists (458)
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities (459)
Guides (463)
Ushers (464)
Public transportation attendants (465)
Baggage porters and bellhops (466)
Welfare service aides (467)
Child care workers, except private household (468)
Personal service occupations, n.e.c. (469)
Farmers, except horticultural (473)
Horticultural specialty farmers (474)
Managers, farms, except horticultural (475)
Managers, horticultural specialty farms (476)
Supervisors, farm workers (477)
Farm workers (479)
Marine life cultivation workers (483)
Nursery workers (484)
Supervisors, related agricultural occupations (485)
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm (486)
Animal caretakers, except farm (487)
Graders and sorters, agricultural products (488)
Inspectors, agricultural products (489)
Forestry and logging occupations (494-496)
Fishers, hunters, and trappers (497-499)
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers (503)
Automobile mechanics (505-506)
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics (507)
Aircraft mechanics (508, 515)
Small engine repairers (509)
Automobile body and related repairers (514)
Heavy equipment mechanics (516)
Farm equipment mechanics (517)
Industrial machinery repairers (518)
Machinery maintenance occupations (519)
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment (523)
Data processing equipment repairers (525)
Household appliance and power tool repairers (526)
Telephone line installers and repairers (527)
Telephone installers and repairers (529)
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers (533)
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics (534)
Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers (535)
Locksmiths and safe repairers (536)
Office machine repairers (538)
Mechanical controls and valve repairers (539)
Elevator installers and repairers (543)
Millwrights (544)
Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. (547)
Not specified mechanics and repairers (549)
Brickmasons and stonemasons (553, 563, 564)
Tile setters, hard and soft (565)
Carpet installers (566)
Carpenters (554, 567, 569)
Drywall installers (573)
Electricians (555, 575, 576)
Electrical power installers and repairers (577)
Painters, construction and maintenance (556, 579)
Paperhangers (583)
Plasterers (584)
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters (557, 585, 587)
Concrete and terrazzo finishers (588)
Glaziers (589)
Insulation workers (593)
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators (594)
Roofers (595)
Sheetmetal duct installers (596)
Structural metal workers (597)
Drillers, earth (598)
Construction trades, n.e.c. (599)
Supervisors, extractive occupations (613)
Drillers, oil well (614)
Explosives workers (615)
Mining machine operators (616)
Mining occupations, n.e.c. (617)
Supervisors, production occupations (633)
Tool and die makers (634, 635)
Precision assemblers, metal (636)
Machinists (637, 639)
Boilermakers (643)
Precision grinders, fitters, and tool sharpeners (644)
Patternmakers and model makers, metal (645)
Lay-out workers (646)
Precious stones and metals workers (jewelers) (647)
Engravers, metal (649)
Sheet metal workers (653, 654)
Miscellaneous precision metal workers (655)
Patternmakers and model makers, wood (656)
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters (657)
Furniture and wood finishers (658)
Miscellaneous precision woodworkers (659)
Dressmakers (666)
Tailors (667)
Upholsterers (668)
Shoe repairers (669)
Apparel and fabric patternmakers (673)
Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers (674)
Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers (675)
Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters (676)
Optical goods workers (677)
Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians (678)
Bookbinders (679)
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers (683)
Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. (684)
Butchers and meat cutters (686)
Bakers (687)
Food batchmakers (688)
Inspectors, testers, and graders (689)
Adjusters and calibrators (693)
Water and sewage treatment plant operators (694)
Power plant operators (695)
Stationary engineers (696)
Miscellaneous plant and system operators (699)
Lathe and turning machine set-up operators (703)
Lathe and turning machine operators (704)
Milling and planing machine operators (705)
Punching and stamping press machine operators (706)
