World Congress of Veterinary Anesthesia (2004). September 17, 2003-September 20, 2003, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, Blackwell Publications: Oxford, UK, Vol. 31, p. 282-291.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: pain, surgery, butophanol, isoflurane, felidae, felis.

Anonymous (1997). Autumn conference of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, Bristol, UK, 25-27 September 1996. Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia 24(1): 39-43. ISSN: 0950-7817.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, veterinarians, pain, castration, neuroleptics, analgesics, cats, meeting abstracts.

Abou-Madi, N. (2006). Recent Advances in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: Companion Animals, International Veterinary Information Service: Ithica, NY,
Online: http://www.ivis.org/advances/Anesthesia_Gleed/aboumadi/chapter.asp?LA=1
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, fish, electronic book, cats, dogs, birds, small, reptiles, amphibians.

Adetunji, A., C.O. Adewoye, and R.A. Ajadi (2002). Comparison of epidural anaesthesia with lignocaine or xylazine in cats. Veterinary Journal 163(3): 335-336. ISSN: 1090-0233.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V484
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, lignocaine, xylazine, epdural.

Akkerdaas, L.C., P. Mioch, R. Sap, and L.J. Hellebrekers (2001). Cardiopulmonary effects of three different anaesthesia protocols in cats. Veterinary Quarterly 23(4): 182-186. ISSN: 0165-2176.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V46
Abstract: To develop an alternative anaesthetic regimen for cats with cardiomyopathy, the cardiopulmonary effects of three different premedication-induction protocols, followed by one hour maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen: air were evaluated in six cats. Group I: acepromazine (10 microg/kg) + buprenorphine (10 microg/kg) IM, etomidate (1-2 mg/kg) IV induction. Group II: midazolam (1 mg/kg) + ketamine (10 mg/kg) IM induction. Group III: medetomidine (1.5 mg/m2 body surface) IM, propofol (1-2 mg/kg) IV induction. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, respiration rate, and temperature were recorded for the duration of the experiment. In group I the sedative effect after premedication was limited. In the other groups the level of sedation was sufficient. In all groups premedication resulted in a reduced blood pressure which decreased further immediately following induction. The reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached statistical significance in group I (142+/-22 to 81+/-14 mmHg) and group II (153+/-28 to 98+/-20 mmHg) but not in group III (165+/-24 to 134+/-29 mmHg). Despite the decrease in blood pressure, MAP was judged to have remained within an acceptable range in all groups. During maintenance of anaesthesia, heart rate decreased significantly in group III (from 165+/-24 to 125+/-10 b.p.m. at t=80 min). During anaesthesia the PCO2 and PO2 values increased significantly in all groups. On the basis of the results, the combination acepromazine-buprenorphine is preferred because heart rate, MAP, and respiration are acceptable, it has a limited sedative effect but recovery is smooth.
Descriptors: analgesics, analgesics, anesthesia, cardiomyopathies, acepromazine, body temperature, buprenophrine, cats, dopamine antagonists, etomidate, hemodynamic processes, ketamine, medetomidine, midazolam, midazolam, propofol.

Al Gizawiy, M.M.P. and E. Rude (2004). Comparison of preoperative carprofen and postoperative butorphanol as postsurgical analgesics in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 164-174. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare carprofen to butorphanol, with regard to postsurgical analgesic effects, duration of analgesia, and adverse side effects. STUDY DESIGN: Blinded, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: Seventy-one cats, 0.5-5 years of age, weighing 3.24 +/- 0.61 kg, undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS: Cats were premedicated with subcutaneous atropine (0.04 mg kg(-1)), acepromazine (0.02 mg kg(-1)), and ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)). Anesthesia was induced with ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)) and diazepam (0.25 mg kg(-1)) given intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane. There were three treatment groups: group C (4 mg kg(-1) carprofen SC at induction), group B (0.4 mg kg(-1) butorphanol SC at end of surgery), and group S (0.08 mL kg(-1) of sterile saline SC at induction and end of surgery). Behavioral data were collected using a composite pain scale (CPS), prior to surgery (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours post-surgery. Interaction scores were analyzed separately. Cats with CPS scores >12 received rescue analgesia (meperidine, 4 mg kg(-1), intramuscular). RESULTS: Sixty cats completed the study. The CPS scores did not differ significantly between groups C and B at any time period. CPS scores for groups B and C were significantly increased for 12 hours post-surgery, and in group S for 20 hours. Both group C and B CPS scores were significantly lower than group S in this 20-hour postoperative period, except at 4 hours (B and C) and at 3 and 8 hours (B alone). Interaction scores for group C returned to preoperative baseline 4 hours after surgery, while both groups B and S remained increased for at least 24 hours post-surgery. Nine cats required meperidine. CONCLUSION: In this study, carprofen provided better postsurgical analgesia than butorphanol. Clinical relevance Neither drug completely abolished pain, however preoperative carprofen provided better pain control compared with postoperative butorphanol in the 24-hour period following OHE surgery in cats.
Descriptors: analgesics, non steroidalanti inflammatory agents, butorphanol, carbazoles, cats, postoperative pain, cats surgery, double blind method, drug administration schedule, hysterectomy, injections, pain measurement, postoperative pain, preoperative care, treatment outcome.

Alef, M. and G. Oechtering (1995). Anaesthesie bei Thoraxoperationen. [Anesthesia in thoracic surgery]. Praktische Tierarzt 76(9): 796-798. ISSN: 0032-681X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P882
Descriptors: cats, dogs, anesthesia, surgical operations, thorax, lungs, breathing, anesthetics, drugs, gas exchange, neurotropic drugs, physiological functions, respiratory system.
Language of Text: German; Summaries in German and English.

Alef, M. and G. Oechtering (1996). Anasthesie und Analgesie bei Traumapatienten [Anaesthesia and analgesia in trauma patients]. Praktische Tierarzt 77(Sondernummer): 89-92. ISSN: 0032-681X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P882
Descriptors: shock, therapy, anesthesia, analgesics, trauma, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: German.

Alef, M. and G. Oechtering (1995). Ein "Handy", die Alternative zu herkommlichen Uberwachungsgeraten? [A "Handy", the alternative to conventional anaesthesia monitoring equipment]. Kleintierpraxis 40(11): 827-841. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: monitoring, equipment, anesthesia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, small animal practice, instruments, cats.
Language of Text: German; Summaries in English and French.

Alef, M. and G. Oechtering (1995). Anasthesie bei Thoraxoperationen [Anaesthesia in thoracic surgery]. Praktische Tierarzt 76(9): 796-798. ISSN: 0032-681X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P882
Descriptors: anesthesia, surgery, surgical operations, artificial respiration, postoperative care, thorax, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Andress, J.L., T.K. Day, and D.G. Day (1995). The effects of consecutive day propofol anesthesia on feline red blood cells. Veterinary Surgery 24(3): 277-282. ISSN: 0161-3499.
NAL Call Number: SF911. V43
Descriptors: cats, erythrocytes, anesthetics, anesthesia, pulse rate, breathing, pressure, side effects, injection, application, cells, circulation, cells , drugs , gas exchange, neurotropic drugs, physiological functions, 2,6 diisopropylphenol, heinz bodies, heart rate, recovery .

Angyan, L. and Z. Angyan (2001). Respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia in cats. Neurobiology 9(2): 73-79. ISSN: 0022-3034.
NAL Call Number: QP351 J55
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of basal ganglia in altering respiration. The experiments were carried out on cats using the electrical stimulation techniques. The electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia caused locus-dependent changes both in the tidal volume and the rate of respiration. The most frequent effect of stimulation was hyperpnea and decrease in the tidal volume in awake, freely moving cats. An increase in the tidal volume appeared only as rebound-like aftereffect. The stimulation that caused hyperpnea in awake cats elicited smaller changes under chloralose or ketamine-induced anaesthesia, and, in certain cases, the stimulation produced apnea. After locally applied neurotoxic damage, the electrical stimulation failed to induce significant respiratory changes. It is suggested that the fast, small amplitude ventilation is, probably, produced by high excitation that shifts the respiratory rhythm generator towards the upper limits of its regulatory range. The slowing of ventilation might be produced by an inhibitory mechanism, which is able to cause even apnea under anaesthesia.
Descriptors: basal ganglia, respiratory mechanics, anesthesia, basal ganglia, cats, electric stimulation, electrodes, implanted, excitatory amino acid agonists toxicity, globus pallidus, globus pallidus, globus pallidus, kainic acid toxicity.

Araujo, I.C., L.G. Pompermayer, F. Antunes, A.P. de Souza, and M.A.F. Lopes (2001). Efeito analgesico do butorfanol na dor somatica em gatos anestesiados com propofol. [Analgesic effect of butorphanol on somatic pain in cats anesthetized with propofol]. Ciencia Rural 31(1): 61-66. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, neurotropic drugs.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summaries in English and Portuguese.

Axner, E., B. Strom, and C. Linde Forsberg (1997). Sperm morphology is better in the second ejaculate than in the first in domestic cats electroejaculated twice during the same period of anesthesia. Theriogenology 47(4): 929-934. ISSN: 0093-691X.
NAL Call Number: QP251.A1T5
Abstract: Several species produce ejaculates of inferior quality after a period of sexual abstinence, but the frequency of semen collection has thus far not been shown to affect sperm morphology in felids. The aim of this study was to determine whether sperm morphology and motility would differ between 2 ejaculates collected from the same cat within a short interval. Fifteen male domestic cats were anesthetized and then electroejaculated twice, with a 5- to 10-min interval between treatments. A standardized electroejaculation regimen was used with 80 stimuli, from 2 to 5 V, for each ejaculate. The first ejaculates contained significantly higher (P<0.05) proportions of distal droplets, coiled tails and immotile spermatozoa than the second ejaculates, which contained significantly higher proportions of morphologically normal spermatozoa (40.9 vs 54.6%) but a lower sperm count (39.0 X 10(6) vs 5.2 X 10(6). The higher proportions of defective spermatozoa and the lower motility in the first ejaculate than in the second were probably due to the aging of spermatozoa in the epididymis. These results show that the second ejaculate collected within a short interval has better sperm morphology and motility than the first and that this should be considered when evaluating semen quality in the domestic cat and when collecting cat semen to be used for artificial insemination or to be frozen for storage.
Descriptors: cats, spermatozoa, morphology, motility, abnormalities, electroejaculation, frequency, semen, quality, aging, ejaculatory abstinence, sperm aging.

Backman, S.B., F.E. Ralley, and G.S. Fox (1994). Anaesthesia for cardiac transplant patients. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 41(7): 655-656. ISSN: 0832-610X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cholinesterase inhibitors, heart rate, heart transplantation, surgical procedures, bradycardia, cats, neostigmine, parasympathomimetics.
Notes: Comment On: Can J Anaesth. 1993 Oct;40(10):981-6.

Balmer, T. and A. Curwen (1997). Analgesia in cats [Use of caprofen is unlicenced. Correspondence]. Veterinary Record 140(16): 435. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: drugs, surgical operations, analgesics, cats, neurotropic drugs, caprofen, postoperative care.

Barsotti, G., M.C. Malatesta, P. Melanie, and G. Breghi (1999). Anaesthetic management of dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus [Gestione anestesiologica del cane e del gatto diabetici]. Annali Della Facolta Di Medicina Veterinaria Di Pisa 52: 329-347. ISSN: 0365-4729.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 P67
Descriptors: anesthesia, diabetes mellitus, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: Italian; Summary in English.

Beckman, B. and L. Legendre (2002). Regional nerve blocks for oral surgery in companion animals. Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 24(6): 439-444. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .C66
Descriptors: dogs, cats, local anesthesia, peripheral nerves, dentistry, local anesthetics, small animal practice, bupivacaine.

Benson, G.J. (1996). Anesthetic emergencies - cardiac arrest. In: Small Animal's Anesthesia., Djurkliniken.: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 113-115.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, heart rate, resuscitation, circulation, disease control, physiological functions, therapy .

Benson, G.J. (1996). Anesthesia for neonates and geriatric patients. In: Small Animal' s Anesthesia, Djurkliniken: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 85-90.
Descriptors: puppies, kittens, dogs, cats, age, young animals, geriatric animals.

