Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 Abortion D incompatibility/isoimmunization, Ch 38 induced. See Induced abortion ABR (auditory brainstem response) test, Ch 35 Absorptiometry, osteoporosis screening, Ch 46 Abstinence, sexual, Ch 62 genital herpes simplex and, Ch 30 Accidents. See Injuries Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). See Human immunodeficiency virus Acyclovir, Ch 30 Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 Adolescents and young adults alcohol use, Ch 52 asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 blood pressure screening, Ch 3 cervical cancer, Ch 9 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 cholesterol levels, Ch 2 contraception, Ch 63 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 depression, Ch 49 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 gonorrhea, Ch 27 hearing impairment, Ch 35 hemoglobinopathy screening, Ch 43 HIV infection, Ch 28, Ch 62 idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 illicit drug use, Ch 53 immunization recommendations, Ch 65, Ch 66 injury risk family violence, Ch 51 household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 youth violence, Ch 59 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 nutritional needs, Ch 56 obesity, Ch 21 rubella, Ch 32 sexually transmitted diseases, Ch 62 skin cancer, Ch 12 smoking prevention, Ch 54 suicide, Ch 49, Ch 50 syphilis, Ch 26 testicular cancer, Ch 13 thyroid disease, Ch 20 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 unintended pregnancy, Ch 63 violence prevention counseling, Ch 59 visual impairment, Ch 33 Affective disorder. See Depression AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), Ch 28. See also Human immunodeficiency virus Air bags, Ch 57 Alcohol consumption, Ch 52 blood cholesterol, Ch 2 dental and periodontal disease, Ch 61 hypertension, Ch 3 injury risk household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 youth violence, Ch 59 oral cancer, Ch 16 during pregnancy, Ch 52 suicide risk, Ch 50 tuberculous infection and, Ch 25 violence associated with, Ch 59 Alcoholism, Ch 52 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Ch 52 Allen picture cards visual acuity test, Ch 33 a-fetoprotein. See Maternal serum a-fetoprotein; Testicular cancer Alzheimer's disease, Ch 48 Amantadine, for influenza A prophylaxis, Ch 66 Amblyopia, Ch 33 Amniocentesis D incompatibility and, Ch 38 Down syndrome screening, Ch 41 hemoglobinopathy screening, Ch 43 neonatal complications, Ch 41, Ch 42 neural tube defects, Ch 42 phenylketonuria diagnosis, Ch 44 sickle sell disease, Ch 43 thalassemia screening, Ch 43 Amsler grid, retinal detachment detection, Ch 33 Anabolic steroid use, Ch 53 Anemia D incompatibility and, Ch 38 iron deficiency. See Iron deficiency anemia sickle cell, Ch 43 thalassemia and, Ch 43 Anencephaly, Ch 42 Aneuploidy, Ch 41 Aneurysm, abdominal aortic. See Abdominal aortic aneurysm Angiotensin II infusion test, preeclampsia and, Ch 37 Anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen antibody), Ch 24 Antiplatelet drug therapy for carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 for peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Anti-tobacco messages, Ch 54 Aortic aneurysm, abdominal. See Abdominal aortic aneurysm Apolipoproteins, familial hypercholesterolemia and, Ch 2 Asphyxia, perinatal. See Perinatal morbidity/mortality Asphyxiation, prevention counseling for elderly persons, Ch 58 Aspiration of food, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Aspirin prophylaxis cerebrovascular disease, Ch 4 colorectal cancer prevention, Ch 8 myocardial infarction prevention, Ch 69 in pregnancy, Ch 70 vascular dementia, Ch 48 Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. See Carotid artery stenosis Asymptomatic person, defined, Ch ii Atherosclerosis. See also Cardiovascular diseases carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 cholesterol screening, Ch 2 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Atrial fibrillation cerebrovascular disease, Ch 4 hyperthyroidism, Ch 20 ATV injuries, Ch 58 Audiometry, Ch 35 AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), Ch 52 Auditory brainstem response testing, Ch 35 Auditory response cradle, Ch 35 Axial rotation deviations, Ch 47 AZT (zidovudine), Ch 28 Bacille Calmette-GuÇrin vaccine, Ch 25 Back belts, low back pain prevention, Ch 60 Back pain adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 low, prevention counseling, Ch 60 Bacteriuria, asymptomatic, Ch 31 Barium enema, colorectal cancer screening, Ch 8 Barrier contraception, Ch 63 chlamydial infection and, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex and, Ch 30 sexually transmitted disease and, Ch 62 Basal cell carcinoma, Ch 12 BCG (Bacille Calmette-GuÇrin) vaccine, Ch 25 Beck Depression Inventory, Ch 49 Behavioral testing, for infant hearing impairment, Ch 35 b-carotene, oral cancer and, Ch 16 Bicycling injuries, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Binge drinking, Ch 52 Biochemical markers, bone turnover, Ch 46 Bioelectrical impedance, obesity screening, Ch 21 Birth, premature. See Premature birth Birth control. See Contraceptive methods Bladder cancer, Ch 17 Blindness. See also Visual impairment; Glaucoma diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, Ch 27 Blood pressure, elevated. See Hypertension Blood typing, for D incompatibility, Ch 38 Body mass index, Ch 21 Body weight/height tables, obesity screening, Ch 21 Bone mineral density osteoporosis screening, Ch 46 thyroid replacement therapy and, Ch 20 Brainstem response testing, auditory, Ch 35 Breast cancer, Ch 7 colorectal cancer and, Ch 8 hormone therapy and, Ch 68 obesity and, Ch 21 ovarian cancer and, Ch 14 Breast examination, Ch 7 Breastfeeding, Ch 56 HIV infection risk, Ch 28 infant dental disease, Ch 61 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 ovarian cancer risk reduction, Ch 64 postpartum rubella vaccination, Ch 32 BSE (breast self-examination), Ch 7 Burden of suffering, Ch ii Burns, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Caesarean delivery. See Cesarean delivery CAGE screening instrument, Ch 52 Calcium in healthy diet, Ch 56 osteoporosis prophylaxis, Ch 46 preeclampsia prophylaxis, Ch 37 Cancer. See also specific sites nutritional factors, Ch 56 Car seats, Ch 57 Carbohydrates, in healthy diet, Ch 56 Carcinoembryonic antigen. See Serum tumor markers Cardiac disorders. See Cardiovascular diseases Cardiotocography, Ch 39 Cardiovascular diseases. See also Coronary heart disease; Cholesterol, blood; Hypertension abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 cartoid artery stenosis, Ch 4 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 elevated lead levels, Ch 23 exercise-induced, Ch 55 hypertension, Ch 3 obesity, Ch 21 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 syphilis, Ch 26 thyroid disease, Ch 20 Carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4. See also Cardiovascular diseases; Cerebrovascular disease Carotid bruit auscultation, Ch 4 Carotid duplex sonography, Ch 4 Case-control study, Ch ii Cataracts, Ch 33 CBE (clinical breast examination), Ch 7 Ceftriaxone prophylaxis, Ch 67 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Ch 49 Cerebrovascular disease aspirin prophylaxis, Ch 69 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 dementia, Ch 48 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 hypertension, Ch 3 