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1. The Relationship between Monogamous/Polygamous Family Structure and the Mental Health of Bedouin Arab Adolescents (EJ756880)
Author(s):
Elbedour, S.; Bart, William; Hektner, Joel
Source:
Journal of Adolescence, v30 n2 p213-230 Apr 2007
Pub Date:
2007-04-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Family Environment; Adolescents; Arabs; Family Structure; Mental Health; Children; Check Lists; Child Behavior; Cultural Influences
Abstract: Previous studies of polygamy and child mental health have primarily focused on younger children. The present studies are among the first to focus on adolescents. The first study involved 210 randomly selected Bedouin Arab adolescents (mean age 15.9), who were administered instruments assessing their family environment and mental health. The second study involved 182 Bedouin Arab adolescents in which the student participants completed a single instrument about themselves and in which the teachers of the students completed the Teachers' Report Form of the Child Behaviour Checklist by Achenbach. The Bedouin Arab adolescents fell into two groups: (a) adolescents in monogamous family structures and (b) adolescents in polygamous family structures. The findings of the first study suggest that the two groups did not differ significantly in the majority of the assessed variables, even though there were significant differences obtained between groups for 4 of the 13 assessed variables. The two groups did not differ significantly in the second study. Results were discussed in terms of their cultural and developmental significance. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. The Scope of Sexual, Physical, and Psychological Abuse in a Bedouin-Arab Community of Female Adolescents: The Interplay of Racism, Urbanization, Polygamy, Family Honor, and the Social Marginalization of Women (EJ732098)
Elbedour, Salman; Abu-Bader, Soleman; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Abu-Rabia, Aref; El-Aassam, Salman
Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, v30 n3 p215-229 Mar 2006
2006-03-00
Descriptors: Females; Adolescents; High School Students; Arabs; Sexual Abuse; Child Abuse; Antisocial Behavior; Foreign Countries
Abstract: Objectives: This is an exploratory study of the abuse--especially sexual--of female adolescents in a conservative and traditional Bedouin-Arab community in southern Israel. The objectives were (1) to examine the rate of sexual abuse, (2) to examine the rate of physical and psychological abuse, and (3) to develop regression models to predict these forms of abuse. Methods: A self-administered survey that measured demographic characteristics and psychological abuse was distributed to 217 female high-school students (aged 14-18 years). Sexual and physical abuse were measured via the Finkelhor's scale [Finkelhor, D. (1979). "Sexually victimized children." New York: Free Press]. Results: Sixty-nine percent of the participants (n=149) reported no sexual abuse experiences, 16% reported one or two experiences, 11% reported three or four, and 4% reported more than four. Most participants indicated that they had been physically abused at least once by their father (37.1%), mother (43.7%), or siblings (44%) during the previous month. More than 50% of the participants reported being psychologically abused by members of their immediate families. Mother's age and closeness to mother significantly predicted physical abuse, and marital satisfaction and mother's age significantly predicted psychological abuse. Conclusion: This study addresses a topic that has never before been fully investigated--the maltreatment of females in a conservative, tribal Arab community. Although this was an exploratory study, the results attest that female abuse is a serious social problem in this community, and that the rate of abuse exceeds that of other Palestinian groups. These findings demonstrate an immediate need for professional intervention and prevention to address this problem. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Culture, Gender and Growth. Policy Insights, No. 15 (ED503925)
Jutting, Johannes; Morrisson, Christian
OECD Publishing
2005-10-00
Reports - Evaluative
N/A
Descriptors: Females; Foreign Countries; Womens Education; Gender Discrimination; Gender Bias; Developing Nations; Barriers; Cultural Influences; Social Change; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Social Attitudes; Legislation; Religion; Economic Development; Poverty; Financial Support; Access to Education; Religious Factors; Public Opinion; Socioeconomic Influences