Best, P. (2001). Use of anticholinergics in veterinary anaesthesia. Australian Veterinary Journal 79(1): 22-3. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8.Au72
Abstract: This viewpoint examines the time-honoured and popular use of anti-cholinergics in veterinary anaesthesia. The disadvantages of routine use and specific indications for the use of these useful drugs are discussed.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cholinergic antagonists, preanesthetic medication, cats, dogs, horses.

Blaze, C.A. and M.M. Glowaski (2004). Veterinary Anesthesia Drug Quick Reference, Vol. X, Elsevier, Saunders: Missouri, 324 p. ISBN: 0721602606.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .B53 2004
Descriptors: anesthesia, case studies, dosage, drugs, electrocardiograms, resuscitation, cats, cattle, dogs, ferrets, goats, horses, pigs, rabbits, sheep, veterinarians.

Borenstein, N. and C. Desbois (1999). Anestesia in situazioni d'urgenza. [Anaesthesia in case of emergency]. Summa 16(9): 185-192.
Descriptors: emergencies, anesthesia, intensive care, trauma, anesthetics, postoperative care, cats.
Language of Text: Italian; Summary in English.

Borges, K.D.A., F.A.B. Viana, G.O.R. Alves, and D.S. Salmeron (2004). Uso do cetoprofeno como analgesico e antiinflamatorio no pos-operatorio de tecidos moles [Use of ketoprofen as an analgesic and antiinflamatory drug in post-operative procedures in soft tissues] . A Hora Veterinaria 24(142): 25-29. ISSN: 0101-9163.
Descriptors: animal tissues, ketoprofen, pain, surgery, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summaries in English and French.

Bostroem, I. (1996). Smaertlindring aat katt [Analgesia for cats] . In: Foerdjupningsarbete, Ultunabiblioteket, POB 7071, S-750 07 Uppsala - Sweden, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv: Uppsala, Sweden
Descriptors: cats, pain, analgesics, drugs , neurophysiology , neurotropic drugs, butorphanol .
Language of Text: Swedish; Summaries in English and Swedish.

Brock, K.A. (2001). Preanaesthetic use of atropine in small animals. Australian Veterinary Journal 79(1): 24-5. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8.Au72
Abstract: Although it is unwise to recommend any preanaesthetic drug or regimen to be used routinely without consideration for the individual patient, the procedure being undertaken or the other drugs that will be used during the anaesthetic, of all anaesthetic-related drugs that might be under review, atropine is probably one of the least 'toxic' and least likely to cause life-threatening complications when used correctly. In most small veterinary practices there isn't the luxury of a dedicated anaesthetist available to monitor and manage each anaesthetised patient and the best form of cardiac monitor available may be an audible rate monitor. In this situation the advantages combined with the usual indications probably far outweigh the disadvantages of using atropine prophylactically. If a choice must be made, a sinus tachycardia under anaesthesia is probably preferable to a profound bradyarrhythmia. Absolute contraindications for using atropine are rare; the drug, when used alone, has low incidence of toxicity at clinically recommended doses in dogs and cats. Further, the new inhalation agents available to veterinarians (enflurane and isoflurane) do not sensitise the heart to the effect of catecholamines, so that the predominance of sympathetic tone produced when atropine is used is unlikely to precipitate dysarrthythmias during gaseous anaesthesia. Rhythm disturbances that occur under halothane anaesthesia when atropine is used, suggest there is some other cause, or agent, that is arrhythmogenic, such as an alpha 2 agonist, excessively deep level of anaesthesia, hypercapnia or hypoxaemia. Notwithstanding the above arguments, my preference, as a specialist anaesthetist, is that a drug is given only as required (not before) and that when, for example, any unusual heart rhythm occurs, all possible reasons for the occurrence (such as excessively deep anaesthesia or hypoventilation) are eliminated before other drugs like atropine or antiarrhythmics are administered.
Descriptors: adjuvants, anesthesia, atropine, muscarinic antagonists, preanesthetic medication, cats, dogs.

Brock, N. (1995). Premedication of fragile dogs and cats. Candian Veterinary Journal 36(8): 474-475. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: dogs, cats, preanesthetic medication, anesthesia, opioids.

Budic, Z.Z., Z.L. Cvetkovic and B.A. Petkovic (1997). Anestezija Malih Zivotinja. [Anesthesia of Small Animals], Prosveta : Nis,Yugoslavia, 115 p. ISBN: 8674552978.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, veterinary medicine.
Language of Text: Serbian.

Camara Filho, J.A., L.S. Ramadinha, M.R. Rodrigues, R.L. Silveira, and P.A. Caldas (2000). Utilizacao do sitio sacrococcigeo na anestesia epidural em gatos domesticos [Use of the sacrococcygeal space in the epidural anaesthesia of cats]. Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Veterinaria 7(3): 175-178. ISSN: 1413-0130.
Descriptors: anesthesia, local anesthesia, techniques, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese with a summary in English.

Campbell, V.L. (2005). Anesthetic protocols for common emergencies. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice 35(2): 435-453. ISSN: 0195-5616.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V523
Descriptors: anesthesia, emergencies, reviews, practice, cats.

Capner, C.A., B.D.X. Lascelles, and A.E. Waterman Pearson (1997). Survey of attitudes in UK veterinary surgeons to perioperative analgesia. Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia 24(1): 42. ISSN: 0950-7817.
Descriptors: veterinarians, human behavior, analgesics, surgical operations, animal pain, medicine, cats, behavior, neurotropic drugs, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Notes: Meeting Information: Autumn conference of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, Bristol, UK, 25-27 September 1996.

Carpenter, R.E., G.R. Pettifer, and W.J. Tranquilli (2005). Anesthesia for geriatric patients. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice 35(3): 571-580. ISSN: 0195-5616.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V523
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, animal, dosage, geriatrics, old age, preoperative care, cats.

Carroll, G.L., L.B. Howe, M.R. Slater, L. Haughn, E.A. Martinez, S.M. Hartsfield, and N.S. Matthews (1998). Evaluation of analgesia provided by postoperative administration of butorphanol to cats undergoing onychectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 213(2): 246-250. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: cats, analgesics, surgical operations, claws, removal, recovery, lameness.

Carroll, G.L., L.B. Howe, and K.D. Peterson (2005). Analgesic efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam or butorphanol in onychectomized cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226(6): 913-919. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: pharmaceuticals , medicine, neutering, cats, clinical techniques, onychectomy, analgesia, lameness score , meloxicam, butorphanol, acepromazine, PCV, BUN, glucose.

Cassu, R.N., S.P. Luna, F.J. Teixeira Neto, J.R. Braz, S.S. Gasparini, and A.J. Crocci (2004). Evaluation of laryngeal mask as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in cats anesthetized under spontaneous or controlled ventilation. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 213-221. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiorespiratory effects and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with the use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or endotracheal tube (ET) in anesthetized cats during spontaneous (SV) or controlled ventilation (CV). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS: Thirty-two adult crossbred cats, weighing 2.7 +/- 0.4 kg. METHODS: The cats were sedated with intramuscular (IM) methotrimeprazine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg(-1)), followed 30 minutes later by induction of anesthesia with intravenous (IV) thiopental (12.5-20 mg kg(-1)). An ET was used in 16 cats and an LMA in the remaining 16 animals. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (0.6%) of halothane in oxygen using a Mapleson D breathing system. Cats in both groups were further divided into two equal groups (n = 8), undergoing either SV or CV. Neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium (0.06 mg kg(-1)) was used to facilitate CV. Heart and respiratory rates, direct arterial blood pressure, capnometry (PE'CO2) and arterial blood gases were measured. Gastric reflux and possible aspiration was investigated by intragastric administration of 5 mL of radiographic contrast immediately after induction of anesthesia. Cervical and thoracic radiographs were taken at the end of anesthesia. Data were analyzed using anova followed by Student-Newman-Keuls, Kruskal-Wallis or Friedman test where appropriate. RESULTS: Values for PaCO2 and PE'CO2 were higher in spontaneously breathing cats with the LMA when compared with other groups. Values of PaO2 and hemoglobin oxygen saturation did not differ between groups. Gastroesophageal reflux occurred in four of eight and two of eight cats undergoing CV with ET or LMA, respectively. There was no tracheal or pulmonary aspiration in any cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of an LMA may be used as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in anesthetized cats. Although aspiration was not observed, gastric reflux may occur in mechanically ventilated animals.
Descriptors: cats, intubation, laryngeal masks, intravenous anesthetics, carbon dioxide, gastresophageal reflux, respiration, thiopental.

Champagnat, J. and D.W. Richter (1994). The roles of k+ conductance in expiratory pattern generation in anaesthetized cats. The Journal of Physiology 479(1): 127-138. ISSN: 0022-3751.
NAL Call Number: 447.8 J82
Descriptors: caesium, tetraethylammonium, K+ current blockers, cell biology, membranes , respiratory system, anesthesia, cats, GABA B receptor, calcium.

Chen, B.X., Z.C. Hua, and T.Z. Deng (1995). Effect of dexmedetomidine on spinal evoked potentials in cats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 80(2 SUPPL.): S70. ISSN: 0003-2999.
Descriptors: cell biology, neural coordination, adrenoceptor, analgesic drug, dexmedetomidine, nociception , pharmacodynamics .

Clutton, E. and P. Pascoe (2003). Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists . Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists 27th Annual Meeting, October 10, 2002-October 11, 2002, Orlando, Florida, Blackwell: Oxford, UK, Vol. 30, p. 100-120.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: acepromazine, anesthesia, anesthetics, analgesics, butorphanol, diazepam, isoflurane, ketamine, laboratory animals, lidocaine, medetomidine, pharmacodynamics, propofol, surgery, thiopental, urethane, xylazine, cats.

Clutton, E. and P. Pascoe (2003). Proceedings of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists . Proceedings of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Autumn Meeting, September 26, 2002-September 28, 2002, Crete, Greece, Blackwell: Oxford, UK, Vol. 30, p. 88-99.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: acepromazine, anesthesia, analgesics, conferences, detomidine, fentanyl, halothane, isoflurane, ketoprofen, lambs, medetomidine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, piglets, surgery, xylazine, cats.

Cornick Seahorn, J.L. (1994). Anesthetic management of patients with cardiovascular disease. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 16(9): 1121-1193. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .C66
Descriptors: dogs, cats, circulatory disorders, anesthesia, circulation, genetic disorders, cardiovascular agents, disorders , drugs , functional disorders, physiological functions, hemodynamics , arrhythmia , congenital abnormalities, preanesthetic medication, literature reviews.

Cornick Seahorn, J.L. (1998). L'anestesia nei soggetti con malattie cardiovascolari. [Anaesthetic management of patients with cardiovascular disease]. Veterinaria Cremona 12(4): 39-57. ISSN: 0394-3151.
Descriptors: anesthesia, drugs, heart diseases, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: Italian; Summary in English.

Crawford, P. (2004). Dental anaesthesia techniques. Veterinary Nursing Times 4(11): 6-7.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, analgesics, dentistry, neuroleptics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, peripheral nerves, surgery, techniques, teeth, cats, horses.

Cruz, M.L., S.P.L. Luna, G.B. Castro, F. Massone, and A.L. Rosa (2000). A preliminary trial comparison of several anesthetic techniques in cats. Candian Veterinary Journal 41(6): 481-485. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, drug combinations, atropine, xylazine, fentanyl, anesthetics, heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature, romifidine , methotrimeprazine , midazolam .
Language of Text: English; Summary in French.

Cullen, C.L., C. Lim, and J. Sykes (2005). Tear film breakup times in young healthy cats before and after anesthesia. Veterinary Ophthalmology 8(3): 159-165. ISSN: 1463-5216.
Online: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/vop
NAL Call Number: SF891 .V47
Descriptors: anesthesia, aqueous humour, conjunctiva, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, lipids, mucins, tears, cats, feline herpesvirus, Mycoplasma.