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 tobacco use, Ch 54 Cervical bruit. See Carotid bruit auscultation Cervical cancer, Ch 9 human immunodeficiency virus, Ch 28 obesity, Ch 21 risk reduction, Ch 64 Cervical cap, Ch 63 sexually transmitted disease risk reduction, Ch 62 Cervicography, Ch 9 Cesarean delivery fetal a-thalassemia, Ch 43 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 HIV infection, Ch 28 intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring, Ch 39 malpresentations, Ch 36 maternal morbidity/mortality, Ch 30 multiple gestation, Ch 36 neural tube defects, Ch 42 neonatal complications, Ch 30, Ch 39 scalp blood sampling, Ch 39 CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), Ch 49 Chest x-ray lung cancer, Ch 11 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Chickenpox. See Varicella entries Child abuse, Ch 51 Childbirth, fetal monitoring during, Ch 39 Children. See also Adolescents; Infants asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 BCG vaccine, Ch 25 child abuse, Ch 51 cholesterol levels, Ch 2 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 dental disease, Ch 61 depression, Ch 49 development. See Growth and developmental patterns, in children Down syndrome. See Down syndrome growth. See Growth and developmental patterns, in children hearing impairment, Ch 35 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 hepatitis B, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 hypertension, Ch 3 hypothyroidism, congenital, Ch 45 illicit drug use, Ch 53 immunization recommendations, Ch 65 injury risk household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 lead levels, Ch 23 low birth weight. See Low birth weight neural tube defects, Ch 42 nutritional needs, Ch 56 obesity, Ch 21 Children_continued ophthalmia neonatorum. See Ophthalmia neonatorum phenylketonuria, Ch 44 perinatal mortality. See Perinatal morbidity/mortality prematurity. See Premature birth scoliosis, Ch 47 sickle cell disease, Ch 43 skin cancer prevention, Ch 12 smoking prevention, Ch 54 testicular cancer, Ch 13 thyroid dysfunction, Ch 20 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 urinary tract abnormalities, Ch 31 visual impairment, Ch 33 violence. See Child abuse Child safety seats and restraints, Ch 57 Chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea and, Ch 27 prevention counseling, Ch 62 Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. See under Ophthalmia neonatorum Chlamydia trachomatis infection. See Chlamydial infection Cholesterol, blood, Ch 2 carotid atherosclerosis, Ch 4 coronary heart disease and, Ch 1 obesity, Ch 21 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 thyroxine treatment, Ch 20 Chorionic villus sampling D incompatibility, Ch 38 Down syndrome, Ch 41 versus amniocentesis, Ch 41 fetal morbidity/mortality, Ch 41 hemoglobinopathy screening, Ch 43 phenylketonuria diagnosis, Ch 44 sickle cell disease diagnosis, Ch 43 Chromosome anomalies. See Down syndrome Cigarette smoking, Ch 54. See also Tobacco use Clinical breast examination, Ch 7 Clinician, defined, Ch ii Clock Drawing Test, Ch 48 Clonidine, smoking cessation aid, Ch 54 Cobb angle, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and, Ch 47 Cocaine use, Ch 53. See also Drug abuse Cognitive function, dementia and, Ch 48 Cohort study, Ch ii Coitus interruptus, Ch 63 Colonoscopy, Ch 8 Colorectal cancer, Ch 8 diet and, Ch 56 obesity and, Ch 21 Color vision assessment, Ch 33 Colposcopy, Ch 9 Compliance, Ch iv Computed tomography abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 osteoporosis, Ch 46 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 Condom use contraceptive method, Ch 63. See also Barrier contraception sexually transmitted disease prevention, Ch 62 Conductive hearing loss, Ch 35 Confidentiality HIV infection testing, Ch 28 illicit drug use testing, Ch 53 Conflict resolution, Ch 59 Congenital anomalies congenital hearing loss and, Ch 35 diabetes mellitus and, Ch 19 heart defects, Ch 1, Ch 41, Ch 44 hearing loss, Ch 35 folic acid/folate prophylaxis, Ch 42 maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 neural tube defects, Ch 42 transverse limb reduction, chorionic villus sampling and, Ch 41 ultrasonographic detection, Ch 36 Congenital hypothyroidism, Ch 45 Congenital malformation. See Congenital anomalies Congenital rubella syndrome, Ch 32 Congenital syphilis, Ch 26 Conjunctivitis, neonatal. See Ophthalmia neonatorum Contact tracing chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea, Ch 27 hepatitis B, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 syphilis, Ch 26 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Contraceptive methods, Ch 63. See individual methods barrier. See Barrier contraception hormone preparations. See Oral contraceptives Contraceptive sponge, Ch 62, Ch 63 Controlled trial, Ch ii Coombs test, Ch 38 Coronary artery disease. See Coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease, Ch 1 alcohol and risk of, Ch 52 cerebrovascular disease, Ch 4 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 exercise benefits, Ch 55 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 hypertension, Ch 3 nutritional factors, Ch 56 obesity, Ch 21 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 thyroxine replacement therapy, Ch 20 tobacco use, Ch 54 Correctional institutions chlamydial infection in, Ch 29 HIV infection in, Ch 28 rubella outbreaks in, Ch 32 Corsets, low back pain prevention, Ch 60 Cost/cost-effectiveness, of preventive services, Ch v abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 blood cholesterol, Ch 2 breast cancer, Ch 7 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 cervical cancer, Ch 9 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 colorectal cancer, Ch 8 congenital hypothyroidism, Ch 45 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 D immunoglobulin prophylaxis, Ch 38 gestational diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 hepatitis B, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 home uterine activity monitoring, Ch 40 immunization adult, Ch 66 childhood, Ch 65 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 lead levels, Ch 23 lung cancer, Ch 11 obesity, Ch 21 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 prenatal phenylketonuria screening, Ch 44 prostate cancer, Ch 10 rubella, Ch 32 skin cancer, Ch 12 syphilis, Ch 26 testicular cancer, Ch 13 thyroid disease, Ch 20 Counseling interventions, Ch iv aspirin prophylaxis myocardial infarction, Ch 69 in pregnancy, Ch 70 dementia, Ch 48 dental and periodontal disease, Ch 61 Down syndrome, Ch 41 exercise promotion, Ch 55 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 gynecologic cancer, Ch 64 hearing aid devices, Ch 35 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 hepatitis B, Ch 24 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 HIV infection, Ch 28, Ch 62 household injury, Ch 58 hypertension, Ch 3 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 lead levels, Ch 23 low back pain, Ch 60 motor vehicle injury, Ch 57 neural tube defects, Ch 42 obesity, Ch 21 oral cancer, Ch 16 osteoporosis, Ch 46 ovarian cancer, Ch 64 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 46, Ch 68 recreational injury, Ch 58 sexually transmitted disease, Ch 62 skin cancer, Ch 12 suicide risk, Ch 50 testicular cancer, Ch 13 tobacco use, Ch 54 unintended pregnancy, Ch 63 youth violence, Ch 59 Cover test, Ch 33 "Crack" cocaine. See Drug abuse