Rolling machine operators (707)
Drilling and boring machine operators (708)
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine
operators (709)
Forging machine operators (713)
Numerical control machine operators (714)
Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glassworking machine operators (715)
Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. (717)
Molding and casting machine operators (719)
Metal plating machine operators (723)
Heat treating equipment operators (724)
Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators (725)
Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators (726)
Sawing machine operators (727)
Shaping and joining machine operators (728)
Nailing and tacking machine operators (729)
Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators (733)
Printing machine operators (734)
Photoengravers and lithographers (735)
Typesetters and compositors (736)
Miscellaneous printing machine operators (737)
Winding and twisting machine operators (738)
Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators (739)
Textile cutting machine operators (743)
Textile sewing machine operators (744)
Shoe machine operators (745)
Pressing machine operators (747)
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators (748)
Miscellaneous textile machine operators (749)
Cementing and gluing machine operators (753)
Packaging and filling machine operators (754)
Extruding and forming machine operators (755)
Mixing and blending machine operators (756)
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators (757)
Compressing and compacting machine operators (758)
Painting and paint spraying machine operators (759)
Roasting and baking machine operators, food (763)
Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators (764)
Folding machine operators (765)
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food (766)
Crushing and grinding machine operators (768)
Slicing and cutting machine operators (769)
Motion picture projectionists (773)
Photographic process machine operators (774)
Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. (777)
Machine operators, not specified (779)
Welders and cutters (783)
Solderers and brazers (784)
Assemblers (785)
Hand cutting and trimming occupations (786)
Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations (787)
Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations (789)
Hand engraving and printing occupations (793)
Hand grinding and polishing occupations (794)
Miscellaneous hand working occupations (795)
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners (796)
Production testers (797)
Production samplers and weighers (798)
Graders and sorters, except agricultural (799)
Supervisors, motor vehicle operators (803)
Truck drivers, heavy (804)
Truck drivers, light (805)
Driver-sales workers (806)
Bus drivers (808)
Taxi cab drivers and chauffeurs (809)
Parking lot attendants (813)
Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c. (814)
Railroad conductors and yardmasters (823)
Locomotive operating occupations (824)
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators (825)
Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. (826)
Water transportation occupations (828-834)
Supervisors, material moving equipment operators (843)
Operating engineers (844)
Longshore equipment operators (845)
Hoist and winch operators (848)
Crane and tower operators (849)
Excavating and loading machine operators (853)
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators (855)
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators (856)
Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators (859)
Supervisors; handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. (863)
Helpers, mechanics and repairers (864)
Helpers, construction trades (865)
Helpers, surveyor (866)
Helpers, extractive occupations (867)
Construction laborers (869)
Production helpers (873)
Garbage collectors (875)
Stevedores (876)
Stock handlers and baggers (877)
Machine feeders and offbearers (878)
Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. (883)
Garage and service station related occupations (885)
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners (887)
Hand packers and packagers (888)
Laborers, except construction (889)
Armed forces (905)³
Retired (913)³
Housewives, homemakers (914)³
Students (915)³
Volunteers (916)³
Unemployed, never worked, disabled (917)³
Occupation not reported (999)

