United
States Department of State
Post
Report 2003
CYPRUS
Preface
Cyprus is a small island - roughly the size of Connecticut - which
has played a large role in the history of Western civilization. Because of its geographic
location at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Cyprus has been a magnet for
would-be conquerors. The charms of "Aphrodite's island" include its sunny
Mediterranean weather, its Crusader castles and Ottoman fortresses, its tradition of
hospitality, and its extraordinary geography and flora. Yet Cyprus is also a land of
"bitter lemons," in the words of writer Lawrence Durrell. A bitter fight for
independence in the 1950's against the British colonial power led to independence and a
brief experiment in government shared between the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities.
Alas, in late 1963, a political crisis ushered in a period of devastating intercommunal
strife, leading to the intervention of the British as a "guarantor" power - and
ultimately United Nations forces. In 1974, a coup d'état against the government of
Archbishop Makarios, instigated by the military junta in Greece, installed an
ultra-nationalist regime in Nicosia. Within days, Turkey intervened militarily and
captured approximately 34% of the island. The coup collapsed, Makarios was restored to
power, and the two Cypriot communities have lived separate existences ever since with UN
peacekeepers, known as UNFICYP (United Nations Forces in Cyprus), remaining as the
buffering force between the two sides. The 108-mile east-to-west "green line"
between the two communities affords almost no movement of goods, persons, or services
between the two parts of the island.
The multitude of cultures and conquerors on Cyprus has left a
distinct imprint on the island. English is
widely spoken and a proper British tea can be had even in remote mountain villages. At the
same time, the Hellenic tradition is evident in all walks of life, the Middle East can be
savored in the restaurants of Nicosia, and the Muslim call to prayer of the muezzin can be
heard along the buffer zone. Cyprus is endowed with fabulous treasures of the Byzantine
period, the Bronze Age, and the era of Richard the Lionheart, who conquered Cyprus in 1191
- ushering in the era of the Crusaders. Cyprus
is rich with stunning archeological sites and historic treasures, waiting to be explored
by the intrepid traveler with a guidebook and a four-wheel drive vehicle. Its glorious beaches - with crystal clear waters
for scuba diving, and its dramatic mountains - that allow skiing and hiking - attract
visitors from around Europe and the world.
Speaking to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1999,
Ambassador Donald Bandler made the point that "Cyprus is a country, not a
problem." The United States works effectively with the Government of Cyprus on a
range of important transnational issues. However, seeking a peaceful and lasting
settlement to the Cyprus problem has been a policy goal for Washington since the 1960's.
The United States has supported multiple efforts under UN auspices for a negotiated
settlement of the Cyprus problem. For more information on the political situation,
personnel assigned to Nicosia are encouraged to contact the State Department's Office of
Southern European Affairs (EUR/SE) or the Embassy.
The Host Country
 |
Cyprus is in the eastern Mediterranean basin, 44 miles south of
Turkey, 64 miles west of Syria, and 150 miles north of the Nile Delta. Its strategic |
Two mountain ranges dominate the landscape. The narrow and largely
barren Kyrenia Range in the north (maximum elevation 3,360 feet) rises almost directly up
from the northern coastline and follows it from east to west for some 80 miles. The
forest-covered Troodos Range rises in the southwestern sector of the island, culminating
in Mount Olympus at an altitude of 6,400 feet. Between the two ranges, extending from
Morphou Bay in the west to Famagusta Bay in the east lies the Mesaoria, meaning
"between the mountains" - a broad, fertile, coastal plain which produces most of
the island's cereal grains and other crops. Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, is on the
Mesaoria. Throughout the long summer the plain is a rid and parched, but in the winter and
spring it is carpeted with a lush growth of young wheat and barley. Cyprus supports a
varied flora with some 1800 different species of flowering plants, including over 120
endemic plants. Additionally, Cyprus is host to a diverse group of bird and insect fauna,
as well as a surprising range of reptiles and amphibians.
The climate of Cyprus may be compared to that of South Central
Texas. Cyprus has hot, dry, dusty summers and moderately cool, damp winters. Nicosia's maximum mean temperature is
approximately 80°F, while the minimum mean temperature is 50°F. From mid-June to
mid-September, the temperature sometimes exceeds 100°F. After sunset, it usually falls to
between 60°F and 70°F. The summer heat is
tolerable because humidity is usually low and high temperatures are often tempered by
westerly winds. Nicosia's summer weather is generally more comfortable than in the seaside
towns, where humidity is higher though temperatures are lower. Rain falls almost
exclusively from December through March. Winters
are usually cool and damp. On the whole, Cyprus has an enjoyable Mediterranean climate.
Population
Cyprus has had no official census
since 1973. Before 1974, its population was
estimated at 630,000 persons, 80% of whom were Greek Cypriot and 18% of whom were Turkish
Cypriot. The remainder were mainly Armenians and Maronites, with a few Latins. An official
estimate for 2000 was a total population of 758,000, 78% being Greek Cypriot and 18% being
Turkish Cypriot. The foreign population in Cyprus includes some 1,250 UN troops, a
resident British presence of over 13,000 (including retired persons and troops in the
Sovereign Base Areas), and some 3,000-4,000 American citizens.
The population is divided physically and culturally into two quite
different societies - Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot. Each maintains its distinct
identity based on customs, religion, language, and ethnic allegiance. Historically, this
population was intermingled among six larger towns and over 600 small villages. One of the
results of inter-communal violence during the 1960's was the enclavement of most Turkish
Cypriots and, after the 1974 war, the physical separation of the two communities by the
present cease-fire line. Only .5% of Greek Cypriots live in the Turkish controlled north,
while 1.3% of Turkish Cypriots live in the Republic of Cyprus.
Public Institutions
The 1960 Constitution created a presidential system, with a Greek
Cypriot President and Turkish Cypriot Vice President elected by their respective
communities. As part of a number of safeguards designed to protect the rights of the
Turkish Cypriot minority, the Vice President was given veto rights over defense, foreign
affairs, and security matters. The Turkish
Cypriots were also assured a representation of 30% in the civil service, and in the
unicameral legislature, which was to consist of 35 Greek Cypriot and 15 Turkish Cypriot
members. The same ratio was obtained in the 10-member Council of Ministers, three of whose
members were Turkish Cypriots, and one of whom had to hold the Defense, Interior, or
Foreign Affairs portfolio. The constitutional system broke down with the outbreak of
inter-communal fighting in late 1963, which led to the establishment of Turkish Cypriot
enclaves.
In the summer of 1974, a coup
d'état backed by the military junta in Athens led to Turkey intervening militarily and
the occupation of some 37% of the island's territory by the Turkish Army. In November
1983, the Turkish Cypriot Administration declared itself the "Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus". Only Turkey recognizes
the "TRNC".
Under the auspices of the UN Secretary General, inter-communal
negotiations have been conducted at various stages since 1968, with the goal of trying to
resolve differences between the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities. The latest round of talks was held in November
2000. The core issues in the talks center on
security, the nature and structure of the federal constitution, as well as territory and
refugees/settlers.
The Government of Cyprus has a presidential system with a unicameral
legislature, the House of Representatives. The President, elected for a five-year term,
was last elected in February 1998. The House was last elected in May 1996. Five main
parliamentary parties dominate the Greek Cypriot political scene. The oldest established
Greek Cypriot party is the communist party (AKEL), which currently has 18 of the 56
elected members of the legislature. The center-right Democratic Rally party (DISY) holds
21 seats, the centrist Democratic Party (DIKO) holds 9 seats, the Social Democrats
Movement (KISOS) has 6 seats, and the United Democrats party (EDI) has 2 seats. The
current President was the founder of DISY party. The United Democrats party supported his
candidacy in the final round of the elections.
Cyprus is one of six candidate countries scheduled for the next
enlargement of the European Union (EU), widely expected to take place by 2004. Cyprus
began accession negotiations in March 1998 and the target date of accession is January 1,
2003. Among the many steps taken towards harmonization with the EU acquis communautaire,
Cyprus completed the first phase of a Customs Union agreement with the EU as of January 1,
1998, covering 80% of the goods traded between the two sides. Cyprus is also a member of
the following organizations: The Council of Europe, The Commonwealth, The Non-Aligned
Movement, and The Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
There are four main Turkish Cypriot political parties. The National
Unity party (UBP, center right) and the Communal Liberation Party (TKP, social democrat)
formed a coalition following the December 1998 general elections. Together the two parties
have 30 seats in the 50-member "TRNC Assembly." The main opposition, the
Democratic Party (DP, center right), has 11 seats. The Republican Turkish Party (CTP,
leftist) has 6 seats. The remaining 3 seats are shared between the small Nationalist
Justice Party (MAP) and 2 independents. Rauf Denktash was last elected as "TRNC
President" as an independent in April 2000. Although the "constitution"
nominally gives him little power, he is generally considered to be the most important and
powerful political figure in northern Cyprus.