Abstract: While the overall picture for gender equality is still gloomy, recent changes in family institutions in some countries provide an enlightening example. Developing countries are starting to reform cultural barriers to gender equality that limit their growth prospects. Morocco, Algeria, Egypt and some states of India are some examples of countries that are trying to reform institutional frameworks that limit women's participation in the labour force and their education and training. They are thus enhancing their growth prospects. They are clearly right to do so, but what obstacles do they face? How can donors support this very much needed change? Within the overall institutional setting, social institutions and cultural practices--i.e. laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct--are often the main sources of persisting discrimination against women in developing countries. Examples include polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, obstacles to free movement and early, family-imposed marriages of teenagers. This "Policy Insights" discusses important related regional disparities; explains how all dominant religions allow for flexibility; explores the reasons for the persistence of gender discriminating cultural practices and social norms when gender equality is good for growth, economic development and poverty reduction; and demonstrates how the role of donors can achieve changes. (Contains 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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4. Changing Social Institutions to Improve the Status of Women in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Policy Brief No. 27 (ED503979)
Jutting, Johannes: Morrisson, Christian
2005-00-00
Opinion Papers; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Empowerment; Freedom; Females; Foreign Countries; Womens Education; Gender Discrimination; Developing Nations; Gender Issues; Civil Rights; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Economic Factors; Barriers; Social Discrimination; Public Policy; Feminism; Social Change; Social Attitudes; Cultural Influences; Access to Education; Equal Education; Change Strategies
Abstract: One of the long-standing priorities of the international community is to reduce gender disparity in developing countries. Yet, the overall picture is still gloomy: women continue to be excluded from access to resources and employment and are denied basic human rights. This Policy Brief explains why progress has been so minimal and what should be done about it. Recent Development Centre research (Morrisson and Jutting, 2004, 2005; Morrisson and Friedrich, 2004) has shown the institutional framework as key to understanding the economic role of women in developing countries, yet this framework has not received the attention it deserves. This Policy Brief summarises the lessons from this and other research to answer three questions. First, why are social institutions so important for gender equality? Second, what obstacles impede reforms of discriminatory social institutions, and why is progress so limited? Third, what policy lessons emerge for donors? Feminist studies emphasised the major role of institutions for gender inequality early and repeatedly (Elson, 1991; Marchand and Parpart, 1995; Parpart, 1993). They argued that patriarchal structures perpetuate gender inequality. To overcome it, women must challenge existing power relations and change or abolish patriarchal institutions. A landmark World Bank study on gender equality (2001) also puts priority on the need to reform institutions to establish equal rights and opportunities for women and men. Within the overall institutional setting, social institutions and cultural practices -- i.e. laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct -- often are the main sources of persisting discrimination against women in developing countries. Examples include polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, obstacles to free movement and early, family-imposed marriages of teenagers. Where traditions still largely determine people's behaviour, standard policies to promote gender equality -- building more schools, giving micro-credit to women and so on -- are important but not sufficient. Building schools where custom or tradition forbids girls to leave the house alone after puberty will not make much difference. Giving micro-credit to women in rural villages where they are denied access to land, technology and information will not deliver the desired effects. Finding options to address unfavourable institutional frameworks presents a tremendous challenge. Quick fixes or blueprints of reforms will not work and could be counter-productive. Donor intervention in social institutions is particularly difficult, because they are highly sensitive and action could easily be viewed as "cultural imperialism". The Human Development Report 2004 addresses the definition of cultural liberty and how it relates to social institutions. "... [N]either cultural freedom nor respect for diversity should be confused with the defence of tradition. Cultural liberty is the ability of people to live and be what they choose, with adequate opportunity to consider other options" (UNDP, 2004, p. 4). Promoting change in social institutions is not a step against cultural liberty but allows women to make their own decisions. Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women is not a western view imposed on developing countries. All 191 member states of the UN unanimously adopted it in the United Nations Development Declaration (Millennium Development Goal Three). (A bibliography is included. Contains 1 footnote, 3 figures and 1 box.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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5. Scholastic Achievement and Family Marital Structure: Bedouin-Arab Adolescents from Monogamous and Polygamous Families in Israel. (EJ633710)
Elbedour, Salman; Bart, William M.; Hektner, Joel M.