Cretinism, Ch 45 Crib-o-gram, Ch 35 CT. See Computed tomography Cystadenocarcinoma antigen. See Serum tumor markers Cystoscopy, bladder cancer and, Ch 17 Cytology. See also Papanicolaou test genital herpes simplex screening, Ch 30 sputum, lung cancer and, Ch 11 urine, bladder cancer and, Ch 17 D immunoglobulin prophylaxis, Ch 38 D incompatibility, Ch 38 Danazol, postcoital administration, Ch 63 Delivery, premature. See Premature birth Dementia, Ch 48 Dental disease nutritional factors, Ch 56 oral cancer screening, Ch 16 prevention, Ch 61 Depo-Provera, Ch 63 Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, Ch 63 Depression, Ch 49 dementia and, Ch 48 Depression_continued hearing impairment, Ch 35 low back pain risk, Ch 60 postpartum, thyroid dysfunction and, Ch 20 suicide risk, Ch 50 DFA. See Direct fluorescent antibody Diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 exercise benefits, Ch 55 glaucoma, Ch 34 neural tube defects, Ch 42 obesity, Ch 21 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), Ch 49 Diagnostic Interview Schedule, depression screening, Ch 49 Diaphragm barrier contraceptive method, Ch 63 sexually transmitted disease risk reduction, Ch 62 Dietary factors. See Diet therapy; Nutrition Diet therapy. See also Nutrition; Weight control cholesterol reduction, Ch 2 in diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 in hypertension, Ch 3 in obesity, Ch 21 in phenylketonuria, Ch 44 Digital rectal examination colorectal cancer, Ch 8 prostate cancer, Ch 10 Diphtheria adult immunization, Ch 66 childhood immunization, Ch 65 Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine with acellular pertussis component (DPaT vaccine), Ch 65 in childhood, Ch 65 postexposure tetanus prophylaxis, Ch 67 Diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, Ch 67 Dipstick urinalysis asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 bladder cancer, Ch 17 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 gonorrhea, Ch 27 preeclampsia, Ch 37 Dipyridamole/aspirin therapy, Ch 4 Direct fluorescent antibody chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex screening, Ch 30 Disc photography, glaucoma screening, Ch 34 Distraction testing, infant hearing impairment, Ch 35 DNA analysis fetal blood type, Ch 38 hemoglobinopathy screening, Ch 43 phenylketonuria prenatal diagnosis, Ch 44 DNA hybridization tests chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex screening, Ch 30 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 Domestic violence, Ch 51 Doppler ultrasound. See also Ultrasonography ankle-arm pressure ratios, Ch 5 intrapartum fetal monitoring, Ch 39 transvaginal color-flow, ovarian cancer and, Ch 14 Down syndrome, Ch 41 thyroid dysfunction and, Ch 20 DPaT vaccine. See Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine DPT vaccine. See Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine DRE. See Digital rectal examination Drowning, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Drug abuse, Ch 53. See also Injection drug users injury risk household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 sexually transmitted disease risk, Ch 62 suicide risk, Ch 50 violence associated with, Ch 59 Drug overdose. See also Drug abuse suicide, Ch 50 DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), Ch 49 DT vaccine, Ch 67 Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Ch 46 Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), Ch 46 ECG. See Electrocardiography Eclampsia. See preeclampsia/eclampsia EDTA lead mobilization test, Ch 23 Education. See Counseling interventions Effectiveness criteria, preventive services, Ch ii EIA. See Enzyme immunoassay Elder abuse, Ch 51 Elderly persons abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 abuse and neglect, Ch 51 antihypertensive therapy, Ch 3 asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 bladder cancer, Ch 17 breast cancer, Ch 7 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 cervical cancer, Ch 9 colorectal cancer, Ch 8 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 dementia, Ch 48 glaucoma, Ch 34 hearing impairment, Ch 35 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 immunizations influenza A, Ch 66 pneumococcal disease, Ch 66 injury prevention counseling, Ch 58 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 nutritional needs, Ch 56 oral cancer, Ch 16 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 prostate cancer, Ch 10 suicide, Ch 50 thyroid disease, Ch 20 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 urinary tract infections, Ch 31 visual impairment, Ch 33 Electrocardiography coronary artery disease, Ch 1 intrapartum fetal monitoring, Ch 39 Electronic monitoring, of fetal heart rate. See Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring Electrophysiologic testing, infant hearing impairment, Ch 35 Elevated lead levels, Ch 23 Encephalocele, Ch 42 Endocervical brush, Ch 9 Endometrial cancer colorectal cancer and, Ch 8 hormone therapy and, Ch 68 obesity, Ch 21 risk reduction, Ch 64 Endometritis. See Pelvic inflammatory disease Endoscopy colorectal cancer, Ch 8 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) chlamydial infection, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 gonorrhea, Ch 27 HIV infection, Ch 28 illicit drug use, Ch 53 rubella susceptibility, Ch 32 EOE (evoked otoacoustic emission) testing, Ch 35 Erythrocyte protoporphyrin test elevated lead levels, Ch 23 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 Erythrocyte rosette test, Ch 38 Erythroplakia, oral cancer and, Ch 16 Estriol, unconjugated, Ch 41 Estrogen. See also Estrogen replacement therapy coronary heart disease, Ch 2 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 oral contraception, Ch 63 postcoital administration, Ch 63 Estrogen replacement therapy, Ch 68 osteoporosis prophylaxis, Ch 46 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Ch 23 Evoked otoacoustic emission testing, Ch 35 Exercise, Ch 55 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 counseling to promote, Ch 55 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 falls prevention, Ch 58 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 hypertension, Ch 3 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 low back pain prevention, Ch 60 obesity, Ch 21 osteoporosis, Ch 46 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Falls, prevention, Ch 58 Familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome, Ch 12 Familial combined hyperlipidemia, Ch 2 Familial hypercholesterolemia, Ch 2 Familial polyposis, colorectal cancer and, Ch 8 Family planning clinics, Ch 63 Family violence, Ch 51 FAM-M syndrome, Ch 12 Fat, in healthy diet, Ch 56 FCH (familial combined hyperlipidemia), Ch 2 Fecal occult blood test, Ch 8 Ferritin, iron deficiency anemia screening and, Ch 22 Fetal alcohol syndrome, Ch 52 Fetal distress, Ch 39 Fetal heart rate, Ch 39 Fetal malformation. See Congenital anomalies Fetal monitoring, Ch 39 Fetal morbidity/mortality. See also Perinatal morbidity/mortality amniocentesis, Ch 41, Ch 42 chorionic villus sampling, Ch 41 chronic hypertension, Ch 37 congenital syphilis, Ch 26 D incompatibility, Ch 38 Fetal morbidity/mortality_continued hydrops preeclampsia/eclampsia, Ch 37 a-thalassemia, Ch 43 hypoxia, Ch 39 intrauterine growth retardation, Ch 36 maternal bacteriuria, Ch 31 maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 preeclampsia, Ch 37 Fetal scalp blood, intrapartum monitoring, Ch 