{ NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT OF THE SENATE PROCEEDINGS.}
MISSILES WERE LOADED WITH CHEMICAL WARHEADS BUT THEY WERE NOT
USED. WE DIDN'T USE THEM BECAUSE THE OTHER SIDE HAD A DETERRENT
FORCE. I DO NOT THINK SADDAM WAS CAPABLE OF TAKING A DECISION
TO USE CHEMICAL WEAPONS OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OR ANY OTHER
TYPES OF WEAPONS AGAINST THE ALLIED TROOPS BECAUSE THE WARNING
WAS SEVERE AND QUITE EFFECTIVE. THE ALLIED TROOPS WERE CERTAIN
TO USE NUCLEAR ARMS AND THE PRICE WILL BE TOO DEAR AND TOO
HIGH. MR. PRESIDENT, AS THESE STATEMENTS SHOW, A CREDIBLE
NUCLEAR DETERRENT REMAINS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO OUR NATION. I
{09:45:37} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
WOULD HOPE THAT WE COULD BEGIN THIS DEBATE ON THE CTBT BY
AGREEING THAT A STRONG U.S. NUCLEAR DETERRENT REMAINS ESSENTIAL
AND THAT THE SENATE SHOULD REJECT ANY ACTIONS THAT WOULD
UNDERMINE THE CREDIBILITY OF THIS DETERRENT. NOW TO THE SECOND
PRELIMINARY POINT, THE FALLACY OF ARMS CONTROL. UNFORTUNATELY,
THE CTBT NEGOTIATED BY THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION WOULD
UNDERMIN THE CREDIBILITY OF OUR DETERRENT. THIS IS NOT
{09:46:12} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
SURPRISING SINCE THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION HAS SOUGHT TO
PROTECT OUR NATIONAL SECURITY WITH A FIXATION ON ARMS CONTROL
THAT COLUMNIST CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER APTLY CALLS PEACE THROUGH
PAPER. OF COURSE ARMS CONTROL IS NOT A NEW IDEA. AFTER ALL, IN
THE YEAR 1139 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TRIED TO BAN THE CROSSBOW.
LIKE SO MANY OTHER WELL-INTENTIONED ARMS CONTROL MEASURES THIS
WAS DOOMED TO FAILURE FROM THE START. WHO CAN FORGET THE TREATY
RATIFIED BY THE UNITED STATES IN 1929 THAT OUTLAWED WAR AS AN
{09:46:47} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POLICY. THIS AGREEMENT AND OTHERS
SPAWNED IN ITS WAKE LEFT THE UNITED STATES AND BRITAIN
UNPREPARED TO FIGHT AND UNABLE TO DETER WORLD WAR II. YET,
DESPITE THESE AND MANY OTHER NOTABLE FAILURES, THE CLINTON
ADMINISTRATION STILL LOOKS TO ARMS CONTROL AS THE BEST WAY TO
SAFEGUARD OUR SECURITY. UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HOLLOM
EXPLAINED THIS PHILOSOPHY IN 1994 STATING THE CLINTON
ADMINISTRATION'S POLICY AIMS TO PROTECT US FIRST AND FOREMOST
{09:47:20} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
THROUGH ARMS CONTROL BY WORKING HARD TO PREVENT NEW THREATS
AND, SECOND, BY LEGALLY PURSUING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEATRE
DEFENSES FOR THOSE CASES WHERE ARMS CONTROL IS NOT YET
SUCCESSFUL. THE ADMINISTRATION CONTINUES TO CLING TENACIOUSLY
TO THE A.B.M. TREATY WHICH PREVENTS US FROM DEFENDING OURSELVES
AGAINST MISSILE ATTACK AND NUMEROUS OTHER ARMS CONTROL MEASURES
HAVE BEEN PROPOSED BY SCENE YORE OFFICIALS, SUCH AS BANS OF
SHOULDER FIRED S.A.M. MISSILES AND EVEN A PROPOSAL TO ELIMIT
{09:47:55} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
THE AVAILABILITY OF ASSAULT RIFLES. IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT THE
DESIGNATION SUPERFICIAL FITS BECAUSE THE FAITH OF BELIEVERS IN
ARMS CONTROL IS MORE THAN IMPERVIOUS TO EVIDENCE. THEIR FAITH
IS STRENGTHENED EVEN BY EVIDENCE THAT ACTUALLY REFUTES IT.
