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Great Lakes Water Life Photo Gallery
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Class Monogononta - Order Ploima
Family Brachionidae
| Image Link | Scientific Name | Lake Superior | Lake Michigan | Lake Huron |
Lake Erie | Lake Ontario | Habitat |
| Subfamily Brachioninae | |||||||
| Anuraeopsis spp. | x | x | x | ||||
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Anuraeopsis fissa | x | x | x | Warm waters in late spring, summer and early fall. | ||
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Anuraeopsis navicula | x | |||||
| Brachionus spp. | x | x | x | x | Littoral moving to open lake during algal blooms. Present April through October. | ||
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Brachionus angularis | x | x | x | x | x | |
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Brachionus bidentata | x | |||||
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Brachionus budapestinensis | x | |||||
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Brachionus calyciflorus | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Brachionus caudatus | x | x | x | ||||
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Brachionus diversicornis | x | May have been confused with B. havanaensis. | ||||
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Brachionus havanaensis | x | x | x | |||
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Brachionus quadridentatus | x | x | x | x | . | |
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Brachionus rubens | x | Also reported for Lake St. Clair. | ||||
| Brachionus urceolaris | x | x | x | ||||
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Brachionus variabilis | x | |||||
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Dipleuchlanis propatula | ||||||
| Epiphanes spp. | x | ||||||
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Epiphanes clavulata | x | |||||
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Epiphanes pelagica | x | |||||
| Euchlanis spp. | x | x | x | x | Littoral, occassionally nearshore limnetic. Great Lakes species found May through November. | ||
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Euchlanis alata | x | |||||
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Euchlanis calpidia | ||||||
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Euchlanis deflexa | x | |||||
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Euchlanis dilatata | x | x | x | x | ||
| Euchlanis lyra | |||||||
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Euchlanis meneta | x | x | ||||
| Euchlanis oropha | Reported Lake St. Clair | ||||||
| Euchlanis parva | x | ||||||
| Euchlanis pellucida | |||||||
| Euchlanis proxima | x | ||||||
| Euchlanis pyriformis | |||||||
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Euchlanis triquetra | x | |||||
| Kellicottia spp. | x | x | x | x | |||
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Kellicottia bostoniensis | x | x | Nutrient-enriched embayments and river mouths. | |||
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Kellicottia longispina | x | x | x | x | x | Found throughout the year, peak May through August. Metalimnetic during stratification. |
| Keratella spp. | x | x | x | x | The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. | ||
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Keratella cochlearis | x | x | x | x | x | |
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Keratella crassa | x | x | x | x | x | Some authors believe this species is a variety of K. cochlearis. |
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Keratella earlinae | x | x | x | x | x | Some authors believe this species is a variety of K. cochlearis. |
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Keratella hiemalis | x | x | x | x | x | Most prevalent in winter. |
| Keratella irregularis | x | Invasive? Easily confused with K. earlinae. | |||||
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Keratella mixta | Inland lakes of the Great Lakes region. | |||||
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Keratella quadrata | x | x | x | x | x | Present throughout the year. |
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Keratella serrulata curvicornis | Common to the shallow, weedy hard-water inland lakes of Michigan. Adventitious to the Great Lakes. | |||||
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Keratella taurocephala | x | Common to acid bogs, adventitious in the Great Lakes plankton. | ||||
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Keratella testuda | Inland lakes of the Great Lakes region. | |||||
| Keratella ticinensis | Inland lakes of the Great Lakes region. | ||||||
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Keratella valga tropica | x | x | Many varieties and forms. Rare in the Great Lakes. | |||