Arts,
Science, and Education
| Pre-historic pottery and
sculpture have been excavated throughout Cyprus. Pottery and other folk
arts are still practiced on the island. Embroidery is one of the most developed
traditional art on Cyprus, and Lefkara lace is internationally known. The revival of Cypriot painting began toward the end of British rule in the 1950's. Many artists still show the effects of classical European training, although others reflect the Byzantine tradition. Younger artists show a definite leaning toward American "hard edge" and other modern schools. |
There are several art galleries in Cyprus featuring exhibitions by both Cypriot and foreign artists. In the Greek Cypriot community, there are more than 300 professional artists whose work is exhibited not only in Cyprus but also abroad. Music is also well developed, although concerts are limited. Although there is no university-level music education in Cyprus, there are several private music schools, which are linked with reputable schools of music abroad and which grant degrees of international standards. Most Cypriot students who take music lessons in Cyprus take the exams of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA). RSA examiners visit the island once a year, examine the students, and grant RSA diplomas. The Cyprus Chamber Orchestra and the Cyprus Youth Orchestra, founded in 1988, give performances around the island.
Archaeology is a major feature of the Cypriot cultural scene. There
are several on-going excavations that bring to light important archaeological findings
from the neolithic, bronze, classical Greek, Roman, and medieval periods. The U.S.
connection with Cypriot archaeology began with Luigi Palma di Cesnola who served as
American Consul in Cyprus in the second half of the 19th century. Cesnola obtained
permission from the then Ottoman Administration of Cyprus to conduct excavations on the
island. His excavations were large scale, and brought to light several very important
findings. Due to the prevailing law at the time, Cesnola was allowed to export his
findings. Cesnola sold a large part of those findings to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in
New York, where they can still be found.
The Cyprus American Archaeological
Research Institute (CAARI) is another important U.S. connection with Cyprus in the field
of archaeology. Founded in Nicosia in 1978, CAARI's main objective is to assist
archaeologists performing excavations and/or research in Cyprus to carry out their jobs
more easily and effectively. CAARI provides such travelers with reasonably priced
accommodation, and allows them to make use of its extensive library, which specializes in
books and articles on archeological excavations carried out in Cyprus and the Southeastern
Mediterranean region.
Cyprus is also home to several ancient monuments. One of the best
known monuments is the Tower of Othello in the old city of Famagusta. One of the most
famous tragedies written by Shakespeare is thought to be based on the legend of a Venetian
Captain who was stationed in Famagusta during the 16th century. The Othello tower can
still be seen in the Venetian walls that surround the old city of Famagusta.
Cypriots are highly educated. There is a 98% literacy rate, and most
Cypriots speak English fluently in addition to their native language,either Greek or
Turkish. Cypriots generally receive their university education abroad, typically in
Greece, Turkey, the U.K. and the U.S. The University of Cyprus is of good standard and
grants degrees mainly in arts and humanities. There are also several tertiary-level
educational institutions, which grant diplomas in various fields. The U.S.-sponsored
Cyprus American Scholarship Program (CASP) gives approximately 65 fully-funded
scholarships, as well as 35 partially-funded scholarships, each year to Cypriots from both
communities who will pursue university education in the U.S. CASP also provides grants for
short-term training to mid-level career men and women to enable them improve their work
skills and performance.
Commerce
and Industry
The island's division into two economic areas disrupted the
country's economic unity and overall productive capacity. While the economy in the area
controlled by the Government of Cyprus (GOC) has developed and grown, the economy in the
Turkish Cypriot-controlled north has been much weaker. Lack of technical expertise,
foreign exchange reserves, and international financing have been inhibiting factors in
this part of the island.
Care of the displaced populations took first priority in the years
immediately after 1974 with emergency assistance and housing being provided by the
international community (including the U.S.), through the United Nations High Commission
for Refugees (UNHCR). US grant assistance has totaled over $300 million since 1975. This
has been mainly channeled through the United Nations; UNHCR until 1998 and the United
Nations Developmental Programs (UNDP) since then, with approximately $5 million per year
since 1982 being used to support the Cyprus America Scholarship Program (CASP) that
provides scholarships for Cypriots to study in the U.S.
In 2000, about 3.5% of the economically active population were unemployed and economic growth was identified at 4.8%. A political settlement of the Cyprus problem would likely greatly enhance the viability of the island and begin to bridge the disparity of economic opportunity between the two major communities. In 2000, estimated per-capita GDP was about $13,000 in the Greek Cypriot community and $5,263 in the Turkish Cypriot community (higher, in both cases, if adjusted for purchasing power parity).
Cyprus enjoys a modern array of goods and services. Shopping hours are fixed, as follows: in the
winter 08h00-17h30 with a lunch break from 13h00-14h30; and in the summer 08h00-19h00 with
a three-hour siesta from 13h00-16h00, most stores, however, close at 13h00 on Wednesdays.
Prices for goods and services are, on average, higher in Cyprus than in the United States.
A State Department survey, dated October 2000, indicated that the local price index
(adjusted to reflect the spending pattern of American private sector employees) was 97 in
Cyprus against 100 in Washington D.C.
Transportation
Automobiles
Everyone at post considers cars necessary for transportation and
shopping. Unlike most major European capitals, there is virtually no form of public
transportation. Many Cypriot families have two cars. Sightseeing and recreation would also
be difficult without a car. Vehicles keep to the left side of the road (the British
system), and the majority of cars are right-hand-drive models.
Official American personnel are
authorized to ship one vehicle, a right or left-hand drive automobile, or a motorcycle,
duty-free. At their own expense, diplomatically accredited employees who are married may
import or purchase a second duty-free vehicle. Diplomatically
accredited is defined as employees recognized by the Government of Cyprus as having
diplomatic status and title (e.g., first, second, or third secretary, attaché) as opposed
to administrative and technical staff. FBIS American personnel, though not included on the
diplomatic list, are afforded diplomatic status with the title of diplomatic agent.
New arrivals often purchase new cars
locally, or, more often, purchase used cars from personnel who are departing post and who
do not wish to export them. The safety advantages of right-hand-drive vehicles are
obvious. However, many families ship left-hand drive vehicles to post. Good quality
right-hand drive vehicles are readily available from dealers. If shipping a left-hand
drive vehicle, special restrictions apply. It is important to contact post as soon as you
are assigned to provide the following information: make and body style, country and year
of manufacture, engine and chassis numbers, extra equipment (i.e., radio, heater,
air-conditioning), approximate current value, date of purchase, the cubic capacity of the
engine, and confirmation that the headlights of the vehicle have been changed or adjusted
for left-side driving. Arrivals awaiting the shipment of their vehicle will need to make
transportation arrangements until their vehicle arrives.
Upon receipt of this data, the post
will request the Government of Cyprus to issue a special import license. Such licenses are
issued on the condition that the left-hand-drive vehicle will be exported upon completion
of the owner's tour of duty. Under no
circumstance should a left-hand-drive car be shipped before the import license has been
issued. Automobiles should be shipped uncrated.
Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler (Jeep) have agencies here, but
few American cars are operated on the island. The new, small American cars meet the needs
of local motoring, but they have some drawbacks - particularly the unavailability of
right-hand-drive models, local servicing, and availability of spare parts. Duty-free
gasoline is higher than U.S. prices.
Persons who wish to have a new right-hand drive automobile shipped
from a British or European factory might consider ordering it from the manufacturer or
through an agency at the post they are departing. Some manufacturers and retail agencies
in certain countries offer members of the diplomatic service discounts ranging from 10% to
15% on new cars. Persons already residing in Cyprus have little chance of ordering a car
abroad at a discount because the manufacturer would refer any inquiry to a Nicosia agent.
All European and Japanese car manufacturers are represented in
Cyprus.
Registration of automobiles by the
Cyprus Motor Vehicle Department, annual licensing, and issuance of a Cyprus driver's
license are required. U.S. Government employees are not charged for these services. An
international driver's license may be used only during the first 3 months on the island.
Holders of a valid U.S. driver's license need not take a driving test to obtain a Cyprus
driver's license. If applicants do not have a valid U.S. or other country's driver's
license, they must first apply for a learner's permit that allows the applicant to drive
only if accompanied by a Cyprus-licensed driver. A white sign marked with a red letter
"L" must also be displayed on the front and back of the learner's vehicle.
