W. J. Raupp, B. Friebe, and B. S. Gill
Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA. This is contribution 95-541-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.
The current nomenclature for describing the aneuploids of common wheat was introduced by Sears in 1954 and described in detail by Kimber and Sears in 1968. This nomenclature can be lengthy, and its use in manuscripts and descriptive figures cumbersome. Additionally, the needs of computerized databases require a shortening of these terms to save time and storage space. The ability to search lists of stocks suggests the need for succint, descriptive abbreviations for the genetic stocks in wheat. GrainGenes, the wheat genome database, is no exception as search criteria can yield several screens of data. The purpose of this communication is to provide a list of recommended abbreviations for the aneuploid lines and genetic stocks in wheat.
Several recommended guidelines presented by Kimber and Sears (1968) will be used. These include designating:
NULLISOMIC N Germplasm Chinese Spring Nullisomic 1A Abbreviation CS N1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+0'1A Chromosome_number 40 MONOSOMIC M Germplasm Chinese Spring Monosomic 1A Abbreviation CS M1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1'1A Chromosome_number 41 TRISOMIC Tri Germplasm Chinese Spring Trisomic 1A Abbreviation CS Tri1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"'1A Chromosome_number 43 Comment The abbreviation "Tri" was selected because the letter " T " already indicates tetrasomy and translocation lines. The other choice "Tr" might cause confusion with translocation line nomenclature. TETRASOMIC T Germplasm Chinese Spring Tetrasomic 1A Abbreviation CS T1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1""1A Chromosome_number 44 NULLISOMIC-TETRASOMIC N T Germplasm Chinese Spring Nullisomic 1B-Tetrasomic 1A Abbreviation CS N1B-T1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 19"+1""1A(1B) Chromosome_number 42 Comment Using rule vi, this could be abbreviated "CS NT1B(1A)", but we believe the above to be more easily read. MONOTELOSOMIC Mt Germplasm Chinese Spring Monotelosomic 1AS Abbreviation CS Mt1AS Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+t'1AS Chromosome_number 41t DITELOSOMIC Dt Germplasm Chinese Spring Ditelosomic 1AS Abbreviation CS Dt1AS Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+t"1AS Chromosome_number 42tt DOUBLE MONOTELOSOMIC dMt Germplasm Chinese Spring Double Monotelosomic 1A Abbreviation CS Mt1AS-Mt1AL Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+t'1AS+t'1AL Chromosome_number 42t+t Comment The use of a "+" in the chromosome_number field will distinguish this line from ditelosomic lines since both lines have two telochromosomes. DOUBLE DITELOSOMIC dDt Germplasm Chinese Spring Double Ditelosomic 1A Abbreviation CS dDt1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+t"1AS+t"1AL Chromosome_number 44tt+tt DITELO-MONOTELOSOMIC Dt Mt Germplasm Chinese Spring Ditelosomic 1AS-Monotelosomic 1AL Abbreviation CS Dt1AS-Mt1AL Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+t"1AS+t'1AL Chromosome_number 43tt+t Comment The ditelosomic chromosome is listed first regardless of arm, thus the abbreviation for the line ditelosomic 1AL-monotelosomic 1AS lists the long arm first. MONO-ISOSOMIC Mi Germplasm Chinese Spring Mono-isosomic 1AS Abbreviation CS Mi1AS Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+i'1AS Chromosome_number 41i DI-ISOSOMIC Di Germplasm Chinese Spring Di-isosomic 1AS Abbreviation CS Di1AS Species Triticum aestivum Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+i"1AS Chromosome_number 42ii MONOSOMIC ADDITION MA Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Monosomic Addition 1R Abbreviation CS-I MA1R Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 21"+1'1R Chromosome_number 43 Comment Where duplicate lines from the same cultivar are available, it may be necessary to add a number or symbol to distinguish them. DISOMIC ADDITION DA Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Disomic Addition 1R Abbreviation CS-I DA1R Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 21"+1"1R Chromosome_number 44 Germplasm Chinese Spring-T. longissimum Disomic Addition 1S^l^ Abbreviation CS-TLON DA1S^l^ Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species T. longissimum Donor_ID Texas A&M, accession #2 Type Aneuploid Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 21"+1"1S^l^ Chromosome_number 44 Developed_by N. A. Tuleen Development_site Texas A&M University, College Station Comment The genome for T. longissimum is S superscript " l ". MONOSOMIC SUBSTITUTION MS Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Monosomic Substitution 1R(1A) Abbreviation CS-I MS1R(1A) Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Substitution Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1'1R(1A) Chromosome_number 41 DISOMIC SUBSTITUTION DS Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Disomic Substitution 1R(1A) Abbreviation CS-I DS1R(1A) Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Substitution Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"1R(1A) Chromosome_number 42 INTERVARIETAL DISOMIC SUBSTITUTION DS Germplasm Chinese Spring-Wichita Disomic Substitution 1A WI(1A CS) Abbreviation CS-WI DS1A Species Triticum aestivum Type Substitution Donor_species Wichita Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"1A WI(1A CS) Chromosome_number 42 Comment The substituting chromosome is part of the name, the substituting chromosome named in parentheses. For abbreviations, when cultivars substitute same chromosome, it need only be listed once. TRANSLOCATION CHROMOSOMES T