| Lophocharis spp. | x | x | Littoral. | ||||
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Lophocharis oxysternon | x | |||||
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Lophocharis salpina | x | |||||
| Macrochaetus spp. | x | ||||||
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Macrochaetus collinsi | x | |||||
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Macrochaetus sericus | x | |||||
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Macrochaetus subquadratus | x | |||||
| Manfredium eudactylotum | |||||||
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Microcodides chlaena | x | |||||
| Mytilina spp. | x | Littoral. All uncommon. | |||||
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Mytilina macrocera | ||||||
| Mytilina trigona | x | ||||||
| Mytilina ventralis | x | ||||||
| Mytilina ventralis brevispina | x | ||||||
| Mytilina ventralis macracantha | |||||||
| Notholca spp. | x | x | x | x | Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. | ||
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Notholca acuminata | x | x | x | x | Common inshore during winter and spring. | |
| Notholca acuminata extensa | x | ||||||
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Notholca caudata | x | x | Largest and rarest member of the genus in the Great Lakes. Possible glacial relict and/or ballast water invader. Found only in the Straits of Mackinac. | |||
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Notholca foliacea | x | x | x | x | x | Peak abundance in early spring, hypolimnion during the summer. |
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Notholca labis | Uncommon spring limnetic species. | |||||
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Notholca laurentiae | x | x | x | x | x | Peak abundance in early spring, hypolimnion during the summer. |
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Notholca michiganensis | Michigan inland lakes, not reported for Great Lakes. | |||||
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Notholca squamula | x | x | x | x | x | Peak abundance in early spring, hypolimnion during the summer. Large form appears in spring at nearshore areas. |
| Platyias spp. | x | x | x | x | Uncommon, littoral in summer. | ||
| Platyias patulus | x | x | x | x | |||
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Platyias quadricornis | x | x | x | x | ||
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| Trichotria spp. | x | x | x | ||||
| Trichotria pocillum | x | x | Littoral. | ||||
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Trichotria tetractis | x | x | x | x | Littoral, sporadically limnetic spring-fall. | |
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Wolga spinifera | x | |||||
| Subfamily Colurinae | |||||||
| Colurella spp. | x | ||||||
| Colurella bicuspidata | x | ||||||
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Colurella obtusa | x | |||||
| Colurella uncinata | x | ||||||
| Lepadella spp. | x | x | x | Littoral, uncommon in the limnetic zone. | |||
| Lepadella acuminata | x | ||||||
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Lepadella aspida | x | |||||
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Lepadella cristata | Pond species. | |||||
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Lepadella ehrenbergi | x | |||||
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Lepadella ovalis | x | x | ||||
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Lepadella patella | x | x | x | |||
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Lepadella rhomboides | x | |||||
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Lepadella triptera | x | |||||
| Squatinella spp. | x | ||||||
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Squatinella mutica | x | |||||
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Squatinella rostrum | x | |||||
Based on: A Guide to the Rotifers of the Laurentian Great
Lakes. RS Stemberger. 1979. U.S. EPA. EPA-600.
with additions from:
A
Lakewide Comparison of Zooplankton Biomass and Its Species Composition
in Lake Erie, 1983-87. Makarewicz, Joseph C.J. Great Lakes Res. 19(2):275-290.
1993.
A
Decade of Predatory Control of Zooplankton Species Composition of Lake
Michigan. Makarewicz, Joseph C., Bertram, Paul, Lewis, Theodore, and
Brown, Jr., Edward H. J. Great Lakes Res. 21(4):620-640. 1995.
Feasibility
of Shoreside Monitoring of the Great Lakes. Makarewicz, Joseph C. J.
Great Lakes Res. 17(3):344-360. 1991.
Lake
Huron Rotifer and Crustacean Zooplankton, APRIL-JULY, 1980. Evans,
Marlene S. J. Great Lakes Res. 12(4):281-292. 1986.
Seasonal
Abundance of Planktonic Rotifers in a Nearshore Area of Central Lake
Michigan. Duffy, Walter G., and Liston, Charles R. J. Great Lakes Res.
4(1):46-49. 1978.
Lake
Superior: an invasion coldspot? 2003. Igor A. Grigorovich, Alexei V.