39 FH (familial hypercholesterolemia), Ch 2 Fiber, in healthy diet, Ch 56 Finger rub tests, hearing impairment, Ch 35 Firearms unintentional injuries, Ch 58 suicide risk, Ch 50 violence and, Ch 59 Fires, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Flossing, dental, Ch 61 Fluorescence polarization immunoassay, Ch 53 Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS), Ch 26 Fluoridation, dental disease prevention, Ch 61 Folic acid/folate prophylaxis, Ch 42 Forward-bending test, Ch 47 Fractures dietary calcium and, Ch 56 falls prevention and, Ch 58 osteoporosis, Ch 46 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 Free-field voice test, hearing impairment, Ch 35 Free thyroxine index, Ch 20 FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption), Ch 26 FTI (free thyroxine index), Ch 20 Functional Activities Questionnaire, Ch 48 Functional assessment, dementia screening, Ch 48 Funduscopy macular degeneration, Ch 33 glaucoma, Ch 34 Gait disorders, falls risk, Ch 58 Genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 Genital lesions/ulcerations herpes simplex virus, Ch 30 primary syphilis, Ch 26 German measles. See Rubella Gestational age maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 ultrasonographic determination, Ch 36 Gestational diabetes, Ch 19 GGT (g-glutamyl transferase), alcoholism screening, Ch 52 Gingivitis, Ch 61 Glaucoma, Ch 34 Glucose challenge test, gestational diabetes, Ch 19 Glucose, plasma or blood, Ch 19 Glucose tolerance test, Ch 19 Glucosuria, Ch 19 Glycosylated protein assays, Ch 19 Gonorrhea, Ch 27. See also Ophthalmia neonatorum Grating visual acuity cards, Ch 33 Growth and developmental patterns, in children. See also Obesity iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 speech and language, Ch 35 Guaiac-impregnated cards, Ch 8 Gums, disease prevention, Ch 61 Gun possession. See Firearms Guthrie test, phenylalanine determination, Ch 44 Gynecologic cancers. See also specific cancers prevention counseling, Ch 64 Haemophilus influenzae type b disease postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 vaccine in childhood, Ch 65 Harmful drinking, Ch 52 HATTS (hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis), Ch 26 Hazardous drinking, Ch 52 HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 prenatal HBsAg testing and, Ch 24 HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen), Ch 24 HDCV (human diploid cell vaccine). See Rabies HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), Ch 2 Health care workers immunizations, Ch 66 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 tuberculous infection screening, Ch 25 Health examination, age-specific, Ch iii Hearing aids, Ch 35 Hearing impairment, Ch 35 Hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis, Ch 26 Hematocrit, Ch 22 Hematuria, bladder cancer and, Ch 17 Hemodialysis and hepatitis B, Ch 24 Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Ch 43 glycosylated, Ch 19 iron deficiency anemia and, Ch 22 Hemoglobin E trait, Ch 43 Hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 Hemoglobin S, Ch 43 Hemolytic disease, D incompatibility, Ch 38 Hepatitis A immunization against adult, Ch 66 childhood, Ch 65 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Hepatitis B, Ch 24 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 24, Ch 67 risks, Ch 24 sexual transmission, Ch 62 vaccine. See Hepatitis B vaccine Hepatitis B core antigen antibody (anti-HBc), Ch 24 Hepatitis B immune globulin, Ch 24, Ch 67 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Ch 24 Hepatitis B vaccine immunization adult, Ch 66 childhood, Ch 65 HIV infection and, Ch 28 in infancy, Ch 24 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 24, Ch 67 prevaccination screening, Ch 24 Hepatitis delta virus, Ch 66 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Ch 8 Hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome, Ch 14 Heroin, Ch 53. See also Drug abuse; Injection drug users Herpes simplex virus congenital hearing loss, Ch 35 genital, Ch 30, Ch 62 Hib vaccine, Ch 65 High blood cholesterol, Ch 2. See also Cholesterol; Lipid abnormalities High blood pressure. See Hypertension High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Ch 2 High performance liquid chromatography, Ch 43 High-risk register, Ch 35 HI (hemagglutination-inhibition) antibody, Ch 32 Hip fractures. See Fractures Hip protectors, Ch 58 HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus Holter monitoring, Ch 1 Homeless persons HIV infection, Ch 28 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Home uterine activity monitoring, Ch 40 Homicide, Ch 51, Ch 59 Hormonal therapy, postmenopausal, Ch 68. See also Estrogen Household injuries, prevention counseling, Ch 58. See also Injuries HPV (human papilloma virus), Ch 9, Ch 62, Ch 64 HRIG (human rabies immune globulin), Ch 67 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus HUAM (home uterine activity monitoring), Ch 40 Human chorionic gonadotropin Down syndrome, Ch 41 testicular cancer, Ch 13 Human diploid cell vaccine. See Rabies Human immunodeficiency virus, Ch 28 cervical cancer, Ch 9 dementia, Ch 48 D immunoglobulin, Ch 38 gonorrhea co-infection, Ch 27 illicit drug use. See Injection drug users oral cancer, Ch 16 prevention counseling, Ch 62 syphilis co-infection, Ch 26 tuberculous co-infection, Ch 25 Human papilloma virus, Ch 9, Ch 62, Ch 64 Human rabies immune globulin, Ch 67 Hydrops, fetal or neonatal D incompatibility, Ch 38 preeclampsia/eclampsia, Ch 37 Hypercholesterolemia. See Cholesterol Hyperglycemia. See Diabetes mellitus Hyperphenylalaninemia, maternal, Ch 44 Hypertension, Ch 3 abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 elevated lead levels, Ch 23 exercise benefits, Ch 55 gestational diabetes, Ch 19 glaucoma, Ch 34 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 obesity, Ch 21 ocular, Ch 34 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 pregnancy-associated aspirin prophylaxis trials, Ch 70 preeclampsia. See Preeclampsia/eclampsia urinary tract abnormalities in infants and children, Ch 31 vascular dementia, Ch 48 Hyperthyroidism, Ch 20 Hypertrophy, benign prostatic, Ch 10 Hypothyroidism, Ch 20 congenital, Ch 45 dementia and, Ch 48 Down syndrome and, Ch 20 Hypoxia, intrauterine, Ch 39 preeclampsia and, Ch 37 IDUs. See Injection drug users IFA (immunofluorescence assay), HIV infection screening, Ch 28 IgA. See Immunoglobulin A IGT (impaired glucose tolerance), Ch 19 Illicit drugs, Ch 53. See also Drug abuse Immigrants hepatitis B infection, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Immune globulin against hepatitis A, Ch 66, Ch 67 against hepatitis B, Ch 24, Ch 66, Ch 67 against rabies, Ch 67 against tetanus, Ch 67 Immunizations. See also Vaccines adult, Ch 66 childhood, Ch 65 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Immunoassay. See Enzyme immunoassay; Radioimmune assay Immunofluorescence assay, HIV infection screening, Ch 28 Immunoglobulin A, HIV infection screening in infants, Ch 28 Immunoglobulin D, Ch 38 Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), Ch 19 Inclinometer, adolescent idiopathic sco- liosis screening, Ch 47 Indirect antiglobulin test, Ch 38 Induced abortion chlamydial infection, Ch 29 complications, Ch 41, Ch 42 Down syndrome and, Ch 41 fetal hemoglobinopathy diagnosis, Ch 43 HIV screening, Ch 28 neural tube defects, Ch 42 sex aneuploidy, Ch 41 ultrasound examination and, Ch 36 Infants. See also