THERE IS ENDURING WISDOM IN PRESIDENT REAGAN'S STATEMENT OF
PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH. BACK IN 1780 OUR NATION'S FIRST
PRESIDENT, GEORGE WASHINGTON, SAID THERE IS NOTHING SO LIKELY
{09:48:29} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
TO PRODUCE PEACE AS TO BE WELL PREPARED TO MEET AN ENEMY. AND
200 YEARS LATER PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN WOULD CALL THIS
DOCTRINE PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH. I URGE SENATORS TO TO THINK
ABOUT THE ENDURING WISDOM OF THESE STATEMENTS IN THE COMING
DAYS AS WE DEBATE THE CTBT AND THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ITS
RATIFICATION WOULD HAVE ON OUR NATION'S SECURITY. NOW LET ME
TURN TO A DISCUSSION OF THE CTBT'S MANY FLAWS. AMERICA'S
NUCLEAR WEAPONS ARE THE MOST SOPHISTICATED IN THE WORLD. THIS
WAS THE POINT OF THE LETTER OF THE FORMER SECRETARIES OF
{09:49:01} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
DEFENSE. THEY POINTED OUT THAT EACH ONE TYPICALLY HAS THOUSANDS
OF PARTS AND OVER TIME THE NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND HIGH SPLO
SEIVE TRIGGERS IN OUR WEAPONS DETERIORATE AND WE LACK
EXPERIENCE PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF THESE CHANGES. SOME OF THE
MATERIALS USED IN OUR WEAPONS, LIKE PLUTONIUM, ENRICHED URANIUM
AND TRITIUM ARE RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS THAT DECAY. AS THEY DECAY
THEY ALSO CHANGE THE PROPERTIES OF OTHER MATERIALS WITHIN THE
WEAPON. WE LACK EXPERIENCE TO PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF SUCH
{09:49:35} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
AGING ON THE SAFETY AND RELIABILITY OF OUR WEAPONS. WE DID NOT
DESIGN OUR WEAPONS TO LAST FOREVER. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE
SHELF LIFE ON OUR WEAPONS WAS EXPECTED TO BE ABOUT 20 YEARS. IN
THE PAST WE DID NOT ENCOUNTER PROBLEMS WITH AGING WEAPONS
BECAUSE WE WERE FIELDING NEW DESIGNS AND OLDER WEAPONS DESIGNS
WERE BEING RETIRED. BUT UNDER THE CTBT, WE COULD NOT FIELD NEW
DESIGNS TO REPLACE OLDER WEAPONS BECAUSE TESTING WOULD BE
REQUIRED TO DEVELOP NEW DESIGNS. REMANUFACTURING COMPONE NEBITS
{09:50:06} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
OF EXISTING WEAPONS THAT HAVE DETERIORATED ALSO POSES
SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS. OVER TIME MANUFACTURING PROCESSES WILL
CHANGE. SOME CHEMICALS PREVIOUSLY USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF OUR
WEAPONS HAVE BEEN BANNED BY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS. AND OUR
DOCUMENTATION OF THE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OLDER WEAPONS
IN SOME CASES IS INCOMPLETE. FURTHERMORE, AS JAMES SCHLESINGER,
WHO FORMERLY SERVED AS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AND SECRETARY OF
ENERGY, HAS TESTIFIED TO THE SENATE THE PLUTONIUM PITS IN SOME
OF OUR WEAPONS ARE APPROACHING THE END OF THEIR LIFE SPAN.
