ATTENTION! Datafiles for A09 section were updated, refomatted, and renamed on 03/20/2003 ABSTRACT Johnson, K. M., D. W. R. Wallace, R. J. Wilke, and C. Goyet. 1995. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 in the South Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A9, February - March 1991). ORNL/CDIAC-82, NDP-051. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to obtain data on total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity (TALK), and discrete partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) during the Research Vessel (R/V) Meteor Expedition 15/3 in the South Atlantic Ocean (Section A9). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Vitoria, Brazil, on February 10, 1991, and ended in Pointe-Noire, Congo, on March 23, 1991. WOCE zonal Section A9 began at ~38W and continued along the 19S parallel until ~8E. Samples were collected for TCO2 from 28 stations along the 19th parallel and at 3 diversions north and south of the 19th parallel. The latter stations were occupied to track bottom water movements. Measurements made along WOCE Section A9 included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen measured by conductivity, temperature and depth sensor (CTD); bottle salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, CFC-113, CCl4, CFC-12, CFC-11, TCO2, TALK, and pCO2 measured at 20 C. Replicate samples from ten Niskin bottles at four stations were also collected for later shore-based reference analyses of TCO2 and TALK by vacuum extraction and manometry in the laboratory of Dr. Charles Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). The TCO2 was measured using an automated sample processor (SOMMA) for extracting CO2 from seawater samples coupled to a Coulometer for detection of the extracted gas. The precision and accuracy of the system was +/-1.0 umol/kg. R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 was an initial test of an experimental system for measuring pCO2 on discrete water samples: a batch equilibration technique was used followed by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. While the quality of some pCO2 data is poor compared with that collected more recently (i.e., precision and accuracy ~2-3%), all data have been included for completeness. Samples collected for TALK were measured using standard potentiometric techniques; precision was +/-2.6 umol/kg. The R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 data set is available free-of-charge as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Ddioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). The NDP consists of two oceanographic data files, two FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine files, a documentation file, and this printed documentation, which describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data. PART 1: OVERVIEW 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (as well as in other radiatively active trace gases) because of human activity has produced serious concern regarding the heat balance of the global atmosphere (Moore and Braswell 1994). The increasing concentrations of these gases may intensify the earth's natural greenhouse effect, and force the global climate system in ways that are not well understood. The oceans play a major role in global carbon cycle processes. Carbon in the oceans is unevenly distributed because of complex circulation patterns and biogeochemical cycles, neither of which are completely understood. To better understand the ocean s role in climate and climatic changes, several large experiments have been conducted in the past, and others are currently under way. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is a major component of the World Climate Research Program. Although total carbon dioxide (TCO2) is not an official WOCE measurement, a coordinated effort, supported in the United States by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is being made on WOCE cruises (through 1998) to measure the global, spatial, and temporal distributions of TCO2 and other carbon-related parameters. The CO2 survey goals include estimation of the meridional transport of inorganic carbon in a manner analogous to the oceanic heat transport (Bryden and Hall 1980; Brewer et al. 1989; Roemmich and Wunsch 1985), evaluation of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the ocean, and preparation of a database suitable for carbon-cycle modeling and the subsequent assessment of the anthropogenic CO2 increase in the oceans. The CO2 survey is taking advantage of the sampling opportunities provided by the WOCE cruises during this period. The final data set is expected to cover ~23,000 stations. This document describes the first effort by chemical oceanographers from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to make high-quality CO2 measurements during a 42-day expedition in the South Atlantic Ocean aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Meteor in the austral summer of 1991. Designated as WOCE Expedition code 06MT15/3, the cruise departed Vitoria, Brazil, on February 10, 1991, and arrived in Pointe-Noire, Congo, on March 23, 1991. The WOCE zonal Section is A9. The CO2 investigation during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 was supported by DOE grant DE-ACO2-76CH00016. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPEDITION 2.1 R/V Meteor, Technical Details and History The R/V Meteor is owned by the Federal Republic of Germany through the Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), which financed its construction. It is operated by the German Research Foundation (DFG), which provides about 70% of its operating funds (the BMFT supplies the remainder). DFG also plans the scientific cruises and appoints the chief scientists. The Operations Control Office of the University of Hamburg is responsible for management, logistics, execution and supervision of ship operations. These functions are exercised by direct cooperation with expedition coordinators and the managing owners, the Reedereigemeinschaft Forschungsschiffahrt GmbH, located in Bremen, Germany. The latter is responsible for hiring, provisioning, and coordinating ship maintenance. Used for ocean research, primarily in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the R/V Meteor routinely carries scientists from many different countries. The Meteor was completed in 1986 in Travemunde, Germany. The basic features of the vessel follow: Port of registration Hamburg Call sign DBBH Classification GL+100A4E2+MC Auto Operator University of Hamburg, Institute for Ocean Research Built 1985-1986 at Schlichting Werft, Travemunde Basic dimensions: gross registered tonnage 3990 net registered tonnage 1284 displacement 4780 t length overall 97.50 m beam 16.50 m draught max. 5.60 m service speed 12 kn depth main deck 7.70 m Personnel Crew: 32; Scientists: 30 Main engine 4 x Mak6M 322 = 4 x 1000 kW at 750 rpm Propulsion Diesel-electrical, tandem-motor = 2 x 1150 kW Fuel consumption Approximately 12.0 t IFO-80 per day at service speed Maximum cruise duration 60 days Nautical equipment Integrated navigation system with data transfer to position computer, echosounder synchronization and supervision, and data-processing facility Science quarters 20 laboratories on the main deck with ~400 m2 of working space for multidisciplinary research Meteor (I) was constructed in 1925, the first research and survey vessel of that name. Owned by the German navy, it was based in Wilhelmshaven. One of its first expeditions was the German Atlantic Ocean Expedition of 1925-1927, which was organized by the Institute of Marine Research in Berlin. Thereafter, the vessel was used for German physical, chemical, and microbiological marine investigations and for navy surveying and fisheries protection duties. Meteor (II) was planned after the 1950s; it was operated by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Science Community) in Bad Godesberg and the Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut (German Hydrographic Institute) in Hamburg. Commissioned in 1964, Meteor (II) participated in the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Multipurpose Meteor (III), used on the cruise described in this documentation, was completed in 1986, replacing Meteor (II). Based in Hamburg, it is used for German ocean research worldwide and for cooperative efforts with other nations in this field. The vessel serves scientists of all marine disciplines in all of the world's oceans. 