¹ Numbers after occupations are Bureau of the Census category numbers of the Classified Index of Industries and Occupations, 1982.
²n.e.c.=not elsewhere classified
³Occupation groups constructed for coding death certificate information.

List A-2: 235 Industries ⁴

Agricultural production, crops (010)
Agricultural production, livestock (011)
Agricultural services, except horticultural (020)
Horticultural services (021)
Forestry (030)
Fishing, hunting, and trapping (031)
Metal mining (040)
Coal mining (041)
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction (042)
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel (050)
Construction (060)
Meat products (mfg)⁵ (100)
Dairy products (mfg) (101)
Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables (mfg) (102)
Grain mill products (mfg) (110)
Bakery products (mfg) (111)
Sugar and confectionery products (mfg) (112)
Beverage industries (mfg) (120)
Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products (mfg) (121)
Not specified food industries (mfg) (122)
Tobacco manufactures (130)
Knitting mills (mfg) (132)
Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods (mfg) (140)
Floor coverings, except hard surface (mfg) (141)
Yam, thread, and fabric mills (mfg) (142)
Miscellaneous textile mill products (mfg) (150)
Apparel and accessories, except knit (mfg) (151)
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products (mfg) (152)
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills (mfg) (160)
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products (mfg) (161)
Paperboard containers and boxes (mfg) (162)
Newspaper publishing and printing (171)
Printing, publishing and allied industries, except newspapers (172)
Plastics, synthetics, and resins (mfg) (180)
Drugs (mfg) (181)
Soaps and cosmetics (mfg) (182)
Paints, varnishes, and related products (mfg) (190)
Agricultural chemicals (mfg) (191)
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals (mfg) (192)
Petroleum refining (200)
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products (mfg) (201)
Tires and inner tubes (mfg) (210)
Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting (mfg) (211)
Miscellaneous plastics products (mfg) (212)
Leather tanning and finishing (mfg) (220)
Footwear, except rubber and plastic (mfg) (221)
Leather products, except footwear (mfg) (222)
Logging (230)
Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork (231)
Wood buildings and mobile homes (mfg) (232)
Miscellaneous wood products (mfg) (241)
Furniture and fixtures (mfg) (242)
Glass and glass products (mfg) (250)
Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products (mfg) (251)
Structural clay products (mfg) (252)
Pottery and related products (mfg) (261)
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products (mfg) (262)
Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills (mfg) (270)
Iron and steel foundries (mfg) (271)
Primary aluminum industries (mfg) (272)
Other primary metal industries (mfg) (280)
Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware (mfg) (281)
Fabricated structural metal products (mfg) (282)
Screw machine products (mfg) (290)
Metal forgings and Stampings (mfg) (291)
Ordnance (mfg) (292)
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products (mfg) (300)
Not specified metal industries (mfg) (301)
Engines and turbines (mfg) (310)
Farm machinery and equipment (mfg) (311)
Construction and material handling machines
(mfg) (312)
Metalworking machinery (mfg) (320)
Office and accounting machines (mfg) (321)
Electronic computing equipment (mfg) (322)
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c.⁶ (mfg) (331)
Not specified machinery (mfg) (332)
Household appliances (mfg) (340)
Radio, TV, and communication equipment (mfg) (341)
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. (mfg) (342)
Not specified electrical machinery, equipment and
supplies (mfg) (350)
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment (mfg) (351)
Aircraft and parts (mfg) (352)
Ship and boat building and repairing (mfg) (360)
Railroad locomotives and equipment (mfg) (361)
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts (mfg) (362)
Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment (mfg) (370)
Scientific and controlling instruments (mfg) (371)
Optical and health services supplies (mfg) (372)
Photographic equipment and supplies (mfg) (380)
Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices (mfg) (381)
Not specified professional equipment (mfg) (382)
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods (mfg) (390)
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (391)
Not specified manufacturing industries (392)
Railroads (400)
Bus service and urban transit (401)
Taxicab service (402)
Trucking service (410)
Warehousing and storage (411)
U.S. Postal Service (412)
Water transportation (420)
Air transportation (421)
Pipe lines, except natural gas (422)
Services incidental to transportation (432)
Radio and television broadcasting (440)
