June, F. C. (1977).  Reproductive patterns in seventeen species of warmwater 
fishes in a Missouri river reservoir. Environmental Biology of Fishes.  2:285-
296.
	
The timing of ovarian maturation and spawning of 17 warmwater fish species in 
Lake Oahe (South and North Dakota) was estimated from changes in the mean ovary 
indices (ratios of ovary weight to fish length). The onset of vitellogenesis 
varied within species (up to 2 months). Maturation of the ova took from 7 . 5 to 
10 months, depending on species. Annual variations in the mean date of peak 
spawning of individual species during 1964-71 were usually less than a week. 
There was little overlap of the annual mean peak spawning dates of the 17 
species, and an established sequence of spawning among species was shown. A 
relatively high incidence of atresia in the shovelnose sturgeon, northern pike, 
and carp indicated that these species had apparently not yet adapted to the 
altered and variable spawning conditions in this reservoir. Regularity of 
spawning would seem to provide the best chance for spawning success in variable 
environments such as Lake Oahe.