Korniushin, Derek K. Gray, Ian C. Duggan, Robert I. Colautti& Hugh
J. MacIsaac. Hydrobiologia 499: 191-210.
Subfamily Brachioninae
Anuraeopsis fissa |
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Profile: Feeds on detritus and bacteria. 90-120um. |
More photos and information:
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Anuraeopsis navicula |
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Profile: Bacterivorous. 70-100um. |
More photos and information: |
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Brachionus angularis |
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Brachionus caudatus=B. angularis var. caudatus Profile: Brachionus species are indicators
of eutrophy. |
Brachionus bidentata |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators
of eutrophy. |
Brachionus budapestinensis |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators
of eutrophy. |
Brachionus calyciflorus |
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Alternative Names: Brachionus calyciflorus=B. pala Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. Feed on Chlorella and bacteria, possibly yeast or fungi as well. 180-570um |
Brachionus caudatus |
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Alternative Names: Brachionus caudatus=B. angularis var. caudatus Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. 136-265um |
Brachionus diversicornis |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. Bacterivorous. |
Brachionus havanaensis |
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Alternative Names: Brachionus havanaensis=Schizocerca diversicornis Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. Bacterivorous. 135-350um. |
Additional Photos and Information:
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Brachionus quadridentatus |
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Alternative Names: Brachionus quadridentatus=B. capsuliflorus, B. bakeri, B. tuberculus, & B. tuberculatus Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. 188-418um |
Brachionus rubens |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. |
Brachionus urceolaris |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. 185-280um |
Brachionus variabilis |
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Profiles: Brachionus species are indicators of eutrophy. 268-376um. |
Dipleuchlanis propatula |
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Epiphanes clavulata |
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Epiphanes pelagica |
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Alternative Names: Epiphanes pelagica=Notops pelagicus. |
Euchlanis alata |
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Profile: Found May through November.
260-280um. |
Euchlanis calpidia |
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Alternative Names: Euchlanis calpidia=Dapidia calpidia Profile: Found May through November. 280um. |
Euchlanis deflexa |
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Profile: Found May through November. |
Euchlanis dilatata |
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Profile: Found May through November. Eutrophic indicator. Feeds on bacteria,
green algae and diatoms. 200-270um. |
Additional Information and Photos:
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Euchlanis lyra |
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Profile: Found May through November. |
Euchlanis meneta |
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Profile: Found May through November. 120-140um. |
Euchlanis oropha |
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Profile: Found May through November. |
Euchlanis parva |
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Profile: Found May through November. 140um. |
Euchlanis pellucida |
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Profile: Found May through November. 300-500um. |
Euchlanis proxima |
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Profile: Found May through November. |
Euchlanis pyriformis |
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Profile: Found May through November. |
Euchlanis triquetra |
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Profile: Found May through November. 210-270um. |
Kellicottia bostoniensis |
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Profile: 360um |
More photos and information:
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Kellicottia longispina |
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Alternative Names: Kellicottia longispina=K. longicornis Profile: Feeds on Mallomonas, Dinobryon, Crysochromulina and Stichococcus. Bacterivorous. 400-860um |
More photos and information:
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Keratella cochlearis |
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Alternative Names: Keratella cochlearis = K.c.cochlearis, K.c. tecta, K.c. faluta, K.c. hispida, K.c. robusta, Anuraea cochlearis, A.c. tecta, A tecta, A. stipitata Some authors consider K. crassa and K. earlinae to be mere varieties of K. cochlearis. Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer
genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great
Lakes at any time. At least three varieties and many forms.
