Who are the members of the Group of 184? Are they individuals or organizations? Who heads the Group of 184?
The Group of 184 (Groupe 184) consists of both individuals and organizations, arranged in thirteen sectors – cultural, private enterprise, labor union, peasant union, urban neighborhood, feminist, civic association, educational, professional, human rights, media, university, and non-governmental organization. Some organizations are listed in more than one category. The Group of 184 is headed by U.S.-born businessman André (“Andy”) Apaid, Jr. According to the National Commission for Haitian Rights, Apaid “has been the public voice behind the movement as well as its best salesperson. Mr. Apaid also has a strong anti-Aristide reputation, which greatly contributes to the perception of the group as an anti-Lavalas outfit” (NCHR 2003). The following membership lists were obtained from the Group of 184 website at http://www.group184.org/. The lists have been rearranged in alphabetic order, obvious typographical errors corrected, and English translations provided wherever possible.
| Acronym | Full Name | English Translation |
| AmCham | American Chamber of Commerce - Haïti | |
| AAH | Association des Assureurs d’Haïti | Association of Haitian Insurers |
| AEA | Association des Entrepreneurs de l’Artibonite | Association of Artibonite Entrepreneurs |
| ADIH | Association des Industries d’Haïti | Association of Haitian Industries |
| AMARH | Association Maritime Haïtienne | Haitian Maritime Association |
| ANADIPP | Association Nationale des Distributeurs de Produits Pétroliers | National Association of Petrochemical Distributors |
| ANEM | Association Nationale des Exportateurs de Mangues | National Association of Mango Exporters |
| ANMH | Association Nationale des Médias Haïtiens | National Association of Haitian Media |
| ATH | Association Touristique d’Haïti | Haitian Tourist Association |
| CLED | Centre pour la Libre Entreprise et la Démocratie | Center for Free Enterprise and Democracy |
| CCIH | Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie d’Haïti | Haitian Chamber of Commerce & Industry |
| CCISTBA | Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Saint-Marc et du Bas-Artibonite | Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Saint-Marc & Bas-Artibonite |
| CCIPN | Chambre de Commerce, d’Industrie et des Professions du Nord | Northern Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and the Professions |
| CCIPSE | Chambre de Commerce, d’Industrie et des Professions du Sud-Est | Southeast Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and the Professions |
| CFHCI | Chambre Franco-Haïtienne de Commerce et d’Industrie | Franco-Haitian Chamber of Commerce & Industry |
| FNH | Fondation Nouvelle Haïti | New Haiti Foundation |
| Acronym | Full Name in French or Creole | English Translation |
| CATH | Centrale Autonome des Travailleurs Haïtiens | Autonomous Central of Haitian Workers |
| CFOH | Confédération des Forces Ouvrières Haïtiennes | Confederation of Haitian Working Forces |
| CGT | Centrale Générale des Travailleurs | Workers General Central |
| CISN | Confédération Indépendante des Syndicats Nationaux | Independent Confederation of National Unions |
| COH | Congrès des Ouvriers d’Haïti | Haitian Workers Congress |
| CONITH | Confédération Indépendante des Travailleurs Haïtiens | Independent Confederation of Haitian Workers |
| CSH | Coordination Syndicale Haïtienne | Haitian Union Coordination |
| CTH | Confédération des Travailleurs Haïtiens | Confederation of Haitian Workers |
| FETRAGA | Fédération des Travailleurs de la Grand’Anse | Grand’Anse Workers Federation |
| FETRAGOM | Fédération des Travailleurs Agricoles de Gros-Morne | Federation of Agricultural Workers of Gros-Morne |