Telephone (wire and radio) (441)
Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services (442)
Electric light and power (460)
Gas and steam supply systems (461)
Electric and gas, and other combinations (462)
Water supply and irrigation (470)
Sanitary services (471)
Not specified utilities (472)
Motor vehicles and equipment (whls)⁷ (500)
Furniture and home furnishings (whls) (501)
Lumber and construction materials (whls) (502)
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods (whls) (510)
Metals and minerals, except petroleum (whis) (511)
Electrical goods (whls) (512)
Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies (whls) (521)
Not specified electrical and hardware products (whls) (522)
Machinery, equipment, and supplies (whls) (530)
Scrap and waste materials (whls) (531)
Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods (whls) (532)
Paper and paper products (whls) (540)
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products (whls) (541)
Apparel, fabrics, and notions (whls) (542)
Groceries and related products (whls) (550)
Farm-product raw materials (whls) (551)
Petroleum products (whls) (552)
Alcoholic beverages (whis) (560)
Farm supplies (whis) (561)
Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods (562)
Not specified wholesale trade (571)
Lumber and building material retailing (580)
Hardware stores (581)
Retail nurseries and garden stores (582)
Mobile home dealers (590)
Department stores (591)
Variety stores (592)
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores (600)
Grocery stores (601)
Dairy products stores (602)
Retail bakeries (610)
Food stores, n.e.c. (611)
Motor vehicle dealers (612)
Auto and home supply stores (620)
Gasoline service stations (621)
Miscellaneous vehicle dealers (622)
Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe (630)
Shoe stores (631)
Furniture and home furnishings stores (632)
Household appliances, TV, and radio stores (640)
Eating and drinking places (641)
Drug stores (642)
Liquor stores (650)
Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores (65 1)
Book and stationery stores (652)
Jewehy stores (660)
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores (661)
Mail order houses (662)
Vending machine operators (670)
Direct selling establishments (671)
Fuel and ice dealers (672)
Retail florists (681)
Miscellaneous retail stores (682)
Not specified retail trade (691)
Banking (700)
Savings and loan associations (701)
Credit agencies, n.e.c. (702)
Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies (710)
Insurance (711)
Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices (712)
Advertising (721)
Services to dwellings and other buildings (722)
Commercial research, development, and testing labs (730)
Personnel supply services (73 1)
Business management and consulting services (732)
Computer and data processing services (740)
Detective and protective services (741)
Business services, n.e.c. (742)
Automotive services, except repair (750)
Automotive repair shops (75 1)
Electrical repair shops (752)
Miscellaneous repair shops (760)
Private households (761)
Hotels and motels (762)
Lodging places, except hotels and motels (770)
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services (771)
Beauty shops (772)
Barber shops (780)
Funeral service and crematories (781)
Shoe repair shops (782)
Dressmaking shops (790)
Miscellaneous personal services (791)
Theaters and motion pictures (800)
Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors (801)
Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services (802)
Offices of physicians (812)
Offices of dentists (820)
Offices of chiropractors (821)
Offices of optometrists (822)
Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c. (830)
Hospitals (831)
Nursing and personal care facilities (832)
Health services, n.e.c. (840)
Legal services (841)
Elementary and secondary schools (842)
Colleges and universities (850)
Business, trade, and vocational schools (851)
Libraries (852)
Educational services, n.e.c. (860)
Job training and vocational rehabilitation services (861)
Child day care services (862)
Residential care facilities, without nursing (870)
Social services, n.e.c. (871)
Museums, art galleries, and zoos (872)
Religious organizations (880)
Membership organizations (881)
Engineering, architectural, and surveying services (882)
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services (890)
Noncommercial educational and scientific research (891)
Miscellaneous professional and related services (892)
Executive and legislative offices (900)
General government, n.c.c. (901)
Justice, public order, and safety (910)
Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy (921)
Adniinistration of human resources programs (922)
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs (930)
Administration of econo@c programs (931)
National security and international affairs (932)
Armed forces (942)⁸
Retired (95 I)⁸
Homemaker, student, unemployed, volunteer (961)⁸
Industry not reported (990)