{09:50:38} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
ACCORDING TO DR. SCHLESINGER, ONE OF OUR NATIONAL LABORATORIES
ESTIMATES THAT PITS USED IN SOME OF OUR WEAPONS WILL LAST 35
YEARS. SINCE MANY OF THE PITS USED IN THE CURRENT ARSENAL ARE
ABOUT 30 YEARS OLD, THIS MEANS WE WILL SOON HAVE TO REPLACE
THESE PITS BUT WITHOUT TESTING, WE WILL NEVER KNOW IF THESE
REPLACEMENT PARTS WILL WORK AS THEIR PREDECESSORS DID. AS THE
FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY,
DR. JOHN KNUCKLE, SAID LAST MONTH IN A LETTER TO ME, COMPEE
{09:51:10} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR WARHEADS ARE AGING BY RADIOACTIVE DECAY
AND CORROSION. PERIODIC REMANUFACTURE IS NECESSARY BUT MAY COPY
EXISTING DEFECTS AND INTRODUCE ADDITIONAL DEFECTS. SOME OF THE
REMANUFACTURED PARTS MAY DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE ORIGINAL
PARTS DUE TO LOSS OF NUCLEAR TEST VALIDATED PERSONNEL WHO
MANUFACTURED THE ORIGINAL PARTS, THE USE OF NEW MATERIAL AND
FABRICATION PROCESSES AND INADEQUATE SPECIFICATION OF ORIGINAL
PARTS. THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT RISKS OF REDUCING STOCKPILE
RELIABILITY WHEN REMANUFACTURED PARTS ARE INVOLVED IN WARHEAD
{09:51:42} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
PROCESSES WHERE THERE ARE MAJOR GAPS IN OUR SCIENTIFIC
UNDERSTANDING. THE FACT IS, MR. PRESIDENT, DESPITE OUR
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, THERE IS MUCH WE STILL DO NOT
UNDERSTANDABOUT OUR NUCLEAR WEAPONS. AS C. PAUL ROBINSON,
DIRECTOR OF THE SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY, HAS SAITED, SOME
ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DESIGN ARE STILL NOT UNDERSTOOD AT
THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES. THESE GAPS IN OUR KNOWLEDGE
DO NOT MERELY PRESENT A THEORETICAL PROBLEM, AS PRESIDENT BUSH
NOTED IN A REPORT TO CONGRESS IN JANUARY OF 1993, OF ALL U.S.
{09:52:18} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
NUCLEAR WEAPON DESIGNS FIELDED SINCE 1958, APPROXIMATELY
ONE-THIRD HAVE REQUIRED NUCLEAR TESTING TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS
ARISING AFTER DEPLOYMENT. FURTHERMORE, IN 1987 LAWRENCE
LIVERMORE LAB PRODUCED A REPORT TITLED "REPORT TO CONGRESS ON
STOCKPILE
RELIABILITY: WEAPON REMANUFACTURE AND THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR
TESTING." IN WHICH IT EBGS# TOLD THE IMPORTANCE OF TESTING --
AND I QUOTE -- "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A TOW ROLE TESTED
NUCLEAR TESTING. THE REPORT ALSO GOES ON TO STATE THAT OF THE
ONE-THIRD OF WEAPONS DESIGNED INTRODUCED INTO THE STOCKPILE
{09:52:53} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
SINCE 1958 THAT HAVE REQUIRED TESTING TO FIX, IN THREE-FOURTHS
OF THESE CASES THE PROBLEMS WERE DISCOVERED ONLY BECAUSE OF THE
ONGOING NUCLEAR TESTING. THIS REPORT WENT ON TO SAY, AGAIN
QUOTING, BECAUSE WE FREQUENTLY HAVE DIFFICULTY UNDERSTANDING
FULLY THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES, PARTICULARLY SEEMINGLY SMALL
CHANGES ON THE NUCLEAR PERFORMANCE, NUCLEAR TESTING HAS BEEN
REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF OUR NATION'S
DETERRENT. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CASPAR WEINBERGER SUMMED YOU
{09:53:27} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
HAVE THIS -- UP THIS POINT NICELY IN 1986 WHEN HE SAID THE
IRREDUCIBLE FACT IS THAT NUCLEAR TESTING IS ESSENTIAL TO
PROVIDING FOR THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF OUR WARHEADS AND
WEAPONS SYSTEMS. IT ALSO IS ESSENTIAL IF WE ARE TO MAINTAIN
THEIR RELIABILITY. THIS IS NOT A MATTER OF CONJECTURE, BUT A
LESSON LEARNED THROUGH HARD EXPERIENCE. FOR EXAMPLE, HE WENT ON
TO SAY, IN THE CASE OF ONE NUCLEAR SYSTEM, THE WARHEAD FOR THE
POLARISSLBM, TESTING ALLOWED US TO FIX DEFECTS, UNTIL
{09:53:58} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
DISCOVERED THESE DEFECTS COULD HAVE RENDERED THE VAST MAJORITY
OF THESE WEAPONS COMPLETELY INOPERABLE. THE IMPORTANCE OF