| FETRASMA | Fédération des Travailleurs Agricoles de Saint-Michel de l’Atalaye | Federation of Agricultural Workers of Saint-Michel de l’Atalaye |
| FNTS | Fédération Nationale des Travailleurs Syndiqués | National Federation of Unionized Workers |
| FOS | Fédération des Ouvriers Syndiqués | Federation of Unionized Workers |
| FTN | Fédération des Travailleurs du Nord | Federation of Northern Workers |
| KOMOKA | Kombit Motosiklis ak Kondiktè d’Ayiti | Haiti Assembly of Motorcyclists and Drivers |
| KOTA | Konfederasyon Ouvrye Travayè Ayisyen | Haitian Workers Confederation |
| MNTH | Mouvement National des Travailleurs Haïtiens | National Movement of Haitian Workers |
| MOPPA | Mouvman Peyizan Patriyot Ayisyen | Haitian Patriotic Peasants Movement |
| MOVICIH | Mouvement Inter-Syndical Indépendante d’Haïti | Haitian Independent Inter-Union Movement |
| MTCH | Mouvement des Travailleurs du Cap-Haïtien | Cap-Haïtien Workers Movement |
| OGETNO | Organisation Générale des Travailleurs du Nord-Ouest | General Workers Organization of the Northwest |
| OGITH | Organisation Générale Indépendante des Travailleurs Haïtiens | Independent Organization of Haitian Workers |
| OTRA | Organisation des Travailleurs pour l’Avancement de l’Anse-à-Foleur | Workers Organization for the Advancement of l’Anse-à-Foleur |
| RENAFAM | Réseau National des Femmes | National Women's Network |
| SCCF | Syndicat des Chauffeurs Coopérants Fédérés | Federated Cooperative Drivers Union |
| SCCF | Syndicat des Chauffeurs et Coopérants et Fédérés | Union of Cooperative and Federated Drivers |
| SCPTEP | Syndicat des Chauffeurs et Propriétaires de Transport d’Eau Potable | Union of Owners and Drivers of Drinking Water Transport |
| SOST | SOS Transport | |
| UTDL | Union des Travailleurs du District de Limbé | Workers Union of Limbé District |
| Acronym | Full Name in French or Creole | English Translation |
| AJKDR | Aksyon Jèn Kretyen pou Devlòpman Riral | Christian Youth Action for Rural Development |
| AJAKS | Asosyasyon Jèn pou Avansman Katye Ti-Sous | Youth Association for the Advancement of Ti-Sous Neighborhood |
| AJPB | Asosyasyon Jèn Pwogresis Boman | Progressive Youth Association of Boman |
| ACPP | Association Communale des Paysans de Plaisance | Plaisance Neighborhood Peasants Association |
| APAB | Association des Paysans Agriculteurs de Bel-Anse | Bel-Anse Peasant Farmers Association |
| APABL | Association des Paysans de Bas-Limbé | Bas-Limbé Peasants Association |
| APM | Association des Paysans de Milot | Milot Peasants Association |
| ATRAPCO | Association des Travailleurs Paysans des Côtes-de-Fer | Peasant Workers Association of Côtes-de-Fer |
| ARPB | Association Régionale des Paysans du Bas Plateau | Regional Peasants Association of Low Plateau |
| CPRH | Combite des Paysans Réunis du Haut Plateau | Peasants Assembly of High Plateau |
| COPCAB | Comité des Planteurs de Café de l’Arrondissement de Belle-Anse | Coffee Planters Committee of Belle-Anse |
| CPGPBM | Confédération de Planteurs et de Groupements Paysans de Bassin Magnan | Confederation of Planters and Peasant Groups of Bassin Magnan |
| FEDBA | Federasyon pou Ba Atibonit | Federation for Lower Artibonite |
| FAPN | Fédération des Agriculteurs et Paysans du Nord | Northern Federation of Farmers and Peasants |
| FAPAM | Fédération des Associations de Paysans Agriculteurs de Miragoâne | Federation of Associations of Peasant Farmers of Miragoâne |
| FAPAG | Fédération des Associations Paysannes de la Grande Rivière du Nord | Federation of Peasant Associations of Grande Rivière du Nord |
| FOPGK | Fédération des Organisations de Grande Colline | Federation of Organizations of Grande Colline |
| FPSRP | Fédération des Paysans Solidaires de la Région des Palmes | Federation of Peasants in Solidarity from the Palmes Region |
| FENATAPA | Fédération Nationale des Travailleurs Agricoles et Paysans Haïtiens | National Federation of Agricultural Workers and Haitian Peasants |