Though popular, four-wheel-drive
vehicles are only needed for trips to the Troodos Mountains during winter. Even then,
roads are cleared regularly on the weekends. Car windows can get iced-over in the winter
and a good car heater and defroster are necessary. Due to the high summer temperatures, it
is recommended to have air-conditioning.
If you have driven without an
accident for the past 5 years, you will be able to obtain a discount on local insurance if
you obtain a "No Claim" certificate from your insurance company, as proof of
accident-free driving for the applicable number of accident-free years. Local insurance
dealers will give up to a 50% reduction on new policies, depending on the number of years
of accident-free driving, if such a certificate is presented. Third-party liability
insurance, at a minimum, is required. Local
reputable insurance companies are available. Right-hand-drive cars imported duty free may
be sold prior to the employee's transfer provided that the seller pays customs duty if
sold to a non-privileged person. Sale of an automobile imported duty free may be
authorized without payment of duty if sold to a privileged person. Left-hand-drive cars
imported when less than five years old may be sold to a privileged person or
non-privileged person if converted to a right-hand-drive prior to the sale.
Local
Bus and taxi services are the only forms of local public
transportation. Buses are generally not used by post personnel because service is
irregular and not developed in many localities. In the major towns of Cyprus, excellent
taxi service is always available at moderate prices.
Scheduled taxi transportation between cities, on a shared-occupancy
basis, is offered at a reasonable fixed charge per passenger. Automobiles, with or without
chauffeurs, can be rented reasonably by the day, week, or month. GSO can assist with
making arrangements with local car-hire companies.
Regional
Cyprus is a regional hub for many national carriers. Cyprus Airways,
Olympic, Austrian, British Airways, Lufthansa and Swissair, to name a few, operate flights
in and out of Larnaca International Airport to most major European and Middle Eastern
cities. There are currently no direct flights from the U.S. to Cyprus. Popular transit
points for travelers coming to Cyprus are London, Amsterdam, Paris, Milan, and Athens. A
second small international airport is located in the city of Paphos. Ships carrying cargo
and passengers to Cyprus call at the port city of Limassol. Auto ferries are available
between Piraeus (Athens port) and Limassol.
NOTE: For official Americans
traveling to Cyprus, the foregoing are the only authorized points of entry or exit. Entry
into Cyprus by official travelers is not authorized through Ercan Airport or any of the
seaports (Famagusta, Kyrenia) located in the Turkish-Cypriot controlled north.
Communications
Telephone and Telegraph
Telephone service is very reliable. Dial calls can be made to all
the cities and villages. Cyprus has
telephone, telegraph, and telex communications with all parts of the globe, as well as
telephone and telegraph service with ships at sea. Telephone calls to Europe, the United
States, and other countries served are clear and uninterrupted. A satellite station has
been installed in the south and is operational. The Turkish Cypriot telephone system is
entirely separate from the Cyprus Telecommunications Authority network (CYTA). Telephone calls to the north can only be made to a
very few stations still linked to CYTA lines. The following are the 2001 CYTA rates:
Local Calls: .30
CYP/hour
U.S. Calls (Peak): .16 CYP/minute
U.S. Calls (Non-Peak):
.12 CYP/minute
There is a charge for using 1-800
numbers internationally. Many employees use calling cards (from major U.S. telephone
companies), or use Internet services to make international calls via the computer.
Mail and Pouch
FPO service is available in
the Embassy. All American employees of the Mission, as well as their eligible family
members, are authorized to receive first-class mail, printed matter, and parcel post
packages via Fleet Post Office (FPO) facilities. The FPO at Nicosia provides services for
both incoming and outgoing mail and has the usual services of a U.S. post office,
excluding the sale of money orders. U.S. postage stamps are available at the Embassy for
U.S. dollars. The FPO address is:
Full Name
American Embassy - Nicosia
PSC 815
FPO AE 09836-0001
Although first-class airmail is usually received from New York via
FPO in 5 to 6 days, transit times can range up to 14 days. While FPO surface mail and
surface parcel post would normally be in transit from 6 to 8 weeks, these categories of
mail are often dispatched to Nicosia via space available air. U.S. domestic postal rates
apply for all mail sent to and from the United States via FPO.
Parcels sent via FPO usually arrive
much faster than those sent via international postal channels. FPO parcels may not exceed
108 inches length and girth combined, or 70 pounds. Insured and registered items may be
sent to post.
International postal services between the United States and Cyprus
are reliable. Letters dispatched via international airmail usually arrive from New York in
4 to 6 days. Airmail service is provided
daily from Cyprus. The international address is:
Full Name
American Embassy Nicosia
P.O.Box 24536
CY-1385 Nicosia
It is possible to send mail and packages between FPO addresses free
of charge.
Air Pouch. Because AmEmbassy Nicosia is serviced by the
Military Postal System, the use of the diplomatic pouch for personal mail is limited. All American personnel employed by the Mission are
authorized to send or receive through Department of State diplomatic pouch facilities
important documents, such as bank drafts, wills, deeds, etc. In addition, American personnel may use air pouch
to receive reasonable quantities of prescription medicines, or to send and receive
prescription eyeglasses, orthopedic supplies, and other items needed for health care. Air pouches are dispatched from the Department and
from Nicosia twice weekly. The air pouch
address is:
Full Name
U.S. Department of State
5450 Nicosia Pl.
Washington, DC 20521-5450.
Internet Service
There are numerous reliable Internet service providers in Cyprus.
SpiderNet and CYTANet are the most popular within the embassy community. Service rates are
approximately 90 CYP/year. ISDN lines can be installed in embassy housing for about 50
CYP. The cost is approximately 8 CYP/month.
Radio and TV
Radio and TV reception is good. BBC broadcasts daily in the regular
medium wave (AM) band. A short-wave radio is recommended for picking up other foreign and
VOA broadcasts. The British Forces Broadcasting Service offers news, popular music, and
some BBC programs. Cyprus Radio broadcasts in Greek, Turkish, and English. It offers news
in English and some BBC programs from London.
Television service covers the entire island, and transmissions are
in color. News and current events programs are broadcast in Greek, Turkish, and English.
The news in English is limited to a 20 minute telecast once every evening. Many TV
features are U.S. or British movies or series with Greek subtitles.
Local satellite service is available, and runs about $500 every six
months. Many families use the Armed Forces Network (AFN) television services in order to
view American television shows. AFN decoder boxes must be ordered through European PXs for
approximately $565. Satellites must then be purchased and installed in order to receive
the AFN signal. These cost approximately $150, and should have a minimum one-meter
diameter. Satellite dishes from the States are not used as there is no coverage in Cyprus.
English, Japanese, or German TV sets and video recorders may be
purchased from local retailers at prices higher than those in the United States, or
ordered from AAFES via the FPO. AAFES offers multi-systems, which work in Cyprus, the U.S.
and the rest of the world. Some mission employees choose to purchase multi-system TVs and
VCRs locally. TV repair is adequate. In
deciding whether to bring an American set to Cyprus, consider that the cost of converting
your set for local use could be as much as $150. TV sets may also be rented for about $20
a month.
Videotape cassette lending libraries operate in Cyprus, with recent
and classic taped entertainment offered at reasonable rental rates, however some of these
videos may be pirated and of poor quality. The cassettes are in the VHS format, PAL-SECAM.
As a result, most families have elected to purchase a video player locally or through
AAFES. Aside from the advantages offered in servicing, it is necessary to consider that
the PAL/SECAM line system used here (for tapes as well as regular TV transmissions) cannot
be adapted from NTSC for a video player, as it can be for a TV set. Two-way (PAL/SECAM) video players are available
locally at prices only slightly higher than in the United States. Three-way video players
(PAL/SECAM/NTSC) are also available, at prices appreciably higher than single-format
videos in the United States. NTSC playback
capability is important if you have a friend or relative in the States who will be sending
tapes for your viewing. It is a must to research three-way video players thoroughly. Some makes and models do not reproduce NTSC tapes
in color, or play back 6-hour tapes. TV and video units brought from the United States for
the exclusive purpose of playing material sent from the States do work on transformers.
The Embassy commissary has approximately 200 American videos available for rent for $3.50.
Newspapers and Magazines
Nicosia's one English-language daily (except Monday) is the 12-15
page Cyprus Mail. The International Herald
Tribune
Local newspapers include 6 Greek and 5 Turkish language dailies, and
10 Greek and 5 Turkish language weekly papers.
Use the FPO address when subscribing to periodicals.