2.2 R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 Information R/V Meteor 15/3 cruise information follows: Ship name Meteor Cruise/leg 15/3 Location Vitoria, Brazil, to Pointe-Niore, Congo Dates February 10 - March 23, 1991 Funding German Science Community, Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, Bonn, Germany, and U.S. DOE Chief Scientist Gerold Siedler, Institut fuer Meereskunde Kiel Master H. Bruns Parameters measured Institution Principal investigators CTD, salinity IFMK R. Onken, T. M ller Nutrients SIO, OSU J. Swift, D. Bos, J. Jennings Oxygen IFMW D. Nehring CFCs UBT W. Roether, P. Beining Tritium and 3He UBT W. Roether, P. Beining TCO2, TALK and pCO2 BNL, WHOI K. Johnson, D. Wallace, C. Goyet CCl4 and CFC s BNL D. Wallace, R. J. Wilke XBT, ADCP and XCP IFMK R. Onken, T. M ller Dimethyl sulfide MPI A. Andrae, T. Andrae Aerosols and particles MPI A. Andrae, S. de Mora Participating Institutions BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory IFMK Institut fuer Meereskunde Kiel IFMW Institut fuer Meereskunde Warnem nde MPI Max Planck Institut Mainz UBT University of Bremen, Tracer Oceanography Laboratory OSU Oregon State University SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2.3 Brief Cruise Summary Gerold Siedler relieved Walter Zenk as chief scientist upon completion of the R/V Meteor Cruise 15/2 on February 8, 1991, in Vitoria, Brazil; the remaining participants were on board by February 9. Equipment setup began on February 8. The R/V Meteor departed Vitoria at 9 am on February 10, 1991, and steamed to its initial position of 19S, 38W. On February 11 the ship began a short zonal section across the Brazil Current characterized by closely spaced expendable bathythermograph (XBT) launches and acoustic Doppler current profiling (ADCP). A test station was made to check CTD operation and possible contamination of the 10-liter Niskin bottles for CFCs. From these results and the earlier profiles, a decision was made to run westward to the 500-m isobath where the Section A9 began with a set of eight closely spaced expendable current profiler (XCP) and CTD profiles including the standard measurements (nutrients, O2, CO2, tracers) as the ship steamed once again eastward across the Brazil Current and into the open ocean along 19S. Neither tracer nor CO2 samples could be taken on all CTD stations because of the time required for analysis. The density of the CO2 sampling was gradually increased during the first week until at least one CO2 station was completed each day. Initial delays were aggravated by high (+ 3 to 10 umol/kg) TCO2 results for the certified reference material (CRM) analyses with respect to the certified value. It was initially assumed that the problem lay with the SOMMA-Coulometer system or its software, and time was lost troubleshooting. After analyzing a limited number of samples from an earlier CRM batch (see Table 1 on page 13) over several days, it was found that the measurement system was operating properly and that the new CRM batch supplied especially for the cruise was at fault. This was confirmed by subsequent testing. To compare these data with data from the earlier U.S. South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE) Program, the normal station routine (i.e., every 30 nm) was interrupted at 25 W between February 19 and 20 for an additional three stations north and south of 19S. To identify deep water movements on the western edge of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, between February 25 and 27 a short meridional section comprising seven stations was carried out from 19 00'S to 23 40'S. Between March 3 and 6 the ship veered slightly southward to avoid the 200-mile commerce zone belonging to the island of St. Helena (United Kingdom). Between March 12 and 15 a diversion was made at 7E to the Walvis Ridge, and eight CTD stations were taken along a track parallel to the ridge to study deep water movements in this region. The ship continued the zonal section along 19S until ~8E where a course change to east-northeast was made. To adequately sample the eastern boundary current up to the continental shelf, the distance between stations at this point was reduced from 30 to 10 nm. On March 19, 1991 WOCE Zonal Section A9 was completed. The ship steamed to Pointe-Noire, Congo, arriving on March 23, 1991. Weather and sea conditions were excellent throughout the cruise. 3. DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES AND METHODS The data file met153.dat (see description in Part 2) in this numeric data package (NDP) contains the following variables: station numbers; cast numbers; sample numbers; bottle numbers; CTD pressures, temperatures, salinities, and oxygen; potential temperatures; bottle salinities; concentrations of dissolved oxygen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate; TCO2 and TALK concentrations; partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) measured at 20 C; CFC-113; CCl4; CFC-12; CFC-11; and quality flags. The station inventory file m153sta.inv (Part 2) contains expocodes, section numbers, station numbers, cast numbers, sampling dates (i.e., day, month, year), sampling times, latitude, longitude, and bottom depth for each station. Water samples were collected by a General Oceanics rosette equipped with 24 10-L bottles mounted on a Neil Brown Mark III CTD instrument (IFMK numbers NB3 and NB2) equipped with an O2 sensor and bottom alarm. Using IFMK software by L. Bellach, pressure, temperature, conductivity, oxygen, and sensor temperature data were recorded on a PC at the full sampling rate of 32 Hz in binary form and at a reduced sampling rate of 3 Hz on a Micro Vax computer. Reversing thermometers were included on bottles 1 and 23 (deepest and mixed-layer sample); each rack consisted of three thermometers. The CTD pressure, temperature, oxygen, and conductivity data were processed and corrected according to laboratory calibrations in 1990 and 1991, and in situ measurements, according to procedures written by Ruhsam (1994) and Siedler and Zenk (1992). Pressure values are expected to be accurate to +/-3 dbar; temperature to +/-0.002 C. Salinity for selected Niskin bottles (about one in every three) was also determined on a Guildline Autosal model 8400A, that was standardized weekly with International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) water (batch P112). These data were also used to process the CTD data, and the final salinity data are expected to be accurate to +/-0.002 on the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS). Oxygen was determined on each Niskin bottle by the Winkler method as modified by Grasshoff et al. (1983). Duplicates were taken periodically to estimate the accuracy and precision of the entire sampling procedure, which was determined to be +/-1 umol/kg. The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate dissolved in seawater were determined on a continuous flow analyzer: the Alpkem Corporation RFA 300, which was used in conjunction with a data acquisition system supplied by Oregon State University. The analyses were completed within 24 h after sampling. The TCO2 was determined using an automated coulometric system (SOMMA) (Johnson et al. 1985; Johnson et al. 1987; Johnson and Wallace 1992). Some 753 individual samples, along with 145 duplicates from 29 stations, were collected in 300-mL precombusted (450 C for 24 h) bottles and immediately poisoned with HgCl2 according to the DOE Handbook of Methods (DOE 1994). Before analysis, samples were kept in darkness until thermally equilibrated to the pipette temperature. CRM supplied by Andrew G. Dickson, of SIO (DOE 1994), were also analyzed. CRMs are filtered sterile salt solutions or seawater spiked with Na2CO3, analyzed for TCO2 concentration by vacuum-extraction/manometry in the laboratory of Charles D. Keeling at SIO. For analysis, seawater introduced from an automated To Deliver pipette into a stripping chamber was acidified, and the resultant CO2, after drying, was coulometrically titrated on a model 5011 UIC coulometer. In the coulometer cell the hydroxyethylcarbamic acid, formed from the reaction of CO2 and ethanolamine, was titrated coulometrically (electrolytic generation of OH ) with photometric endpoint detection. The product of the time and the current passed through the cell during titration was related by Faraday s constant to the number of moles of OH generated, and thus to the moles of CO2 that reacted with ethanolamine to form the acid. For system calibration, a gas calibration procedure using pure CO2 was built into the SOMMA. The hardware, located upstream of the stripper, consisted of an eight-port Gas Sampling Valve (GSV) with two sample loops connected to a source of pure CO2 through an isolation valve; the vent side of the GSV was plumbed to a barometer. When a gas loop was filled with CO2, the mass (moles) of CO2 contained therein was calculated by dividing the loop volume (V) by the molar volume of CO2 at the ambient T and P. The molar volume of CO2 [V(CO2)] was calculated iteratively from the expression: V(CO2) = RT / P[1+ B(T) / V(CO2)] , were P is the instantaneous barometric pressure, T is the loop temperature, and B(T) is the first virial coefficient for pure CO2. The ratio of the calculated mass to that determined coulometrically was the gas calibration factor (CALFAC) used to correct the subsequent titrations for small departures from 100% theoretical response. The volume of the loops was determined gravimetrically with deionized water by the method of Wilke et al. (1993). The "to deliver" volume (TDV) of the SOMMA sample pipette was determined gravimetrically with milli-Q deionized water degassed with helium. The thermostatted sample pipette was filled with water at the same temperature and then discharged into preweighed 50-mL serum bottles that were reweighed on a model R300S (Sartorius, G ttingen, Germany) balance. The apparent weight (g) of water collected (Wair) was corrected to the mass in vacuo (Mvac) from Mvac = Wair + Wair (0.0012/d - 0.0012/8.0) , where 0.0012 is the sea level density of air at 1 atm, d is the density of the calibration fluid at the pipette temperature and sample salinity, and 8.0 is the density of the stainless steel weights. The TDV was TDV = Mvac /d . The precruise calibrated TDV of the pipette was 28.7113 +/-0.003 mL (n = 8) at 20 C. During the cruise, 52 preweighed serum bottles were filled from the pipette. They were sealed and returned to the laboratory for reweighing. The mean volume from these bottles was 28.7172 +/- 0.0096 at 20 C. The mean difference between the precruise and postcruise results was 0.0059 mL which is less than the standard deviation of the 52 postcruise weighings; accordingly, TCO2 was calculated using the precruise volume of 28.7113 mL. An IBM compatible personal computer with two RS232 serial, a 24-line digital input/output, and analog-to-digital ports was used to control the coulometer, barometer, solid state control relays, and temperature sensors, respectively. The temperature sensors (model LM34CH, National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, California) with a voltage output of 10 mV/ F were calibrated against thermistors certified to 0.01 C (PN CSP60BT103M, Thermometrics, Edison, New Jersey) with a certified mercury thermometer as a secondary standard. These sensors monitored the pipette, gas sample loop, and the coulometer cell temperatures. The barometer, model 216B-101 Digiquartz Transducer (Paroscientific, Inc., Redmond, Washington) was factory-calibrated for pressures between 11.5 and 16.0 psia. The SOMMA software was written in GWBASIC Version 3.20 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Washington), and the instrument was driven from an options menu appearing on the personal computer monitor. Titrations were done with the coulometer in the counts mode: the total charge passed during a titration was displayed as the total number of counts accumulated by the coulometer's voltage- to-frequency converter (VFC). From the factory calibration of the VFC [frequency = 105 pulses (counts) generated per second at 200 mA] and the value of a Faraday (96489 coulomb/mol), a scaling factor of 4.82445 x 103 counts per micromole was derived, and the micromoles (M) titrated were M = counts/4824.45 - (blank x TT) , where TT was the length of the titration in minutes and blank was the system blank in micromole per minute. The total carbon dioxide concentration in mol/kg was calculated as follows: TCO2 = [M(CALFAC)(1000/TDVC x p)] x 1.00017 , where CALFAC is the gas calibration factor, TDVC is the to deliver volume of the pipette in milliliters corrected for the thermal expansion of glass, p is the density of sea water in kilograms per liter from the equation of state (Millero and Poisson 1981), and 1.00017 corrects for the dilution of the sample by addition of 100 uL of HgCl2 solution to the 300-mL sample bottle. Precision for a set of analyzed samples was expressed as the square root of the pooled variance (Sp2). The precision for the A9 samples was estimated from 90 replicates collected from 18 deep- water samples analyzed throughout the cruise. The Sp2 was +/- 0.83 umol/kg (Johnson et al. 1993). Analytical accuracy was verified by the analysis of 11 CRMs (batch 2) during the cruise; certified TCO2 was 1978.78 +/-0.93 (n = 9) umol/kg. The mean and standard deviation for the CRM analyzed at sea on the SOMMA was 1978.1 +/-0.82 umol/kg. Table 1 lists the CRM data. Note the excellent agreement between Sp2 obtained from sample duplicates ( +/-0.83 umol/kg) and the CRM precision (+/-0.82 umol/kg) and the close agreement between the CRM results for February 13 and those for March 20 some 6 weeks later. Unfortunately, only 11 CRM from batch 2 were available for analysis. Because the batch 3 CRMs supplied for the cruise were found to be unstable and uncertifiable, data from this batch cannot be used to evaluate the performance of the TCO2 measurement system. Table 1. Results of the certified reference material (batch 2) shipboard analyses during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 February - March 1991. The CRM had a certified TCO2 of 1978.8 umol/kg and salinity of 33.361 PSS. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | CRM bottle | Date | System blank | CALFAC | Total CO2 | | no. | analyzed | ug C/min | | umol/kg | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 206 13.02.91 0.050 1.004596 1977.1 213 15.02.91 0.058 1.004005 1977.8 297 15.02.91 0.058 1.004005 1976.9 4 16.02.91 0.034 1.009080 1979.6 308 17.02.91 0.018 1.003203 1977.8 181 19.02.91 0.034 1.003736 1977.6 155 23.02.91 0.036 1.002476 1977.6 259 27.02.91 0.038 1.004088 1979.2 292 06.03.91 0.031 1.004465 1978.3 237 12.03.91 0.030 1.003876 1978.3 156 20.03.91 0.039 1.003915 1978.4 Mean standard deviation 1978.1 +/-0.82 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Replicate samples from ten Niskin bottles at four stations were also collected for later shore- based reference analyses of TCO2 by vacuum extraction and manometry by Charles D. Keeling, SIO. The results (Table 2), extracted from Guenther et al. (1994), were obtained very early in the program for comparing shipboard analyses by coulometry with shore-based analyses of duplicate samples, and many mistakes and false starts were noted. For example, experimentation with the most suitable sample bottle for this purpose was not yet completed, nor storage precautions or expedited shipping procedures been worked out. Therefore, some of the differences in the seven completed comparisons listed in Table 2 probably resulted from unfamiliarity with the new RODAVISS glass bottle stoppers: some breakage was caused by overtightening; some loss of CO2, by undertightening of the stoppers. Nor were the storage conditions optimal for the data quality of the surviving samples: they were kept in a non-air-conditioned cargo hold for the remainder of R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 and then transported to Brazil before they could be shipped to SIO. Temperature sensors were not included in the shipping crates, as is now standard operating procedure; however, temperatures likely exceeded an unacceptable 30 C in either the cargo hold during the R/V Meteor s return voyage to Brazil or in Brazil prior to shipment to SIO. TALK samples were collected and poisoned with 50 uL of saturated solution of HgCl2 in 250-mL, standard borosilicate glass, screw-cap bottles. They were stored at room temperature and returned to Woods Hole for TALK analysis. TALK was determined by potentiometric titration; a method derived from one first described by Dyrssen (1965) and later modified by Bradshaw et al. (1981) was used. The automated titration was performed in a closed cell maintained at constant temperature (25 +/-0.1 C); to be similar to seawater, the ionic strength of the hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 N) was adjusted with NaCl. The ratio of the acid normality over the cell volume was calibrated before and after the sample analysis. The calibration consisted of preparing solutions of known TALK concentration and measuring them as described by Brewer et al. (1986). The precision of the measurements was estimated to be better than 0.1%. The samples were likely exposed to relatively high temperatures during shipment from Brazil to Woods Hole. Some sample bottles were also broken during shipment. Overall precision of the data set was therefore slightly degraded from that expected from measurement error alone. The pooled standard deviation for ten replicate samples was ~0.12%. Table 2. Comparison of shipboard analyses of total carbon dioxide by coulometry (BNL) during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 with the shore-based reference analyses by manometry on duplicate samples by C. D. Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Station | Sample | Niskin | Depth | TCO2 | TCO2 | Diff. | Sal. Diff | | no. | date | no. | (m) | (BNL) | (SIO) | (BNL-SIO) | (BNL-SIO) | | | | | | umol/kg | umol/kg | umol.kg | PSS | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143 16.02.91 318 1593 2174.58 2171.58 +2.65 +0.014 143 16.02.91 312 2995 2180.38 2183.44 -3.06 +0.020 154 21.02.91 224 8 2084.12 2095.58 -11.46 +0.045 187 03.03.91 224 7 2073.05 2075.58 -2.53 +0.013 187 03.03.91 318 1194 2212.87 2217.87 -4.91 +0.023 187 03.03.91 312 2492 2188.71 2183.74 +4.97 +0.034 199 07.03.91 202 898 2220.60 2228.38 -7.78 +0.007 Mean -3.16 +0.022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pCO2 was measured using an experimental analytical system employing a batch-equilibration, static headspace analysis technique, with detection by gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector. Subsequently, this technique has been greatly improved and a full description is presented by Neill et al. (1995). During the R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3, the developing technique gave less than optimum data quality for this parameter because not all sources of error were known. The data are presented primarily for completeness, and caution must be exercised in their quantitative interpretation. Briefly, the technique used was based on the static headspace methane method of Johnson et al. (1990). Samples were collected in 60-mL serum bottles rinsed and filled to overflowing at the Niskin bottle. These samples were transported to a box that was purged with a flow of 350 ppm CO2 in argon. A headspace of ~ 5-mL was introduced using a disposable pipette-tip attached to a special tool (Johnson et al. 1990). The headspace was purged briefly with the argon-CO2 mixture, and a septum was placed over the serum bottle neck and crimped tightly with an aluminum cap. Headspace overpressure from crimping was relieved by piercing the septum with a needle for 3 to 4 seconds. The samples were equilibrated for 4 to 6 hours in the dark in a shaking water bath at 20 C. The experiments performed at sea indicated that there was no significant difference in the measured pCO2 of replicate samples equilibrated for periods from 2 to 9 hours. Following equilibration, the septum was pierced with two needles. The longer needle was inserted to the bottom of the serum bottle to dispense a brine solution, while the shorter one penetrated just below the septum into the headspace. Approximately 4 mL of brine solution was injected into the bottle through the longer needle displacing the headspace through the shorter one to purge and fill a small (400 uL) gas sample loop attached to the gas chromatograph. After filling, the loop was allowed to come to atmospheric pressure, temperature and pressure were recorded, and the contents were injected onto a 6 ft x 1/8 in. stainless steel chromatographic column packed with Porapak N. A methanizer column containing a nickel catalyst (Varian Inc.) mounted in the injector block of the gas chromatograph at 325 C on the terminal end of the column was used to quantitatively convert CO2 to CH4 for detection by flame ionization. Carrier gas flow rate was 30 mL/min of ultra high purity nitrogen; the methanizer was supplied with hydrogen from a hydrogen generator at 30 mL/min. The flame ionization detector was supplied with compressed air and hydrogen at 300 and 30 mL/min, respectively. The variety of septa used were found to leak during equilibration, after they had been pierced with needles. To calculate the partial pressure of CO2 after equilibration, it is usually necessary to measure or calculate the pressure of equilibration because of the phase redistribution of gases dissolved in seawater. Subsequent testing with a wide variety of septa and improved technique showed that the pressure of equilibration can be calculated or measured accurately when the septa do not leak. However, septa used during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 consistently leaked, so that the pressure of equilibration was the same as the ambient atmospheric pressure. To calculate the pCO2 of the equilibrated samples, the area of the CO2 peak was converted to a mole fraction of CO2 within the headspace from temperature and pressure measurements, and a calibration curve was obtained from injections of gas-phase CO2 standards at nominal levels of 250, 350, 750, and 1500 ppmv. Subsequently, these standards were intercalibrated against primary standards maintained at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. The mole fraction of CO2 at the measured atmospheric pressure was converted to the partial pressure of CO2 after equilibration. From the measured (unequilibrated) sample TCO2 (SOMMA), the original CO2 content of the introduced headspace, and the CO2 content after equilibration, the mass of CO2 transferred from the liquid to the gas phase, or vice versa, was calculated and used to calculate the sample TCO2 after equilibration. From TCO2 and the measured pCO2, the TALK was calculated. TALK was assumed to be conservative, and from the TALK - TCO2 pair the pCO2 of the water sample at 20 C prior to equilibration was calculated by using the thermodynamic constants of Roy et al. (1993), Weiss (1974), and published procedures (DOE 1994). In the data files pCO2 is reported at a standard temperature of 20 C. Actual equilibration temperatures generally ranged from 19.9 C to 20.2 C. Precision varied throughout the cruise, depending primarily on the status of the catalyst, that had to be reconditioned periodically. Precision on multiple (>3) replicates varied from 0.4 to ~6% and averaged 2%. Accuracy was judged in three ways. First, throughout the cruise the mole fraction of CO2 in air was measured; air was collected in syringes at the bow of the ship during steaming between stations. The mean pCO2 of the air, expressed as a dry air mole fraction, was 353.6 (+/-9.74); this compares well with contemporary measurements of 353.5 and 352.9 made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory air sampling network in February and March 1991 on air samples collected at Ascension Island (7 55'S and 14 25'W) (Conway et al. 1994). This agreement suggested that although instrument imprecision was high, the overall accuracy of the measurements was consistent with a completely independent set of measurements. Second, assessment of accuracy arose from samples overdetermined for the carbonate system. In this case, the TALK by potentiometric titration for samples from two stations was compared with the TALK calculated from the measured pCO2 TCO2 pair. TALK calculated from the pCO2-TCO2 pair was 4 umol/kg ( +/- 12) lower than the measured TALK for these stations. Once again, this suggested relatively good accuracy but poor precision. Third, overall assessment of accuracy was made by comparing the discrete-pCO2 measurements with measurements made by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO). Station 199 (19S, 2W) of Meteor Cruise 15/3 was compared with Station 144 (20S, 1W) of the SAVE expedition, at which a discrete-pCO2 profile had been collected during February 1988 by D. Chipman and T. Takahashi of LDEO. The respective profiles show very good agreement within the Angola Basin Deep Waters (>2000 m). For this depth range, the R/V Meteor 15/3 mean value of pCO2 at 20 C was 801 (+/-10) compared with a SAVE value of 786 (+/-11). In the upper waters, systematic differences were noted between the two profiles; however, these can be seen in the TCO2 data as well. Exploratory measurements of anthropogenic halocarbon compounds [CCl4, CCl2FCClF2 (CFC-113), CCl3F (CFC-11), and CCl2F2 (CFC-12)] were made using a new analytical technique on R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 (Wallace et al. 1994). The new method was jointly developed by BNL, Bedford Institute of Oceanography (Canada), and Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden). Briefly, it employs a purge-and-trap extraction technique similar to that used in previous CFC analysis systems (Gammon et al. 1982; Wallace and Moore 1985; Bullister and Weiss 1988). The most significant differences from the earlier technique were: 1.The chromatographic column used was a wide-bore DB-624 glass capillary (J&W; 70 m 0.53 mm OD; 3-um film) which gives baseline resolution between the tracer compounds of interest and a variety of natural and anthropogenic halocarbons. 