| GRAS | Groupe de Réflexion pour une Alternative Sociale | Discussion Group for a Social Alternative |
| GROPADEC | Groupement Paysan pour le Développement des Cayes | Peasant Grouping for the Development of Les Cayes |
| HADAEN | Haiti de Demain | Haiti Tomorrow |
| INFV | Inite Peyizan Fon Vèrèt | Fonds-Verrettes Peasant Unity |
| IPDCM | Inyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman Chèn Mate | Peasant Union for Development Chèn Mate |
| KOPROKREDI | Koperativ Pwodiksyon ak Kredi | Production and Credit Cooperative |
| MODESP | Mouvement Jeunes Progressistes de Plaisance/Nord | Movement of Young Progressives of Plaisance/North |
| MPRT | Mouvement Paysans Réunis de Torbeck | Movement of United Peasants of Torbeck |
| MDP | Mouvman Devlòpman Pestel | Pestel Development Movement |
| MJGB | Mouvman Jèn Gran Bwa | Grand Bois Youth Movement |
| MOPAG | Mouvman Oganizasyon Peyizan Agrikèl Gran Basen | Grand Bassin Agricultural Peasant Organization Movement |
| MP3K | Mouvman Peyizan 3yèm Seksyon Kanperen | Third Section Camp-Perrin Peasant Movement |
| MPA | Mouvman Peyizan Akil di Nò | Acul du Nord Peasant Movement |
| MPBL | Mouvman Peyizan Ba Lenbe | Bas Limbé Peasant Movement |
| MPB | Mouvman Peyizan Bayonè | Bayonnais Peasant Movement |
| MPBM | Mouvman Peyizan Belle Vue Mare Rouge | Belle Vue Mare Rouge Peasant Movement |
| MPB | Mouvman Peyizan Benè | Bainet Peasant Movement |
| MPB | Mouvman Peyizan Bombadopolis | Bombardopolis Peasant Movement |
| MPD | Mouvman Peyizan Diklin | Diklin Peasant Movement |
| MPFV | Mouvman Peyizan Fon Vèrèt | Fonds-Verrettes Peasant Movement |
| MPG | Mouvman Peyizan Gwos Woch de Valyè | Grosse Roche de Vallieres Peasant Movement |
| MPKA | Mouvman Peyizan Kalfou | Carrefour Peasant Movement |
| MPK | Mouvman Peyizan Kapotiy | Capotille Peasant Movement |
| OP4B | Mouvman Peyizan Katriyèm Seksyon Baie de Henne | Fourth Section Baie de Henne Peasant Movement |
| MPK | Mouvman Peyizan Kavalye | Cavalier Peasant Movement |
| MPKD | Mouvman Peyizan Kenskòf pou Devlòpman | Kenscoff Peasant Movement for Development |
| MPL | Mouvman Peyizan Lwès | Western Peasant Movement |
| MPM | Mouvman Peyizan Metaye | Metaye Peasant Movement |
| MPNKP | Mouvman Peyizan Nasyonal Kongrè Papay | Papaye National Peasant Movement Congress |
| MPP | Mouvman Peyizan Papay | Papaye Peasant Movement |
| MPP | Mouvman Peyizan Plesans/Nord | Plaisance / North Peasant Movement |
| MPP | Mouvman Peyizan Plezans | Plaisance Peasant Movement |
| MOPROD | Mouvman Peyizan Progresis pou Devlòpman | Progressive Peasant Movement for Development |
| MPR | Mouvman Peyizan Rankit | Ranquitte Peasant Movement |
| MPTR | Mouvman Peyizan Tèrye Wouj | Terrier-Rouge Peasant Movement |
| OFCBJK | Oganizasyon Fanm Kòmèsan Bouk Jan Rabèl | Women's Commerce Organization of Jean-Rabel Village |
| OFDBN | Oganizasyon Fanm pou Devlòpman Ba Nòdwès | Women's Organization for Development of the Lower Northwest |
| OPDS | Oganizasyon Peyizan Dame ak Surprendre | Dame and Surprendre Peasant Organization |
| OPKD | Oganizasyon Peyizan Kalalou pou Devlòpman | Kalalou Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPK | Oganizasyon Peyizan Kolèt | Colette Peasant Organization |
| OPM | Oganizasyon Peyizan Milo | Milot Peasant Organization |
| OPP | Oganizasyon Peyizan Pereni | Pereny Peasant Organization |
| OPDCB | Oganizasyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman Chanbelan/Boukan | Chambellan/Boucan Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPDK | Oganizasyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman Karis | Carice Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPDL | Oganizasyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman Limonad | Limonade Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPDM | Oganizasyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman Monbin Crochu | Mombin-Crochu Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPDS | Oganizasyon Peyizan pou Devlòpman St-Michel de l’Atalaye | St-Michel de l’Atalaye Peasant Organization for Development |