Health and Medicine
Medical Facilities
A full-time local-hire nurse, who provides first aid, immunizations,
and advice on local medical facilities, staffs the Post Medical Office in the Embassy
building.
Nicosia has specialists in obstetrics; surgery; ear, nose and
throat; urology; orthopedics; and internal medicine. Nicosia has a number of small,
private clinics in which Americans have been hospitalized or delivered babies. Cases
requiring unusual diagnostic facilities may be evacuated to London or the United States.
Medicine and laboratory services can usually be obtained locally. If you require special
medication, however, bring a 6-month supply to post.
Optical care is generally quite good in Cyprus. Most lens
prescriptions can be filled here. If your
prescription is unusually complicated, bring spare glasses. Both hard and soft contact
lenses are available at lower than U.S. prices.
Several good dentists trained in Europe and America practice in
Nicosia. They use modern equipment and are highly recommended by Americans who have been
treated by them. Fees are reasonable.
Community Health
Community and public sanitation standards, although lower than in
the United States, are much higher than in many countries in the area. They may be
compared favorably to those in most countries of southern Europe. Sanitary inspection laws
are not always stringently enforced, however. Except at the top restaurants and markets,
standards of sanitation can be suspect.
Window screening is generally uncommon. Flies and mosquitoes are
common pests and can sometimes interfere with outdoor activities. Garbage is collected
twice weekly. Local health authorities consider the island one of the more healthful areas
of the world because of the infrequency of serious diseases. Although the ordinary
diseases usually found in most countries bordering the Mediterranean do occur here, Cyprus
has no unusual health problems. Some cases of typhoid are reported occasionally.
The Cyprus Government conducts energetic campaigns to encourage immunization of young persons. Pollen and dust during the hot, dry summers can be a source of discomfort to those suffering from hay fever, asthma, allergy to dust or pollen, or from any chronic condition of the upper respiratory system. Rabies is non-existent on the island. However, hydatid disease or echinococcus, attributed to a tapeworm harbored by dogs, occurs among local inhabitants. There are no known cases of Americans having been infected while in Cyprus.
Preventive
Children should have the DPT and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
inoculations.
Several local dairies pasteurize milk, making it safe to drink
without further treatment.
Nicosia's water is treated and considered potable, but is rationed.
Most homes have storage tanks on the roofs, which are a potential source of airborne
disease contamination. For this reason, most kitchen sinks have a third water tap
connected directly to the city main. This water tap should be used for all drinking, ice
making, and vegetable rinsing. Bottled mountain spring water is available in supermarkets
at reasonable prices, or large quantities can be delivered to one's home. See the GSO
Section for the person to contact in your area. The Embassy Nurse recommends that fresh
fruits and vegetables be washed thoroughly, especially when they are eaten raw.
Employment Opportunities for Spouses and Family Members
There are a number of employment opportunities for spouses and
family members within the Mission. Outside of teaching positions for Native-English
speakers or spouses with nursing degrees opportunities for family member employment on the
local economy are limited and salaries are low compared to Western
standards.
Nicosia
Nicosia, estimated combined population 177,000, has been the capital
of Cyprus since the 7th century AD, and is the political and administrative center of the
island. It is located
Nicosia has spread far outside its ancient but still intact city
walls. Modern flats and offices
American Embassy
The
Post and Its Administration
The first U.S. official representative sent to Cyprus was Marino De
Mattei, appointed as consular agent on October 27, 1832. The post was abolished and closed
twice, from 1876 to 1919 and again from 1930 to 1948. It was reopened as a Consulate on
April l2, l948, and elevated to Consulate General in 1958, and upgraded to an Embassy in
1960 when Cyprus gained its independence.
Currently, about 70 Americans and approximately 98 Cypriots and
third-country nationals are on duty at the Mission. The current American Embassy chancery,
and the attached Ambassador's residence, was completed in 1992. The chancery complex is
located at the corner of Ploutarchou and Metochiou Streets, in the Engomi District of
Nicosia. Embassy office hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. A snack bar in
the Embassy serves breakfasts and lunches on workdays.
The Mission promotes U.S. interests in Cyprus and in the region. We
work in support of the United Nations to help resolve the division of Cyprus through
ongoing direct contact with both communities and by sponsoring and encouraging bicommunal
programs and events. On the economic front, we have pursued strict enforcement of
intellectual property rights, assuring a level playing field for American businesses
seeking to do business in Cyprus, and supporting American business using Cyprus as a base
for export to the Middle East or Europe.
When the United States Information
Agency was abolished on October 1, 1999, the USIS American Center in central Nicosia was
closed and its personnel and activities were transferred to the Department of State. A
State Public Affairs Officer (PAO) who serves as the spokesperson for the Mission and
advises the Ambassador on all matters related to the press and cultural affairs heads the
new Public Affairs Section (PAS), located on the second floor of the chancery. The PAO
also oversees the day-to-day operations of the Bicommunal Support Program (BSP) created to
promote contacts between Greek- and Turkish-Cypriots through Embassy-sponsored events and
activities.
Foreign Broadcast Information Service operations are housed in a
secure government-owned complex located about three miles from the Embassy. FBIS monitors
radio and television broadcasts in Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, and Egypt and provides
translations of articles related to U.S. foreign policy interests to its customers,
including to the U.S. Embassy in Cyprus.
USAID reopened its office in Nicosia in 1999 to oversee $10 million
in grants for Cyprus managed through the United Nations Office of Program Services (UNOPS)
program. The AID office is staffed by a locally resident American-citizen contractor who
reports to the Mission Economics officer.
In early 2001, the United States Geological Survey opened a small
office in the chancery to conduct a bicommunal water resources database project in
conjunction with Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot officials and technicians. Currently,
three direct-hire GS employees staff the USGS office. The water database project is
expected to take about two years to complete.
In addition to its bilateral role, the U.S. mission in Cyprus
supports several US government operations with regional responsibilities. The Consular
Section provides a full-range of consular services to the three-to-four thousand American
citizens residing on Cyprus. Approximately
one-third of the nonimmigrant visa applicants are nationals of Iran or Lebanon, and
approximately ninety percent of the immigrant visa applicants are Lebanese. Marine Company
B is resident in Nicosia and is responsible for overseeing and inspecting Marine Security
Guard detachments at embassies in the Middle East and parts of Asia. Other regional
offices hosted by the mission include the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), the Foreign
Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), and the United States Secret Service (USSS) office.
Administrative support for mission activities is provided to all
agencies through the ICASS support staff which consists of six direct-hire Americans,
three part-time American employees, and forty-three foreign national employees. Participating ICASS agencies are able to choose
from a menu of administrative services including: financial management and budget support,
human resources support, health services, general services, information management, and
more. All agencies participating in ICASS are required to share in the costs of the
"basic package" and the Community Liaison Office (CLO). The basic package covers
support costs common to all agencies including diplomatic accreditation to the host
government, licenses and special permits, check-in and check-out procedures, reciprocity
issues, determination of exchange rates, etc. CLO services are available to all members of
the mission and their eligible dependents.
Housing
Temporary Quarters
Post has no temporary quarters and makes every effort to have
newcomers move directly into their assigned housing. At times, newcomers may have to stay
in a hotel for a short period of time. The embassy has an agreement with several hotels
located a short taxi ride from the chancery, to accept the current government lodging
rate.
Permanent Housing
The post operates a Government-furnished housing program, with all
housing under short-term lease. Upon arrival in Cyprus you will receive a copy of the
Housing Handbook.
Housing assignments are made by the Inter-Agency Housing Board and
are based on government regulations and post policies. Incoming personnel are sent a
housing questionnaire by the General Services Office to address housing needs and to
assist the Housing Board in making assignments.
 |
The Ambassador's residence, located on the Embassy grounds, is a
three story U-shaped structure with a front rotunda entrance. The basement affords storage rooms, laundry room, wine cellar, men
and women's locker rooms and servants' quarters. The first floor consists of the formal
entrance, guest restrooms and bedroom, the formal dining room, kitchen and pantry, a
study/office, and a formal living room with fireplace. The second floor contains the
private quarters. There is a master bedroom with sitting room, three bedrooms with private
baths, kitchenette with dumbwaiter service from the main kitchen, TV/living/dining room,
and a hobby room. All rooms are centrally heated/cooled. The residence has its own private
grounds, patio area with gardens and a swimming pool. |
The DCM's house is a two-story structure, containing two living
rooms, den, a dining room, four bedrooms, laundry room, and 2 1/2 bathrooms.