Cunha, J.M., S.R.G. Cortopassi, and A. Machado (2002). [Analgesia transoperatoria induzida pela morfina ou meperidina em gatos submetidos a osteossintese] Transoperative analgesia induced by morphine or meperedine in cats submitted to osteosynthesis . Ciencia Rural 32(1): 67-72. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: cats, bone diseases, surgical operations, morphine, anesthesia, Sao Paulo, alkaloids , america , Brazil , musculoskeletal diseases, organic diseases, South America, gato , osteossintese .
Language of Text: Portuguese.

Dobromylskyj, P. (1996). Cardiovascular changes associated with anaesthesia induced by medetomidine combined with ketamine in cats. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 37(4): 169-72. ISSN: 0022-4510.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J8292
Abstract: Fifteen cats had anaesthesia induced by intramuscular injection of medetomidine combined with ketamine. By five minutes after drug administration, heart rate had decreased by 31 per cent, respiratory rate had decreased by 70 per cent and systolic blood pressure had increased by 69 per cent. Atipamezole administration was associated with a decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in heart and respiratory rates. Time to first head lift was eight minutes and to sternal recumbency 12 minutes after atipamezole administration. Postoperative analgesia was provided by methadone, administered when the cats adopted sternal recumbency.
Descriptors: anesthesia, general, anesthetics, dissociative, hemodynamic processes, hypnotics and sedatives, imidazoles, ketamine, pressure, castration, cats, drug combinations, heart rate, injections, intramuscular, medetomidine, respiration, time factors.

Dugdale, A. (2004). Capnography for anaesthesia. Veterinary Times 34(43): 14-16. ISSN: 1352-9374.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, circulation, carbon dioxide, cardiac output, equipment, methodology, pets, pharmacodynamics, respiration, respiration rate, ventilation, cats.

Duke, T. (1995). A new intravenous anesthetic agent: propofol. Candian Veterinary Journal 36(3): 181-183. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: dogs, cats, injectable anesthetics, propofol, anesthesia, pharmacodynamics.

Dunn, K. (2005). Anaesthesia in the geriatric small animal. Veterinary Times 35(11): 10-11. ISSN: 1352-9374.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, geriatrics, old age, pets, pharmacodynamics, preanesthetic medication, respiratory system, safety, cats.

Dye, T. (2004). Respiratory complications associated with anaesthesia - Part 2. Veterinary Times 34(47): 8. ISSN: 1352-9374.
Descriptors: adverse effects, anesthesia, anesthetics, clinical aspects, larynx, nasopharynx, respiratory diseases, trachea, cats.

Egger, C.M., L.E. Glerum, S.W. Allen, and M. Haag (2003). Plasma fentanyl concentrations in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy using transdermal administration. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 30(4): 229-36. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved over time with transdermal fentanyl patches in awake cats and cats undergoing anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: Twenty-four purpose-bred cats. METHODS: Cats were randomly assigned to three groups for Part I of a larger concurrent study. Group P received only a 25 micro g hour-1 transdermal fentanyl patch. Group P/A received the patch and anesthesia. Group A received only anesthesia. After a minimum 1-week washout period, the cats were randomly reassigned to two groups for Part II of the larger study. Group P/A/O received the patch, anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Group A/O received anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy. Patches were left in place for 72 hours and plasma samples were obtained for fentanyl analysis while the patches were in place, and for 8 hours after patch removal for cats in Group P, P/A, and P/A/O. RESULTS: The 25 micro g hour-1 transdermal fentanyl patches were well tolerated by the cats in this study (mean body weight of 3.0 kg) and no overt adverse effects were noted. Mean plasma fentanyl concentrations over time, mean plasma fentanyl concentrations at specific times (8, 25, 49, and 73 hours after patch placement), time to first detectable plasma fentanyl concentration, time to reach maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, maximum plasma fentanyl concentration, mean plasma fentanyl concentration from 8 to 73 hours, elimination half-life, and total area under concentration (AUC) were not statistically different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Halothane anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy did not significantly alter the plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved or pharmacokinetic parameters measured, when compared with awake cats. There was a high degree of individual variability observed both within and between groups of cats in parameters measured. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The high degree of variability observed suggests that careful observation of cats with fentanyl patches in place is required to assess efficacy and any potential adverse effects. Anesthesia and anesthesia/ovariohysterectomy do not appear to alter plasma fentanyl concentrations achieved by placement of a 25 micro g hour-1 transdermal fentanyl patch when compared to cats not undergoing these procedures.
Descriptors: analgesics, cats, cutaneous administration, analgesics, anesthesia, area under curve, animal behavior, cats surgery, fentanyl, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, pain measurement, prospective studies, wakefulness.

Erhardt, W., R. Kostlin, and J. Henke (2001). Anasthesie zu Untersuchungen und Operationen am Auge beim Kleintier: Ein Uberblick [Anaesthesia for ophthalmologic examination and surgery in small animals. An overview]. Tierarztliche Praxis 29(6): 339-345. ISSN: 1434-1239.
NAL Call Number: SF603 .V433
Descriptors: anesthesia, eye diseases, surgery, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Erkert, R.S. and C.G. MacAllister (2005). Use of a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% as a local anesthetic in animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226(12): 1990-1992. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: adverse effects, anesthesia, drug combinations, drug formulations, lidocaine, local anaesthetics, methaemoglobin, medicine, cats, dogs.

Eurides, D., P.M.C. Freitas, F.C.D. Mota, E.d.A. Naves, L.A.F.d. Silva, M.d.S. Melo, M.R. Goulart, and R. Resende (2002). Utilizacao da prilocaina na anesthesia perineural do membro pelvico em gatos (Felis domestica). [Use of prilocaine for the perineural anaesthesia of pelvic/hind limb in cats (Felis domestica)]. A Hora Veterinaria 22(130): 55-57. ISSN: 0101-9163.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, limbs, pharmacodynamics, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summary in English.

Farber, N.E., E. Samso, D. Schwabe, and W.T. Schmeling (1994). Dexmedetomidine modulates cardiovascular responses to stimulations of central nervous system pressor sites in cats anesthetized with halothane. Anesthesia and Analgesia 78(2 Suppl.): S106. ISSN: 0003-2999.
Descriptors: dexmedetomidine, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, halothane, anesthesia, cats, cell biology, drug interactions, telencepHalic electrical activity, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: 68th Clinical and Scientific Congress of the International Anesthesia Research Society, March 5-9, 1994; Orlando, Florida.

Farber, N.E., D. Schwabe, J. Schmidt, J.P. Kampine, and W.T. Schmeling (1995). Desflurane attenuates cns-mediated pressor responses in cats: A comparison with halothane and isoflurane. Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 9(3): A393. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301 .F3
Descriptors: cardiovascular regulation, central nervous system, desflurane, general anesthetic drugs, halothane, isoflurane, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Experimental Biology 95, Part I, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; April 9-13, 1995.

Gantke, S. and U. Matis (2002). Atemgasklimatisierung beim intubierten Kleintier in Abhangigkeit von Korpermasse und Frischgasfluss [Climatisation of anesthetic gases in the intubated small animal as a function of body weight and fresh gas flow]. Tierarztliche Praxis 30(3): 164-171. ISSN: 1434-1239.
NAL Call Number: SF603 .V433
Descriptors: acclimatization, anesthesia, body weight, humidity, inhaled anaesthetics, respiration, temperature, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Garcia Fernandez, P., I. Alvarez Gomez de Segura, and J. Benito de la Vibora (2001). Protocolos anestesicos y analgesicos en procedimientos quirurgicos habituales. [Anesthetic and analgesic protocols in usual surgery procedures]. Canis Et Felis(no.53): 65-72. ISSN: 1133-2751.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, surgical operations, analgesics, anesthetics, neurotropic drugs.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Garrod, L.A. and L. Wetmore (2000). Trauma y anestesia. [Trauma and anaesthesia]. Selecciones Veterinarias 8(4): 358-362. ISSN: 0327-859X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, trauma, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Gaschen, F., L. Gaschen, G. Seiler, M. Welle, V.B. Jaunin, D.G. Jmaa, G. Neiger Aeschbacher, and M. Ade Damilano (1998). Lethal peracute rhabdomyolysis associated with stress and general anesthesia in three dystrophin-deficient cats. Veterinary Pathology 35(2): 117-123. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: cats, muscular diseases, anesthesia, muscular dystrophy, proteins, necrosis, lesions, muscles, age, case studies, cell membranes, stress, metabolic disorders, potassium, phosphorus, hypercalcaemia, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acidosis, mortality, symptoms, alkali metals, aminotransferases , body parts, cell structure, disorders , elements , enzymes , metabolic disorders, metallic elements, muscular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal system, nonmetals , organic diseases, phosphotransferases , transferases , contractile proteins, isoflurane , deficiency , skeletal muscle, histochemistry , hyperkalemia , hyperphosphatemia , hypercalcemia .

Ghanawat, H.G. and M.B. Mantri (1996). Ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anaesthesia in cats. Indian Veterinary Journal 73(2): 184-187. ISSN: 0019-6479.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: nervous system, respiration, medicine, cats, diazepam, general anesthetic drug, heart rate, ketamine, muscle relaxation, premedication, recovery rate, temperature, xylazine .

Giselle, H. (2001). Anestesia en pediatria. [Anaesthesia of pups and kittens.]. Selecciones Veterinarias 9(3): 255-264. ISSN: 0327-859X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, kittens, puppies, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Golden, A.L., J.M. Bright, G.B. Daniel, D. Fefee, D. Schmidt, and R.C. Harvey (1998). Cardiovascular effects of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist medetomidine in clinically normal cats anesthetized with isoflurane. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59(4): 509-513. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: effects, medetomidine, isoflurane, pressure, heart rate, flow, intramuscular injection, cats.

Gomez Villamandos, R.J., J.M. Santisteban, J.I. Redondo, J.M. Dominguez, M.E. Galka, I. Ruiz, and I. Avila (1998). Los anticolinergicos en anestesia veterinaria [Anticholinergic drugs in veterinary anaesthesia]. Medicina Veterinaria 15(4): 197-211. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Descriptors: atropine, anesthesia, parasympatholytics, domestic animals, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: Spanish; Summary in English.

Grunbaum, E.G. (1997). Kutyak es macskak muteti altatas utani veseelegtelensegenek megelozese es kezelese. [Prevention and treatment of kidney failure after anaesthesia in dogs and cats.]. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 119(11): 698-700. ISSN: 0025-004X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, disease prevention, kidney diseases, cats.
Language of Text: Hungarian.

Guzel, O. (2003). Kedi ve kopeklerde kullanlan anestetik ajanlarn kalp uzerine etkileri [Effects of anesthetic agents used in cats and dogs on the heart]. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 9(2): 215-218. ISSN: 1300-6045.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, arrhythmia, heart, cats.
Language of Text: Turkish; Summary in English.

Hai, M.A., M.A. Hossain, and M.M. Rahman (1996). Effects of certain general anaesthetics on clinical and haematological parameters in cats. Bangladesh Veterinary Journal 30(1/2): 47-52. ISSN: 0378-8113.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, xylazine, ketamine, diazepam, hematology, respiration rate, leukocyte count, neutrophils, erythrocyte count, body temperature, cats.

Hall, L. (1996). Outpatient anaesthesia for dogs and cats. In: Small Animal' s Anesthesia., Djurkliniken.: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 125-126.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, disease control, drugs , neurotropic drugs, therapy .

Hall, L. (1996). Post-operative analgesia for dogs and cats. In: Small Animal' s Anesthesia., Djurkliniken: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 27-31.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, analgesics, surgical operations, pain, disease control, drugs , neurotropic drugs, therapy .

Hall, L. (1996). History of veterinary anaesthesia in Europe- 1946-1996: Small animals. In: Small Animal' s Anesthesia., Djurkliniken: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 9-11.
Descriptors: cats, dogs, anesthetics, Europe, history, drugs , neurotropic drugs.

Hall, T.L., T. Duke, H.G.C. Townsend, N.A. Caulkett, and S.L. Cantwell (1999). The effect of opioid and acepromazine premedication on the anesthetic induction dose of propofol in cats. Candian Veterinary Journal 40(12): 867-870. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: cats, preanesthetic medication, opioids, acepromazine, dosage, propofol, anesthesia.
Language of Text: English; Summary in French.