| OPW | Oganizasyon Peyizan Wanament | Ouanaminthe Peasant Organization |
| ODD | Oganizasyon pou Devlòpman Dantan Okay | Danton aux Cayes Development Organization |
| ODPN | Oganizasyon pou Devlopman Peyizan Nip | Nippes Peasant Organization for Development |
| ORCOPA | Organisation Communale des Paysans d’Aquin | Aquin District Peasants Organization |
| OGPB | Organisation des Groupements Paysans de Bombardopolis | Organization of Peasant Groups of Bombardopolis |
| OPATH | Organisation des Paysans et Travailleurs Haïtiens | Organization of Haitian Peasants and Workers |
| OPA | Organisation Paysanne d’Aquin | Peasant Organization of Aquin |
| ODEB | Organisation pour le Développement de Bainet | Organization for the Development of Bainet |
| ODDN | Organisation Pour le Développement de la Démocratie de Nippes | Organization for the Development of Democracy in Nippes |
| RAPP | Rassemblement des Associations Paysannes de Pignon | Assembly of Peasant Associations of Pignon |
| RPD-3 | Rassemblement des Paysans pour le Développement de la 3ème section de Saint-Marc | Peasant Assembly for Development of the Third Section of Saint-Marc |
| ROPP | Regroupement des Organisations Paysannes de Port-Salut | Grouping of Peasant Organizations of Port-Salut |
| TADF | Tet Ansam pou Devlopman Feye | Heads Together for the Development of Ferrier |
| UCPB | Union Communale des Paysans de Bainet | Bainet District Peasants Union |
| UDPG | Union Départementale des Paysans de Grand’Anse | Grand’Anse Departmental Peasants Union |
| UNAPAR | Union des Agriculteurs Paysans d’Anse-Rouge | Union of Peasant Agriculturalists of Anse-Rouge |
| UNAPAT | Union des Associations Paysannes de Thiotte | Union of Peasant Associations of Thiotte |
| UOPN | Union des Organisations Paysannes de Nippes | Union of Peasant Organizations of Nippes |
| UNOPAG | Union des Organisations Paysannes des Gonaïves | Union of Peasant Organizations of Gonaïves |
| UPAN | Union des Paysans Agriculteurs du Nord-Ouest | Northwest Agricultural Peasants Union |
| UPFW | Union des Paysans du Far-West | Far-West Peasants Union |
| UPEL | Union des Paysans Engagés de l’Estère | Union of Engaged Peasants of l’Estère |
| URPAC | Union Régionale des Paysans de Campledo | Regional Peasant Union of Campledo |
| Acronym | Full Name in French or Creole | English Translation |
| ACEDD | Association des Elus de Dieu pour le Développement | Development Association of God's Chosen |
| AJERD | Association des Jeunes Etudiants Réunis pour le Développement | Development Association of Assembled Young Students |
| AJPR | Association des Jeunes Progressistes Réunis | Association of Assembled Young Progressives |
| APEP | Association des Petits Entrepreneurs de Port-au-Prince | Small Business Association of Port-au-Prince |
| AJC | Association Jeunes Christ-Roi | Christ-King Youth Association |
| AJM | Association Jeunes en Marche | Association of Youth Marching Forward |
| ANC | Association Nationale des Chômeurs | National Association of the Unemployed |
| ANUH | Association Nationale pour l’Unité Haïtienne | National Association for Haitian Unity |
| ATADEB | Association Tête Ansanm pour le Développement de Bolosse | Heads Together Association for the Development of Bolosse |
| COMIDO | Coordination des Militants du Département de l’Ouest | Coordination of Activists from the Department of the West |
| CODEL | Coordination des Organisations pour le Développement de Léogâne | Coordination of Organizations for the Development of Léogâne |