The housing pool contains apartments, semi-detached and single
family homes.
Furnishings
All Government quarters are fully furnished with furniture and
appliances. The post issues each employee a basic set of furniture for a living room,
dining room, den and bedrooms based on family size, as well as a refrigerator, gas stove,
washing machine, dryer, vacuum cleaner, one air conditioner for each occupied bedroom, and
two units for the living areas. Employees must furnish their own linens, china, glassware,
silver, and kitchen utensils, iron and ironing board, etc., but such items are loaned
temporarily to new arrivals as part of the newcomer Hospitality Kits. You will need to
furnish pictures, art objects, special lamps, books, computer, stereo, radio, TV and video
player, small electric appliances, service pieces, and other items of personal taste.
Most housekeeping items are available locally but at prices higher
than in the United States. The climate is no hazard to furniture. Locally made furniture
is good; imported furniture is expensive.
Most houses have sliding windows or French doors, which open,
directly into a room of the house from a patio. Windows in Cyprus are large both in width
and length. Draperies are hung from a traverse rod above the windows, 8 or 9 feet from the
floor; consequently American ready-made draperies may not fit. If money is available,
newly arrived employees are provided a curtain allowance, in accordance with the Mission
Housing Policy. Most bedroom windows also have shutters that either roll up or swing out
to the side. Floors in kitchens, bathrooms, halls, corridors, and
Utilities and Equipment
All houses leased for American employees have modern plumbing and
are centrally heated.
The electricity is 24O volt, 50-cycle, single or 3-phase AC, and is
very stable. Although the voltage actually supplied varies from 22Ov to 24Ov in different
areas of the city, 220v appliances can be used safely.
Food
Local food shops are well stocked with domestic products and imports
from Great Britain, Western Europe, and limited items from the United States. Imported
items are more expensive than comparable items in the United States.
Beef, veal, pork, mutton, lamb, and chicken are always available.
Domestic meats are sold freshly butchered. Since meat is not graded, careful selection of
cuts is necessary. Fresh fish is surprisingly
limited in supply; mullet, sea bass, swordfish and squid are the principal varieties on
the market.
Frozen fish, shrimp and cod, as well as canned seafood such as oil
or water-packed tuna, salmon and mussels are sold. Trout farms in the Troodos Mountains
produce fresh and smoked fish, which is sold in stores in the city. There are numerous
fish taverns and restaurants, which offer both domestic and imported fish. Imported butter
and margarine are stocked, as are fresh, powdered, evaporated, and condensed milk, and
fresh cream. Pasteurized fresh milk is
readily obtainable. Domestic olive oil is of good quality and not expensive. Cyprus
cheeses, in most cases from goat's milk, are popular with Americans. English and Irish
Cheddar and English Stilton are good but expensive. Imported French cheeses are expensive.
Fruits are varied, delicious, and reasonably priced in season.
Cyprus grows an abundant winter-long supply of oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons,
and, to a lesser extent, avocados and apples. During the long summer, a variety of fresh
fruit is available, such as
Good stocks of spinach, lettuce, cabbage, green beans, broad beans,
chard, carrots, broccoli, mushrooms, celery, and green peppers are usually available.
Eggplant and artichokes in season are abundant and inexpensive. Asparagus is available in season but is expensive. Onions, tomatoes, summer squash, zucchini, and
potatoes are almost always available. Various fresh herbs and prepared spices are also
sold. American made spices such as Durkee and McCormick are available but expensive.
The American Embassy Employees Association (AEEA) was officially
established in February 1991. The AEEA is responsible for oversight of the commissary, the
snack bar, the Karavas houses (located in northern Cyprus), and provides other services,
such as the sale of traveler's checks.
The commissary opened in May 1991 with a very limited stock that
includes many previously unavailable or expensive American food items. Prices are
considerably higher than they are in the US. The commissary shipments are infrequent and
therefore not all-regular items are in stock. The commissary stocks a limited variety of
basic pantry items and dry goods. It is not a traditional commissary, and items quickly
sell out. Many families use netgrocer.com for purchasing traditional items.
Clothing
Cypriots with whom you are likely to associate, either officially or
socially, dress well. Most Cypriot women prefer to be fashionably dressed. Cypriot men
follow British custom in business dress and casual attire. Many families in the mission
order women's, men's, and children's clothing from U.S. mail order catalogs. Clothing
items can be purchased locally, but the quality may not meet the standards that Americans
Women. A normal year-round wardrobe, with perhaps fewer
winter and more summer clothes, will do. Women wear either spring coats, blazers, and
topcoats or light winter coats throughout the winter. Although some Cypriot women wear fur
coats, there are no reliable fur storage facilities here. Lightweight dresses are needed
in summer; daytime dresses with the slightest shoulder cover are acceptable. Imports from
Europe are usually up-to-date but expensive.
Women rarely have occasion to wear long dresses at representational
functions, but they find several cocktail-type dresses are useful. Women almost never wear
hats. Pantyhose are sold in a range of qualities. Maternity shops sell a wide range of
items comparable to similar shops in the United States but are expensive and quality may
not meet the standards of those of the States.
Bathing suits and beach accessories can be purchased locally. Shoes
produced locally are plentiful but can be more expensive than those made in the
States.
Shoes are also imported from Europe. Quality ranges from fine to poor; styles are current.
Good quality leather goods are made here.
Men. Men wear cotton or wool suits all year round. Sweaters
or jackets are useful in the winter. Suits
made of washable cotton or cotton-synthetic mixtures are the most practical for summer.
Short sleeved shirts are also worn in the summer months. In summer, shorts are worn at
home, for sports, and on informal social occasions. Men's custom-made business suits of
fine British worsteds, are moderately expensive. Factory-made suits are cheaper, but are
not always well tailored. A variety of shirts, neckties, socks and underwear are available
at fairly reasonable prices. There are good quality shoes available, but they are
expensive. Men needing wider or narrower than average sizes may have difficulty being
fitted. For most evening social events, a dark suit is fine. Men rarely require
"black tie" evening dress.
Children. Fine cotton or woolen fabrics cost more here than
in the U.S. and the selection is limited. Children
need warm indoor clothing and nightwear because houses and tile floors may be chilly.
Clothing, shoes, and accessories for infants are much more expensive than in the United
States, but all necessary items are obtainable here. However, local cribs, playpens and
car seats do not meet U.S. safety standards. Employees may wish to bring these items from
the United States. Linens for U.S. size cribs are not available here.
Supplies and Services
Among the better known cosmetics sold on the island are Clinique,
Elizabeth Arden, Estée Lauder, Revlon, Helena Rubenstein, Lancome and Lancaster. American
brands sold here are not made in the United States and are not always of the same quality.
Cosmetics are more expensive here than in the United States.
Hardware supplies, paints, cooking utensils, general repair items,
and full-length decorative mirrors are available in Nicosia at reasonable cost. Bed linens
are available locally in U.S. and European sizes, however, they are expensive. Permanent
press and pure linen fabrics are also available, at a variety of prices. Pattern
selections are limited. Local
hand-embroidered table linens are well made, attractive, and well worth the price.
Imported Christmas tree decorations, lights and greeting cards are
sold in the shops but are expensive and of mediocre quality. Most people prefer to buy
greeting cards through mail order catalogs. Natural Christmas trees are sold, but the
species of trees are not the same as what you could select in the States. Artificial trees
are expensive if purchased locally. Toy shops are well stocked at all seasons with
merchandise imported from Great Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States. They are
higher priced and of lower quality than toys sold in the United States. A limited number
of U.S. brand toys are available, such as Fisher Price and Little Tykes, but at two to
three times U.S. prices. Therefore, you may
wish to bring a supply for future birthdays and Christmas gifts.
Retail markets carry a good selection of very reasonably priced
local wines and liquors. Imported liquors are
expensive. A Duty-Free shop is available to Diplomatic List personnel. Duty-free liquor
and cigarettes are available through the Embassy commissary for all Mission personnel.
Local pharmacies, open daily until 23h00 (no pharmacies
are open 24 hours), carry complete stocks of medical supplies and drugs, including
children's pharmaceuticals. These items are normally British brand name pharmaceuticals.
Please note that children's chewables are not available. Many people set up
mail order prescriptions with their insurance companies. Drugstore.com is also
used for obtaining basic pharmaceutical needs at lower cost.
Basic Services
Good quality shoe repair and dry cleaning services are available and
moderately priced. Although laundries do
acceptable work, they are expensive and most people at post do their laundry at home. For
convenience, a dry cleaning company picks up and delivers your dry cleaning through the
Embassy receptionist. You will find a good choice of barber and beauty shops.