TERMINAL TRANSLOCATION WITH CENTROMERIC BREAKPOINT Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Translocation T1AS·1RL Abbreviation CS-I T1AS·1RL Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Translocation Translocation_description Terminal translocation with centromeric breakpoint Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"T1AS·1RL Chromosome_number 42 Comment · indicates a break at the centromere. In the example above, the translocation chromosome consists of the short arm of chromosome 1A translocated to the long arm of 1R with the breakpoint at the centromere. The following example is of an actual translocation line of this type and is how it appears in GrainGenes. Germplasm Chinese Spring-A. intermedium Translocation T4DL·4Ai#2S Abbreviation CS-AGAI T4DL·4Ai#2S Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Agropyron intermedium Type Translocation Translocation_description Terminal translocation with centromeric breakpoint Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"T4DL·4Ai#2S Chromosome_number 42 Developed_by D. Wells Development_site South Dakota State University, Brookings Comment The number sign (#) is used to distinguish between different chromosomes belonging to the same homoeologous group of chromosomes within accessions, as well as between accessions of the same species or cultivar. In this example, the long arm of T. aestivum chromosome 4D (4DL) is translocated with a centromeric breakpoint (·) to the short arm (S) of an A. intermedium chromosome (4Ai#2S) TERMINAL TRANSLOCATION WITH NON-CENTROMERIC BREAKPOINT Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Translocation T1AS·1AL-1RL Abbreviation CS-I T1AS·1AL-1RL Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Translocation Translocation_description Terminal translocation with non- centromeric breakpoint Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"T1AS·1AL-1RL Detailed_abbreviation CS-I T1AS·1AL1.4::1.21RL Chromosome_number 42 Comment - and :: indicate a break and rejoining within the arm. In the example above, the translocation chromosome consists of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A, a segment of the long arm of 1A with the breakpoint in band 1AL1.4 and a distal segment derived from 1RL with the breakpoint in band 1RL1.2. INTERCALARY TRANSLOCATION WITH NON-CENTROMERIC BREAKPOINT Germplasm Chinese Spring-Imperial Translocation Ti4AS·4AL-6RL-4AL Abbreviation CS-I Ti4AS·4AL-6RL-4AL Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Secale cereale cv. Imperial Type Translocation Translocation_description Intercalary translocation with non- centromeric breakpoint Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"Ti4AS·4AL-6RL-4AL Detailed_abbreviation CS-I Ti4AS·4AL1.2::6RL-2.7::4AL Chromosome_number 42 Comment Ti = an intercalary translocation. TRANSLOCATION WITH UNKNOWN BREAKPOINT Germplasm Triticum araraticum Translocation T4G/5G Abbreviation CS-TARA T4G/5G Species Triticum aestivum Donor_species Triticum araraticum Type Translocation Translocation_description Translocation with unknown breakpoint Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"T4G/5G Chromosome_number 42 Comment / = unknown breakpoint DELETION CHROMOSOMES del Germplasm Chinese Spring Deletion 1AS-1 Abbreviation CS del1AS-1 Species Triticum aestivum Type Deletion Derived_from Chinese Spring Chromosome_configuration 20"+1"del1AS-1 Detailed_abbreviation CS del1AS-1(S1.2,0.17:) Chromosome_number 42 Comment : = terminal deletion. Numbers in detailed abbreviation indicate C-band where deletion occurs and fraction length of chromosome remaining.
Gill BS (1986) A proposal for wheat chromosome band nomenclature. In: North American Wheat Genetic Mapping and Cytogenetic Stocks Workshop, April 17-19, 1986, University of Missouri, Columbia. Ed: Qualset CO and McGuire PE. The National Association of Wheat Growers Foundation, Washington, D.C. 11-15.
Gill BS, Friebe B, and Endo TR (1991) Standard karyotype and nomenclature system for description of chromosome bands and structural aberrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genome 34: 830 - 839.
Kimber G and Sears ER (1968) Nomenclature for the description of aneuploids in the Triticinae. In: Proc 3rd Int Wheat Genet Symp, Ed: Findlay KW and Shepherd KW. Canberra, Australia. 468-473.
Sears ER (1954) The aneuploids of common wheat. Research Bull. 572, Missouri Ag. Exp. Sta. 57 p.
APPENDIX I. GRAINGENES ?Germplasm model
The following fields are currently available for use in the germplasm model for the description of genetic stocks.
?Germplasm Other_name ?Germplasm XREF Other_name // Put data in only one. Species UNIQUE ?Species Donor_species ?Species //For addition chromosomes Type #Germplasm_type Collection_and_ID ?Collection ?Germplasm XREF Other_name Cross_number ?Text //Identifier used by CIMMYT Chromosome_configuration ?Text Abbreviation ?Germplasm XREF Full_name Full_name ?Germplasm XREF Abbreviation Pairing_configuration ?Text Chromosome_number ?Text //Not Int. "42tt" = ditelosomic substn. Female_Parent UNIQUE ?Germplasm Male_Parent UNIQUE ?Germplasm Pedigree UNIQUE ?Text Market_Class ?Text Trait_study ?Trait_Study Pathology ?Pathology XREF Resistant_line Allele ?Allele //No XREF Gene ?Gene //No XREF Rearrangement ?Rearrangement XREF Germplasm Derived_from ?Germplasm Developed_by ?Text Development_site ?Text Date_of_release ?Text Registration_No ?Text Remark ?Text Reference ?Reference XREF Germplasm Mapping_data ?Map_Data Image ?Image XREF Germplasm Data_source ?Colleague ?Text //Text is date, e.g. 93.08.27 Polymorphism ?Polymorphism Trait_scores ?Trait_scores//could be a long list. Coefficient_of_parentage ?Germplasm Float //Must be at end of //model; this could be a Long list.