TESTING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF ANY COMPLEX WEAPON 0 OR MACHINE
CANNOT BE UNDERESTIMATED. AS THE SIX FORMER SECRETARIES OF
DEFENSE NOTED IN THEIR LETTER OPPOSING THE CTBT, THE HISTORY OF
MAINTAINING COMPLEX MILITARY HARDWARE WITHOUT TESTING
DEMONSTRATES THE PITFALLS OF SUCH AN APPROACH. PRIOR TO WORLD
WAR II THE NAVY'S TORPEDOES HAD NOT ADEQUATELY BEEN TESTED
BECAUSE OF INSUFFICIENT FUNDS. IT TOOK NEARLY TWO YEARS OF WAR
{09:54:30} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
BEFORE WE FULLY SOLVED THE PROBLEMS THAT CAUSED OUR TORPEDOES
TO ROUTINELY PASS HARMLESSLY UNDER THE TARGET OR FAIL TO
EXPLODE ON CONTACTS. FOR EXAMPLE, AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY, THE
U.S. LAUNCHED47 TORPEDO AIRCRAFT WITHOUT DAMAGING A SINGLE
JAPANESE SHIP. IF NOT FOR OUR DIVE BOMBERS, THE U.S. WOULD HAVE
LOST A CRUCIAL NAVAL BATTLE OF THE PACIFIC WAR. MR. PRESIDENT,
THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION HAS PROPOSED A PROGRAM THAT IT HOPES
SOMEDAY WILL REPLACE ACTUAL NUCLEAR TESTS WITH COMPUTER
{09:55:06} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
SIMULATIONS AND A MUCH GREATER EMPHASIS ON SCIENCE-BASED
EXPERIMENTS. IT'S CALLED A STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.
ACCORDING TO THE FISCAL YEAR 2000 STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP PLAN
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW RELEASED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IN
MARCH OF THIS YEAR, THE OVERALL GOAL OF THE STOCKPILED
STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM IS TO HAVE IN PLACE BY 2010 THE
CAPABILITIES THAT ARE NECESSARY TO PROVIDE CONTINUING
CONFIDENCE IN THE ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF THE STOCKPILE WITHOUT
THE NECESSITY FOR NUCLEAR TESTING. I SUPPORT THE STOCKPILE
STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM BECAUSE I BELIEVE IT WILL IMPROVE OUR
{09:55:37} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS. BUT AS FORMER SECRETARIES OF
STATE HENRY KISSINGER, FORMER NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR BRENT
SCOWCROFT AND JOHN DEUTCH SAID IN A LETTER THIS WEEK, THE FACT
IS THAT THE SCIENTIFIC CASE SIMPLY HAS NOT BEEN MADE THAT OVER
THE LONG TERM THE UNITED STATES CAN ENSURE THE STPHUKE LETTER
STOCKPILE WITHOUT NUCLEAR TEST -- NUCLEAR STOCKPILE WITHOUT
NUCLEAR TESTING. THE STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM FACES
TREMENDOUS CHANGES. AS DR. ROBINSON HAS SAID THE COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE AND LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIES OF TODAY ARE INADEQUATE
{09:56:11} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
FOR THE STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP TESTS WE WILL FACE IN THE FUTURE.
ANOTHER 100 TO 1,000-FOLD INCREASE IN CAPABILITY FROM HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE COMBINED WILL BE REQUIRED. DR. VICTOR REECE, THE
ARCHITECT OF THE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM, SAID THIS ABOUT IT DURING
A SPEECH IN ALBUQUERQUE. THINK ABOUT IT. WE ARE ASKED TO
MAINTAIN FOREVER AN INCREDIBLY COMPLEX DEVICE NO LARGER THAN
THIS PODIUM, FILLED WITH EXOTIC RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES ONLY SEEN IN THE NATURE AT THE
{09:56:46} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
CENTER OF STARS. DO IT WITHOUT AN INTEGRATING NUCLEAR TEST AND
WITHOUT ANY REDUCTION IN THE EXTRAORDINARILY HIGH STANDARDS OF
SAFETY AND RELIABILITY. AND WHILE YOU'RE AT IT, DOWNSIZE IT,
THE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX THAT SUPPORTS THIS INTERPRICE BY A
FACTOR OF TWO AND STAND UP CRITICAL NEW MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES. THIS WITHIN AN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM THAT WAS STRUCTURED
TO TURN OVER NEW DESIGNS EVERY 15 YEARS AND FOR WHICH NUCLEAR
EXPLOSIVE TESTING WAS THE MAJOR TOOL FOR DEMONSTRATING SUCCESS.