Domestic Help
Some American families employ Cypriot or foreign domestic employees
primarily to clean the house two or three times a week for approximately six hours each
day from morning to early afternoon. Foreign domestic employees often come from the
Philippines, Sri Lanka, or various African countries. In these cases, the employer has to
comply with immigration requirements, i.e. obtain visa and work permits. These domestic
employees are normally hired for full-time work, to include house cleaning, baby-sitting,
cooking, etc. Wages are approximately as follows:
One Cypriot Pound = $1.60 (approximately)
General Maids
Daily CP 12.00 -
Monthly CP 200.00
Cooks
Monthly CP 400.00 - CP 450.00.
Baby-sitters
Gardeners
Bartenders/Waiters
Per party CP 15.00 - CP 25.00
The rates vary according to skill, age, length of service, etc. In
theory, live-in domestic employees should receive less than others because they receive
food, clothing, and partial medical care. However, it is not always possible to apply
this, as live-ins are not readily available.
The Cyprus Department of Labor stipulates that payments to the
Social Insurance Scheme, which provides accident, health, and pension benefits, be shared
by the employer and any domestic employee who works 8 hours a week or more. The employer's
share is nominal.
If a servant is under 18 years old, the employer legally assumes
some degree of parental responsibility in matters of behavior and general well being.
Employment of female servants less than 18 years must be reported to the Department of
Labor.
Embassy personnel usually give servants an extra month's salary
sometime during the year, often around Christmas time or split between Christmas and
Easter. Employees, by Government of Cyprus law, are also eligible to receive a minimum
period of 15 working days annual leave per a 50-week work year.
Religious Activities
The principal Christian religion of Cyprus is Greek Orthodox. The
Turkish Cypriot community is predominately Sunni Moslem.
The following churches conduct services in English and are attended
by the American and other communities: Nicosia Community Church (Interdenominational
Protestant), St. Paul's Anglican Church, Holy Cross Roman Catholic Church, Seventh Day
Adventist Church, Interdenominational Congregation (Russian Cultural Center Building), The
Church of Jesus Christ (L.D.S.) There is also a Roman Catholic mass available at the UN
chapel on Saturdays at 18h00. Protestant services there are at 09h00 Sunday mornings.
Services in Nicosia can be difficult to understand due to the translations.
Even though the Jewish community numbers about 200, a synagogue has
not been established. In Nicosia, services celebrating Jewish high holidays are held at
the Israeli Embassy.
There are other church services, both Protestant and Catholic, on
the UN base.
Education
Family Member Education
The schools and curriculums change, therefore it is advisable to
check the many options prior to arrival at post. Post includes information about the
schools in the "Welcome" kit, once an assignment has been made. All schools
require winter and summer uniforms. Prices of
uniforms are higher than what you would pay in the States and are of less desirable
quality. School calendars are similar to that of the States beginning in late August or
September until the middle of June. Schools break for Christmas holidays for about 3 weeks
and also have an extended spring break. Schools hire private bus companies to provide
transportation to and
The following list mentions several schools that are English-speaking and have both Greek Cypriot and international
students.
Highgate Primary School. The Highgate Primary School is a British
school, offering programs for children aged two to eleven. The school has special programs
for gifted learners and children with learning disabilities. Some grades have a waiting
list.
School address:
Highgate Primary School
25-27 Heroes Avenue
Ayios Andreas, Nicosia.
Maria Theocari, Headmistress.
E-mail: highprima@
357-22-780-527
American International School in Cyprus.
School address:
The American International School in Cyprus
11 Kassos St.
PO Box 23847
1686 Nicosia, Cyprus
The Falcon School.
School address:
The Falcon School
PO Box 23640
Nicosia, Cyprus
Mr. Nicholas Ierides, Director
E-mail: falconsc@
357-22-424-781
The Junior School.
School address:
The Junior School
PO Box 23903
Nicosia, Cyprus
Joyce Grimley, Headmistress
E-mail: jun_sch@spidernet.com.cy
357-22-664-855
Opportunities for adult family member education also exist. In
addition to the universities previously mentioned, family members have attended
Intercollege, which offers Bachelors and Masters Degrees in a variety of fields. Several
family members have also taken language courses locally.
Post Orientation Program
New arrivals receive "Welcome to Cyprus" kits which
provides a profile of the history and organization of the U.S. Mission; descriptions of
Cyprus history, places of interest, culture, and religion; and advice on hotels, dining,
shopping, and entertainment. In addition, post check-in procedures direct new arrivals to
various offices of the Embassy for interviews and orientation. The Embassy's
Administrative Section offers guidance on personal adjustment through an active Community
Liaison Office. An orientation program is also offered once a year for new arrivals and
provides an overview of U.S. objectives in Cyprus from all Mission sections and agencies
represented at post, as well as practical information on settling down in Cyprus.
Recreation and Social Life
Sports
Beaches can easily be reached from Nicosia by private car. Bus
transportation to the beaches is available, and "service taxis" may be shared at
a nominal cost. Taxi service between Nicosia and other cities on the island is regularly
available. Sports equipment and clothing of all kinds are available but expensive.
Swimming. The proximity of the sea, and the very hot summers, drive
most people in Cyprus to the water. The Southern Coast is less than an hour away from
Nicosia and has good beaches. It is also
possible to join sports clubs or health clubs at some hotels in Nicosia, which includes
use of their swimming pools. Competitive swimming is not available. The Embassy also has
two guest-houses in northern Cyprus near the beach, which may be rented for week-ends and
overnight stays.
Scuba Diving. The British bases have active scuba
clubs, and private facilities are also available. Scuba tanks and equipment
can be rented and filled locally, but if you have your own, bring them. Additional
equipment may be purchased locally or through the FPO.
Sailing. Members of the U.S. Mission may join the sailing club on
the British Sovereign Base at Dhekelia. The cost of membership in the club is very
reasonable and members who are qualified sailors may use the club's small sail-boats at no
additional charge.
Water Skiing. Water skiing is becoming more popular in Cyprus. It is
best at Larnaca (45 minutes from Nicosia), but the sea is sometimes very choppy. Water
skis are sold in Cyprus but at prices higher than in the United States.
Horseback Riding. Private lessons are available at local stables. A
hard hat and riding boots are required.
Windsurfing. One of the most challenging and interesting sports in
Cyprus is windsurfing. There are numerous beaches around the island with suitable
conditions. Windsurfing is a good family
sport. It is easily learned and requires few facilities.
Equipment is available locally, but at prices higher than in the United States.
Skiing. Snow skiing in Cyprus has developed in recent years. Simple
skiing is done from the beginning of January to the end of March on the slopes of Mount
Olympus, a one and one-half hour drive from Nicosia. Several short trails, one of which is
groomed, are available for cross-country skiing.
The Cyprus Ski Club, located at Mount Olympus, offers the following
facilities: permanent and temporary memberships, four electrically driven
"T"-bar ski lifts, a
Golf. Golf courses are an environmental issue due to the large
amounts of water they consume. There are two regulation eighteen hole golf courses in
Cyprus, both in the Southwestern corner of the island near Paphos, about an hour and a
half drive from Nicosia. Both are decent courses and located in scenic areas. The greens
fee is approximately $40-$50 US per round, depending on the exchange rate.
Tennis. Tennis is popular and facilities are good, but you have to
be a member of a club to use them. Periodic tournaments are held at local clubs.
Fishing. Although fish are extremely scarce in the coastal waters,
fishing with spear and snorkel can be most interesting. At some distance from the coast,
there is good deep-sea fishing; boats can be rented. Shoreline fishing would not satisfy
the serious angler. There is no river or stream fishing, but shoreline fishing in some
reservoirs has been reported to be good.
Gymnasiums. Several well-equipped gyms, offering both weightlifting
and aerobics programs, are present and have reasonable prices.
Spectator Sports
Horseracing. The Nicosia horseracing season is nearly year round.
Associate membership is open to Americans for a modest fee. The track has photo finish and
an automatic tote board.
Basketball. There are several American basketball players on teams
here in Cyprus. Local as well as visiting
teams are popular.
Soccer. There are four divisions of soccer teams playing all over
the island. Soccer is the most popular sport
among Cypriots.
Touring
and Outdoor Activities
Picnics, sightseeing, and camping are popular pastimes in Cyprus. A
wide variety of old castles, monasteries, and ancient ruins are available to be explored.