Hansen, B. (1997). Appendix:Drug [analgesic] dosage recommendations. Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Small Animal 12(2): 139-142. ISSN: 0882-0511.
NAL Call Number: SF911 .S45
Descriptors: drug therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, local anaesthesia, analgesics, cats.

Hansen, B.D. (1994). Analgesic therapy. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 16(7): 868-875. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601.C66
Descriptors: dogs, cats, pain, analgesics, agonists, surgical operations, joint diseases, disease control, drugs , neurophysiology , neurotropic drugs, organic diseases, therapy , extralabel use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, opioid agonists, opioid agonist antagonists, dosage , postoperative care, osteoarthritis .

Hansson, M. and E. Aengeby (1996). Evaluation of the anaesthetic effect of saffan in combination with medetomidine for cats. Djurkliniken: Moelndal (Sweden) , p. 141-143.
Descriptors: cats, anesthetics, drugs , neurotropic drugs.

Hellsten, C. (1998). Kipulaakkeiden kaytto kissalla. Kirjallisuuskatsaus. II. Opioidit ja alpha 2-agonistit. [Use of analgesics in cats. A literature study. II. Opioids and alpha 2-agonists]. Suomen Elainlaakarilehti 104(1): 7-11. ISSN: 0039-5501.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 F49
Descriptors: drugs, reviews, dosage, opioids, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, neurotropic drugs, cats.
Language of Text: Finnish; Summary in English.

Hellyer, P.W. (1996). General anesthesia for dogs and cats. Veterinary Medicine 91(4): 314-325. ISSN: 8750-7943.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 M69
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, costs, drugs , neurotropic drugs, preanesthetic medication.

Henke, J. and W. Erhardt (1996). Die Hyperkapnie als Narkosekomplikation im Rahmen einer Hypoventilation [Hypercapnia as a complication in anaesthesia caused by hypoventilation]. Praktische Tierarzt 77(5): 390-396. ISSN: 0032-681X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P882
Descriptors: adverse effects, hypercapnia, acidosis, reviews, anesthesia, carbon dioxide, disorders, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Hikasa, Y. (1994). Feline inhalation anaesthesia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 47(12): 1001-1005. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Hikasa, Y., H. Kawanabe, K. Takase, and S. Ogasawara (1996). Comparisons of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia in spontaneously breathing cats. Veterinary Surgery 25(3): 234-243. ISSN: 0161-3499.
NAL Call Number: SF911. V43
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, nitrous oxide, pressure, halothane, heart rate, gas exchange, respiratory disorders, anesthetics, acidosis, circulation, disorders , drugs , functional disorders, metabolic disorders, neurotropic drugs, nitrogen oxides, organic halogen compounds, organochlorine compounds, oxides , physiological functions, heart rate, respiration rate, hypercapnia , inhaled anesthetics.

Hikasa, Y., C. Okabe, K. Takase, and S. Ogasawara (1996). Ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of adrenaline during sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anaesthesia either with or without ketamine or thiopentone in cats. Research in Veterinary Science 60(2): 134-7. ISSN: 0034-5288.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R312
Abstract: The doses of adrenaline required to induce ventricular arrhythmia during sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia, either with or without infusions of ketamine (76 micrograms kg-1 min-1) or thiopentone (0.5 mg kg-1 min-1), were determined in cats. Groups of six to eight cats were maintained at end-tidal concentrations equivalent to 1.25 times the minimal alveolar concentration of each anaesthetic. The mean dose of adrenaline required to induce arrhythmia during sevoflurane anaesthesia (19.0 micrograms kg-1) was approximately 11 times higher than that required during halothane anaesthesia (1.66 micrograms kg-1) and the same as that required during isoflurane anaesthesia (19.0 micrograms kg-1). Ketamine tended to decrease the requirement of adrenaline during halothane anaesthesia, but not significantly, and did not change the requirement during isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. Thiopentone did not change the requirement for adrenaline during halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. It was concluded that either with or without ketamine or thiopentone, the effect of sevoflurane on the sensitisation of the feline myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effects of adrenaline was significantly less than that of halothane and not different from that of isoflurane.
Descriptors: anesthesia, general, anesthetics, dissociative, anesthetics, general, epinephrine, methyl ethers, ventricular fibrillation, intravenous anesthetics, pressure, cats, diastole, ethers, halothane, isoflurane, ketamine, systole, thiopental, tidal volume, ventricular fibrillation.

Hikasa, Y., M. Yamashita, K. Takase, and S. Ogasawara (1998). Prolonged sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia in oxygen using rebreathing or non-rebreathing system in cats. The Journal of Veterinary Medicine 45(9): 559-575. ISSN: 0931-184X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z5
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, isoflurane, halothane, anesthetics, oxygen, respiration, clinical aspects, heart rate, acidosis, pressure, carbon dioxide, enzyme activity, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, sugar, glucose, urea, nitrogen, insulin.

Hikasa, Y., T. Yoshikai, K. Takase, and S. Ogasawara (1997). Comparisons of prolonged sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anaesthesia combined with nitrous oxide in spontaneously breathing cats. Zentralblatt Fur Veterinarmedizin/ Reihe A 44(7): 427-442. ISSN: 0514-7158.
Abstract: The clinical, cardiopulmonary, haematologic, and serum biochemical effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia with 66% nitrous oxide, were compared in healthy, premedicated cats breathing spontaneously during 6 h of anaesthesia. Recovery time from anaesthesia with sevoflurane-nitrous oxide was more rapid than that with halothane-nitrous oxide, but it does not differ from that with isoflurane-nitrous oxide. The degree of respiratory acidosis with sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia was similar to that with isoflurane-nitrous oxide and was less than that with halothane-nitrous oxide. There were no significant differences among the groups in the heart rate, arterial pressures, haematological and serum biochemical values. The three anaesthetic regimens induced a similar degree of hyperglycemia during anaesthesia. Serum biochemical examination did not reveal apparent hepatic or renal injuries after each anaesthesia. Time-related increases in respiration rate and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure were observed during prolonged halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. No significant time-related changes in cardiopulmonary variables were observed during either sevoflurane- or isoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Therefore, sevoflurane-nitrous oxide may be used as an effective and safe anaesthetic combination similar to isoflurane-nitrous oxide for long-term anaesthesia in healthy cats.
Descriptors: combined anesthetics, inhalation anesthetics, cats, ethers, halothane, isoflurane, methyl ethers, nitrous oxide, respiration.

Hird, J.F.R. (1996). The clinical use of medetomidine and atipamezole for sedation and anesthesia. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference: Eastern States Veterinary Assocaition 10: 432-434.
NAL Call Number: SF605.N672
Descriptors: dogs, cats, drug combinations, anesthesia, medetomidine, atipamezole.

Hodgson, D.S., C.I. Dunlop, P.L. Chapman, and J.L. Grandy (1998). Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia induced and maintained with isoflurane in cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59(2): 182-185. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, drugs, cardiovascular system, circulation, composition, respiratory system, gases, respiration, body parts, drugs , fluids , neurotropic drugs, physical states, physiological functions, inhaled anesthetics, hemodynamics , respiratory gases, lung ventilation.

Hofmeister, E.H. (2003). Anesthesia for the acute abdomen patient. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 18(1): 45-52. ISSN: 1096-2867.
NAL Call Number: SF911. S45
Descriptors: abdomen, anesthesia, anesthetics, cardiovascular system, digestive system diseases, oxygen requirement, pain, pharmacodynamics, postoperative care, cats, dogs.

Housiaux, N. and E. Troncy (2002). Gestion de la douleur chez les carnivores domestiques: l' analgesie transcutanee est bien toleree. [Management of pain in domestic carnivores: transcutaneous analgesia is well tolerated.]. Le Point Veterinaire 33(225): 50-53. ISSN: 0303-4997.
NAL Call Number: SF602.P6
Descriptors: cats, pain, analgesics, application, drugs , neurotropic drugs.
Language of Text: French.

Hugonnard, M., A. Leblond, S. Keroack, J.L. Cadore, and E. Troncy (2004). Attitudes and concerns of French veterinarians towards pain and analgesia in dogs and cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 154-163. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the attitudes of French veterinarians to pain, and their provision of analgesia to animals, with that reported from other countries. STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiological study. METHODS: In June 1999, 379 French veterinarians were surveyed to ascertain their views on pain evaluation and control in dogs and cats, and their use of analgesics in daily practice. Survey results are expressed as a percentage of responses. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 189 veterinarians (49.9%). The response rate was influenced by age (younger veterinarians were more likely to respond) but not gender. A majority (99.5%) expressed moderate to extreme concern over pain in their patients. Pain evaluation was based on the animal's attitude (88.3% dogs, 82.5% cats), interaction with the caregiver, response to palpation of the painful area (66.5% dogs, 62.7% cats) and inappetence (29.3% dogs, 46.3% cats, p < 0.001). Only 14.3% of respondents considered their knowledge of pain recognition to be inadequate. Many (58.8%) considered their methods of pain quantification and control (47% dogs, 59% cats) to be inadequate. Difficulties in recognizing pain (58.3%), a lack of knowledge in the appropriate use of analgesics (41.7%) and fear of drug side effects (30%) were used to explain inadequate provision of analgesia. Only 16.1 and 8.1% used opioids in dogs and cats, respectively. This low level of use resulted from the imposition of French narcotic legislation (79.9%) and lack of knowledge of opioid pharmacology (73.7%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids were the most commonly used analgesics in both species (100% (dogs) and 96.7% (cats)). The most popular NSAID used in France was tolfenamic acid, followed by meloxicam (dogs), ketoprofen, nimesulide (cats) and carprofen (dogs). The type of surgery performed influenced the use of analgesics, from 17.2% for castration to 83.7% for orthopaedic procedures. Nonsurgical conditions believed to warrant analgesia included osteoarthritis (97.8%), trauma (97.3%) and bone neoplasia (93.4%). Female veterinarians were more likely than males to evaluate pain and provide analgesia. CONCLUSION: French practitioners demonstrate a level of interest in analgesia, which appears to be at least equivalent to that reported from English-speaking countries. The signs used to indicate the presence of pain do not, in general, appear to differ. Excessive confidence in their ability to recognize pain (despite a general ignorance of the subject), the minor role of animal health technicians in pain management and misconceptions about analgesics (mainly opioids) are French pecularities.
Descriptors: analgesia utilization, attitude of health personnel, cats, dogs, pain, veterinarians in France, pain measurement, questionnaires.

Ide, T., Y. Okitsu, S. Nehashi, F. Yamamoto, and T. Nishino (2001). The effect of epidural anesthesia on respiratory distress induced by airway occlusion in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 92(3): 749-54. ISSN: 0003-2999.
Abstract: The role of afferent information from the chest wall in the genesis of dyspnea is not fully elucidated. We have developed an animal model for the study of airway occlusion (AO) and proposed new concepts of minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration for AO (MACAOR) and the duration from the start of AO to the onset of the positive motor response (DOCCL) to evaluate respiratory distress quantitatively. We examined the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on respiratory distress by using our animal model. Adult cats (n = 24) were anesthetized with isoflurane, and an epidural catheter was placed after T9 laminectomy. After determination of MACAOR, DOCCL was measured. Animals were then randomly assigned into three groups: the EPD Group (n = 12) received epidural 1% lidocaine (0.4 mL/kg), IM saline (0.4 mL/kg), and saline infusion. The IM Group (n = 6) received epidural saline (0.4 mL/kg), IM 1% lidocaine (1 mL/kg), and saline infusion. The PHE Group (n = 6) received epidural 1% lidocaine (0.4 mL/kg) and IV phenylephrine (0.5-1 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) to maintain a stable arterial blood pressure. DOCCL and MACAOR were measured in each animal at 15 min after the administration of drugs. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured before and after epidural or IM injection. DOCCL was significantly longer after epidural injection in all groups than before the injection. Although there was no significant difference in the values of MACAOR between before and after the epidural injection in the EPD Group, the IM administration of lidocaine in the IM Group significantly reduced MACAOR. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine were similar in all groups at all measurement points. Our data indicate that thoracic epidural anesthesia using 1% lidocaine significantly reduced respiratory distress induced by AO. This effect is most likely caused by a systemic effect of lidocaine rather than by reduced afferent information from the chest wall. IMPLICATIONS: Thoracic epidural anesthesia reduced respiratory distress induced by airway occlusion. This effect is most likely caused by the systemic effect of lidocaine, rather than by the reduced afferent information from the chest wall.
Descriptors: anesthesia, epidural, inhalation anesthetics, dyspnea, isoflurane, lidocaine, respiration, pressure, cats, heart rate, lidocaine.