2.The purged volatile compounds were trapped on a short Porapak N column kept at ambient temperature (~20 C). This eliminated the need for taking cryogenic systems to sea. Because CFC-11 and CFC-12 were measured separately by a group from the university of Bremen, the BNL system was optimized for measuring low levels of CCl4, CH3CCl3, and CFC-113 by using a 20-mL water sample and increasing the purge-gas flow to 5 min at 60 mL/min. Extraction efficiency was > 99% for all compounds except CH3CCl3 (~85%). These conditions caused CFC-12 to approach breakthrough on the trap, decreasing precision and accuracy for this compound. Hence, all CFC-12 (and most CFC-11) data in this NDP are based on measurements obtained by using the separate packed column system, which employed low-temperature trapping. Two unexpected problems were encountered: a partial chromatographic interference for CFC-113 due to extremely high levels of CH3I in tropical near-surface waters and a second, more serious problem, arising from a buildup of water on the column, which caused large negative peaks and an interfering baseline shift in the vicinity of the CFC-113 peak. Both of these problems have subsequently been corrected; however, they greatly reduced the number of samples that could be obtained. 4. DATA CHECKS AND PROCESSING PERFORMED BY CDIAC An important part of the NDP process at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) involves the quality assurance (QA) of data before distribution. Data received at CDIAC are rarely in a condition that would permit immediate distribution, regardless of the source. To guarantee data of the highest possible quality, CDIAC conducts extensive QA reviews that involve examining the data for completeness, reasonableness, and accuracy. Although they have common objectives, these reviews are tailored to each data set, often requiring extensive programming efforts. In short, the QA process is a critical component in the value-added concept of supplying accurate, usable data for researchers. The following summarizes the data-processing and QA checks performed by CDIAC on the data obtained during the R/V Meteor Expedition 15/3 in the South Atlantic Ocean. 1. Carbon-related data and preliminary hydrographic measurements were provided to CDIAC by K. M. Johnson and D. W. R. Wallace of BNL. The final hydrographic and chemical measurements and the station information files were provided by the WOCE Hydrographic Program Office (WHPO) after quality evaluation. A FORTRAN 77 retrieval code was written and used to merge and reformat all data files. 2. To check for obvious outliers, all data were plotted by use of a PLOTNEST.C program written by Stewart C. Sutherland (LDEO). The program plots a series of nested profiles, using the station number as an offset; the first station is defined at the beginning, and subsequent stations are offset by a fixed interval. 3. To identify noisy data and possible systematic, methodological errors, property-property plots for all parameters were generated, carefully examined, and compared with plots from previous expeditions in the South Atlantic Ocean. 4. All variables were checked for values exceeding physical limits, such as sampling depth values that are greater than the given bottom depths. 5. Dates, times, and coordinates were checked for bogus values (e.g., values of MONTH < 1 or > 12; DAY < 1 or > 31; YEAR < or > 1991; TIME < 0000 or > 2400; LAT < 25.000 or > 17.000; and LONG < 40.000 or > 12.000). 6. Station locations (latitudes and longitudes) and sampling times were examined for consistency with maps and with cruise information supplied by K. M. Johnson and D. W. R. Wallace, BNL. 7. The designation for missing values, given as -9.0 in the original files, was changed to -999.9. 5. HOW TO OBTAIN THE DATA AND DOCUMENTATION This database is available on request in machine-readable form, without charge, from CDIAC. CDIAC will also distribute subsets of the database as needed. It can be acquired on 9-track magnetic tape; 8-mm tape; 150-mB, quarter-inch tape cartridge; IBM-formatted floppy diskettes; or from CDIAC's anonymous File Transfer Protocol (FTP) area via Internet (see FTP address below). Requests should include any specific media instructions (e.g., 1600 or 6250 BPI, labeled or nonlabeled, ASCII or EBCDIC characters, and variable- or fixed-length records; 3.5- or 5.25- inch floppy diskettes, high or low density; and 8200 or 8500 format, 8-mm tape) required by the user to access the data. Magnetic tape requests not accompanied by specific instructions will be filled on 9-track, 6250-BPI, standard-labeled tapes with EBCDIC characters. Requests should be addressed to Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory Post Office Box 2008 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6335 U.S.A. Telephone: (615) 574-0390 or (615) 574-3645 Fax: (615) 574-2232 Electronic Mail: INTERNET: CDIAC@ORNL.GOV The data files can also be acquired from CDIAC's anonymous FTP account via Internet: FTP to cdiac.esd.ornl.gov (128.219.24.36), Enter "ftp" or "anonymous" as the user ID, Enter your electronic mail address as the password (e.g., "alex@alex.esd.ornl.gov" ), Change to the directory "/pub/ndp051", and Acquire the files using the FTP "get" or "mget" command. 6. REFER ENCES Bradshaw A. L., P. G. Brewer, D. K. Shafer, and R. T. Williams. 1981. Measurements of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity by potentiometric titration in the GEOSECS program. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55:99-115. Brewer, P. G., C. Goyet, and D. Dyrssen. 1989. Carbon dioxide transport by ocean currents at 25 N latitude in the Atlantic Ocean. Science 246:477-79. Brewer, P. G., A. L. Bradshaw, and R. T. Williams. 1986. Measurements of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1981. pp. 358-81. In D. Reiche (ed.), The Global Carbon Cycle: Analysis of the Natural Cycle and Implications of Anthropogenic Alterations for the Next Century. Springer, New York. Bryden, H. L., and M. M. Hall. 1980. Heat transport by ocean currents across 25 N latitude in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 207:884. Bullister, J. L., and R. F. Weiss. 1988. Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in seawater and air. Deep Sea Res. 35:839-53. Conway, J. J., P. P. Tans, and L. S. Waterman. 1994. Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the NOAA/CMDL air-sampling network. pp. 41-119. In T. A. Boden, D. P. Kaiser, R. J. Sepanski, and F. W. Stoss (eds.), Trends 93: A compendium of data on global change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1994. Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water. Ver. 2. ORNL/CDIAC-74. A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet (eds.). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dyrssen D. 1965. A gran titration of sea water on board SAGITTA. Acta Chemica Scand. 19:1265. Gammon, R. N., J. Cline, and D. P. Wisegarver. 1982. Chlorofluoromethanes in the northeast Pacific Ocean: Measured vertical distribution and application as transient tracers of upper ocean mixing. J. Geophys. Res. 87:9441-54. Grasshoff, K., M. Ehrhardt, and K. Kremling (eds.). 1983. Methods of Seawater Analysis, 2d ed. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, Germany. 419. Guenther, P. R., C. D. Keeling, and G. Emanuele III. 1994. Oceanic CO2 Measurements for the WOCE Hydrographic Survey in the Pacific Ocean, 1990 1991: Shore Based Analyses. SIO Reference Series. Ref. No. 94/28, University of California. Johnson, K. M. and D. W. R. Wallace. 1992. The single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer for total carbon dioxide with coulometric detection. DOE Research Summary, No. 19. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Johnson, K. M., A. E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1985. Coulometric TCO2 analyses for marine studies: An introduction. Mar. Chem. 16:61-82. Johnson, K. M., J. M. Sieburth, P. J. B. Williams, and L. Br ndstr m. 1987. Coulometric TCO2 analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Mar. Chem. 21:117-33. Johnson, K. M., J. E. Hughes, P. L. Donaghay, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1990. Bottle-calibration static head space method for the determination of methane dissolved in seawater. Anal. Chem. 62:2408-12. Johnson, K. M., K. D. Wills, D. B. Butler, W. K. Johnson, and C. S. Wong. 1993. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction system and coulometric detector. Mar. Chem. 44:167-87. Millero, F. J., and A. Poisson. 1981. International one-atmosphere equation of state for sea water. Deep-Sea Res. 28:625-29. Moore B. and B. H. Braswell, Jr. 1994. Planetary Metabolism: Understanding the Carbon Cycle, MBIO Vol. 23, No. 1. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden. Neill, C., D. W. R. Wallace, and K. M. Johnson. 