Embassy personnel with diplomatic or official passports and their
spouses and family members may enter the Turkish Cypriot controlled sector through the
Nicosia checkpoint or the checkpoint on the Eastern side of the island. Military areas are off-limits, but travel in the
North is otherwise unrestricted. Check with the Political Section before travel, to ensure
the area you plan to visit is open.
Kyrenia lies 16 miles north of Nicosia. A 7th century Byzantine
castle, which also served the Venetians in the 15th century, overlooks the picturesque
harbor. There are three castles on the Kyrenia Mountain Range which provide a beautiful
view of the northern coast of Cyprus.
Famagusta, once one of the main port cities of Cyprus, is about 40
miles east of Nicosia on Famagusta Bay. Its center is in a well-preserved Venetian
To the north of Famagusta is the biblical port of Salamis where St.
Paul entered Cyprus on his evangelical tour. Most of this ancient port is now submerged
and the site offers a challenge to the snorkeler who might be interested in underwater
archaeology.
Larnaca is an active seaport located on Larnaca Bay about 30 miles
southeast of Nicosia. Its salt lake is a
winter haven for large flocks of flamingos. There is a monastery, churches and museums
located in and around Larnaca.
Limassol lies approximately 50 miles southwest of Nicosia on
Akrotiri Bay. Seven miles west of Limassol is the tower of Kolossi built in the 15th
Century
Paphos, off whose shores legend says Aphrodite rose from the sea
foam, lies on the West Coast.
The scenic route to Paphos from Nicosia along the south shore
comprises the grand tour of many of the archaeological high spots in Cyprus. The
"Fontana Amorosa" (Love's Spring), in northern Paphos, was a source of poetic
inspiration during the classical age. It was said that whoever drank from it would fall in
love. The cool, pine-forested Troodos Mountains, a 90-minute drive from
Archaeological Sites. The
numerous archaeological sites on Cyprus are nearly all open to the public. All digs are
under the jurisdiction and supervision of the Cyprus Department of Antiquities, and
expeditions from other nations are often at work there. Some sites charge a nominal
entrance fee; at others, you may wander at will, picnic on or near the site, and enjoy a
freedom unknown at archaeological sites in other countries. Guidebooks available in Cyprus
and brochures published by the Cyprus Museum give details of all the antiquities.
Entertainment
Most cinemas in Nicosia are air-conditioned. They generally show
first-run U.S. or British films. Admission is reasonably priced.
The Nicosia Municipal Theater has operas, concerts, plays and
ballets.
Cyprus has a permanent, Government-sponsored national theater whose
repertory consists of international and Greek plays, the vast majority performed in Greek.
There are also private theatrical companies with a similar repertory. No opera or
professional symphony orchestra exists, but occasionally foreign concert artists, symphony
orchestras, or popular music ensembles visit the island.
Nightclub entertainment exists with a number of popular
discotheques. Nightclubs are typically very crowded and smoke-filled. Most Cypriots don't
begin to arrive at the clubs until around midnight or later.
In addition to the restaurants offering standard and European
cooking and atmosphere, less expensive and simpler tavernas serve Cypriot dishes, as well
as those typical of the Near East. Most Americans like Cypriot food. It is important to
keep in mind that Cypriots are on an eating schedule different than the typical American.
Lunch is usually eaten between 13h30 and 14h30, with dinner beginning as late as 22h00.
The dearth of good entertainment from outside the island has brought
about a reliance on home entertainment. Most Americans entertain small groups of their
friends and colleagues at home. The social obligations of most employees are not
burdensome.
Most types of photographic film are sold locally, although it is
rather expensive. Facilities for developing
and printing black-and-white and color film are adequate for all but color slides. Camera
and photographic equipment sold in local shops is reasonably priced. The amateur
photographer will find interesting subject matter in the varied landscape and local color
of the island. During seven or eight months of the year, light conditions are excellent.
Families with children are advised to bring additional games,
crafts, videos, etc. for their entertainment. It might also be a good idea to bring a
supply of toys, etc. to use as birthday gifts or for other occasions.
Social Activities
The American Women's Club is an active body open to all women in
Cyprus. Its purpose is to promote friendship among American, Cypriot, and other foreign
women. It sponsors monthly programs of interest to the membership and organizes parties
and fund-raising activities for charity. Activities include informal discussion groups,
craft demonstrations, cooking classes, and tours to archaeological sites. This group is
active in welcoming new arrivals, providing information on local shopping, sightseeing,
schools, and any additional information helpful to settling in.
Official
Functions
Nature of Functions
Formal events are rare and most official functions are semi-formal
or informal. Senior officers should anticipate an active social schedule of cocktail
parties, buffet and sit-down dinners. Mission officers and staff are regularly invited to
attend representational events hosted by the Ambassador and senior officers of the
Mission. Men normally wear business suits for those events, while women may choose to wear
business suits, cocktail dresses, or dressy pantsuits. Lighter-weight attire is
recommended for attending events during the hot Cyprus summers.
Standards of Social
Official calls are more limited than at many other posts.
Officers and spouses should bring about 100 business cards.
Additional cards, either printed or engraved, may be purchased locally. Informals and
invitations are widely used in Cyprus and can be obtained in Nicosia.
Special
Information
Not all sections of the post report will pertain to military
personnel assigned to Cyprus. The post report can serve as a good source of general
information, but military personnel should correspond directly with their prospective
commands and their sponsors for more definitive information concerning their assignments,
housing, medical and dental care, importation of privately owned vehicles, etc.
Defense Attaché's Office
The Defense Attaché's Office consists of the U.S. Defense and Army
Attaché, Assistant Army Attaché, Operations Coordinator, and Secretary. The USDAO
offices are located in the Embassy.
A member of the Embassy will be designated as sponsor for all newly
assigned personnel and will provide additional and current information to supplement this
post report. With the few exceptions outlined below, this post report applies equally to
USDAO personnel.
Housing. The Defense Attaché, the Assistant Army Attaché, and the
Operations occupy government-leased housing. Complete information regarding the leased
housing is available at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DO-4B) in Washington, DC.
Household Effects. Newly assigned personnel should carefully study
the housing information on file in the DIA. Fairly complete household equipment and
furnishings are presently available, and only limited personal items are required. USDAO
personnel are authorized to ship only 35% of their normal weight allowance for this
assignment, but this is adequate if duplication of government-issued items is avoided.
Uniforms and Clothing. The post report section on clothing is, in
general, applicable to members of the USDAO. The
social activities USDAO personnel are involved in are often based on individual
preferences, and although the DATT and AARMA and their spouses have obligations which do
require formal and evening clothes, staff personnel and spouses need not make large
expenditures for such clothing specifically for a Cyprus assignment.
Marine Security Guards
All members of the MSG detachment are provided with furnished living
quarters. Marines wear uniforms only on duty and on formal occasions such as the annual
Marine Corps Ball. The Department of State provides Marines with a civilian clothing
allowance prior to their departure from the U.S. For further information, see the annual
Marine post report for Nicosia.
Notes for Travelers
Getting to the Post
The only significant consideration concerning transportation to
Nicosia is that official U.S. travelers must arrive at the airports or seaports found in
the Government of Cyprus-controlled area. USG employees are forbidden from entering via
ports in Turkish-controlled Northern Cyprus.
Arrival in Cyprus
Employees arriving in Nicosia are normally met and assisted by a
volunteer sponsor. Personnel should provide
notice of arrival to the Embassy administrative officer and CLO as far in advance as
possible providing contact information, including telephone numbers and an e-mail address,
if one is available. Persons arriving by sea should also make every effort to insure that
the Embassy receives arrival notices well in advance, as customs formalities are sometimes
quite lengthy. During working hours, the Travel Unit of the Embassy can be reached by
telephone at 357-22-776-400, ext. 2050. After office hours, the U.S. Marine Guard on duty
at Post One can be reached by telephone at 357-22-776-934. The Marine Guard can furnish the
name and telephone number of the duty officer, if required. Taxi service is available at
both the airport and seaports. Normally,
hotel reservations are easily obtained in Nicosia. The CLO or the Administrative Section
can provide information about the hotels commonly used and answer questions as to whether
or not lodging costs are covered by per diem.
Shipments of household effects destined for Cyprus need no special
markings or documentation. Shipments are cleared through customs duty-free. Shipments for all personnel should be addressed to
the American Embassy, Nicosia, Cyprus, and have the employee's name at the end of the
address. Unaccompanied airfreight usually arrives in about 15 days of the shipment date
and household effects coming from the U.S. can be expected to arrive within three months
of shipment date.