Children; Newborns asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 BCG vaccine, Ch 25 breast feeding, Ch 56 chlamydial infection, Ch 29. See also Ophthalmia neonatorum congenital syphilis, Ch 26 feeding practices, dental caries and, Ch 61 hearing impairment, Ch 35 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 HIV infection, Ch 28 phenylketonuria, Ch 44 scoliosis, Ch 47 sickle cell disease, pneumococcal septicemia and, Ch 43 Infant safety seats, Ch 57 Infectious diseases. See also specific infections immunizations adult, Ch 66 childhood Ch 65 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 sexually transmitted diseases, Ch 62 Infertility chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea, Ch 27 Influenza A immunization against, Ch 66 postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 66 Influenza vaccine, Ch 66 for children and adolescents, Ch 65 HIV infection and, Ch 28 Informed consent, HIV infection screening, Ch 28 Inhalants, use by children and adolescents, Ch 53 INH prophylaxis. See Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis Injectable drugs. See Injection drug users Injection drug users counseling, Ch 53 hepatitis B, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 risk reduction, Ch 53 sexually transmitted diseases, Ch 62 syphilis, Ch 26 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Injuries Alzheimer's disease and, Ch 48 in elderly persons, Ch 58 exercise-related, Ch 55 family violence screening and, Ch 51 household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 osteoporosis prophylaxis, Ch 46, Ch 58 pedestrian, Ch 57 prevention counseling, Ch 57_Ch 59 suicide risk, Ch 50 violent, Ch 51, Ch 59 Institutionalized persons. See Correctional institutions; Long-term care facilities Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Ch 48 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I), Ch 19. See also Diabetes mellitus Interobserver variation, Ch ii Intervention effectiveness, Ch ii Interventions. See Counseling interventions; Preventive interventions, recommendations for Intraobserver variation, Ch ii Intraocular pressure, glaucoma and, Ch 34 Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring, Ch 39 Intrauterine devices (IUDs), Ch 63 Intrauterine growth retardation aspirin prophylaxis trials, Ch 70 maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 ultrasonographic detection, Ch 36 Intravenous drug user. See Drug abuse; Injection drug users Intravenous pyelography, bladder cancer and, Ch 17 IPV vaccine, Ch 65 Ipecac, syrup of, Ch 58 Iron in healthy diet, Ch 56 iron deficiency anemia and, Ch 22 Iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 elevated lead levels and, Ch 23 prevention and treatment. See under Iron prophylaxis Iron prophylaxis, Ch 22, Ch 56 Ischemic heart disease. See Coronary heart disease Isoimmunization. See D incompatibility Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis, Ch 25 IUD (intrauterine device), Ch 63 Karyotyping, Down syndrome diagnosis, Ch 41 Kidney. See Renal entries Labor fetal monitoring during, Ch 39 preterm. See Home uterine activity monitoring; Premature birth Landolt C acuity test, Ch 33 Language development, hearing impairment and, Ch 35 Latex agglutination, rubella susceptibility screening, Ch 32 Lazy eye, Ch 33 LCR. See Ligase chain reaction LDL-C. See Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LE. See Leukocyte esterase Lead, elevated blood levels, Ch 23 Lead-time bias, screening test, Ch ii Length bias, screening test, Ch ii Leukocyte esterase asymptomatic bacteriuria screening, Ch 31 chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 Leukoplakia, oral cancer and, Ch 16 Ligase chain reaction chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 Lip cancer, Ch 16 Lipid abnormalities, Ch 2. See also Cholesterol carotid atherosclerosis, Ch 4 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 Liver. See Hepatitis entries Long-bone length, Down syndrome, Ch 41 Long-term care facilities, residents asymptomatic bacteriuria in, Ch 31 dementia in, Ch 48 hepatitis B infection in, Ch 24 injuries in, Ch 58 tuberculous infection screening in, Ch 25 visual impairment in, Ch 33 Low back pain, prevention counseling, Ch 60 Low birth weight chlamydial infection, Ch 29 congenital hearing loss, Ch 35 gonorrhea, Ch 27 home uterine activity monitoring, Ch 40 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 maternal bacteriuria, Ch 31 maternal hemoglobin levels, Ch 22 maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 phenylketonuria, Ch 44 preeclampsia, Ch 37 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. See also Cholesterol carotid atherosclerosis and, Ch 4 Lung cancer, Ch 11 Macular degeneration, age-related, Ch 33 Magnetic resonance imaging abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 Malignant melanoma, Ch 12 Malnutrition, Ch 56 Mammography, Ch 7 Mantoux test (PPD), Ch 25 Marijuana, Ch 53 MAST (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test), Ch 52 Maternal serum a-fetoprotein Down syndrome, Ch 41 neural tube defects, Ch 42 Mean arterial pressure, preeclampsia, Ch 37 Mean cell volume, iron deficiency and, Ch 22 Mean corpuscular volume, thalassemia screening, Ch 43 Measles, childhood immunization. See Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine adolescent immunization, Ch 32, Ch 65, Ch 66 adult immunization, Ch 66 in childhood, Ch 32, Ch 65 Mechanical suffocation, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Medroxyprogesterone acetate, postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 Melanoma, malignant, Ch 12 Meningococcal infection, postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Meningomyelocele, Ch 42 Menopause. See Postmenopause period Menstruation hemoglobin levels and, Ch 22 microscopic hematuria and, Ch 17 Mental health disorders. See also Depression, Suicide exercise benefits, Ch 55 recognition and treatment, Ch 49, Ch 50 Mental retardation congenital hypothyroidism, Ch 45 Down syndrome, Ch 41 infant phenylketonuria, Ch 44 intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring and, Ch 39 Mental status, dementia screening, Ch 48 Metabolic disorders. See also Diabetes mellitus; Obesity; Thyroid disease dementia and, Ch 48 Methodology, preventive service evaluation, Ch ii MHA-TP (microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum), Ch 26 Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Ch 52 Microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum, Ch 26 Military personnel hepatitis A vaccine, Ch 66 HIV infection screening, Ch 28 rubella screening and vaccination, Ch 32 Mini-Mental State Examination, dementia screening, Ch 48 "Mini-pill," for contraception, Ch 63 MMR vaccine. See Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine Modified Clinical Technique, visual impairment screening, Ch 33 Moire topography, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening, Ch 47 Moles, skin cancer and, Ch 12 Mono-Vacc multiple puncture test, Ch 25 Morbidity/mortality. See individual conditions Motor vehicle injuries, Ch 57 dementia and, Ch 48 motorcycle injuries, Ch 57 visual impairment in elderly, and, Ch 33 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging Multiple gestations maternal serum a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 preeclampsia/eclampsia, Ch 37 ultrasonographic detection, Ch 36 Multiple-marker screening. See Serum markers, maternal Multiple puncture tests, tuberculous infection