6. COMPONENTS FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

6.A.  Equipment, Assemblies and Components

6.A. 1. Detonators and multipoint initiation systems, as follows:

a. Electrically driven explosive detonators, as follows:

1. Exploding bridge (EB);

2. Exploding bridge wire (EBW);

3. Slapper;

4.  Exploding foil initiators (EFI);

b. Arrangements using single or multiple detonators designed to nearly simultaneously initiate an explosive surface over an area greater than 5000 mm2 from a single firing signal with an initiation timing spread over the surface of less than 2.5 p.s.

Note: Item 6.A. 1. does not control detonators using only primary explosives, such as lead
azide.

Technical Note: In Item 6. A. 1. the detonators of concern all utilize a small electrical conductor (bridge, bridge wire, or foil) that explosively vaporizes when a fast, high-current electrical pulse is passed through it. In nonslapper types, the exploding conductor starts a chemical detonation in a contacting high-explosive material such as PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate). In slapper detonators, the explosive vaporization of the electrical conductor drives a fiyer or slapper across a gap, and the impact of the slapper on an explosive starts a chemical detonation. The slapper in some designs is driven by magnetic force. The term exploding foil detonator may refer to either an EB or a slapper-type detonator. Also, the word initiator is sometimes used in place of the word detonator.

6.A.2. Firing sets and equivalent high-current pulse generators, as follows:

a. Explosive detonator firing sets designed to drive multiple controlled detonators specified by Item 6.A. 1. above;

b. Modular electrical pulse generators (pulsers) having all of the following characteristics:

1. Designed for portable, mobile, or ruggedized-use;

2. Enclosed in a dust-tight enclosure;

3. Capable of delivering their energy in less than 15 gs;

4. Having an output greater than 100 A;

5. Having a 'rise time' of less than 10 p.s into loads of less than 40 ohms;

6. No dimension greater than 25.4 cm;

7. Weight less than 25 kg; and

8. Specified to operate over an extended temperature range of 223 to 373 K (-50 °C to 100 °C) or specified as suitable for aerospace applications.

Note: Item 6.A.2.b. includes xenon flashlamp drivers.

Technical Note In Item 6.A.2. b. 5. 'rise rime'is defined as the time interval from 10% to 90% current amplitude when driving a resistive load.

6.A.3. Switching devices as follows:

a. Cold-cathode tubes, whether gas filled or not, operating similarly to a spark gap, having all of the following characteristics:

1. Containing three or more electrodes;

2. Anode peak voltage rating of 2.5 kV or more;

3. Anode peak current rating of 100 A or more; and

4. Anode delay time of 10 gs or less;

Note: Item 6.A.3.a. includes gas krytron tubes and vacuum sprytron tubes.

b. Triggered spark-gaps having both of the following characteristics:

1. Anode delay time of 15 ~ts or less; and

2. Rated for a peak current of 500 A or more;

c. Modules or assemblies with a fast switching function having all of the following characteristics:

1. Anode peak voltage rating greater than 2 kV;

2. Anode peak current rating of 500 A or more; and

3. Turn-on time of 1 laS or less.

6.A.4. Pulse discharge capacitors having either of the following sets of characteristics:

a.1. Voltage rating greater than 1.4 kV;
2.Energy storage greater than 10 J;
3.Capacitance greater than 0.5 [tF; and
4.Series inductance less than 50 nil; or

b.1.   Voltage rating greater than 750 V;
2.         Capacitance greater than 0.25 ~tF; and
3. Series inductance less than 10 nil.

a. Designed for operation without an external vacuum system; and

b. Utilizing electrostatic acceleration to induce a tritium-deuterium nuclear reaction.

6.B. Test and Production Equipment

None.

6.C. Materials

Dual-Use Contents Home Page

6.C. 1. High explosive substances or mixtures, containing more than 2 % by weight of any of the following:

a.  Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) (CAS 2691-41-0);

b. Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) (CAS 121-82-4);

c. Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) (CAS 3058-38-6);

d. Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) (CAS 20062-22-0); or

e.  Any explosive with a crystal density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and having a detonationvelocity greater than 8000 m/s.

6.D. Software

None.

6.E. Technology

6.E. 1. "Technology" according to the Technology Controls for the "development", "production" or "use" of equipment, material or "software" specified in 6.A. through 6.D.