Itoh, N. and S. Itoh (1996). Efficacy of atipamezole on xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in cats. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 49(3): 193-196. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, antagonists, ketamine, drug combinations, xylazine, medetomidine, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese; Summary in English.

James, G.S. (2001). Anestesia: complicaciones y mortalidad. [Complications and death following anaesthesia]. Selecciones Veterinarias 9(1): 26-28. ISSN: 0327-859X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, causes of death, death, cats.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Johnson, C. (1995). Modern small animal anaesthesia and the concept of the triad. Veterinary Practice 27(15): 12-14. ISSN: 0042-4897.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V5
Descriptors: small animal practice, medetomidine, diazepam, morphine, methadone, fentanyl, pethidine, drug combinations, preanaesthetic medication, cats.

Johnson, C. (1995). The management and induction of anaesthesia. Veterinary Practice 27(16): 10. ISSN: 0042-4897.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V5
Descriptors: anesthesia, benzodiazepines, ketamine, thiopental, pets, preanaesthetic medication, cats.

Joubert, K.E. (2000). Routine veterinary anaesthetic management practices in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 71(3): 166-172. ISSN: 0301-0732.
Descriptors: veterinary profession, practice, anesthesia, anesthetics, sterilization, questionnaires, surgery, mortality, promazine, preanaesthetic medication, halothane, cats.

Joubert, K.E. (2001). The use of analgesic drugs by South African veterinarians. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 72(1): 57-60. ISSN: 0301-0732.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 SO8
Descriptors: analgesics, flunixin, ketamine, morphine, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opioids, pain, pethidine, phenylbutazone, postoperative care, questionnaires, practice, xylazine, cats, dogs.

Kaymaz, A.A. and C. Perk (1997). Nefropatili kedi ve kopeklerde genel anestezi proseduru [General anaesthesia in cats and dogs with nephropathy]. Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi Istanbul 23(2): 373-380. ISSN: 0378-2352.
Descriptors: anesthesia, kidney diseases, cats.
Language of Text: Turkish with a summary in English.

Keroack, S., B. Langevin, and E. Troncy (2002). Analgesie ds carnivores domestiques. Quels analgesiques utiliser en periode perioperatoire? [Analgesia in dogs and cats. Which analgesic to use in the perioperative period?]. Le Point Veterinaire 33(223): 48-53. ISSN: 0303-4997.
NAL Call Number: SF602.P6
Descriptors: dogs, cats, surgical operations, analgesics, drugs, neurotropic drugs.
Language of Text: French.

Khursheed, M. (2001). Anestesia: revision en felinos. [Anaesthesia of cats]. Selecciones Veterinarias 9(1): 29-34. ISSN: 0327-859X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, etomidate, medetomidine, propofol, cats.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Kim InBong, Kim MooKang, Cho SungWhan, Kim DuckHwan, You MyungJo, Lee SeongHo, Lee SeongOk, Kwon GeonOh, Kim MyungCheol, and Nam TchiChou (1999). Studies on feline electroacupuncture anaesthesia. Korean Journal of Veterinary Clinical Medicine 16(2): 413-416. ISSN: 1225-4800.
Descriptors: anesthesia, head, laparotomy, pain, surgery, acupuncture, cats.
Language of Text: Korean; Summary in English.

Kirkwood, P.A., M. Lawton, and T.W. Ford (2002). Plateau potentials in hindlimb motoneurones of female cats under anaesthesia. Experimental Brain Research 146(3): 399-403. ISSN: 0014-4819.
Abstract: Central respiratory drive potentials (CRDPs) were observed in intracellular recordings from hindlimb motoneurones of anaesthetized, paralysed, ovariohysterectomized female cats, artificially ventilated so as to have a strong respiratory drive under hyperoxic hypercapnea. The animals comprised two groups: three animals treated for 7 days with oestradiol benzoate (oestrous), and three untreated (non-oestrous). Several features of the CRDPs suggested the involvement of voltage-sensitive channels, including variability in the CRDP amplitude and potentiation of the CRDP by depolarizing currents. Clear plateau potentials, related to or triggered by depolarizing phases of the CRDPs, occurred in six motoneurones, three in response to depolarizing currents, three spontaneously. This is the first report of plateau potentials in mammalian motoneurones under anaesthesia. The mechanisms accessed here by the respiratory inputs are deduced to be particularly potent, perhaps because of a distal dendritic location. Plateau-like effects were more common in the oestrous animals, which suggests a specific role for the plateau potentials in the production of the stereotyped movements of female receptive behaviour.
Descriptors: action potentials, anesthesia adjuvants, hindlimb, motor neurons, action potentials, cats, estrus, hindlimb, motor neurons.

Kohn, D.F. (1997). Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine series, Academic Press: San Diego, California, 426 p. ISBN: 0124175708 .
NAL Call Number: SF996.5.A54
Abstract: Pharmacology of injectable anesthetics -- Pharmacology of inhalation anesthetics -- Pharmacology of analgesics --Paralytic agents -- Monitoring of anesthesia --Monitoring of analgesia -- Anesthesia equipment: types and uses --Design of surgical suites and postsurgical care units --Anesthesia and analgesia in rodents -- Anesthesia and analgesia in rabbits -- Anesthesia and analgesia in nonhuman primates -- Anesthesia and analgesia in dogs, cats, and ferrets -- Anesthesia and analgesia in ruminants -- Anesthesia and analgesia in swine -- Anesthesia and analgesia in nontraditional laboratory animal species --Postoperative support and intensive care -- Current research in anesthesia and trends in clinical applications.
Descriptors: laboratory animals, surgical operations, anesthesia, injectable anesthetics, inhalataion anesthetics, analgesics, paralytic agents, rabbits, rodents, nonhuman primates, dogs, cats, ferrets, ruminants, swine, postoperative care.

Kona Boun, J.J., A. Silim, and E. Troncy (2005). Immunologic aspects of veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226(3): 355-363. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: adverse effects, allergies, anesthesia, anesthetics, analgesics, immune system, immunity, infectious diseases, neoplasms, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, pharmacodynamics, stress, stress response, surgery, vaccination, cats.

Kos, J. and M. Cergolj (1998). Anestezija u opstetriciji pasa i macaka [Anaesthesia in obstetrics in dogs and cats]. In: Veterinarski Dani , October 13, 1998-October 17, 1998, Rovinj, Croatia, Hrvatska veterinarska komora: Zagreb, Croatia, p. 229-234. ISBN: 9539657652.
Descriptors: obstetrics, anesthesia, surgery, dystocia, cesarean section, female animals, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Croatian; Summary in English.

Kramer, S. (1997). Padiatrische und geriatrische Kleintierpatienten als Risikogruppen beim Narkosemanagement. [Risks associated with anaesthesia in young and old companion animals]. Tierarztliche Praxis 25(6): 637-642. ISSN: 1434-1239.
NAL Call Number: SF603 .V433
Descriptors: small animal practice, risk, anesthesia, young animals, geriatrics, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Kumano, H., H. Furuya, H. Yomosa, T. Nagahata, T. Okuda, and T. Sakaki (1994). Response of pial vessel diameter and regional cerebral blood flow to co-2 during midazolam administration in cats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 38(7): 729-733. ISSN: 0001-5172.
Descriptors: cerebral microcirculation, cats, transport and circulation, nitrous oxide, nervous system, neural coordination, general anesthetic drug, midazolam .

Kuntze, A. (1997). Zur Anasthesie bei Heimtieren (Kleinsauger, Psittaciden und Reptilien). [Anaesthesia in pets (small animals, psittacines and reptiles)]. Tierarztliche Praxis 24(6): 600-603. ISSN: 0303-6286.
NAL Call Number: SF603 .V4
Descriptors: anesthesia, pets, anesthetics, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, hypothermia, animal behaviour, cats, Psittaciformes, reptiles.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Kuznetsov, I.E. and L.V. Natrus (1999). Characteristics of background firing activity of the rostral hypothalamic neurons and analysis of modifications due to stimulation of evolutionary distinct cortical areas. Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal 45(5): 24-30. ISSN: 0201-8489.
Abstract: In acute experiments on cats under mixed narcosis (ketamine + N2O) we have investigated background firing activity of the rostral hypothalamic neurons and analyzed it modifications due to serial stimulation (100 imp/s, during 5 s) of the prefrontal, cingulate, pyriform cortexes and hippocampus. Analysis of the ongoing mean frequency histograms allowed to single out three types of background firing activity with different rhythmical properties. Three types of interspike intervals distribution i.e. asymmetrical (A), symmetrical (S) and polymodal (P) have been distinguished as well. Cortical stimulation was found to transform types of interspike intervals distribution in 15% of hypothalamic neurons. S-type changed into P-type and A-type - into P-type. Author discussed correlation between the character of background firing activity, types of interspike intervals distribution and functional properties of hypothalamic neurons.
Descriptors: cats, ketamine, nitrous oxide, hypothalamic neurons, frequency histograms, nervous system, neural coordination.
Language of Text: Ukrainian.

Laredo Alvarez, F.G., E. Belda Mellado, and M. Escobar Gil de Montes (2001). Emergencies and complications in small animal anaesthesia (II) [Accidentes y complicaciones en anestesia de pequenos animales (II)]. Anales De Veterinaria De Murcia 17: 27-40. ISSN: 0213-5434.
Descriptors: adverse effects, anesthesia, cats.
Language of Text: Spanish; Summary in English.

Larenza, M.P., Y.P.S. Moens, P.W. Kronen, and U. Schatzmann (2004). Comparison of post-operative analgesia and recovery quality after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine in female cats undergoing ovariectomy: Preliminary results. In: Aktualitaten aus der Gastroenterologie , June 3, 2004-June 5, 2004, 35 Jahresversammlung, Schweizerische Vereinigung fur Kleintiermedizin: Zurich, Switzerland, 207 p.
Descriptors: anesthesia, surgical recovery, analgesia, ketamine, S-ketamine, cats, ovariectomy, recovery quality.

Larson, M.D. and P.O. Talke (2001). Effect of dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, on human pupillary reflexes during general anaesthesia. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 51(1): 27-33. ISSN: 0007-1188.
Abstract: AIMS: To test the hypothesis that the alpha2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, dilates the pupil and does not alter the pupillary light reflex of anaesthetized patients. METHODS: Eight volunteers were administered general anaesthesia with propofol, nitrous oxide and alfentanil. One hour and 25 min after induction of anaesthesia, a 45 min infusion of dexmedetomidine was begun, targeting a plasma concentration of 0.6 ng x ml(-1). Pupil size, pupillary light reflex amplitude, light reflex recovery time, and reflex dilation were measured before and during dexmedetomidine infusion. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine produced no change in pupil size and light reflex recovery time, increased the light reflex from 0.30 +/- 0.14 to 0.37 +/- 0.12 mm and significantly reduced pupillary reflex dilation by 72 +/- 62%. CONCLUSIONS: These pupillary effects of dexmedetomidine in humans are difficult to reconcile with the findings obtained in cats and rats that have demonstrated a direct inhibitory effect of alpha2-adrenergic agonists on the pupilloconstrictor nucleus. The increase in the magnitude of the light reflex in response to dexmedetomidine does not necessarily involve an anxiolytic mechanism.
Descriptors: adrenergic alpha agonists, anesthesia, general, dexmedetomidine, receptors, adrenergic, alpha 2 agonists, reflex, pupillary, adult, pressure, heart rate.

Lascelles, B.D.X., P. Cripps, S. Mirchandani, and A.E. Waterman (1995). Carprofen as an analgesic for postoperative pain in cats: dose titration and assessment of efficacy in comparison to pethidine hydrochloride. Journal of Small Animal Practice 36(12): 535-541. ISSN: 0022-4510.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J8292
Descriptors: cats, pain, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, surgical operations, neurophysiology, neurotropic drugs, pethidine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, carprofen, postoperative care.