1995. Small volume, batch equilibration measurement of pCO2 in discrete water samples. Deep-Sea Research (submitted). Roemmich, D., and C. Wunsch. 1985. Two transatlantic sections: Meridional circulation and heat flux in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 32:619-64. Roy, R. N., L. N. Roy, M. Lawson, K. M. Vogel, C. P. Moore, W. Davis, and F. J. Millero. 1993. Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in seawater at S = 35 from 0 to 55 C. Mar. Chem. 44:243-48. Ruhsam, C. M. 1994. WHP One-Time Section A9 Data Report. WOCE Special Analysis Center, Bundesamt feur Seeschiffahrt and Hydrographie, Hamburg (unpublished manuscript). Siedler, G., and W. Zenk. 1992. WOCE Sudatlantik 1991, Reise Nr. 15, 30 Dezember 1990 23 Marz 1991. METEOR-Berichte. Universitat Hamburg, 92-1. Wallace, D. W. R., and R. M. Moore. 1985. Vertical profiles of CCl2F2 (F-12) and CCl3F (F-11) in the Central Arctic Ocean Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 90:1155-66. Wallace, D. W. R., P. Beining, and A. Putzka. 1994. Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean, 19 S. J. Geophys. Res. 99:7803-19. Weiss, R. F. 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2:203-15. Wilke, R. J., D. W. R. Wallace, and K. M. Johnson. 1993. A water-based, gravimetric method for the determination of gas sample loop volume. Anal. Chem. 65:2403-06. PART 2 CONTENT AND FORMAT OF DATA FILES 7. FILE DESCRIPTIONS This section describes the content and format of each of the five files that comprise this NDP (see Table 3). Because CDIAC distributes the data set in several ways (e.g., via anonymous FTP, floppy diskette, and on 9-track magnetic tape), each of the five files is referenced by both an ASCII file name, which is given in lower-case, bold-faced type (e.g., ndp051.txt) and a file number. The remainder of this section describes (or lists, where appropriate) the contents of each file. The files are discussed in the order in which they appear on the magnetic tape. ATTENTION! Datafiles for A09 section were updated, refomatted, and renamed on 03/20/2003 Table 3. Content, size, and format of data files File number, name, Logical File size Block Record and description records in bytes size length 1. ndp051.txt: 1,426 90,106 8,000 80 a detailed description of the cruise network, the two FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routines, and the two oceanographic data files 2. stainv.for: 33 1,195 8,000 80 a FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine to read and print m153sta.inv (File 4) 3. m153dat.for: 49 2,278 8,000 80 a FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine to read and print met153.dat (File 5) 4. m153sta.inv: 195 15,405 4,100 41 a listing of the station locations, sampling dates, and sounding bottom depths for each of the 111 stations 5. met153.dat: 3,706 811,614 16,000 160 hydrographic, carbon dioxide, and chemical data from 111 stations _____ ______ Total 4,433 878,496 ndp051.txt (File 1) This file contains a detailed description of the data set, the two FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routines, and the two oceanographic data files. It exists primarily for the benefit of individuals who acquire this database as machine-readable data files from CDIAC. stainv.for (File 2) This file contains a FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine to read and print m153sta.inv (File 4). The following is a listing of this program. For additional information regarding variable definitions, variable lengths, variable types, units, and codes, please see the description for m153sta.inv. c**************************************************************** c* FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine to read and print the * c* file named "a09sta.dat" (File 4) * c**************************************************************** INTEGER stat, cast, depth CHARACTER expo*10, sect*3, date*8, time*4 REAL latdcm, londcm OPEN (unit=1, file='a09sta.dat') OPEN (unit=2, file='a09sta.data') c*Sets up a loop to read and format all the data in the file* read (1, 6) 6 format (/////////) 7 CONTINUE read (1, 10, end=999) expo, sect, stat, cast, date, time, 1 latdcm, londcm, depth 10 format (A10, 2X, A3, 7X, I3, 7X, I1, 1X, A8, 3X, A4, 4X, 1 F7.3, 3X, F8.3, 4X, I4) write (2, 20) expo, sect, stat, cast, date, time, latdcm, 1 londcm, depth 20 format (A10, 2X, A3, 7X, I3, 7X, I1, 1X, A8, 3X, A4, 4X, 1 F7.3, 3X, F8.3, 4X, I4) GOTO 7 999 close(unit=1) close(unit=2) stop end m153dat.for (File 3) This file contains a FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine to read and print met153.dat (File 5). The following is a listing of this program. For additional information regarding variable definitions, variable lengths, variable types, units, and codes, please see the description for met153.dat. c******************************************************************** c* FORTRAN 90 data retrieval routine to read and print the file * c* named "a09.dat" (File 5) * c******************************************************************** CHARACTER qualt*15 INTEGER sta, cast, samp, bot REAL pre, ctdtmp, ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silca REAL nitrat, nitrit, phspht, cfc11, cfc12, delc14, c14er REAL tcarb, talk, pco2, pco2tmptco2 OPEN (unit=1, file='a09.dat') OPEN (unit=2, file='a09.data') c*Sets up a loop to read and format all the data in the file* read (1, 6) 6 format (//////////) 7 CONTINUE read (1, 10, end=999) sta, cast, samp, bot, pre, ctdtmp, 1 ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silca, nitrat, nitrit, 2 phspht, cfc11, cfc12, delc14, c14er, tcarb, talk, pco2, 3 pco2tmp, qualt 10 format (5X, I3, 7X, I1, 6X, I2, 5X, I3, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1 1X, F7.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1X, F9.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 2 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F7.1, 3 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 1X, A15) write (2, 20) sta, cast, samp, bot, pre, ctdtmp, 1 ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silca, nitrat, nitrit, 2 phspht, cfc11, cfc12, delc14, c14er, tcarb, talk, pco2, 3 pco2tmp, qualt 20 format (5X, I3, 7X, I1, 6X, I2, 5X, I3, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1 1X, F7.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1X, F9.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 2 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F7.1, 3 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 1X, A15) GOTO 7 999 close(unit=1) close(unit=2) stop end m153sta.inv (File 4) This file provides station inventory information for each of the 111 stations occupied during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3. Each line of the file contains an expocode, section number, station number, cast number, sampling date, sampling time, latitude, longitude, and sounding depth. The file is sorted by station number and can be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 code (contained in stainv.for, File 2): INTEGER stat, cast, depth CHARACTER expo*10, sect*3, date*8, time*4 REAL latdcm, londcm read (1, 10, end=999) expo, sect, stat, cast, date, time, 1 latdcm, londcm, depth 10 format (A10, 2X, A3, 7X, I3, 7X, I1, 1X, A8, 3X, A4, 4X, 1 F7.3, 3X, F8.3, 4X, I4) Stated in tabular form, the contents include the following: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable Variable Variable Starting Ending type width column column ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- expo Character 8 3 10 sect Character 2 13 14 stat Numeric 3 22 24 cast Numeric 1 32 32 date Character 7 35 41 time Character 4 45 48 latdcm Numeric 7 53 59 londcm Numeric 7 64 70 depth Numeric 4 75 78 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- where expo is the expocode of the cruise; sect is the WOCE section number; stat is the station number (values range from 122 to 232); cast is the cast number; date is the sampling date (includes: month/day/year); time is the sampling time (GMT); latdcm is the latitude of the station (in decimal degrees; negative values indicate the Southern Hemisphere); londcm is the longitude of the station (in decimal degrees; negative values indicate the Western Hemisphere); depth is the sounding depth of the station (in meters). met153.dat (File 5) This file provides hydrographic, carbon dioxide, and chemical data for the 111 stations occupied during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3. Each line consists of a station number; cast number; sample number; bottle number; CTD pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen; potential temperature; bottle salinity; concentrations of oxygen, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, total carbon dioxide, and total alkalinity; pCO2; pCO2 temperature; CFC-113; CCl4; CFC-12; CFC-11; and data quality flags. The file is sorted by station number and pressure and can be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 code (contained in m153dat.for, File 3): CHARACTER qualt*15 INTEGER sta, cast, samp, bot REAL pre, ctdtmp, ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silca REAL nitrat, nitrit, phspht, cfc11, cfc12, delc14, c14er REAL tcarb, talk, pco2, pco2tmptco2 read (1, 10, end=999) sta, cast, samp, bot, pre, ctdtmp, 1 ctdsal, ctdoxy, theta, sal, oxy, silca, nitrat, nitrit, 2 phspht, cfc11, cfc12, delc14, c14er, tcarb, talk, pco2, 3 pco2tmp, qualt 10 format (5X, I3, 7X, I1, 6X, I2, 5X, I3, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1 1X, F7.