screening, Ch 25 Multivitamins, neural tube defect prophylaxis, Ch 42 Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), rifabutin prophylaxis, Ch 28 Mycobacterium tuberculosis. See Tuberculous infection Myocardial infarction. See also Coronary heart disease aspirin prophylaxis for, Ch 69 carotid artery stenosis and, Ch 4 Myopia, glaucoma and, Ch 34 Negative predictive value, screening test accuracy, Ch ii Neisseria gonorrhoeae. See Gonorrhea Neisseria meningitidis infection, postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Neoplastic diseases. See specific cancer sites Neural tube defects, Ch 42 Nevi, skin cancer and, Ch 12 Newborns. See also Infants; Perinatal morbidity/mortality asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 breast feeding, Ch 56 chlamydial infection, Ch 29. See also Ophthalmia neonatorum congenital rubella syndrome, Ch 32 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 gonorrhea. See also Ophthalmia neonatorum hearing impairment, Ch 35 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 hepatitis B, Ch 24 HIV infection, Ch 28 hypothyroidism, Ch 45 maternal illicit drug use, Ch 53 phenylketonuria, Ch 44 premature birth. See Premature birth sickle cell disease, Ch 43 syphilis, Ch 26 visual impairment, Ch 33 Nicotine products, smoking cessation aid, Ch 54 Nitrite testing, asymptomatic bacteriuria screening, Ch 31 Noise-induced hearing impairment, Ch 35 Noncompliance, Ch iv Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type II), Ch 19. See also Diabetes mellitus Nuchal fold thickness, Down syndrome and, Ch 41 Nutrition, Ch 56. See also Diet therapy; Weight control counseling, Ch 56 dental and periodontal disease risk reduction, Ch 61 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 lead levels and, Ch 23 neural tube defect prophylaxis, Ch 42 obesity, Ch 21 Nutritional counseling, Ch 56 Nutritional disorders. See Iron deficiency anemia; Obesity Obesity, Ch 21 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 endometrial cancer, Ch 64 exercise benefits, Ch 55 hypertension, Ch 3 low back pain risk, Ch 60 Occupant restraints, motor vehicle injury prevention, Ch 57 Occupational exposures bladder cancer, Ch 17 lead levels, Ch 23 low back pain risk, Ch 60 oral cancer, Ch 16 Ocular alignment assessment, Ch 33 Ocular hypertension, Ch 34 Ocular misalignment, Ch 33 Ocular prophylaxis, neonatal. See Ophthalmia neonatorum OGTT(oral glucose tolerance test), Ch 19 Ophthalmia neonatorum chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea, Ch 27 ocular prophylaxis for, Ch 27, Ch 29 Ophthalmoscopy glaucoma screening, Ch 34 visual impairment screening, Ch 33 Opiates, Ch 53. See also Drug abuse OPV vaccine. See Oral polio vaccine Oral cancer, Ch 16 Oral contraceptives, Ch 63 gynecologic cancer prevention, Ch 64 Oral disease cancer, Ch 16 prevention counseling, Ch 61 Oral glucose tolerance test, Ch 19 Oral polio vaccine in childhood, Ch 65 HIV infection and, Ch 28 Oropharyngeal cancer, Ch 16 Orthotic devices adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 low back pain prevention, Ch 60 Osteoporosis, postmenopausal diet and, Ch 56 estrogen replacement therapy, Ch 68 exercise effects, Ch 55 injury risk, Ch 58 screening for, Ch 46 Otitis media, Ch 35 Otoacoustic emission testing, Ch 35 Otoscopy, Ch 35 Ovarian cancer, Ch 14 colorectal cancer and, Ch 8 obesity and, Ch 21 risk reduction, Ch 64 Pain, back. See Back pain Palpation abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 oral cancer, Ch 16 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 prostate cancer, Ch 10 of pulse, peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 testicular cancer, Ch 13 thyroid cancer, Ch 18 Pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 Papanicolaou test cervical cancer, Ch 9 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 Pap smear. See Papanicolaou test Partner notification. See Contact tracing Passive smoking, Ch 54 Patient education, Ch iv. See also Counseling interventions PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), Ch 28 PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction Pedestrian injuries, prevention counseling, Ch 57 Peer mediation, Ch 59 Pelvic examination cervical cancer, Ch 9 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea, Ch 27 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 Pelvic inflammatory disease chlamydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea, Ch 27 Penicillin prophylaxis in sickle cell disease, Ch 43 Pentamidine, Ch 28 Perceived-Benefit-of-Drinking scale, Ch 52 Perimetry, glaucoma screening, Ch 34 Perinatal infection transmission chlamydial infection, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 hepatitis B virus, Ch 24 human immunodeficiency virus, Ch 28 Perinatal morbidity/mortality asphyxia, congenital hearing loss and, Ch 35 chlamydial infection and, Ch 29 chronic hypertension and, Ch 37 congenital syphilis, Ch 26 D incompatibility, Ch 38 fetal distress, Ch 39 gestational diabetes, Ch 19 home uterine activity monitoring and, Ch 40 intrapartum fetal monitoring and, Ch 39 maternal bacteriuria, Ch 31 maternal hemoglobin levels, Ch 22 in multiple gestation, Ch 36 neural tube defects, Ch 42 preeclampsia, Ch 37 premature birth, Ch 40 ultrasonography and, Ch 36 Periodic health examination: age-specific charts, Ch iii Periodontal disease nutritional factors, Ch 56 prevention counseling, Ch 61 Peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Pertussis, immunization against. See Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine Pharynx cancer, Ch 16 gonococcal infection, Ch 27 Phenylalanine, phenylketonuria and, Ch 44 Phenylketonuria, Ch 44 Photon absorptiometry, osteoporosis screening, Ch 46 Physical activity, Ch 55. See also Exercise Physical examination. See also Palpation; Self-examination adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 breast cancer, Ch 7 family violence injuries, Ch 51 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 oral cancer, Ch 16 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 skin cancer, Ch 12 PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease Plethysmography, peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Pneumococcal disease adult immunization, Ch 66 childhood immunization, Ch 65 sickle cell disease and, Ch 43 Pneumococcal vaccine for adults, Ch 66 for children and adolescents, Ch 65 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Ch 28 Poisoning(s) prevention counseling, Ch 58 suicide, Ch 50 Polio vaccines, Ch 65. See also Oral polio vaccine Polymerase chain reaction chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex screening, Ch 30 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 HIV infection screening, Ch 28 phenylketonuria prenatal diagnosis, Ch 44 Polyps, colorectal cancer and, Ch 8 Polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate) vaccine, Ch 65 Positive predictive value, screening test accuracy, Ch ii POSIT (Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers), Ch 52 Postexposure prophylaxis Haemophilus influenzae type b, Ch 67 hepatitis A and B, Ch 67 influenza A, Ch 66 meningococcal infection, Ch 67 rabies, Ch 67 tetanus, Ch 67 Postmenopausal hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 Postmenopause period blood cholesterol elevation, Ch 2 breast cancer screening, Ch 7 hormone prophylaxis, Ch 68 osteoporosis. See Osteoporosis, postmenopausal ovarian cancer screening, Ch 14 thyroid dysfunction, Ch 