Military personnel should contact their gaining office at post upon
receiving assignment orders. Military shipping offices are often not familiar with
shipping goods to Cyprus and it is important to coordinate with post's shipping office to
ensure timely delivery of household goods.
Shipments for DEA personnel differ from post policy. Therefore, DEA
personnel should contact DEA Headquarters, Transportation Section, for relevant
instructions. DEA regulations prohibit the Embassy from being addressed as consignee.
Unloading methods in Limassol port make it mandatory that household
goods consigned to Nicosia be packed in well-made, banded, waterproof wooden cases. Do not
use paper crates or cartons because they may not be strong enough to withstand the
handling received when goods are transferred from ship to pier.
Pilferage of household effects is uncommon while in transit through
Cyprus ports. Breakage of items on incoming
ships has been minimal; nevertheless, insuring both incoming and outgoing shipments is
wise. Local insurance agents will cover outgoing shipments with policies providing for
payment of claims in U.S. dollars.
See the section on TRANSPORTATION concerning the shipment of
automobiles to Cyprus.
The embassy has a contract with a local vendor for packing and
shipping. Persons who own unusually valuable, delicate, or fragile objects are advised to
have such items specially packed to minimize the chance of breakage while en-route to
post. Homes have very limited storage space and no storage is provided by the embassy.
Personal property, imported duty-free, may be sold only after
customs duty has been assessed by the Collector of Customs and is paid by the owner,
unless the property is being sold to another privileged employee.
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Customs and Duties
All U.S. Government personnel are entitled to the free entry of an
initial shipment of household and personal effects, (including consumable items shipped in
your household effects), brought in for their personal use.
Personnel on the diplomatic list may make duty-free purchases in
country at any time during their tour. Staff members of the mission can make duty-free
purchases only during the first three months of their tour.
The Cyprus Government carefully controls the exportation of
antiquities. Before such items can be removed from the island, an export authorization
must be obtained from the office of the Department of Antiquities at the Cyprus Museum.
Passage
No U.S. citizen needs a visa to enter Cyprus. Employees coming to
Cyprus on permanent assignment, however, should have their passports amended or should
carry a letter issued by the Department of State or by the Foreign Service post to which
they were last assigned showing that they are proceeding to Cyprus on official business. After arrival, the employee should ask the
Consular Section to obtain a visa to authorize residence in Cyprus for as long as the U.S.
Government employs him or her at the post. Employees and family members should bring six
passport-size photos with them.
Pets
Cyprus has a six-month quarantine period for all animals entering
the country. Pets are released to the owner for home quarantine upon arrival at the
airport. The GSO driver and your sponsor will assist you getting your pets through
customs.
An import license is required prior to the pet's arrival in country.
The following information must be forwarded to the GSO in advance to prepare the necessary
documents: type of pet, breed, age, color, and sex. In addition, it is recommended to
carry the pet's shot records and health certificates to have available at the airport.
The cost of inspection fees, per animal, at the airport and home
quarantine is currently:
Arrival inspection fee: CYP 25 during normal working hours and CYP
35 from 5 p.m. to 11 p.m. After 11 p.m. the
animal must remain at the airport overnight and be picked-up the following morning.
Home quarantine fee: CYP 125.
Firearms and Ammunition
Importation of firearms is prohibited. All inquiries should be
directed to the RSO.
Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures
The unit of currency on the island is the Cyprus pound which is
divided into 100 cents. Currency notes are
issued in denominations of CYP 20, 10, 5, and 1. Coins
are minted in the value of CYP .50, .20, .10, .05, .02, and .01. Adequate Cypriot banks are on the island. The Cyprus pound trades at around $1.60 (March
2001) and is well backed by foreign exchange. In
the north, although the Cyprus pound and U.S. dollar are accepted in most places, the
Turkish lira (TL) has been the de-facto medium of exchange since 1975.
Commercial banking is well developed.
Personal checks drawn on dollar accounts may be cashed at the Embassy Bank, and
only in cases of emergencies at the Cashier's Office. Travelers' checks may be purchased
from the Embassy Bank. All personnel should
maintain a checking account with a U.S. bank. Salaries
of Department of State and all other agency personnel are deposited directly to employee's
personal bank accounts.
The metric system is now in common use in Cyprus, though more
traditional forms of measurement are still encountered.
Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property
U.S. Government personnel assigned to Cyprus do not pay Cyprus
income taxes, however they do pay a VAT tax currently at 10%.
Local Holidays
The following is a chronological list of the holidays celebrated by
the Republic of Cyprus (not all of which are observed by the Embassy):
Greek Community Holidays:
January 1 (New Year's)
January 6 (Epiphany Day)
Variable (Clean Monday) (Beginning of Greek Orthodox Lent)
March 25 (Greek Independence Day)
Variable (Good Friday)
Variable (Holy Saturday)
Variable (Easter Monday)
May 1 (Labor Day)
June 20 (Holy Spirit Day)
August 15 (Assumption Day)
October 1 (Cyprus Independence Day)
October 28 (Ohi Day)
December 24 (Christmas Eve)
December 25 (Christmas Day)
December 26 (Boxing Day)
In addition to mutual holidays on January 1 (New Year's) and May 1
(Labor Day), the Turkish Cypriot community celebrates the following holidays:
April 23 (Opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly)
May 19 (Turkish Youth Day)
Variable (Ramazan Bayram)
July 2O (Turkish Landing in 1974)
August 30 (Turkish Victory Day)
Variable (Kurban Bayram)
October 29 (Turkish Republic Day)
Variable (Birthday of the Prophet)
Recommended Reading
Alastos, D., Cyprus in
History, a Survey of 5000 Years
Arnold, Percy, Cyprus
Challenge, London, 1956
Attalides, Michael, Cyprus,
Nationalism and International Politics
Balfour, Patrick, The
Orphaned Realm, London, 1951
Ball, George, Chapter
on Cyprus from George Ball's Memoirs
Borowiec, Andrew, The
Mediterranean Feud, New York, 1983
Clerides, Glafkos, My
Deposition, London, 1988
Crawshaw, Nancy, The
Cyprus Revolt
Denktash, Rauf, Cyprus
Triangle, London, 1982
Durrell, Lawrence, Bitter
Lemons, New York, 1957
Foley, Charles, Island
in Revolt, Legacy of Strike
Foley, Charles, The
Memoirs of Cyprus (four volumes)
Hitchens, Christofer, Cyprus:
Hostage to History
Keshishian, K., Romantic
Cyprus
Kyriakides, Stanley, Cyprus: Constitutionalism and Crisis in Government
Luke, Sir Harry, Cyprus: A Portrait and Appreciation
Polyviou, P., Cyprus:
Conflict and Negotiation, 1960-1980
Polyviou, P., Cyprus in
Search of a Constitution
Polyviou, P., Cyprus,
The Tragedy and the Challenge
Reddaway, John, Burdened
with Cyprus
Zavallis Press, Aphrodite's Realm
Recommended
Cyprus Government: http://www.pio.gov.cy/
CIA Factbook – Cyprus: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cy.html
Cyprus Car Hire: http://www.byprus-car-hire.com/
Hertz Cyprus: http://www.hertz.com.cy/
Windflower Car Rentals: http://www.windflower.com.cy/
Kopiaste Travel: http://www.cyprustourism.org/
Cyprus Guide: http://www.cyprushotels.com/
Cyprus Tourism Newspaper: http://www.logosnet.com.cy/v-tourist/cy-tourism/
North Cyprus: http://www.north-cyprus.com/
Nicosia – Oralia Travel & Tours: http://www.oralia.com.cy/
Paphos – Memodays Travel: http://www.cyprus-net.com/memodays/
Akamas Natural Trails: http://www.cosmosnet.net/azias/cyprus/akamas.html
Food Guide for Cyprus: http://www.cosmosnet.net/azias/cyprus/taverna.html
Cyprus Stock Exchange: http://www.cse.com.cy/
Central Bank of Cyprus: http://www.centralbank.gov.cy/
Cyprus and European Union Accession Negotiations: http://www.cyprus-eu.org.cy/
Cyprus Property Net: http://www.cyprus-property.net/
Kyprios-Net: www.kypros.org
Cyprus Index: www.kypros.org/Eureka
Cyprus Search: www.searchcyprus.com
Cyprus Weekly Newspaper: www.cyprusweekly.com.cy
Cyprus Mail Newspaper: www.cyprusmail.com
Spidernet Internet Service Provider: www.spidernet.net
Cypnet Internet Service Provider: www.cypnet.com
U.S. Embassy: www.americanembassy.org.cy