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.4, 1X, F9.4, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 2 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F7.2, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F8.3, 1X, F7.1, 3 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.1, 1X, F7.2, 1X, A15) Stated in tabular form, the contents include the following: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Variable Variable Starting Ending Variable type width column column ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ sta Numeric 3 6 8 cast Numeric 1 16 16 samp Numeric 2 23 24 bot Numeric 3 30 32 pre Numeric 6 35 40 ctdtmp Numeric 7 42 48 ctdsal Numeric 9 52 60 ctdoxy Numeric 7 62 68 theta Numeric 7 70 76 sal Numeric 9 80 88 oxy Numeric 7 90 96 silca Numeric 7 98 104 nitrat Numeric 7 106 112 nitrit Numeric 7 114 120 phspht Numeric 7 122 128 tcarb Numeric 6 131 136 talk Numeric 7 138 144 pco2 Numeric 7 146 152 pco2tmp Numeric 7 154 160 cfc113 Numeric 8 163 170 ccl4 Numeric 8 173 180 cfc12 Numeric 8 183 190 cfc11 Numeric 8 193 200 qualt Character 16 203 218 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- where sta is the station number; cast is the cast number; samp is the sample number; bot* is the bottle number; pre is the CTD pressure (in dbar); ctdtmp is the CTD temperature (in deg C); ctdsal* is the CTD salinity [in Practical Salinity Scale (PSS)]; ctdoxy* is the CTD oxygen (in umol/kg); theta is the potential temperature (in deg C); sal* is the bottle salinity (in PSS); oxy* is the oxygen concentration (in umol/kg); silca* is the silicate concentration (in umol/kg); nitrat* is the nitrate concentration (in umol/kg); nitrit* is the nitrite concentration (in umol/kg); phspht* is the phosphate concentration (in umol/kg); tcarb* is the total carbon dioxide concentration (in umol/kg); talk* is the total alkalinity (in umol/kg); pco2* is the partial pressure of CO2 (in atm and measured at 20 C; water-saturated air); pco2tmp is the temperature of equilibration of the pCO2 samples in equilibrator (in deg C); cfc113* is the trichlorotrifluoroethane concentration (CCl2FCClF2) (in pmol/kg); ccl4* is the carbon tetrachloride concentration (in pmol/kg); cfc12* is the dichlorodifluoromethane-12 concentration (CCl2F2) (in pmol/kg); cfc11* is the trichlorofluoromethane-11 concentration (CCl3F) (in pmol/kg); qualt is a 16-digit character variable that contains data quality flag codes for parameters flagged by an asterisk (*) in the output file. Quality flags definitions: 1 = Sample for this measurement was drawn from water bottle but analysis was not received; 2 = Acceptable measurement; 3 = Questionable measurement; 4 = Bad measurement; 5 = Not reported; 6 = Mean of replicate measurements; 7 = Manual chromatographic peak measurement; 8 = Irregular digital chromatographic peak integration; 9 = Sample not drawn for this measurement from this bottle. 8. VERIFICATION OF DATA TRANSPORT The data files contained in this numeric data package can be read by using the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval programs provided. Users should visually examine each data file to verify that the data were correctly transported to their systems. To facilitate the visual inspection process, partial listings of each data file are provided in Tables 4 and 5. Each of these tables contains the first and last five lines of a data file. Table 4. Partial listing of m153sta.inv (File 4) First five lines of the file: 06MT15/3 A9 122 1 2/11/91 1021 -19.000 -37.423 3514 06MT15/3 A9 122 2 2/11/91 1339 -19.005 -37.430 3510 06MT15/3 A9 123 1 2/11/91 1813 -19.005 -37.590 3370 06MT15/3 A9 124 1 2/11/91 2158 -19.000 -37.672 3376 06MT15/3 A9 125 1 2/12/91 0217 -19.002 -37.750 2354 Last five lines of the file: 06MT15/3 A9 230 2 3/18/91 0532 -18.072 10.007 4124 06MT15/3 A9 231 1 3/18/91 1056 -17.018 10.483 3590 06MT15/3 A9 231 2 3/18/91 1218 -17.018 10.483 3598 06MT15/3 A9 232 1 3/18/91 1931 -17.025 10.807 3047 06MT15/3 A9 232 2 3/18/91 2051 -17.025 10.805 3045 Table 5. Partial listing of met153.dat (File 5) First five lines of the file: 122 1 1 324 2998.0 2.6299 34.9159 254.2 2.3874 34.9150 253.5 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.000 0.088 2222299999999923 122 1 2 323 2998.0 2.6299 34.9159 -999.9 2.3874 34.9140 254.5 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.001 0.017 2292299999999923 122 1 3 322 2998.0 2.6299 34.9159 254.2 2.3874 34.9150 253.0 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 -0.004 0.112 2222299999999923 122 1 4 321 2998.0 2.6299 34.9159 -999.9 2.3874 34.9150 254.0 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 -0.004 0.008 2292299999999922 122 1 5 320 2998.0 2.6299 34.9159 254.2 2.3874 34.9160 254.3 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.90 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 -0.001 0.007 2222299999999922 Last five lines of the file: 232 2 20 305 2743.0 2.7420 34.9073 226.2 2.5231 34.9060 226.4 43.31 22.98 0.00 1.53 2203.1 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.001 0.007 2222222222999922 232 2 21 304 2943.0 2.6531 34.9052 -999.9 2.4158 -999.9000 224.8 46.05 23.17 0.00 1.56 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.002 0.014 2299222229999923 232 2 22 303 2943.0 2.6531 34.9052 224.3 2.4158 34.9040 224.6 46.54 23.27 0.00 1.53 2208.1 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.000 0.000 2222222222999922 232 2 23 302 3023.0 2.5782 34.9023 -999.9 2.3344 34.9010 223.2 49.08 23.37 0.00 1.56 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 -0.001 0.005 2292222229999922 232 2 24 301 3023.0 2.5782 34.9023 217.6 2.3344 -999.9000 223.0 48.98 23.37 0.00 1.61 2210.8 -999.9 -999.9 -999.90 -999.900 -999.900 0.002 0.000 2229222222999922 APPENDIX A STATION INVENTORY This appendix lists station inventory information for the 111 sites occupied during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 in the South Atlantic Ocean . The meanings of the column headings in Table A-1 are as follows. EXPOCODE is the expocode of the cruise; STNNBR is the station number; SECT is the WOCE section number; CASTNO is the cast number; DATE is the sampling date (month/day/year); TIME is the sampling time (GMT); LATDCM is the latitude of the station (in decimal degrees). Stations in the Southern Hemisphere have negative latitudes; LONDCM is the longitude of the station (in decimal degrees). Stations in the Western Hemisphere have negative longitudes; DEPTH is the sounding bottom depth of each station (in meters). Table A.1 Station inventory information for the 111 sites occupied during R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3. EXPOCODE SECT STNNBR CASTNO DATE TIME LATDCM LONDCM DEPTH 06MT15/3 A9 122 1 2/11/91 1021 -19.000 -37.423 3514 06MT15/3 A9 122 2 2/11/91 1339 -19.005 -37.430 3510 06MT15/3 A9 123 1 2/11/91 1813 -19.005 -37.590 3370 06MT15/3 A9 124 1 2/11/91 2158 -19.000 -37.672 3376 06MT15/3 A9 125 1 2/12/91 0217 -19.002 -37.750 2354 06MT15/3 A9 126 1 2/12/91 0616 -19.002 -37.818 349 06MT15/3 A9 127 1 2/12/91 1008 -18.160 -37.440 3477 06MT15/3 A9 127 2 2/12/91 1305 -19.000 -37.452 3522 06MT15/3 A9 128 1 2/12/91 1636 -19.002 -37.260 3522 06MT15/3 A9 129 1 2/12/91 2132 -18.157 -37.088 3627 06MT15/3 A9 130 1 2/13/91 0233 -19.003 -36.905 3707 06MT15/3 A9 131 1 2/13/91 0847 -18.162 -36.385 3872 06MT15/3 A9 132 1 2/13/91 1425 -19.000 -35.843 4002 06MT15/3 A9 132 2 2/13/91 1622 -19.000 -35.842 4000 06MT15/3 A9 133 1 2/13/91 2148 -19.000 -35.312 4115 06MT15/3 A9 133 2 2/13/91 2327 -19.000 -35.313 4111 06MT15/3 A9 134 1 2/14/91 0440 -19.000 -34.782 4420 06MT15/3 A9 134 2 2/14/91 0621 -19.000 -34.785 4221 06MT15/3 A9 135 1 2/14/91 1126 -19.002 -34.255 4257 06MT15/3 A9 135 2 2/14/91 1312 -18.165 -34.255 4274 06MT15/3 A9 136 1 2/14/91 1816 -18.165 -33.718 4307 06MT15/3 A9 136 2 2/14/91 1951 -18.162 -33.723 4304 06MT15/3 A9 137 1 2/15/91 0106 -19.000 -33.193 4292 06MT15/3 A9 137 2 2/15/91 