⁴ Numbers after industries are Bureau of the Census category numbers of the Classified Index of Industries and Occupations, 1982.
⁵ mfg = manufacturing industry
⁶ n.e.c. = not elwwhere classified
⁷ whls = wholesale trade
⁸ Industry groups constructed for coding death certificate information

List A-3: 192 Selected Causes of Death 9

Infectious and parasitic diseases (001 - 139)
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (011)
- Tularemia (021)
- Brucellosis (023)
- Cutaneous disease due to other mycobacteria (031.1)
- Tetanus (037)
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection with specified conditions (042-444)
- Viral hepatitis A (070.0, 070.1)
- Viral hepatitis B (070.2, 070.3)
- Other and unspecified viral hepatitis (070.4-070.9)
- Spotted fevers (082.0)
- Sporotrichosis (117.1)
- Sarcoidosis (135)
Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue (140-208)
- Malignant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (140-149)
- Malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum (150-159)
- Malignant neoplasm of respiratory and inlrathoracic organs (160-165)
  - Malignant neoplasm of nasal cavities, middle ear, and accessory sinuses (160)
  - Malignant neoplasm of larynx (161)
  - Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (162)
  - Malignant neoplasm of pleura (163)
  - Malignant neoplasm of thymus, heart, and mediastinum (164)
- Malignant neoplasm of bone, connective tissue, skin, and breast (170-175)¹⁰
  - Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage (170)
  - Malignant neoplasm of connective and other soft tissue (171)
  - Malignant melanoma of skin (172)
  - Other malignant neoplasm of skin (173)
  - Malignant neoplasm of breast (174, 175)
- Malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organs (179-189)¹⁰
  - Malignant neoplasm of female genital organs (179-184)
  - Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri (180)
  - Malignant neoplasm of other parts of uterus (1799 181-182)
  - Malignant neoplasm of ovary and other uterine adnexa(183)
  - Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital organs (184)
  - Malignant neoplasm of male genital organs (185-187)¹⁰
    - Malignant neoplasm of prostate (185)
    - Malignant neoplasm of testis (186)
    - Malignant neoplasm of penis and other male genital organs (187)
  - Malignant neoplasm of bladder (188)
  - Malignant neoplasm of kidney and other and unspecified urinary organs (189)
- Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites (190-199)¹⁰
  - Malignant neoplasm of eye (190)
  - Malignant neoplasm of brain and other and unspecified parts of nervous system (191-192)
  - Benign, uncertain, and unspecified neoplasms of brain and nervous system (225, 237.5-237.9, 239.6)
  - Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland (193)
  - Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures (194)
  - Malignant neoplasm of all other and unspecified sites (195-199)
- Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue (200-208)
  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (200, 202.0-202.2, 202.8, 202.9)
  - Hodgkin's disease (201)
  - Reticuloendothelioses (202.3-202.5)
  - Multiple myeloma and inununoproliferative neoplasms (203)
  - Leukemia(204-208)
    - Lymphoid leukemia (204)
    - Acute lymphoid leukemia (204.0)
    - Chronic lymphoid leukemia (204.1)
    - Myeloid leukemia (205)
    - Acute myeloid leukemia (205.0)
    - Chronic myeloid leukemia (205.1)
    - Monocytic leukemia (206)
    - Other specified leukemia (207)
Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of unspecified nature (210-239)
- Benign, uncertain, and unspecified neoplasms, except brain and nervous system (210-224, 226-237.49 238-239.59 239.7-239.9)
- Polycythemia vera (238.4)
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and irrununity disorders (240-279)
- Disorders and diseases of endocrine glands(240-259)
- Disorders of thyroid gland (240-246)
- Diabetes mellitus (250)
- Disorders of parathyroid gland (252)
- Disorders of the pituitary gland and its hypothalamic control (253)
- Disorders of adrenal glands (255)
- Nutritional deficiencies (260-269)
- Other metabolic and immunity disorders (270-279)
Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (280-289)
- Non-autoimmune and unspecified hemolytic anemias (283.1, 283.9)
- Aplastic anemia (284)
- Agranulocytosis (288.0)
- Methemoglobinemia (289.7)
Mental disorders (290-319)
- Alcohol-associated diseases (291, 303, 305.0, 357.5, 425.5, 535.3, 571.0-571.31, 790.3, E860.0, E860.1)¹¹
- Mental disorders related to alcohol abuse (291, 303,305.0)
- Mental disorders related to drug abuse (292, 304, 305.2-305.9)
Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs (320-389)
- Parkinson's disease (332)
- Other cerebellar ataxia (334.3)
- Anterior horn cell disease (335)
- Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of central nervous system (340-341)
- Epilepsy (345)
- Disorders of the peripheral nervous system, except myoneural disorders, muscular dystrophies and other myopathies (350-357)
- Myoneural disorders (358)
Diseases of the circulatory system (390-459)
- Diseases of the heart (390-398, 402, 404-429)
- Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (390-398)
- Hypertensive disease (401-405)
- Ischemic heart disease (410-414)
- Acute myocardial infarction (410)
- Other ischemic heart disease (411-414)
- Diseases of pulmonary circulation and other fomis of heart disease (415-429)
- Chronic pulmonary heart disease (416)
- Cerebrovascular disease (430-438)