Journal of Social Psychology, v140 n4 p503-14 Aug 2000
2000-00-00
Descriptors: Academic Achievement; Family Environment; Family Influence; Family Structure; Females; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Males; Secondary Education; Secondary School Students
Abstract: Examines the scholastic achievement in Arabic, English, Hebrew, and mathematics of 240 Bedouin-Arab adolescents from monogamous and polygamous families in Negev (Israel). Reveals that adolescents from monogamous and polygamous families demonstrate equivalent levels of scholastic achievement, although boys in polygamous families and girls in monogamous families achieved higher Hebrew scores. (CMK)
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6. Marriage Type and Reproductive Decisions: A Comparative Study in Sub-Saharan Africa. (EJ574923)
Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo
Journal of Marriage and the Family, v60 n1 p232-42 Feb 1998
1998-00-00
Descriptors: Economic Opportunities; Family Planning; Foreign Countries; Marriage; Multivariate Analysis; Research Needs; Sex Differences; Sex Role
Abstract: The effect of marriage type (polygamy vs. monogamy) on reproductive decisions is investigated using comparative data from the 1988, 1989, and 1993 Demographic and Health Surveys of Ghana and Kenya. Multivariate analysis is used. Inconclusive results are discussed with a focus on future research directions. (Author/EMK)
7. A Schoolmarm All My Life: Personal Narratives from Frontier Utah. (ED419662)
Kinkead, Joyce, Ed.
1996-00-00
Books; Historical Materials
Descriptors: Autobiographies; Diaries; Educational History; Educational Practices; Elementary Secondary Education; Family Life; Higher Education; Personal Narratives; Primary Sources; Religious Cultural Groups; Rural Education; Teachers; Teaching Experience; Women Faculty; Womens Education
Abstract: This book presents edited versions of the personal narratives of 24 Mormon women who taught school in frontier Utah. Drawn primarily from the archives of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the accounts detail the women's lives as Mormons, as pioneers, and as teachers and have been edited to focus on the education of women, descriptions of the teachers and their classrooms, and the influence of their lives outside the schoolhouse. Also included are entries that illuminate how the women's personal lives varied from those of other western teachers. A lengthy prologue provides contextual information on the history of Mormonism, the rhetoric and reality of education in Utah in the first decade of settlement (1847-57), hostilities between Mormons and "gentiles" played out on the battleground of education, the education of Mormon women, teacher training and competency exams, typical curriculum and educational practices, teacher salaries, moral standards, women administrators, marriage and polygamy, and feminism in 19th-century Utah. Each narrative includes introductory background on the teacher and explanatory notes on historical and family events. The teachers, whose lifespans ranged from 1802-80 to 1902-59, are Louisa Barnes Pratt, Laura Farnsworth Frampton Owen, Martha Spence Heywood, Elizabeth Terry Heward, Lucy Meserve Smith Smith, Elmina Shepard Taylor, Lucina Mecham Boren, Lucinda Lee Dalton, Louisa Lula Greene Richards, Martha Cragun Cox, Elizabeth Frances Fellows Critchlow, Eunice Stewart Harris, Cynthia Burnham Fisher, Vilate Elliott, Amy Brown Lyman, Alice Louise Reynolds, Maggie Belle Tolman Porter, May Pierson McCraney Joyce, Florence Morgan McDonald, Mary Hulet Coburn, Alice Laura Iverson Gardner, Luella Wareing Cannon, Matilda Woodbury Ruesch, and Reva Stevens Daniels Smoot. The book includes a bibliography and an index. (SV) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Women's Struggle against Tradition in Bangladesh. (EJ490411)
Sultan, Mainus
Convergence, v27 n2-3 p79-92 1994
1994-00-00
Reports - Descriptive; Journal Articles
Descriptors: Cultural Context; Females; Foreign Countries; Literacy; Participation; Rural Areas; Traditionalism; Womens Education