Lascelles, D. and A. Waterman (1997). Analgesia in Cats. In Practice 19(4): 203-213. ISSN: 0263-841X.
NAL Call Number: SF601.I4
Descriptors: pain, surgical operations, anesthesia, analgesics, cats, drugs , neurotropic drugs, preanesthetic medication.

Ledecky, V., M. Hluchy, and H.A. Lopes (1999). Clinical experience with the use of tiletamine and zolazepam (preparation zoletil) in anaesthesia in cats in surgery. Folia Veterinaria 43(1): 13-15. ISSN: 0015-5748.
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, medicine, tiletamine, zolazepam, Zoletil, sedation, veterinary surgery.
Language of Text: Slovak; Summary in English.

Lee, I., N. Yamagishi, K. Oboshi, and H. Yamada (2004). Distribution of new methylene blue injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 190-194. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of injection volume and vertebral anatomy on the spread of new methylene blue (NMB) injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen cats. METHODS: Cats were randomly assigned to four groups and received from 0.1 to 0.4 mL kg(-1) of 0.12% NMB in 0.9% saline. Injection was made into the lumbosacral epidural space using a dorsal approach with the cats in sternal recumbency. The extent of cranial migration of the dye as indicated by the staining of epidural fat and dura mater was measured. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD (range) number of stained vertebrae in the 0.3 and 0.4 mL kg(-1) groups, were 11.5 +/- 1.5 (T7-T11) and 12.4 +/- 1.8 (T6-T10), respectively. This was significantly greater than the number in the 0.1 and 0.2 mL kg(-1) groups, 4.3 +/- 0.6 (L3-L4) and 6.0 +/- 0.7 (L1-L2) vertebrae, respectively (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that the volume injected correlated significantly with the number of stained vertebrae (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001). In the dorsal and lateral aspect of the spinal cord, NMB solution distributed between epidural fat and dura mater. Migration under the spinal cord occurred along the two longitudinal epidural veins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The larger the volume of solution injected into the lumbosacral epidural space in cats, the greater the spread.
Descriptors: epidural anesthesia, cats, methylene blue, injections, lumbosacral region.

Lerche, P., W.W. Muir, and T.L. Grubb (2002). Mask induction of anaesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane in premedicated cats. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 43(1): 12-5. ISSN: 0022-4510.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J8292
Abstract: A comparison was made of the time to and quality of induction of anaesthesia when sevoflurane (n=14) or isoflurane (n=14) was delivered by mask in premedicated healthy adult cats presented for elective surgery. Times to induction and intubation were significantly shorter with sevoflurane (210 +/- 57 seconds and 236 +/- 60 seconds, respectively) than with isoflurane (264 +/- 75 seconds and 292 +/- 73 seconds). The quality of induction was similar for both agents. Two cats in each group developed opisthotonus of less than 45 seconds' duration. Both sevoflurane and isoflurane produced mask induction of anaesthesia of a similar quality in this species. Sevoflurane provided more rapid induction of anaesthesia and establishment of a controlled airway than isoflurane.
Descriptors: inhalation anesthetics, cats, isoflurane, methyl ethers, acepromazine, inhalation anesthesia, inhalation anesthetics, cats surgery, heart rate, isoflurane, laryngeal masks, methyl ethers, orchiectomy, ovariectomy, premedication, respiration, treatment outcome.

Lucena, R., J. Ignacio Redondo, J.M. Santisteban, P.J. Ginel, M. Novales, and R. Gomez Villamandos (2000). Romifidine-propofol-halothane anesthesia for endoscopic exploration of the digestive tract in dogs. Canine Practice 25(3): 8, 10-11. ISSN: 1057-6622.
NAL Call Number: SF991.A1C3
Descriptors: anesthesia, digestive tract, atropine, endoscopy, halothane, mouth, propofol, surgery, vomiting, diagnostic techniques, dogs, cats.

Machon, R. (1999). The recovery period care for cats and dogs recovering from general anaesthesia. Massey University: Veterinary Continuing Education Publication 190: 211-216. ISSN: 0112-9643.
NAL Call Number: SF604.P82
Descriptors: anesthesia, recovery, cats.
Notes: .

Mack, P.O., T.H. Ng, and I.C. Song (1994). Anaesthesia for animals in experimental research. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 23(4): 470-4. ISSN: 0304-4602.
Abstract: Animal anaesthesia is a wide and varied subject considering the great number of available animal models, each having its characteristic tolerance and reaction to anaesthesia and its behavioural peculiarity. It is more often than not that experimental researchers tend to give scant attention to animal anaesthesia in the preparation of a research protocol as a result of which their research findings can become difficult or impossible to interpret. This article outlines the fundamental anaesthetic requirements and techniques in various animals and the practices adopted by the Department of Experimental Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. Consideration in the choice of anaesthetic drugs in various animal models and experimental situations, and problems of animal handling before and after anaesthesia are highlighted.
Descriptors: anesthesia, general, animal welfare, animals, laboratory, acid base equilibrium, anesthesia recovery period, anesthetics, anesthetics, animal rights, pressure, catheterization, peripheral, cats, animal disease models, dogs, intubation, intratracheal, mice, monitoring, intraoperative, overdose, poultry, preanesthetic medication, rabbits, rats, swine.

Mama, K. (1998). New drugs in feline anesthesia. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 20(2): 125-139. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .C66
Descriptors: cats, injection, anesthetics, analgesics, drug combinations, halothane, ketamine, dosage, risk, respiration rate, gases, application, composition, drugs , neurotropic drugs, organic halogen compounds, organochlorine compounds, physiological functions, respiration , midazolam , tiletamine , zolazepam , desflurane , sevoflurane , medetomidine , propofol , isoflurane , inhaled anesthetics, etomidate .

Maral, N.E. and S. Aslan (1999). Kopek ve kedi sezaryen operasyonlarinda kullanilan anestezi yontemleri ve ozellikleri [Methods and properties of anaesthesia of caesarean section in dogs and cats]. Veteriner Hekimler Dernegi Dergisi 70(3/4): 18-27. ISSN: 0377-6395.
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, fetus, pregnancy, caesarean section, surgery, cats.
Language of Text: Turkish with a summary in English.

Masuda, A., A. Haji, M. Kiriyama, Y. Ito, and R. Takeda (1995). Effects of sevoflurane on respiratory activities in the phrenic nerve of decerebrate cats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39(6): 774-781. ISSN: 0001-5172.
Descriptors: pharmacology, respiration, general anesthetic drug, halothane, cats, decerebrate, nerve discharge, pharmacodynamics, sevoflurane, vagotomy, ventilation .

Mates, N., A. Timen, A. Muste, L. Oana, D. Neculoiu, and I. Vasaliut (1995). Observations on Zoletil (zolazepam and tiletamine) in general anaesthesia of animals [Observatii privind produsul "Zoletil" in anestezia generala la animale]. Buletinul Universitatii De Stiinte Agricole Cluj Napoca Seria Zootehnie Si Medicina Veterinara 49: p.423-428. ISSN: 0557-4668.
Descriptors: anesthesia, neuroleptics, anesthetics, rabbits, nutria, Myocastor, cats.
Language of Text: Romanian; Summary in English.

Mates, N., A. Timen, A. Muste, L. Oana, D. Neculoiu, and I. Vasaliut (1996). Aspecte cu privire la efectul produsului "Zoletil" in anestezia generala la animale [Zoletil (tiletamine HCl/zolazepam) in the general anaesthesia of animals]. Revista Romana De Medicina Veterinara 6(2): 169-176. ISSN: 1220-3173.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, rabbits, mink, deer, Cervidae, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Romanian with summaries in French and English.

Mathews, K.A. and D.H. Dyson (2005). Analgesia and chemical restraint for the emergent patient. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice 35(2): 481-515. ISSN: 0195-5616.
NAL Call Number: SF601. V523
Descriptors: anesthetics, emergencies, restraint of animals, reviews, trauma, cats.

Matthews, N.S. (1999). Clinical Anesthesia. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Small Animal Practice 29(3): 611-835. ISSN: 0195-5616.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .V523
Descriptors: reviews, anesthesia, anesthetics, small animal practice, new drugs, cats, felidae.

Matthews, N.S., S. Hartke, and J.C.Jr. Allen (2003). An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 30(1): 3-14. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. ANIMALS: Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. METHODS: Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and Surgi-Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO2) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co-oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. RESULTS: Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB-395, NPB-190, NPB-290, NPB-40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90-100%) RMSD ranged from 2-5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats, dogs, horses, oximetry, catheterization, electorcardiography, equipment failure, heart rate, oximetry standards, reproducibility of results.

Melanie, P., A. Briganti, E. Bianchi, and G. Breghi (2003). Ernia diaframmatica nel gatto: Gestione anestesiologica [Diaphragmatic hernias in cats. Management of anaesthesia]. Obiettivi e Documenti Veterinari 24(9): 19-22. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Descriptors: anesthesia, diaphragm, hernia, reviews, cats.
Language of Text: Italian.

Mendes, G.M., A.L. Selmi, G.R. Barbudo Selmi, B.T. Lins, and J.P. Figueiredo (2003). Clinical use of dexmedetomidine as premedicant in cats undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 5(5): 265-270. ISSN: 1098-612X.
NAL Call Number: SF985 .J68
Descriptors: adverse effects, anesthesia, anesthetics, gases, pressure, body temperature, heart rate, pharmacodynamics, potency, preanaesthetic medication, propofol, respiration rate, surgery, cats.

Moon, P.F. (1996). Short-term anesthetic techniques. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference: Eastern States Veterinary Association 10: 17-18.
NAL Call Number: SF605.N672
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, neurotropic drugs.

Muir, W.W. (1998). Anesthesia for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease. I. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 20(1): 78-87. ISSN: 0193-1903.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .C66
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, heart diseases, cardiovascular diseases, risk, circulation, anesthetics, heart rate, circulation, cardiovascular diseases, drugs , neurotropic drugs, organic diseases, physiological functions, cardiac insufficiency, cardiac output, preanesthetic medication, cardiac rhythm.

Mushahwar, V.K., Y. Aoyagi, R.B. Stein, and A. Prochazka (2004). Movements generated by intraspinal microstimulation in the intermediate gray matter of the anesthetized, decerebrate, and spinal cat. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82(8-9): 702-714. ISSN: 0008-4212.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 C16
Descriptors: methods, muscular system, nervous system, decerebration, microwires, intraspinal microstimulation, spinalization, anesthesia, movement primitives, movement vectors, cats.

Natalini, C.C. (2001). Sevoflurane, desflurane, and xenon new inhaled anesthetics in veterinary medicine. Ciencia Rural 31(1): 177-183. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: absorption, chemical properties, inhaled anaesthetics, new drugs, physical properties, potency, reviews, medicine, xenon, cats.
Language of Text: English; Summary in Portuguese.

Neely, C.F., I. Matot, and J. Nguyen (1994). Identification of selective pharmacological probes for p2x purinoceptors in the feline pulmonary vascular (pc) bed. Anesthesiology 81(3A): A704. ISSN: 0003-3022.
Descriptors: cell biology, nervous system, neural coordination, anesthesia, pharmacodynamics, feline pulmonary vascular bed, p2x purinoceptors .

Neiger Aeschbacher, G. (2002). Anasthesie und Analgesie bei Heimsaugern. Teil 2: Intra- und postoperative Betreuung. [Anaesthesia and analgesia in pet mammals. Part 2. Intra- and post-operative care]. Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde 144(11): 597-604. ISSN: 0036-7281.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 SCH9
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, body temperature, heart rate, monitoring, respiration, surgery, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in French and Italian.

Nicholson, A. (1996). Monitoring techniques and equipment for small animal anaesthesia. Australian Veterinary Journal 74(2): 114-123. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, monitoring, respiration, cardiovascular system, nervous system, body temperature, equipment.