Feeds on particles up to 12um in diameter (detritus, bacteria,
small algae, small protozoans). 89-320um. |
More photos and information at:
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Keratella crassa |
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Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. Some authors believe this species is a variety of K. cochlearis. 140-244um. |
More information and photos at:
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Keratella earlinae |
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Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer
genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great
Lakes at any time. Some authors believe this species is a
variety of K. cochlearis. 152-244um. |
More photos and information: |
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Keratella hiemalis |
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Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. 149-200um. |
Keratella mixta |
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Profile: |
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Keratella quadrata |
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Alternative Names: Keratella quadrata = K. quadrata canadensis, Anuraea aculeata Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. Bacterivorous. 224-385um. |
More photos and information: |
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Keratella serrulata curvicornis |
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Alternative Names: Keratella serrulata curvicornis = Anuraea serrulata Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. Adventitious to the Great Lakes. 187-218um. |
More photos and information:
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Keratella taurocephala |
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Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. Adventitious to the Great Lakes. 182-270um. |
More photos and information:
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Keratella testuda |
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Keratella valga tropica |
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Alternative Names: Keratella valga tropica = K. v. t. monospina Profile: The most common limnetic freshwater rotifer genus. Three or more species frequently co-occur in the Great Lakes at any time. Many varieties and forms. Rare in the Great Lakes. 162-286um. |
Lophocharis oxysternon |
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Alternative Names: Lophocharis oxysternon = Metopidia oxysternumProfile: 120um. |
Lophocharis salpina |
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Alternative Names: Lophocharis salpina = Metopidia salpina Profile: L. salpina - 120-136um. |
Macrochaetus collinsi |
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Alternative Names: Macrochaetus = Polychaetus |
Macrochaetus sericus |
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Alternative Names: Macrochaetus = Polychaetus |
Macrochaetus subquadratus |
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Alternative Names: Macrochaetus = Polychaetus |
Manfredium eudactylotum |
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Microcodides chlaena |
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Alternative Names: Microcodides chlaena = M. dubius, M. orbiculodiscus, Stephanops chlaena, Microdides orbiculodiscus. |
Mytilina spp. |
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Great Lakes Species: M. macrocera, M. trigona, M. ventralis, M. ventralis brevispina, M. ventralis macracantha Alternative Names: Mytilina macrocera = Salpina macrocera, Mytilina ventralis = Salpina ventralis, Mytilina ventralis brevispina = Salpina brevispina Profile: Littoral. All uncommon. M. ventralis brevispina - 176-215um M. ventralis macracantha - 250-350um |
Notholca acuminata |
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also N. acuminata extensa Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. Feeds on small centric diatoms. 210-350um N. acuminata extensa - 350-450um |
More photos and information:
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Notholca caudata |
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Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. Largest and rarest member of the genus in the Great Lakes. Possible glacial relict and/or ballast water invader. ~400um. |
Notholca foliacea |
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Alternative Names: Notholca foliacea = Argonotholca foliacea Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. 140-190um. |
More photos and information:
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Notholca labis |
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Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. 160-200um. |
Notholca laurentiae |
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Alternative Names: Notholca laurentiae = N. striata, N. scapha Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. 192-250um. |
Notholca michiganensis |
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Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. 180-220um |
Notholca squamula |
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Alternative Names: Notholca squamula = N. striata, N. scapha, N. squamula incertae sedis Profile: Cold stenotherms, primary components of the winter rotifer assemblage. 112-160um. N. squamula incertae sedis - Large form, which may be a separate species, appears in spring at nearshore areas. 152-196um. |
More photos and information:
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Platyias spp. |
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Great Lakes Species: P. patulus, P. quadricornis Alternative Names: Platyias patulus = Brachionis patulus, B. militaris; Platyias quadricornis = Noteus quadricornis Profile: |
Trichotria spp. |
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Great Lakes Species: T. pocillum, T. tetractis Alternative Names: Trichotria = Dinocharis Profile: |
Wolga spinifera |
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Great Lakes Species: Wolga spinifera Alternative Names: Wolga spinifera = Trichotria spinifera, Distyla spinifera |
Subfamily Colurinae
Colurella spp. |
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Great Lakes Species: C. bicuspidata, C. obtusa, C. uncinata Alternative Names: Colurella obtusa = Colurus obtusus; Colurella uncinata = C. u. bicuspidata, C.u. deflexa, Colurus bicuspidatus, Colurus deflexus Profile: |
Lepadella acuminata |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella acuminata = Metopidia acuminata Profile: 92-110um. |
Lepadella aspida |
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Profile: |
Lepadella ehrenbergi |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella ehrenbergi = Notogonia ehrenbergi, Metopidia ehrenbergi Profile: 70-94um. |
Lepadella ovalis |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella ovalis = Metopidia lepadella; Profile: 93-155um. |
Lepadella patella |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella patella = Metopidia bractea Profile: 90-108um. |
Lepadella rhomboides |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella rhomboides = Metopidia rhomboides Profile: 110-120um. |
Lepadella triptera |
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Alternative Names: Lepadella triptera = Metopidia triptera. Profile: 65-100um. |
Lepadella cristata |
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Profile: |
Squatinella mutica |
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Alternative Names: Squatinella mutica = Stephanops muticus |
Squatinella rostrum |
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Alternative Names: Squatinella rostrum = Stephanops lamellaris |
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