0245 -18.165 -33.192 4288 06MT15/3 A9 138 1 2/15/91 0808 -18.165 -32.668 4190 06MT15/3 A9 138 2 2/15/91 0935 -18.165 -32.665 4190 06MT15/3 A9 139 1 2/15/91 1440 -19.000 -32.140 4272 06MT15/3 A9 139 2 2/15/91 1622 -19.002 -32.140 4365 06MT15/3 A9 140 1 2/15/91 2152 -18.162 -31.605 4337 06MT15/3 A9 140 2 2/15/91 2333 -18.158 -31.605 4352 06MT15/3 A9 141 1 2/16/91 0445 -19.000 -31.080 4457 06MT15/3 A9 141 2 2/16/91 0643 -18.163 -31.080 4454 06MT15/3 A9 142 1 2/16/91 1201 -18.165 -30.552 4648 06MT15/3 A9 142 2 2/16/91 1352 -19.002 -30.553 4645 06MT15/3 A9 143 1 2/16/91 1916 -19.000 -30.023 4796 06MT15/3 A9 143 2 2/16/91 2100 -18.160 -30.020 4793 06MT15/3 A9 144 1 2/17/91 0221 -19.002 -29.495 4868 06MT15/3 A9 144 2 2/17/91 0433 -19.000 -29.495 4869 06MT15/3 A9 145 1 2/17/91 1004 -18.163 -28.965 5029 06MT15/3 A9 145 2 2/17/91 1154 -18.160 -28.967 5013 06MT15/3 A9 146 1 2/17/91 1716 -19.002 -28.437 5079 06MT15/3 A9 146 2 2/17/91 1918 -18.165 -28.438 5084 06MT15/3 A9 147 1 2/18/91 0238 -19.000 -27.562 5343 06MT15/3 A9 147 2 2/18/91 0451 -19.000 -27.558 5345 06MT15/3 A9 148 1 2/18/91 1232 -18.165 -26.688 5568 06MT15/3 A9 148 2 2/18/91 1432 -18.165 -26.685 5562 06MT15/3 A9 149 1 2/19/91 0011 -18.165 -25.812 5774 06MT15/3 A9 149 2 2/19/91 0220 -19.003 -25.807 5771 06MT15/3 A9 150 1 2/19/91 1239 -19.085 -24.998 5548 06MT15/3 A9 150 2 2/19/91 1435 -19.085 -24.998 5516 06MT15/3 A9 151 1 2/19/91 2153 -18.165 -24.998 5861 06MT15/3 A9 151 2 2/19/91 2358 -18.162 -24.995 5874 06MT15/3 A9 152 1 2/20/91 0520 -18.032 -25.002 5462 06MT15/3 A9 152 2 2/20/91 0733 -18.032 -25.002 5488 06MT15/3 A9 153 1 2/20/91 1623 -19.017 -24.120 5687 06MT15/3 A9 153 2 2/20/91 1820 -19.015 -24.123 5692 06MT15/3 A9 154 1 2/21/91 0129 -19.002 -23.248 5724 06MT15/3 A9 154 2 2/21/91 0327 -19.002 -23.248 5728 06MT15/3 A9 155 1 2/21/91 1120 -18.165 -22.375 5318 06MT15/3 A9 155 2 2/21/91 1310 -18.165 -22.375 5301 06MT15/3 A9 156 1 2/21/91 2018 -18.165 -21.497 5356 06MT15/3 A9 156 2 2/21/91 2212 -18.163 -21.500 5281 06MT15/3 A9 157 1 2/22/91 0527 -19.000 -20.625 4916 06MT15/3 A9 157 2 2/22/91 0720 -19.002 -20.625 4910 06MT15/3 A9 158 1 2/22/91 1432 -19.002 -19.750 4718 06MT15/3 A9 158 2 2/22/91 1612 -19.000 -19.750 4724 06MT15/3 A9 159 1 2/22/91 2145 -18.165 -19.223 5015 06MT15/3 A9 159 2 2/22/91 2327 -18.165 -19.223 5016 06MT15/3 A9 160 1 2/23/91 0436 -19.000 -18.698 4457 06MT15/3 A9 160 2 2/23/91 0622 -19.000 -18.700 4444 06MT15/3 A9 161 1 2/23/91 1230 -19.002 -18.178 3987 06MT15/3 A9 161 2 2/23/91 1408 -19.002 -18.182 3938 06MT15/3 A9 162 1 2/23/91 1755 -19.000 -17.650 4164 06MT15/3 A9 162 2 2/23/91 1929 -19.000 -17.650 4164 06MT15/3 A9 163 1 2/24/91 0052 -19.000 -17.127 3663 06MT15/3 A9 163 2 2/24/91 0223 -19.000 -17.127 3672 06MT15/3 A9 164 1 2/24/91 0720 -19.000 -16.600 3514 06MT15/3 A9 164 2 2/24/91 0843 -19.000 -16.600 3516 06MT15/3 A9 165 1 2/24/91 1339 -19.002 -16.078 3701 06MT15/3 A9 165 2 2/24/91 1454 -19.000 -16.080 3706 06MT15/3 A9 166 1 2/24/91 1932 -19.000 -15.548 3678 06MT15/3 A9 166 2 2/24/91 2047 -18.165 -15.548 3672 06MT15/3 A9 167 1 2/25/91 0155 -19.000 -15.027 3715 06MT15/3 A9 167 2 2/25/91 0315 -18.162 -15.025 3676 06MT15/3 A9 168 1 2/25/91 1014 -19.000 -14.998 3723 06MT15/3 A9 169 1 2/25/91 1645 -20.000 -14.997 3656 06MT15/3 A9 170 1 2/25/91 2337 -21.002 -15.008 3892 06MT15/3 A9 171 1 2/26/91 0617 -21.000 -15.000 4277 06MT15/3 A9 172 1 2/26/91 1311 -22.000 -15.002 4113 06MT15/3 A9 173 1 2/26/91 1950 -23.002 -15.000 4738 06MT15/3 A9 174 1 2/27/91 0208 -23.000 -15.000 3875 06MT15/3 A9 174 2 2/27/91 0329 -23.163 -14.995 3876 06MT15/3 A9 175 1 2/28/91 1029 -18.165 -14.498 3581 06MT15/3 A9 175 2 2/28/91 1140 -18.165 -14.502 3575 06MT15/3 A9 176 1 2/28/91 1637 -18.165 -13.977 3271 06MT15/3 A9 176 2 2/28/91 1755 -19.000 -13.983 3231 06MT15/3 A9 177 1 2/28/91 2303 -19.000 -13.450 3981 06MT15/3 A9 177 2 3/01/91 0027 -18.163 -13.447 3863 06MT15/3 A9 178 1 3/01/91 0922 -18.162 -12.915 3197 06MT15/3 A9 179 1 3/01/91 1452 -19.000 -12.403 2329 06MT15/3 A9 180 1 3/01/91 2005 -19.000 -11.875 2879 06MT15/3 A9 181 1 3/02/91 0144 -19.000 -11.348 3122 06MT15/3 A9 182 1 3/02/91 0730 -18.165 -10.825 3499 06MT15/3 A9 183 1 3/02/91 1349 -18.163 -10.300 3644 06MT15/3 A9 184 1 3/02/91 1856 -19.000 -9.775 3829 06MT15/3 A9 184 2 3/02/91 2023 -18.165 -9.775 3836 06MT15/3 A9 185 1 3/03/91 0142 -18.155 -9.240 4055 06MT15/3 A9 185 2 3/03/91 0311 -18.160 -9.227 4082 06MT15/3 A9 186 1 3/03/91 0840 -18.165 -8.723 3997 06MT15/3 A9 186 2 3/03/91 1009 -18.158 -8.722 4093 06MT15/3 A9 187 1 3/03/91 1542 -19.033 -8.198 4166 06MT15/3 A9 187 2 3/03/91 1718 -19.027 -8.197 4181 06MT15/3 A9 188 1 3/03/91 2254 -19.068 -7.675 4622 06MT15/3 A9 188 2 3/04/91 0036 -19.063 -7.670 4619 06MT15/3 A9 189 1 3/04/91 0626 -19.100 -7.152 4540 06MT15/3 A9 189 2 3/04/91 0814 -19.098 -7.152 4542 06MT15/3 A9 190 1 3/04/91 1341 -19.098 -6.627 4323 06MT15/3 A9 190 2 3/04/91 1513 -19.103 -6.622 4327 06MT15/3 A9 191 1 3/04/91 2008 -19.102 -6.097 4676 06MT15/3 A9 191 2 3/04/91 2151 -19.093 -6.103 4656 06MT15/3 A9 192 1 3/05/91 0330 -19.090 -5.580 4792 06MT15/3 A9 192 2 3/05/91 0530 -19.092 -5.582 4795 06MT15/3 A9 193 1 3/05/91 1125 -19.098 -5.050 4791 06MT15/3 A9 193 2 3/05/91 1314 -19.092 -5.050 4891 06MT15/3 A9 194 1 3/05/91 1858 -19.098 -4.522 5079 06MT15/3 A9 194 2 3/05/91 2050 -19.097 -4.525 5077 06MT15/3 A9 195 1 3/06/91 0256 -19.097 -4.002 4854 06MT15/3 A9 195 2 3/06/91 0500 -19.093 -4.008 4957 06MT15/3 A9 196 1 3/06/91 1107 -19.067 -3.477 5306 06MT15/3 A9 196 2 3/06/91 1257 -19.065 -3.477 5308 06MT15/3 A9 197 1 3/06/91 1829 -19.030 -2.948 4802 06MT15/3 A9 197 2 3/06/91 2026 -19.032 -2.947 4678 06MT15/3 A9 198 1 3/07/91 0209 -19.000 -2.423 4961 06MT15/3 A9 198 2 3/07/91 0352 -18.165 -2.410 5029 06MT15/3 A9 199 1 3/07/91 0916 -19.000 -1.902 5126 06MT15/3 A9 199 2 3/07/91 1259 -18.165 -1.898 5128 06MT15/3 A9 200 1 3/07/91 1811 -19.000 -1.375 4795 06MT15/3 A9 200 2 3/07/91 2003 -19.000 -1.375 4778 06MT15/3 A9 201 1 3/08/91 0131 -19.000 -0.850 5142 06MT15/3 A9 201 2 3/08/91 0314 -18.165 -0.853 5119 06MT15/3 A9 202 1 3/08/91 0901 -18.165 -0.327 4523 06MT15/3 A9 202 2 3/08/91 1043 -18.163 -0.333 4565 06MT15/3 A9 203 1 3/08/91 1610 -19.000 0.197 5530 06MT15/3 A9 203 2 3/08/91 1815 -18.165 0.200 5530 06MT15/3 A9 204 1 3/09/91 0002 -18.165 0.725 5537 06MT15/3 A9 204 2 3/09/91 0155 -18.162 0.728 5539 06MT15/3 A9 205 1 3/09/91 0744 -18.165 1.250 5500 06MT15/3 A9 205 2 3/09/91 0946 -19.000 1.250 5497 06MT15/3 A9 206 1 3/09/91 1525 -19.000 1.775 5497 06MT15/3 A9 206 2 3/09/91 1732 -19.000 1.770 5490 06MT15/3 A9 207 1 3/09/91 2310 -19.000 2.300 5516 06MT15/3 A9 207 2 3/10/91 0117 -19.000 2.300 5514 06MT15/3 A9 208 1 3/10/91 0716 -19.000 2.827 5504 06MT15/3 A9 208 2 3/10/91 0916 -19.000 2.827 5507 06MT15/3 A9 209 1 3/10/91 1503 -19.000 3.350 5491 06MT15/3 A9 209 2 3/10/91 1651 -19.003 3.347 5492 06MT15/3 A9 210 1 3/10/91 2225 -18.165 3.877 5474 06MT15/3 A9 210 2 3/11/91 0025 -18.162 3.877 5471 06MT15/3 A9 211 1 3/11/91 0630 -18.163 4.398 5462 06MT15/3 A9 211 2 3/11/91 0838 -18.162 4.400 5461 06MT15/3 A9 212 1 3/11/91 1405 -19.002 4.925 5249 06MT15/3 A9 212 2 3/11/91 1555 -18.163 4.918 5248 06MT15/3 A9 213 1 3/11/91 2145 -18.165 5.453 5161 06MT15/3 A9 213 2 3/11/91 2333 -19.000 5.450 5159 06MT15/3 A9 214 1 3/12/91 0544 -18.165 5.975 5362 06MT15/3 A9 214 2 3/12/91 0747 -19.000 5.973 5364 06MT15/3 A9 215 1 3/12/91 1357 -18.158 6.505 5317 06MT15/3 A9 215 2 3/12/91 1544 -18.158 6.505 5314 06MT15/3 A9 216 1 3/14/91 0500 -23.063 6.008 5284 06MT15/3 A9 217 1 3/14/91 1110 -22.115 6.517 5395 06MT15/3 A9 218 1 3/14/91 1724 -22.002 7.028 2054 06MT15/3 A9 219 1 3/14/91 2353 -22.050 7.550 3047 06MT15/3 A9 220 1 3/15/91 0452 -21.143 7.548 3164 06MT15/3 A9 221 1 3/15/91 0903 -21.067 7.552 3156 06MT15/3 A9 222 1 3/15/91 1305 -21.152 7.552 2903 06MT15/3 A9 223 1 3/15/91 1744 -20.122 7.552 3028 06MT15/3 A9 224 1 3/16/91 0537 -18.160 7.022 5306 06MT15/3 A9 224 2 3/16/91 0737 -18.162 7.023 5308 06MT15/3 A9 225 1 3/16/91 1331 -19.002 7.550 5223 06MT15/3 A9 225 2 3/16/91 1451 -19.002 7.550 5224 06MT15/3 A9 225 3 3/16/91 1646 -18.162 7.552 5225 06MT15/3 A9 226 1 3/16/91 2210 -19.002 8.075 5132 06MT15/3 A9 226 2 3/17/91 0009 -19.008 8.082 5131 06MT15/3 A9 227 1 3/17/91 0608 -18.113 8.548 4928 06MT15/3 A9 227 2 3/17/91 0803 -18.113 8.555 4958 06MT15/3 A9 228 1 3/17/91 1335 -18.037 9.037 4770 06MT15/3 A9 228 2 3/17/91 1519 -18.037 9.032 4772 06MT15/3 A9 229 1 3/17/91 2058 -18.140 9.525 4424 06MT15/3 A9 229 2 3/17/91 2240 -18.142 9.528 4417 06MT15/3 A9 230 1 3/18/91 0357 -18.078 10.005 4128 06MT15/3 A9 230 2 3/18/91 0532 -18.072 10.007 4124 06MT15/3 A9 231 1 3/18/91 1056 -17.018 10.483 3590 06MT15/3 A9 231 2 3/18/91 1218 -17.018 10.483 3598 06MT15/3 A9 232 1 3/18/91 1931 -17.025 10.807 3047 06MT15/3 A9 232 2 3/18/91 2051 -17.025 10.805 3045