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Resources
Although forensic analysis and investigative techniques have
greatly improved over the years, the resolution of cold cases is
primarily rooted in a squad’s ability to identify, locate,
and secure the testimony and cooperation of witnesses and informants.
Cold case investigations place particular emphasis on securing
the participation of previously unknown or uncooperative witnesses.
Locating them can be a formidable task. Witnesses may lie low because
they face threats or retaliation, and informants may have, at best,
a faulty recollection of an incident. With the passage of time,
however, witnesses may no longer feel intimidated by threats or
by the initial shock and publicity of a homicide. Individuals may
have access to previously unavailable information, especially when
a killer begins to boast about previous crimes. The relationship
between suspects and witnesses may also have soured over time;
in drug- and gang-related homicides, the killer himself may have
been killed by a rival or other parties. Some witnesses may find
their personal, professional, or legal circumstances have changed
or may need assistance from law enforcement themselves.
Today, cold case squads have at their disposal technology, investigative
methods, and resources that were not available to law enforcement
agencies in the past. The two most frequently cited technological
tools are DNA analysis and fingerprint technology (including automated
fingerprint identification systems; cyanocrylate/“superglue” fingerprint
systems that allow investigators to lift prints from surfaces previously
considered unprintable, such as leather and cloth; and systems
that use lasers to lift prints). The availability of telephone
services (such as Crime Stoppers) that offer cash rewards for anonymous
informants has increased the flow of cold case information to investigators.
Some agencies use the Internet and online forums for their Crime
Stoppers efforts. In addition, some law enforcement web sites offer
police-only areas that present examples of modus operandi to
investigators and agencies worldwide in order to obtain their comments.
Although media outlets sometimes have an uneasy relationship
with law enforcement, particularly on a local level, they can help
by reaching out to potential or uncooperative witnesses. After
an arrest has been made in one cold case, people often contact
police with information on other cold cases. Major newspapers and
community publications can print articles and photographs relating
to old cases. Radio and television stations, through news and community
affairs broadcasts, can disseminate information, offer reenactments,
and reach more members of a community than most law enforcement
agencies can. Moreover, the participation of one media entity may
encourage others to participate, increasing the potential for outreach.
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