20 Postpartum period D incompatibility prophylaxis, Ch 38 thyroid dysfunction, Ch 20 Povidone-iodine. See Ophthalmia neonatorum PPD (tuberculin purified protein derivative), Ch 25 PPV (positive predictive value), Ch ii Preeclampsia/eclampsia, Ch 37 aspirin prophylaxis, Ch 70 childhood asymptomatic bacteriuria and, Ch 31 diabetes mellitus and, Ch 19 Preferential looking, Ch 33 Pregnancy alcohol use during, Ch 52 aspirin prophylaxis in, Ch 70 asymptomatic bacteriuria and, Ch 31 back pain, Ch 60 chlamydial infection and, Ch 29 D incompatibility, Ch 38 Down Syndrome, Ch 41 drug abuse. See Drug abuse elevated lead levels and, Ch 23 genital herpes simplex and, Ch 30 gestational diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 gonorrhea and, Ch 27 hemoglobinopathies, Ch 43 hepatitis B and, Ch 24 HIV infection and, Ch 28 home uterine activity monitoring, Ch 40 intrapartum fetal monitoring, Ch 39 iron deficiency anemia and, Ch 22 neural tube defects, Ch 42 nutritional needs in, Ch 56 phenylketonuria, Ch 44 preeclampsia, Ch 37 rubella and, Ch 32 syphilis and, Ch 26 thyroid dysfunction and, Ch 20 ultrasonography in. See under Ultrasonography unintended, Ch 63 Premature birth chlamydial infection, Ch 29 hearing impairment, Ch 35 home uterine activity monitoring, Ch 40 maternal bacteriuria and, Ch 31 maternal diabetes mellitus and, Ch 19 maternal hemoglobin levels, Ch 22 neonatal visual impairment, Ch 33 preeclampsia and, Ch 37 Presbycusis, Ch 35 Presbyopia, Ch 33 Preterm labor, Ch 40. See also Premature birth Preventive interventions, recommendations for age-specific charts, Ch iii quality of evidence, Appendix A ratings tables, Appendix A Problem drinking, Ch 52. See also Alcohol consumption Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT), Ch 52 Progestin contraceptives, Ch 63 postmenopausal use, Ch 68 Prophylaxis. See Immunizations; Postexposure prophylaxis; Vaccines Prostate cancer, Ch 10 urinalysis and, Ch 17 Prostate-specific antigen, Ch 10 Prostatic acid phosphatase, Ch 10 Prostitutes chlomydial infection, Ch 29 gonorrhea screening and, Ch 27 HIV infection and, Ch 28 syphilis and, Ch 26 PRP vaccine. See Polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate) vaccine PSA (prostate-specific antigen), Ch 10 Psychological factors adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 low back pain risk, Ch 60 Pulmonary diseases. See Lung cancer; Tuberculous infection adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and, Ch 47 Pulse, in peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Questions/questionnaires. See Screening questions/questionnaires Rabies postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 vaccination, Ch 67 Radiation exposure adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening, Ch 47 breast cancer and, Ch 7 solar oral cancer and, Ch 16 skin cancer and, Ch 12 thyroid cancer and, Ch 18 Radiography abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Ch 47 chest, lung cancer screening, Ch 11 skeletal, osteoporosis screening, Ch 46 Radioimmune assay congenital hypothyroidism screening, Ch 45 illicit drug use screening, Ch 53 Radionuclide imaging, coronary heart disease, Ch 1 Random Dot E stereogram, Ch 33 Rape, Ch 51, Ch 59 Rapid plasma reagin test, Ch 26 Ratings tables, Appendix A Recommendations. See Preventive interventions, recommendations for Recreational injuries, prevention counseling, Ch 58. See also Injuries Rectal examination. See Digital rectal examination Reflux nephropathy, in children, Ch 31 Refractive errors, Ch 33 Relative risk, Ch ii Reliability, screening test, Ch ii Renal cancer, Ch 17 Renal scarring, asymptomatic bacteriuria and, Ch 31 13-cis-Retinoic acid, oral cancer and, Ch 16 Rh incompatibility, Ch 38 Rhythm method, for contraception, Ch 63 RIA. See Radioimmune assay Rifampin prophylaxis Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, Ch 67 meningococcal infection, Ch 67 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Rimantadine, Ch 66 RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test, Ch 26 RU 486, Ch 63 Rubella, Ch 32. See also Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine congenital hearing loss, Ch 35 neonatal visual impairment, Ch 33 RVA (rabies vaccine, adsorbed). See Rabies Safety. See Injuries Safety belts, Ch 57 Safety helmets bicycle and ATV, Ch 58 motorcycle, Ch 57 Scald burns, Ch 58 Scalp blood sampling, intrapartum monitoring, Ch 39 Schiotz tonometry, Ch 34 School programs anti-tobacco, Ch 54 pedestrian skills, Ch 57 scoliosis screening, Ch 47 sex and HIV education, Ch 62 unintended pregnancy, Ch 63 vision screening, Ch 33 Scoliosis, adolescent idiopathic, Ch 47 Screening questions/questionnaires dementia, Ch 48 drug abuse, Ch 53 family violence, Ch 51 hearing impairment, Ch 35 lead levels, Ch 23 major depressive disorder, Ch 49 problem drinking, Ch 52 suicide risk, Ch 50 visual impairment, Ch 33 Screening tests, accuracy, Ch ii Seat belts, Ch 57 Selection bias, Ch ii Self-examination breast, Ch 7 skin, Ch 12 testes, Ch 13 Self-palpation, premature birth screening, Ch 40 Self-Rating Depression Scale, Ch 49 Sensitivity, screening test, Ch ii Sensorineural hearing deficits, Ch 35 Serologic testing genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 rubella susceptibility screening, Ch 32 syphilis, Ch 26 Serum ferritin, Ch 22 Serum iron, Ch 22 Serum markers, maternal Down syndrome, Ch 41 a-fetoprotein, Ch 42 multiple-marker screening, Ch 41 Serum thyroxine. See Thyroxine Serum tumor markers lung cancer, Ch 11 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 prostate cancer, Ch 10 testicular cancer, Ch 13 Sex education, Ch 63 Sexual abstinence, Ch 63 genital herpes simplex and, Ch 30 sexually transmitted diseases and, Ch 62 Sexual abuse, Ch 51 Sexual activity cervical cancer, Ch 9, Ch 64 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 gonococcal infections and, Ch 27 hepatitis B risk, Ch 24 HIV screening and, Ch 28 partner notification. See Contact tracing sexually transmitted disease and, Ch 62 syphilis screening and, Ch 26 unintended pregnancy, Ch 63 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), prevention counseling, Ch 62. See also specific diseases Sickle cell disease, Ch 43 Sigmoidoscopy, Ch 8 Silver nitrate. See Ophthalmia neonatorum Single photon absorptiometry, Ch 46 Skin cancer, Ch 12 Skinfold thickness, obesity screening, Ch 21 Slit-lamp examination, Ch 34 Smoke detectors, Ch 58 Smokeless tobacco, Ch 54. See also Tobacco use Smoking, Ch 54. See also Tobacco use Snellen visual acuity chart, Ch 33 Socioeconomic status, low cervical cancer, Ch 9 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 elevated lead levels, Ch 23 gonococcal infections, Ch 27 HIV infection, Ch 28 iron deficiency anemia, Ch 22 tuberculous infection, Ch 25 Sodium, dietary, Ch 56 Sonography. See Ultrasonography Specificity, screening test, Ch ii Speech and language development, hearing impairment and, Ch 35 Spermicides contraceptive method, Ch 63 sexually transmitted diseases and, Ch 62 Sphygmomanometry blood pressure screening, Ch 3 preeclampsia/eclampsia, Ch 37 Spina bifida, Ch 42 Spouse abuse, Ch 51 Sputum cytology, lung cancer, Ch 11 Squamous cell carcinoma, Ch 12 STDs (sexually transmitted diseases), Ch 62 Stereoacuity testing, Ch 33 Stereoscopic photographs, glaucoma screening, Ch 34 Sterilization female. See Tubal ligation male, Ch 63 Stool guaiac, Ch 8 Strabismus, Ch 33 Streptococcus pneumoniae. See Pneumococcal disease Stroke. See