| CCJ | Cri Cimetière de la Jeunesse | Cemetery Scream of Youth |
| ECO-2000 | Essaim des Compatriotes pour l’Opération 2000 | Swarm of Compatriots for Operation 2000 |
| FPMAP | Fonds des Petits Marchands | Small Merchants Fund |
| FOPOCS | Front des OP de la Cité Soley | Popular Organization Front of Cité Soleil |
| FNP | Front National Populaire | National Popular Front |
| FOREDH | Front Résistance pour Délivrer Haïti | Resistance Front for the Deliverance of Haiti |
| GRALIH | Groupe de Réflexion et d’Action pour la Libération d’Haïti | Discussion and Action Group for the Liberation of Haiti |
| GRAPKEFCM | Groupe de Réflexion pour l’Alphabétisation des Jeunes de Fort Mercredi | Discussion Group for Bringing Literacy to the Youth of Fort Mercredi |
| KOM | Kòdinasyon Óganizasyon Maryani | Mariani Coordination Organization |
| KARCJ | Komite pou Avansman Ri Campagnole de Jeremi | Committee for the Improvement of Rural Roads in Jérémie |
| KOFAK | Konbit Fanm Kafou | Women's Assembly of Carrefour |
| KOKAPOP | Koodinasyon Katye Pòv Potoprens | Port-au-Prince Poor Neighborhood Coordination |
| MCDF | Militants Conséquents de Développement de Frère | Activists Committed to Development in Frère |
| MOCAP | Mouvement des Citoyens Actifs de Port-au-Prince | Movement of Active Citizens of Port-au-Prince |
| MOMPAH | Mouvement des Militants Patriotes Haïtiens | Movement of Haitian Activist Patriots |
| MOPODEL | Mouvement Populaire pour le Développement de Léogane | Popular Movement for the Development of Léogane |
| MPDT | Mouvement Progressiste pour le Développement de Tubé | Progressive Movement for the Development of Tubé |
| MODIN | Mouvman Democratik Pou Linite Nasyonal | Democratic Movement for National Unity |
| MOFAS | Mouvman Fanm Cite Soley | Women's Movement of Cité Soleil |
| MOFAD | Mouvman Fanm Nan Delma | Women's Movement in Delmas |
| MPTB | Mouvman Peyizan Travayè Bel Fontèn | Peasant Worker Movement of Belle Fontaine |
| OJTPK | Oganizasyon Jèn Ti Plas Kazo | Petit Place Cazeau Youth Organization |
| OPP | Oganizasyon Payzan La Plaine | Peasant Organization of La Plaine |
| OJCH | Organisation des Jeunes Chrétiens d’Haïti | Organization of Young Haitian Christians |
| OJID | Organisation des Jeunes Intellectuels de Delmas | Union of Young Intellectuals of Delmas |
| OJPM | Organisation des Jeunes Progressistes de Martissant | Organization of Young Progressives of Martissant |
| OMIC | Organisation des Militants Conséquents | Organization of Committed Activists |
| OFVD | Organisation Femmes Village de Dieu | Village of God Women's Association |
| OHDEP | Organisation Haïtienne pour le Développement du Pays | Haitian Organization for the Development of the Country |
| OMUD | Organisation Mouvement Unitaire pour le Développement | Organization of Unitary Movement for Development |
| OPDN | Organisation Populaire pour le Développement National (Sans Fond) | Popular Organization for National Development (Without Bottom) |
| ODDH | Organisation pour le Développement d’Haïti | Organization for Development of Haiti |
| OJDM | Organisation pour le Développement de Marin | Organization for Development of Marin |
| OPOLD | Organisation pour le Développement de Portail Léogane | Organization for Development of Portail (entry to) Léogane |
| OTAF | Organisation Tête Ensemble Fonds Brache | Heads Together Organization Brache Fond |
| RAS | Rasanbleman Ayisyen Solid | Solid Haitian Assembly |
| RADEM | Rassemblement des Artisans pour le Développement de Martissant | Assembly of Artisans for the Development of Martissant |
| RAFO | Rassemblement des Forces Organisées – coordination de cinq rassemblements de Delmas, Nazon, Canapé-Vert, Village Solidarité, Petite Place Cazeau, Cité Soleil | Assembly of Organized Forces (combined assemblies of Delmas, Nazon, Canapé-Vert, Village Solidarité, Petite Place Cazeau, Cité Soleil) |
