Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 200212 Title: North American Land Cover Characteristics – 1-Kilometer Resolution Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: This map layer is an Arc/INFO grid map of land cover characteristics for North America, excluding Hawaii, and including the Caribbean and most of Mexico. The nominal spatial resolution is 1 km and the map layer is based on 1-km AVHRR data. The data were compiled by staff at the National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science as part of the Global Land Cover Characterization Project. The land cover classes were produced using 1-km AVHRR data from April 1992 to March 1993. Documentation and the original data are available at . The data available through the National Atlas of the United States are in GeoTIFF format. This is a revised version of the May 2002 map layer, with a corrected shoreline for Greenland. Purpose: These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the continental level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale data. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Supplemental_Information: The following table describes the display of land cover characteristics classes in the TIFF image: >Value Class RGB values >_________________________________________________________ >1 Urban and Built-Up Land 255 0 0 >2 Dryland Cropland and Pasture 160 82 40 >3 Irrigated Cropland and Pasture 134 82 40 >4 Mixed Dryland/Irrigated Cropland > and Pasture 159 54 0 >5 Cropland/Grassland Mosaic 184 134 11 >6 Cropland/Woodland Mosaic 154 205 50 >7 Grassland 234 221 130 >8 Shrubland 255 140 0 >9 Mixed Shrubland/Grassland 255 163 67 >10 Savanna 255 215 0 >11 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest 60 179 113 >12 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest 105 138 65 >13 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest 122 252 0 >14 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest 34 121 34 >15 Mixed Forest 125 217 152 >16 Water Bodies 132 193 255 >17 Herbaceous Wetland 136 155 209 >18 Wooded Wetland 109 121 188 >19 Barren or Sparsely Vegetated 150 150 150 >20 Herbaceous Tundra 203 130 199 >21 Wooded Tundra 188 143 143 >22 Mixed Tundra 213 121 180 >23 Bare Ground Tundra 253 186 242 >24 Snow or Ice 255 255 255 >255 Unlabelled land area 129 159 170 > For further information about the Land Cover Characterization Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, please see . The associated world file is included as part of the GeoTIFF. The contents of the world file are: >1001.0420 >0.000000 >0.000000 >-1001.0420 >-5760628.0000 >4488331.0000 The following projection file can be used when using ESRI's ArcGIS to view the GeoTIFF (any line breaks should be removed): PROJCS["NAD_1983_Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area",GEOGCS ["GCS_Sphere_ARC_INFO",DATUM["D_Sphere_ARC_INFO",SPHEROID ["Sphere_ARC_INFO",6370997.0,0.0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION ["Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0], PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian", -100.0],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",45.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0]] Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199204 Ending_Date: 199303 Currentness_Reference: Dates of satellite imagery. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 172 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Land cover Theme_Keyword: Land cover characteristics Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Canada Place_Keyword: Mexico Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: Cuba Place_Keyword: Caribbean Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of The United States, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Alaska Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: Arkansas Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: District of Columbia Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: Georgia Place_Keyword: Idaho Place_Keyword: Illinois Place_Keyword: Indiana Place_Keyword: Iowa Place_Keyword: Kansas Place_Keyword: Kentucky Place_Keyword: Louisiana Place_Keyword: Maine Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: Minnesota Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Missouri Place_Keyword: Montana Place_Keyword: Nebraska Place_Keyword: Nevada Place_Keyword: New Hampshire Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: New Mexico Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: North Dakota Place_Keyword: Ohio Place_Keyword: Oklahoma Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: South Carolina Place_Keyword: South Dakota Place_Keyword: Tennessee Place_Keyword: Texas Place_Keyword: Utah Place_Keyword: Vermont Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: West Virginia Place_Keyword: Wisconsin Place_Keyword: Wyoming Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico Place_Keyword: Virgin Islands Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the National Atlas of the United States of America would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jesslyn Brown Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: EROS Data Center City: Sioux Falls State_or_Province: SD Postal_Code: 57198-0001 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6003 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jfbrown@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The basic data from which this map was derived were provided by the USGS, National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, Global Land Cover Characteristics Project. Native_Data_Set_Environment: The original data were in 8-bit binary format. They were converted to GeoTIFF format for use in the National Atlas Map Maker. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: National Center for EROS, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 200509 Title: Conterminous United States Land Cover 1992 – 200-Meter Resolution Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Other_Citation_Details: This map layer is a 200-meter resolution image of 1992 land cover for the conterminous United States, with classification based on a modified Anderson Land Cover Classification scheme. See for more information on the classification used. Online_Linkage: Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: No tests for logical consistency have been performed on this map layer. Completeness_Report: This map layer contains data for all of North America, except for Hawaii, the eastern part of Greenland, southern Mexico, and Central America. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Global Land Cover Characteristics map of seasonal land cover regions for North America, version 1.2L Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD Publisher: National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science Other_Citation_Details: The procedures used in development of this map are described in Loveland, T.R., Reed, B.C., Brown, J.F., Ohlen, D.O., Zhu, J., Yang, L., and Merchant, J.W., 2000. Development of a Global Land Cover Characteristics Database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR Data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 6/7, p. 1,303-1,330. Online_Linkage: Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1992 Ending_Date: 1993 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of satellite imagery. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Land Cover map Source_Contribution: Land cover information for Canada, lower 48 United States, and Mexico. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Atlas of the United States Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Shoreline file in Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Type_of_Source_Media: Internal file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1972 Ending_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelp020l Source_Contribution: Shoreline mask for area of coverage. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 199906 Title: North American Land Cover Characteristics Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199204 Ending_Date: 199303 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of satellite imagery. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE Source_Contribution: Land Cover Characteristics TIFF image. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 200205 Title: North American Land Cover Characteristics Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: National Atlas of the United States Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199204 Ending_Date: 199303 Source_Currentness_Reference: Dates of satellite imagery. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE_200205 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Characteristics TIFF image. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Publication_Date: 1990 Title: World Vector Shoreline Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bethesda, MD Publisher: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Online_Linkage: Type_of_Source_Media: Online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1990 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WVS Source_Contribution: Shoreline information. Process_Step: Process_Description: The Land Cover image was downloaded from the EROS site . A header file was created from the information provided in the North America Documentation file located at The header file consisted of the following parameters: >nrows 8996 >ncols 9223 >nbands 1 >nbits 8 >layout BIL >xdim 1000.0 >ydim 1000.0 >ulxmap -4487000.0 >ulymap 4480000.0 The data were converted from image format to ESRI GRID format using the command IMAGEGRID. The file was then reprojected to change the latitude of projection center from 50 degress to 45 degrees. A shoreline mask was created using the file shorelp020l. It was used to add land areas not included in the Land Cover map, including some Aleutian islands, Hawaii, eastern Russia, Iceland, and half of Greenland. These land areas were given a code of 255. The image was truncated to cover the same area as shorelp020l, and the resulting file was converted to TIFF format using the RGB colors listed in the Supplemental_Information section. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Land Cover map Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelp020l Process_Date: 1999 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE Process_Step: Process_Description: A GeoTIFF Revision 1.0 header was added and PackBits compression was applied to the image. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE Process_Date: 200205 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE_200205 Process_Step: Process_Description: Image data for Greenland were adjusted and remasked to correct for geometric distortion in the northwest part of the island between the Robeson Channel and Cape Morris Jesup, and to improve registration with a new, corrected coastline derived from World Vector Shoreline (WVS). A link coverage was created in ArcEdit containing links between the original Greenland data and the new coastline. The link coverage was used in the Arc Adjust command to perform a linear transformation with nearest neighbor resampling on the original image, stored as an Arc/INFO grid dataset. The resulting image is geometrically correct and fits the WVS coastline. This correction was applied to data for Greenland only; the rest of the image was left unchanged. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LANDCOVER_IMAGE_200205 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WVS Process_Date: 200212 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 7265 Column_Count: 10030 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area: Longitude_of_Projection_Center: -100.00 Latitude_of_Projection_Center: 45.00 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1001.042 Ordinate_Resolution: 1001.042 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: None Ellipsoid_Name: Sphere Semi-major_Axis: 6370997.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 1.0 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Land cover characteristics grid cell Entity_Type_Definition: Any of the data elements in the land cover characteristics file. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: National Atlas of the United States Attribute: Attribute_Label: Land cover characteristics grid cell value Attribute_Definition: The value is an indication of the land cover class as described in detail in 'A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data', Anderson, J.R., Hardy, E.E., Roach, J.T., and Witmer, R.E., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964, 1976. Attribute_Definition_Source: National Atlas of the United States Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Urban and Built-Up Land Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dryland Cropland and Pasture Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Irrigated Cropland and Pasture Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed Dryland/Irrigated Cropland and Pasture Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cropland/Grassland Mosaic Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cropland/Woodland Mosaic Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Grassland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shrubland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed Shrubland/Grassland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Savanna Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 12 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deciduous Needleleaf Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 13 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Evergreen Broadleaf Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 14 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 15 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 16 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Water Bodies Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 17 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Herbaceous Wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 18 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wooded Wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 19 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Barren or Sparsely Vegetated Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Herbaceous Tundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 21 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wooded Tundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 22 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed Tundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 23 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bare Ground Tundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 24 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Snow or Ice Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 255 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unlabelled land area Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Earth Science Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 507 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747) Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-5920 Contact_Instructions: In addition to the address above there are other ESIC offices throughout the country. A full list of these offices is at . Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Fees: There is no charge for the map layer. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20060426 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peg Rawson Contact_Organization: National Atlas of the United States Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Address: MS-561 City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4183 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: atlasmail@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None