Nicholson, A. and A. Watson (2001). Survey on small animal anaesthesia. Australian Veterinary Journal 79(9): 613-9. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8.Au72
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain anaesthetic practices currently for dogs and cats in Australia. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to 4,800 veterinarians throughout Australia, seeking data on numbers of dogs and cats anaesthetised per week; drug preferences for anaesthetic premedication, induction and maintenance; use of tracheal intubation, supplemental nitrous oxide and anaesthetic antagonists; and types of vaporisers, breathing systems and anaesthetic monitoring devices used or available. Additional questions concerned proportions of different animal types seen in the practice, and the respondent's university and year of graduation. RESULTS: The response rate was 19%; 95% of respondents graduated from Australian universities, about half since 1985. Most responses (79%) came from mainly small animal practices. On average 16 dogs and 12 cats were anaesthetised each week. Premedication was used more often in dogs than cats, with acepromazine and atropine most favoured in both species. For anaesthetic induction, thiopentone was most preferred in dogs and alphaxalone/alphadolone in cats. Inhaled agents, especially halothane, were preferred for maintenance in both species. Most respondents usually employed tracheal intubation when using inhalational anaesthetic maintenance, but intubation rates were lower during injectable anaesthetic maintenance and a minority of respondents provided supplemental O2. Nitrous oxide was administered regularly by 13% of respondents. The agents most frequently used to speed recovery from anaesthesia were doxapram and yohimbine. The most widely used vaporisers were the Fluotec Mark III and the Stephens machine. Most (95%) respondents used a rebreathing circuit for large dogs and a non-rebreathing system was used for small dogs by 68% of respondents. Most respondents (93%) indicated some form of aid was available to monitor general anaesthesia: the three most mentioned were an apnoea alarm, oesophageal stethoscope and electrocardiogram. CONCLUSION: Diverse approaches were evident, but there appeared to be less variation in anaesthetising dogs: premedication was more frequent and less varied in type, while thiobarbituates dominated for induction and inhalants for maintenance. Injectable maintenance techniques had substantial use in cats, but little in dogs. Evident disparity between vaporisers available and circuits used suggested either confusion in terminology or incorrect use of some vaporisers in-circuit. While most respondents used monitoring equipment or a dedicated observer to invigilate anaesthesia, the common reliance on apnoea alarms is of concern, because of unproven reliability and accuracy.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats, dogs, preanesthetic medication, anesthesia, anesthesia statistics and numerical data, anesthesia recovery period, intravenous anesthesia, animals, domestic, Australia, cats surgery, data collection, dogs surgery, preanesthetic medication, preanesthetic medication statistics and numerical data, questionnaires, time factors.

Niranjan, C.V., C.L. Srinivas, S.M. Jayadevappa, and B.N. Ranganath (1994). Clinical observations in ketamine hydrochloride anaesthesia with phenothiazine tranquilizers in cats. Indian Veterinary Journal 71(9): 900-902. ISSN: 0019-6479.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: dental and oral system, cats, nervous system, toxicology, ketamine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine, medicine, anesthesia induction, general anesthetic drug, muscle relaxation, no, reduced salivary secretion, smooth recovery, tranquilizer drug, triflupromazine .

Nishimura, R. (1994). Maintenance anaesthesia in cats. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 47(12): 997-1000. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Novello, L. (2001). Il paziente traumatizzato: dal dipartimento di Emergenza/Urgenza (DEU) alla sala operatoria: assistenza, inquadramento ed anestesia nel paziente traumatizzato con lesione scheletrica [Care of the traumatized patient from the emergency department to the operating room. Care, assessment and anaesthesia for traumatized patients with skeletal damage]. Medicina Felina 1(2): 13-26.
Descriptors: anesthesia, surgery, trauma, cats.
Language of Text: Italian.

Nyman, G. (1996). Labeled and nonlabeled drugs for sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia in Swedish small animal practice. In: Small Animal' s Anesthesia, Djurkliniken: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 15-17.
Descriptors: neurotropic drugs, analgesics, anesthetics, dogs, cats, sweden, disease control, drugs , Europe , neurotropic drugs, scandinavia , therapy , western Europe.

Nyman, G. (1996). The use of alfa2-adrenergic agonists/antagonists in Swedish small animal practice. In: Small Animal's Anesthesia, Djurkliniken: Moelndal, Sweden, p. 133-139.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, neurotropic drugs, analgesics, anesthetics, Sweden, drugs , Europe , neurotropic drugs, Scandinavia , western Europe, survey, questionnaires, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Ogawa, S., H. Saito, S. Saeki, and H. Suzuki (1994). Reflex sympathetic activities during inhalation of anaesthetics in cats: nitrous oxide. Neuroscience Letters 168(1-2): 16-8. ISSN: 0304-3940.
NAL Call Number: QP351.N3
Abstract: The effects of nitrous oxide on the late reflex potential, a medullary component of somato-sympathetic reflex potentials, induced from the lumbar sympathetic trunk by electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve was investigated in brain intact cats and midbrain decerebrated cats under adequate anaesthesia with intravenous urethane and alpha-chloralose. The late reflex potential was depressed by inhalation of 75% nitrous oxide in oxygen in brain intact cats. Midbrain decerebration itself caused marked potentiation of the late reflex potential, although subsequent inhalation of 75% nitrous oxide did not cause any depressive effect on the potentiated late reflex potential. No significant changes in arterial pressure and heart rate were seen during the experiments. From these results, we concluded that anaesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide might activate the descending inhibitory system from higher areas in the central nervous system.
Descriptors: inhalation anesthesia, femoral nerve, nitrous oxide, reflex, sympathetic nervous system, cats, decerebrate state, electric stimulation, femoral nerve, nitrous oxide, sympathetic nervous system, time factors.

Pereira, G.G., M.H. Larsson, F.L. Yamaki, E.C. Soares, R.J. Yamato, M.L. Neto, T.R. Froes, and L.V. Bastos (2004). Effects of propofol on the electrocardiogram and systolic blood pressure of healthy cats pre-medicated with acepromazine. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 235-238. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain and analyze the electrocardiogram and systolic blood pressure of cats before, during, and after a continuous infusion of propofol. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, uncontrolled experimental trial. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy adult crossbred male and female cats aged between 3 and 5 years, weighing 2.8-5.0 kg (mean 3.9 kg). METHODS: Cats were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.1 mg kg(-1) subcutaneously and anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol 6 mg kg(-1) and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at 0.5 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) for 60 minutes. Electrocardiographic parameters and systolic blood pressure obtained by Doppler ultrasound were recorded before pre-medication (T0), 30 (T30), and 60 (T60) minutes after beginning the continuous infusion, and 30 minutes after its cessation (T90). Repeated measures anova was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS: A significant decrease in heart rate was observed at all time points when compared with T0 values. The PR interval increased significantly at T60 and T90. Systolic blood pressures during anesthesia were significantly lower than at T0 and T90. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The changes seen were not clinically important in normal cats but given the reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, careful consideration should be given before using this technique in patients in which hypotension or a reduction in heart rate would be poorly tolerated.
Descriptors: intravenous anesthetics, cats, electorcardiography, propofol.

Pereira, P.M., A.L. Selmi, M.K. Notomi, E.M.P. Almeida, and N. Nunes (1997). Treatment of arrhythmias during and after anaesthesia [Tratamento de arritmias nos periodos trans e pos-anestesicos]. Clinica Veterinaria 2(11): 31-34. ISSN: 0009-9082.
Descriptors: anesthesia, arrhythmia, heart diseases, treatment, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summary in English.

Portella, L.V., C.C. Natalini, E.C. Toledo, J.A. Franca, T.L. Moreira, and T.C. Oliveira de (1996). Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of anaesthesia with propofol in cats previously treated with xylazine/ketamine [Efeitos cardiovasculares e respiratorios da inducao anestesica com propofol em felinos pre-medicados com xilazina/cetamina]. Ciencia Rural 26(2): 223-227. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: xylazine, ketamine, heart rate, respiration rate, anesthetics, anesthesia, propofol, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese with a summary in English.

Pypendop, B. (2005). Anestesiologia del cane e del gatto controllare la ventilazione con la capnografia .[Anaesthesia in dogs and cats: controlling ventilation by capnography]. Summa 22(1): 7-8.
Descriptors: anesthesia, carbon dioxide, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Italian.

Quessada, A.M., C.S.A. Santana, and H.L. Silva (2001). Anestesia local para ovariectomia em gatas. [Local anesthesia for ovariectomy in cats]. Semina Londrina 22(2): 175-177. ISSN: 0101-3742.
NAL Call Number: Q33. S46
Descriptors: local anesthesia, local anesthetics, ovariectomy, surgery, surgical operations, techniques, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese with a summary in English.

Ragan, B.G., A.J. Nelson, J.H. Foreman, G.W. Bell, and G.A. Iwamoto (2004). Effects of a menthol-based analgesic balm on pressor responses evoked from muscle afferents in cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 65(9): 1204-1210. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: analgesic, muscle afferents, cats, menthol, balm.

Rajan, R. (1996). Stability of efferent-mediated protection against acoustic overexposure with long maintenance under barbiturate anaesthesia. Audiology and Neuro Otology 1(6): 339-58. ISSN: 1420-3030.
Abstract: When anaesthetized animals are maintained over a long period, crossed-cochlear suppressive and enhancement-in-noise effects mediated by the olivocochlear bundle (OCB), as well as some OCB neuronal responses, show time-dependent variations. The present study determined if there were any such changes in OCB-mediated crossed-cochlear protection against compound action potential (CAP) threshold losses caused by a standard loud sound exposure at 11 kHz, presented under conditions either not evoking OCB-mediated protection (i.e. monaural exposure) or evoking protection (binaural exposure). Maintaining animals for periods up to approximately 30 h from initial anaesthetization resulted in non-significant changes in pre-exposure CAP thresholds. There were also only small changes over select frequency ranges in threshold losses caused by the monaural or binaural loud sound, after a single exposure as well as when the testing of OCB function was extended to examine effects after dual successive exposures, the latter result being determined by application of a previously described additivity model. The features of OCB-mediated protection also showed good stability over the long maintenance. These results are discussed as providing further circumstantial evidence that protection is mediated by a different OCB subcomponent to that/those responsible for other OCB-mediated crossed-cochlear effects. In general, the results show that the barbiturate anaesthetic used here does not significantly modulate the crossed-cochlear OCB effect of protection, even though it has been shown elsewhere to significantly depress other crossed-cochlear OCB effects.
Descriptors: auditory fatigue, cochlear nerve, cochlear nucleus, hearing loss, noise induced, olivary nucleus, anesthesia, general, auditory fatigue, cats, cochlear nerve, cochlear nucleus, efferent pathways, efferent pathways, evoked potentials, auditory, brain stem, evoked potentials, auditory, brain stem, hypnotics and sedatives, olivary nucleus, pentobarbital.

Raptopoulos, D. and A.D. Galatos (1995). Post anaesthetic reflux oesophagitis in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia 22: 6-8. ISSN: 0950-7817.
Descriptors: esophagitis , gastric juices, pH , esophageal diseases, anesthesia .

Rauser, P. (1998). Vyuziti Telazolu k anestezii psa a kocky [Use of Telazol (tiletamine and zolazepam) for anaesthesia of dogs and cats]. Veterinarstvi 48(6): 234-236. ISSN: 0506-8231.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V6439
Descriptors: anesthetics, anesthesia, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: Czech with a summary in English.

Reynold, W.T. (1996). Outline of sequential analgesic anaesthesia with fentanyl, alfentanil and sufentanil used in high-risk cardiopulmonary cases. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 26(2): 74-75. ISSN: 0310-138X.
NAL Call Number: SF601.A9
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, respiratory system, surgery, anesthesia, anesthetics, fentanyl, cats.

Rintasalo, J. and O. Vainio (1995). Selvitys anestesiakatannoista Suomen elainvastaanotoilla [A survey of anaesthesia practices in Finnish small animal clinics]. Suomen Elainlaakarilehti 101(9): 541-544. ISSN: 0039-5501.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 F49
Descriptors: veterinary practice, analgesics, mortality, monitoring, anti-inflammatory agents, postoperative care, inhaled anaesthetics, medetomidine, xylazine, methadone, surveys, questionnaires, anesthesia, small animal practice, cats.
Language of Text: Finnish with a summary in English.