Cerebrovascular disease Subdermal implants, contraceptive method, Ch 63 Substance abuse. See Alcohol consumption; Drug abuse Suffocation, prevention counseling, Ch 58 Suicide, Ch 50 depression and, Ch 49 Sun exposure. See Radiation, solar Sunscreens, Ch 12 Syphilis, Ch 26 congenital hearing loss and, Ch 35 dementia and, Ch 48 gonorrhea co-infection, Ch 27 HIV co-infection, Ch 26 T4. See Thyroxine Tacrine, Ch 48 Tanning ability, skin cancer and, Ch 12 Tanning facilities, skin cancer and, Ch 12 Td (tetanus-diphtheria) vaccine, Ch 66 tetanus postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Teenagers. See Adolescents Teeth. See Dental disease Teratogenic risk acyclovir therapy for herpes simplex virus, Ch 30 maternal hyperphenylalaninemia, Ch 44 rubella vaccine, Ch 32 Testicular cancer, Ch 13 Tetanus adult immunization, Ch 66 childhood immunization. See Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine postexposure prophylaxis, Ch 67 Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine, Ch 66 Tetanus immune globulin, Ch 67 Tetracycline, ocular prophylaxis, Ch 27, Ch 29 Tetrahydroaminoacridine, Ch 48 Thalassemias, Ch 43 Thallium-201 scintigraphy, Ch 1 Thermography, Ch 4 Thin-layer chromatography, Ch 53 Thin-layer isoelectric focusing, hemoglobinopathy screening, Ch 43 Thyroid antibodies, thyroid autoimmunity and, Ch 20 Thyroid cancer, Ch 18 Thyroid disease, Ch 20 cancer, Ch 18 hypothyroidism. See Hypothyroidism Thyroid function tests, Ch 20 Thyroid-stimulating hormone congenital hypothyroidism, Ch 45 thyroid disease/dysfunction, Ch 20 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone tests, Ch 20 Thyroxine congenital hypothyroidism and, Ch 45 thyroid dysfunction and, Ch 20 TIAs (transient ischemic attacks), Ch 4 Ticlopidine prophylaxis, Ch 4 Tine multiple puncture test, Ch 25 TLC (thin-layer chromatography), Ch 53 TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis, Ch 28 Tobacco use, Ch 54 abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 bladder cancer, Ch 17 blood cholesterol and, Ch 2 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 cervical cancer, Ch 9, Ch 64 cessation, Ch 54 coronary heart disease, Ch 1 dental and periodontal disease, Ch 61 hypertension, Ch 3 injury risk related to, Ch 58 low back pain risk, Ch 60 lung cancer, Ch 11 oral cancer, Ch 16 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 postmenopausal osteoporosis, Ch 46 premature birth, Ch 40 prevention counseling, Ch 54 Tocodynamometry, Ch 40 Tolonium chloride rinses, Ch 16 Tongue cancer, Ch 16 Tonometry, glaucoma screening, Ch 34 Tooth brushing, Ch 61 Total-body skin examination, Ch 12 Total iron binding capacity, Ch 22 Toxemia of pregnancy. See Preeclampsia/ eclampsia Toxoplasmosis congenital hearing loss, Ch 35 HIV infection and, Ch 28 neonatal visual impairment, Ch 33 Transferrin saturation, iron deficiency and, Ch 22 Transient ischemic attacks, Ch 4 Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), Ch 10 Transvaginal color-flow Doppler ultrasound, Ch 14 Treatment efficacy, screening test evaluation, Ch ii Treponema pallidum. See Syphilis Triglycerides, serum, Ch 2 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis, Ch 28 Trisomy-21. See Down syndrome TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone Tubal ligation, Ch 63 ovarian cancer risk reduction, Ch 64 Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), Ch 25 Tuberculin skin testing, Ch 25 Tuberculous infection, Ch 25 BCG vaccine and, Ch 25 HIV co-infection, Ch 28 Tumbling E acuity test, Ch 33 Tumor markers. See Serum tumor markers Tuning fork, hearing impairment screening, Ch 35 Tympanometry, Ch 35 Ultrasonography abdominal aortic aneurysm, Ch 6 carotid artery stenosis, Ch 4 Doppler. See Doppler ultrasound osteoporosis, Ch 46 ovarian cancer, Ch 14 pancreatic cancer, Ch 15 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 in pregnancy, Ch 36 Down syndrome, Ch 41 gestational age, Ch 41 isoimmunization and, Ch 38 neural tube defects, Ch 42 prostate cancer, Ch 10 thyroid cancer, Ch 18 Unconjugated estriol, Down syndrome and, Ch 41 Unintended pregnancy, counseling to prevent, Ch 63 Unintentional injuries. See also Injuries household and recreational, Ch 58 motor vehicle, Ch 57 Urethral culture chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 Urinalysis asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 bladder cancer, Ch 17 chlamydial infection, Ch 29 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 gonorrhea, Ch 27 illicit drug use, Ch 53 preeclampsia, Ch 37 in pregnancy, Ch 31 Urinary leukocyte esterase asymptomatic bacteriuria screening, Ch 31 chlamydial infection screening, Ch 29 gonorrhea screening, Ch 27 Urinary tract infection, Ch 31 Urine culture, asymptomatic bacteriuria, Ch 31 Urologic cancers. See Bladder cancer; Prostate cancer; Renal cancer U.S. Preventive Services Task Force findings, principal, Ch i members, Ch i periodic health examination: age- specific charts, Ch iii recommendations evaluation methodology, Ch ii ratings, Appendix A Uterine activity monitoring. See Home uterine activity monitoring Vaccination history, rubella susceptibility screening, Ch 32 Vaccines diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, Ch 65 Haemophilus influenzae type b, Ch 65 hepatitis A, Ch 66, Ch 67 in childhood, Ch 65 hepatitis B, Ch 66, Ch 67 in childhood, Ch 65 influenza, Ch 66 meningococcal, Ch 67 MMR. See Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine pneumococcal, Ch 66 in childhood, Ch 65 polio, Ch 65 HIV infection and, Ch 28 rabies, Ch 67 rubella, Ch 32 Td series, Ch 66, Ch 67 tetanus, Ch 67 varicella, Ch 65 in adulthood, Ch 66 Vaginal sponge, Ch 62, Ch 63 Value, cost/cost-effectiveness analysis and, Ch v Varicella vaccine, Ch 65 in adulthood, Ch 66 Varicella-zoster virus, immunization against. See Varicella vaccine Vascular disease. See Cardiovascular diseases Vasectomy, Ch 63 VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test, Ch 26 Vehicle injuries, prevention counseling, Ch 57 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, Ch 26 Vertical transmission of infection. See Perinatal infection transmission Violence within family, Ch 51 youth prevention counseling, Ch 59 Viral culture genital herpes simplex, Ch 30 human immunodeficiency virus, Ch 28 Visual acuity assessment. See Visual impairment Visual field examination, glaucoma screening, Ch 34 Visual impairment, Ch 33. See also Blindness; Glaucoma cataracts, Ch33 genital herpes simplex and, Ch 30 hip fracture risk factor, Ch 58 Vitamin B12 dementia and, Ch 48 folic acid masking, Ch 42 neural tube defect prophylaxis, Ch 42 Vitamin C, cervical cancer risk reduction, Ch 64 Vitamin D, osteoporosis prophylaxis, Ch 46 Waist/hip circumference ratio, obesity screening, Ch 21 Water fluoridation, Ch 61 Weight control antihypertensive therapy, Ch 3 counseling for, Ch 21 diabetes mellitus, Ch 19 diet, healthy, Ch 56 high blood cholesterol, Ch 2 obesity, Ch 21 peripheral arterial disease, Ch 5 Weight measurement, Ch 21 Western blot analysis, HIV infection screening, Ch 28 Whispered voice testing, Ch 35 Whooping cough, childhood immunization. See Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine Withdrawal method, for contraception, Ch 63 X-ray. See Radiography Young adults. See Adolescents and young adults Youth violence, prevention counseling, Ch 59 ZDV (zidovudine), Ch 28 Zinc protoporphyrin levels, Ch 23 Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Ch 49