| RJMA | Rassemblement des Jeunes Militants Actifs | Assembly of Young Activists |
| RANCOD | Rassemblement des Notables pour le Développement de Delmas | Assembly of Notables for the Development of Delmas |
| RDRGA | Rassemblement des Paysans pour le Développement de la Grande-Anse | Peasant Assembly for the Development of Grande-Anse |
| UJAUPH | Union des Jeunes Adultes Universitaires et Professionnels d’Haïti | Union of Young Adult University Students and Professionals of Haiti |
| UJAH | Union des Jeunes pour l’Avancement d’Haïti | Union of Youth for the Advancement of Haiti |
| UNOCCS | Union des Notables de la Commune de Cité Soleil | Ùnion of Notables of Cité Soleil |
| URCB | Union des Révolutionnaires de la Croix-des-Bouquets | Union of Revolutionaries of Croix-des-Bouquets |
| UTRA | Union des Travailleurs-Commerçants | Union of Commerce Workers |
| VJRD | Vision des Jeunes Ressortissants des Départements | Vision of Young Citizens from the Departments |
| VODED | Vision des Organisations pour le Développement et la Démocratie | Vision of Organizations for Development and Democracy |
| VMVD | Vwa Militan Vilaj Demokrasi | Militant Democratic Village Voice |
| Acronym | Full Name in French or Creole | English Translation |
| GRELK | Asosyasyon Gwoup Rezidan Ak Elèv Lekol Nan Kabarè | Association Group Residents and School Students in Cabaret |
| ASHOG | Association de Secours des Handicapés et d’Orphelins de la Gonâve | Association to Help the Handicapped and Orphans of la Gonâve |
| ACIP | Association des Citoyens pour la Paix | Association of Citizens for Peace |
| AMERSO | Association du Ministère Evangélique de la Religion Sud-Ouest | Southwestern Association of Evangelical Ministers |
| AJEDS | Association Juvénile de l’Eglise de Dieu Philadelphie de l’Aéroport | Youth Association of the Philadelphia Church of God at the Airport |
| CREFOSCOD | Centre de Recherche et de Formation Sociale Coopérative | Center for Research and Cooperative Social Training |
| CIRC | Comité d’Initiative pour le Rassemblement des Citoyens/Gonaïves | Launching Committee for the Gathering of Citizens/Gonaïves |
| COSUVIGO | Comité de Support à la Ville des Gonaïves | City of Gonaïves Support Committee |
| CIP | Comité Initiative Patriotique | Patriotic Initiative Committee |
| CODECAR | Comité pour le Développement de la Commune d’Anse Rouge | Committee for Development of Anse Rouge |
| CCF | Conscience Citoyenne de Ferrier (Nord-Est) | Citizen Consciousness of Ferrier (North-East) |
| FAN | Fédération des Amis de la Nature | Friends of Nature Federation |
| FCDSH | Fondation Chrétienne pour le Développement Social des Démunis Haïtiens | Christian Foundation for the Social Development of Destitute Haitians |
| FSTD | Fondation Sœur Thérésa pour la Démocratie | Mother Theresa Foundation for Democracy |
| ID | Initiatives Démocratiques | Democratic Initiatives |
| IC | Initiative Citoyenne | Citizen Initiative |
| ISC | Initiative de la Société Civile | Civil Society Initiative |
| IDDE | Initiative Droits et Devoirs | Rights and Duties Initiative |
| KORENA | Komite pou la Renesans Nasyonal | Committee for National Rebirth |
| MOUVEMENT FEMEM | Mouvement pour l’Épanouissement des Femmes et de l’Enfance | Movement for the Self-Realization of Women and Children |
| MOREVISMA | Mouvement Revendicatif Peuple Saint-Michel | Saint Michael Movement for People’s Rights |
| UGCO | Union Citoyenne des Gonaïves | Citizen Union of the Gonaïves |
| ZANTRAY | Zanfan Tradisyon Ayisyen | Haitian Children’s Tradition |
This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RIC within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.
National Coalition for Haitian Rights. Yon Sèl Dwèt Pa Manje Kalalou: Haiti on the Eve of its Bicentennial (New York: NCHR, September 2003), p. 9.