- Diseases of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries (440-448)
- Raynaud's syndrome (443.0)
- Polyarteritis nodosa and allied conditions (446)
- Diseases of veins and lymphatics (451-457)
Diseases of the respiratory system (460-519)
- Acute respiratory infections and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract (460-478)
- Pneumonia and influenza (480-487)
- Other diseases of respiratory system (490-519)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions (490-496)
- Extrinsic, unspecified asthma, and other pneumonitis due to solids and liquids (493.0, 493.9, 507.8)
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (495)
- Pneumoconioses and pneumopathy due to inhalation of other dust (500-505)
- Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (500)
- Asbestosis (501)
- Pneumoconiosis due to other silica or silicates (502)
- Other and unspecified pneumoconiosis (503-505)
- Pneumoconiosis due to other inorganic dust (503)
- Pneumopathy due to inhalation of other dust (504)
- Respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes, vapors, oils, and essences (506, 507.1)
Diseases of the digestive system (520-579)
- Diseases of esophagus (530)
Diseases of stomach and duodenum (531-537)
- Gastric, duodenal, gastrojejunal, and peptic ulcer, site unspecified (531-534)
- Regional enteritis (555)
- Idiopathic proctocolitis (556)
- Diseases of liver (570-573)
  - Acute and subacute necrosis of liver (570)
- Disorders of gallbladder and binary tract (574-576)
- Diseases of pancreas (577)
Diseases of the genitourinary system (580-629)
- Diseases of urinary system (580-599)
  - Diseases of kidney (580-593)
  - Acute or chronic renal failure (584-586)
- Diseases of male genital organs (600-608)
- Diseases of female genital organs (610-629)
Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (630-676)
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (680-709)
Contact dermatitis and other eczema (692)
Diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (710-739)
- Diffuse diseases of connective tissue (710)
- Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies (714)
Congenital anomalies (740-759)
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (760-779)
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions (780-799)
External causes of injury and poisoning (E800-E999)
- Transport accidents, including late effects (E800-E848, E929.0-E929.1)
  - Railway accidents (E800-E807)
  - Motor vehicle accidents, including late effects (E810-E825, E929.0)
  - Motor vehicle nontraffic accidents (E820-E825)
  - Water transport accidents (E830-E838)
  - Air and space transport accidents (E840-E845)
  - Accidents involving powered vehicles used solely within the buildings and premises of an industrial or commercial establishment (E846)
- Accidental poisoning, including late effects (E850-E869, E929.2)
  - Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicaments, and biologicals (E850-E858)
  - Accidental poisoning by alcoholic beverages and other and unspecified ethyl alcohol and its products (E860.0, E860.1)
  - Accidental poisoning by other solid and liquid substances, except alcoholic beverages and other and unspecified ethyl alcohol and its products (E860.2-E866)
  - Accidental poisoning by agricultural and horticultural chemical and pharmaceutical preparations other than plant foods and fertilizers (E863)
  - Accidental poisoning by gases and vapors (E867-E869)
- Accidental falls, including late effects (E880-E888, E929.3)
  - Fall on or from stairs or steps (E880)
  - Fall on or from ladders or scaffolding (E881)
  - Fall into hole or other opening in surface (E883)
  - Other fall from one level to another (E884)
- Accidents caused by fire and flames, other than private dwelling (E891-E899)
- Accidents due to natural and environmental factors, including late effects (E900-E909, E929.5)
  - Excessive heat (E900)
  - Accidents caused by submersion, suffocation and foreign bodies (E910-E915)
    - Accidental drowning and submersion (E910)
    - Inhalation and ingestion of other object causing obstruction of respiratory tract or suffocation (E912)
    - Accidental mechanical suffocation (E913)
    - Foreign body accidently entering eye, adnexa, or other orifice (E914-E915)
  - Certain accidents mainly of industrial type (E846, E916-E92l, E923-E927)
    - Struck accidently by falling object (E916)
    - Striking against or struck accidently by objects or persons (E917)
    - Caught accidentally in or between objects (E918)
    - Accidents caused by machinery (E919)
    - Accidents caused by cutting and piercing instruments or objects (E920)¹²
    - Accident caused by firearm missile (E922)
    - Accident caused by explosive material (E923)
    - Accident caused by electric current (E925)
    - Overexertion and strenuous movements (E927)
- Suicide (E950-E959)
- Homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons (E960-E969)
- Injury undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted (E980-E989)

⁹ Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Ninth Revision of the Intemational Classification of Diseases, 1975.
¹⁰ Boldface indicates that this category was not included in the analysis.
¹¹ A constructed category including mental disorders and other diseases and conditions related to alcohol consumption.
¹² Not included within broad category.

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List A-1: 325 Selected Occupations1

List A-2: 235 Industries4

List A-3: 192 Selected Causes of Death9

List A-1: 325 Selected Occupations ¹

List A-2: 235 Industries ⁴

List A-3: 192 Selected Causes of Death 9