Abstract: In rural Bangladesh, women's participation in a literacy program was opposed by Mullahs for several reasons: content encouraged decision making, monopoly of the Qur'anic schools was threatened, Mullahs' leadership and spiritual roles were potentially subverted, and it conflicted with the practice of polygamy. (SK)
9. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Journalism Historians' Association (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 3-5, 1991). (ED340045)
1991-10-00
Historical Materials; Collected Works - Proceedings
Descriptors: Case Studies; Documentaries; Feminism; Foreign Countries; Freedom of Speech; Journalism History; Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Role; Newspapers; Periodicals
Abstract: The 24 papers in this collection discuss a variety of issues concerning the history of journalism in many countries. The papers are: "The East-Indian American Press" (Arthi Subramaniam); "The World's Oldest Magazine and Its Place in the Evolution of British Periodicals" (Sam G. Riley); "Donna Allen and the Women's Institute: A Feminist Perspective on the First Amendment" (Maurine H. Beasley); "Warning Visions: A Case Study of Three Canadian Documentaries" (Maureen J. Nemecek); "The Press and the Execution of the Rosenbergs" (Arlene Tyner); "Ethnic Community or Workers' Solidarity? Class and Ethnicity in the Foreign Language Press" (Jon Bekken); "Struggle for Free Expression: Case Studies of African-American Journalists" (Maurine H. Beasley); "Rediscovering Zona Gale, Journalist" (Elizabeth Burt); "E.L. Godkin and the Meaning of Journalism" (Edward Caudill); "Parliament and Expression of Opinion: 17th-Century England" (Kenneth Campbell); "'The Freeman' to 'The Tribune': Black Journalism in the Colonial Bahamas" (Howard S. Pactor); "Victorian Proletarian Spiritualism: God, Workers and Canadian Labour Journalism" (David R. Spencer); "A Pennsylvania Newspaper publisher as Captain of 'Gideon's Army': J.W. Gitt, Henry Wallace and the Progressive Party" (Mary A. Hamilton); "War, Women and Work: A Study of Gender Displays in Advertising Images during World War II" (Charles Lewis and John Neville); "The Only Good Indians: A Comparative Examination of Press Coverage of the War with the Southern Cheyennes (1864-1868)" (Patricia A. Curtin); "The Valley Tan: An Early Free Press Challenge in the Tops of the Mountains" (Jack A. Nelson and Ed Adams); "An International View of the Professionalization of Journalists: The International Congress of the Press, 1894-1914" (Ulf Jonas Bjork); "The Railroad Industry and Its Early Periodicals, 1831 to 1850, Exploring the History of the Business/Trade Press" (Kathleeen L. Endres); "The Mormon Problem: The Press Reacts to Mormons, Polygamy, and 'Reynolds v. United States' in 1879" (David A. Copeland); "How Advertisers Defined the Role of Women during World War II: An Analysis of Advertisements Appearing in 'Ladies Home Journal', 1940-1945" (Margaret Mary Gike); "Grim 'Slices of Life'--Disaster Reporting in the Gilded Age" (Paulette D. Kilmer); "The Newspaper Industry's Campaign against SpaceGrabbers, 1917-1921" (Susan M. L. Caudill); "American Propaganda in Britain during World War I" (James D. Startt); and "Greater Distance = Declining Interest: Massachusetts Printers and Protections for a Free Press, 1783-1791" (Carol Sue Humphrey). (RS) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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10. Trends in Themes of African American Family Research 1939-1989: A Synopsis. (EJ435198)
Davis, Lenwood G.
Western Journal of Black Studies, v14 n4 p191-95 Win 1990
1990-00-00
Journal Articles; Information Analyses
Descriptors: Black Family; Black History; Blacks; Ethnology; Family Characteristics; Family History; Family Structure; Literature Reviews; Research Needs; Sociocultural Patterns
Abstract: Themes in research on African-American families between 1939 and 1989 are discussed, and the following recently developed themes are highlighted: (1) stress, (2) aging, (3) adoption, (4) prison, (5) polygamy, and (6) violence. Much more research is needed to provide better understanding of the African-American family. (SLD)
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