SENIOR OFFICIALS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND OUR NUCLEAR
{09:57:18} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
LABS ARE GENERALLY CAREFUL IN HOW THEY COUCH THEIR REMARKS
ABOUT THIS STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM. THEY TYPICALLY STATE
THAT THE PROGRAM IS THE BEST APPROACH TO MAINTAINING OUR
WEAPONS IN THE ABSENCE OF TESTING, BUT THEY ARE ALSO CAREFUL
NOT TO GUARANTEE THAT DESPITE THE UNQUESTIONED BRILLIANCE OF
THE SCIENTISTS THE STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM WILL SUCCEED
IN REPLACING TESTING. IN FACT, THE STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP
PROGRAM HAS ALREADY EXPERIENCED SETBACKS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE
NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY, WHICH IS THE LINCHPIN OF THE
PROGRAM, HAS RECENTLY FALLEN BEHIND SCHEDULE AND IS OVER
{09:57:51} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
BUDGET. IT FACES CRITICAL TECHNICAL UNCERTAINTY ABOUT A MAJOR
GOAL OF ITS DESIGN. WILL IT BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE THERMONUCLEAR
IGNITION?
ANOTHER PROBLEM WITH RELYING ON COMPUTER SIMULATION TO REPLACE
TESTING IS THE INCREASED RISK OF ESPIONAGE. FORMER LAWRENCE
LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB DIRECTOR JOHN KNUCKLE MADE THIS POINT IN
A LETTER TO ME. HE SAID ESPIONAGE, IF FACILITATED WHEN U.S.
PROGRESS IS FROZEN AND CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IS BEING
CONCENTRATED -- EXCUSE ME. LET ME RESTATE THIS, MR. PRESIDENT.
{09:58:24} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
HE SAID ESPIONAGE IS FACILITATED WHEN U.S. PROGRESS IS FROZEN
AND CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IS BEING CONCENTRATED AND ORGANIZED
IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS. IN SHORT, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE VAST
INCREASES IN COMPUTING POWER REQUIRED FOR THE STEWARDSHIP
PROGRAM, MUCH OF THE COMPUTER CODE REQUIRED FOR THE PROGRAM
WILL BE WRITTEN BY HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE AT PARTICIPATING
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. IN MANY CASES PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT
EVEN AMERICAN CITIZENS. MR. PRESIDENT, THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT
A CREDIBLE NUCLEAR DETERRENT IS JUST TOO IMPORTANT TO PUT ALL
{09:58:57} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
OUR EGGS IN THE STEWARDSHIP BASKET. IN ADDITION TO IMPAIRING
THE RELIABILITY OF OUR NUCLEAR ARSENAL, THE CTBT WILL PREVENT
US FROM MAKING OUR NUCLEAR WEAPONS AS SAFE AS THEY CAN BE AND
THIS IS EXTRAORDINARILY IMPORTANT. NUCLEAR WEAPON SAFETY HAS
ALWAYS BEEN A PARAMOUNT CONCERN OF THE UNITED STATES.
THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY OF OUR NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROGRAM, WE'VE
MADE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE THAT EVEN IN THE MOST VIOLENT OF
ACCIDENTS THERE WOULD BE A MINIMUM CHANCE OF A NUCLEAR
EXPLOSION OR RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION. THE RESULTS OF SUCH AN
ACCIDENT WOULD BE CATASTROPHIC. THAT'S WHY PRESIDENT CLINTON'S
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE BILL COHEN OPPOSED A TEST MORATORIUM WHEN
{09:59:31} (MR. KYL) { NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT }
HE WAS A SENATOR. DURING DEBATE ON AN AMENDMENT IMPOSING A
MORATORIUM ON TESTING ON AUGUST 3, 1993, THEN-SENATOR COHEN
SAID A VOTE TO HALT NUCLEAR TESTING TODAY IS A VOTE TO CONDEMN
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO LIVE WITH UNSAFE NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN
THEIR MIDST FOR YEARS AND YEARS. INDEED, UNTIL NUCLEAR WEAPONS
ARE ELIMINATED. NOT JUST A FEW UNSAFE NUCLEAR WEAPONS, BUT A
NUCLEAR STOCKPILE IN WHICH MOST OF THE WEAPONS DO NOT HAVE
CRITICAL SAFETY FEATURES.
{END: 1999/10/08 TIME: 10-00 , Fri. 106TH SENATE, FIRST SESSION}
{ NOT AN OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT OF THE SENATE PROCEEDINGS.}