Robertson, S.A., P.M. Taylor, J.W. Sear, and G. Keuhnel (2005). Relationship between plasma concentrations and analgesia after intravenous fentanyl and disposition after other routes of administration in cats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28(1): 87-93. ISSN: 0140-7783.
Online: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=jvp
NAL Call Number: SF915.J63
Descriptors: analgesics, body temperature, drug delivery systems, fentanyl, intravenous injection, oral administration, pharmacodynamics, cats.

Ross, A. and S. Cuvelliez (1997). The use of propofol in companion animals. Medecin Veterinaire Du Quebec 27(2): 59-62. ISSN: 0225-9591.
Descriptors: nervous system, feline, medicine, anesthesia induction, propofol, anesthesia method, anesthesiology, pharmacodynamics, sedative, hypnotic drug.
Language of Text: French.

Roth, S., R. Nunez Hernandez, and Z. Pietrzyk (1994). Halothane and vascular response to CO-2 in the retina in cats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 78(2 SUPPL.): S370. ISSN: 0003-2999.
Descriptors: transport and circulation, cardiovascular system, nervous system, carbon dioxide, choroidal circulation, general anesthetic drug, halothane, retina.

Sarma, B., Amresh Kumar, and Harnam Singh (1996). Clinical and anaesthetic effects of detomidine and ketamine in cats. Indian Veterinary Journal 73(6): 665-668. ISSN: 0019-6479.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: dosage, anesthesia, detomidine, ketamine, drug combinations, cats.

Scandone, M. and L. Novello (2001). Anestesia totalmente endovenosa (TIVA - Total Intra Venous Anesthesia): aggiornamenti e presentazione di un caso clinico [Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA): an up-date and description of a clinical case]. Veterinaria Cremona 15(1): 85-94. ISSN: 0394-3151.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, atropine, case reports, clinical aspects, fentanyl, injection, ketamine, mastectomy, propofol, surgical operations, dogs.
Language of Text: Italian with a summary in English.

Schalla, K. and A. Schalla (1996). Ogolne zasady przeprowadzania znieczulenia ogolnego u psa i kota [General anaesthesia in dogs and cats - general considerations]. Magazyn Weterynaryjny 5(6): 464-468. ISSN: 1230-4425.
Descriptors: anesthesia, inhaled anaesthetics, monitoring, cats.
Language of Text: Polish.

Scrollavezza, P. and G. Signorini (1994). Attenti al risveglio. Complicanze del risveglio post-anestetico nel cane e nel gatto [Pay attention to recovery from anaesthesia. Complications of post-anaesthetic recovery in dogs and cats]. Obiettivi e Documenti Veterinari 15(10): 15-21. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Descriptors: anesthesia, postoperative, drug combinations, cats.
Language of Text: Italian.

Selmi, A.L., G.R. Barbudo Selmi, G.M. Mendes, J.P. Figueiredo, and B.T. Lins (2004). Sedative, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of romifidine in cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 31(3): 195-206. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sedative, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects of intramascular (IM) romifidine in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS: Ten healthy adult cats. METHODS: Romifidine (100, 200, and 400 microg kg(-1)) or xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) was given IM in a cross-over study design. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), hemoglobin saturation, oscillometric arterial pressure, and scores for sedation, muscle relaxation, position, auditory response, and analgesia were determined before and after drug administration. Time to recumbency, duration of recumbency, and time to recover from sedation were determined. Subjective evaluation and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded before and at regular intervals for 60 minutes after drug administration. RESULTS: Bradycardia developed in all cats that were given romifidine or xylazine. No other significant differences in physiologic parameters were observed from baseline values or between treatments. Increasing the dose of romifidine did not result in increased sedation or muscle relaxation. Cats given xylazine showed higher sedation and muscle relaxation scores over time. Analgesia scores were significantly higher after administration of romifidine (400 microg kg(-1)) and xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) than after romifidine at 100 or 200 microg kg(-1). Duration of lateral recumbency was not significantly different between treatments; however, cats took longer to recover after administration of 400 micro g kg(-1) romifidine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bradycardia is the most important adverse effect after IM administration of romifidine at doses ranging from 100 to 400 microg kg(-1) or 1 mg kg(-1) of xylazine in cats. The sedative effects of romifidine at 200 microg kg(-1) are comparable to those of 1 mg kg(-1) of xylazine, although muscle relaxation and analgesia were significantly less with romifidine than with xylazine.
Descriptors: adrenergic alpha agonists, anesthetics, cats, imidazoles, body temperature, dose response relationship, heart rate, intramuscular injections, muscle relaxation, respiration.

Selmi, A.L., G.R. Barbudo Selmi, G.M. Mendes, C. Mcmanus, and C.S. Martins (2003). O butorfanol na anestesia pela romifidina-tiletamina-zolazepam em gatos [Butorphanol in romifidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in cats]. Ciencia Rural 33(6): 1067-1073. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, quality, respiratory systems, cardiovascular system research.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summaries in English and Portuguese.

Selmi, A.L., G.M. Mendes, G.R. Barbudo Selmi, and J.P. Figueiredo (2003). Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol in romifidine/midazolam/ketamine anaesthesia in cats [Efeitos cardiovasculares do butorfanol na anestesia por romifidina/midazolam/cetamina em gatos. Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Veterinaria 10(2): 88-92. ISSN: 1413-0130.
Descriptors: adverse effects, anesthesia, anesthetics, analgesics, butorphanol, cardiovascular agents, drug combinations, heart, ketamine, surgery, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summary in English.

Sendler, K., C. Lendl, I. Henke, K. Otto, U. Matis, S. Mundt, and W. Erhardt (1994). Zur Anaesthesie bei der Katze mit Tiletamin/Zolazepam in Minimaldosierung [Minimal dose anesthesia with Tiletamine/Zolazepam in cats]. Tieraerztliche Praxis 22(3): 226-290. ISSN: 0303-6286.
NAL Call Number: SF603.V4
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, drug combinations, side effects, drugs , neurotropic drugs, toxicity .
Language of Text: German with summaries in German and English.

Shimizu, B.J., D. Eurides, F.C. Mota, E.C. Mastrantonio, P.M. Freitas, F.O. Carneiro Silva, M.C.S. Fioravanti, and L.A. da Silva (2002). Anestesia perineural do membro pelvico de gatos (Felis domestica). [The cats hindlimb perineural anesthesia (Felis domestica)]. Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Veterinaria 9(1): 8-11. ISSN: 1413-0130.
Descriptors: anesthesia, limbs, peripheral nerves, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summary in English.

Shimizu, M. and T.R. Saito (1995). Latest trials in anaesthesia of small animals. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 48(1): 41-44. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, pentobarbital, ketamine, halothane, isoflurane, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Skarda, R.T., J.E. Hubbell, W.W. Muir, R.M. Bednarski, and D.E. Mason (1996). Sedation and anesthesia in dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease: part iii: ventilation, monitoring of respiration, and postoperative analgesia. Schweizer Archiv Fuer Tierheilkunde 138(6): 312-318. ISSN: 0036-7281.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 SCH9
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, heart disease, surgical techniques, respiratory system, medicine, anesthetic drug, diazepam ketamine, halothane, isoflurane, propofol, tranquilizer drug, buprenophrine.
Language of Text: German.

Skarda, R.T., W.W. Muir, R.M. Bednarski, J.A.E. Hubbell, and D.E. Mason (1995). Sedation und Narkose bei Hund und Katze mit Herzkreislaufkrankheit. 2. Teil: Narkoseplanung an Hand der Pathophysiologie, Herzarrhythmien. [Sedation and anesthesia in dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease. Part 2: Anesthetic plan considering the pathophysiology, cardiac arrhythmias]. Schweizer Archiv Fuer Tierheilkunde 137(12): 543-551. ISSN: 0036-7281.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 SCH9
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in 137 anesthetised dogs and 13 anesthetised cats with congenital or acquired heart disease that were referred for correction of different procedures. The anesthetic plan considered the risks of anesthesia based upon the pathophysiology of cardiac lesions and the anesthetic drug effects on the cardiovascular system. Recommendations are made for dogs with decreased cardiac contractility, cardiac disease with volume overload, cardiac disease with pressure overload, and pericardial tamponade. Prompt therapy was given to a percentage of animals in order to control arrhythmia and support cardiovascular system, by using atropine or glycopyrrolate, lidocaine, and dopamine. Cardiac arrest occurred in 5 dogs; 3 and 2 of those were in asystole and ventricular fibrillation respectively. All dogs were intubated at the time of the incidence and were resuscitated, using standard techniques of cardiopulmonary reanimation.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, medicine, therapy, surgical operations, anesthesia, anesthetics, neurotropic drugs, atropine, dopamine, alkaloids, amines, amino compounds, biogenic amines, cardiovascular diseases, catecholamines, disease control, drugs, neurophysiology, neurotransmitters, neurotropic drugs, organic diseases.
Language of Text: German; Summaries in German, English, French and Italian.

Sndak, N. (2000). Kopek ve kedilerde tiletamin-zolazepam anestezisi [Tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthesia in dogs and cats]. Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi 6(3/4): 63-66. ISSN: 1300-7106.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, drug combinations, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Turkish with a summary in English.

Souza, A.P., L.G. Pompermayer, F. Antunes, I.C. Araujo, and R.M.N. Silva (2003). Anaesthesia by continuous infusion and intermittent injection of propofol in cats premedicated with acepromazine [Anestesia por infusao continua e doses fracionadas de propofol em gatos pre-tratados com acepromazina]. Ars Veterinaria 19(2): 119-125. ISSN: 0102-6380.
Descriptors: acepromazine, anesthesia, drug delivery systems, propofol, techniques, cats.
Language of Text: Portuguese; Summary in English.

Souza, A.P., L.G. Pompermayer, M.S.L. Lavor, T.S. Duarte, and R.M.N. Silva (2002). [ Butorfanol na anestesia com propofol em gatas pre-tratadas com levomepromazina.] Butorphanol on the anesthesia by propofol in female cats premedicated with levomepromazine. Ciencia Rural 32(4): 589-594. ISSN: 0103-8478.
NAL Call Number: S192. R4
Descriptors: cats, anesthesia, surgical operations, drugs, gato , anesthesia , ovario , cirurgia , medicamento .
Language of Text: Portuguese.

Stanway, G. (1999). Advanced anaesthesia. British Small Animal Veterinary Association: Manual of Advanced Veterinary Nursing, British Small Animal Veterinary Association
: Quedgeley, UK , p. 69-84. ISBN: 090521451X.
Online: www.bsava.com
NAL Call Number: SF774.5 .B73
Descriptors: anesthesia, practice, dogs, cats.

Stanway, G.W., P.M. Taylor, and D.C. Brodbelt (2002). A preliminary investigation comparing pre-operative morphine and buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia and sedation in cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 29(1): 29-35. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: analgesics, duration, heart rate, morphine, neuroleptics, pharmacodynamics, respiration, cats.

Tacke, S. (2001). A totalis intravenas anaesthesia (TIVA) az inhalacios anaesthesia alternativaja [Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) an alternative to inhalation anaesthesia?]. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 123(8): 500-502. ISSN: 0025-004X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, fentanyl, inhaled anaesthetics, intravenous injection, ketamine, propofol, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Hungarian.

Tacke, S. (1996). Die totale intravenose Anasthesie (TIVA) mit Aphaxolon/Alphadolon (SaffanReg.) zur dauerhaften Ruhigstellung bei zwei Katzen mit schwerer Dyspnoe. [Intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxolone and alfadolone for prolonged sedation of two cats with dyspnoea]. Tierarztliche Praxis 24(5): 484-488. ISSN: 0303-6286.
NAL Call Number: SF603 .V4
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats.
Language of Text: German with a summary in English.

Tagawa, M. (1994). Measures to counteract complications of anaesthesia in cats. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 47(12): 1013-1017. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Takebe, M. (1994). Injection anaesthesia in cats. Medetomidine/ketamine combination anaesthesia and its reversal with atipamezole. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 47(12): 1007-1011. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, drug antagonism, narcotic antagonists, ketamine, medetomidine, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Tanaka, K. (1994). Ketamine anaesthesia in young cats (less than a year old). Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Japan 47(12): 1019-1021. ISSN: 0447-0192.
Descriptors: anesthesia, ketamine, cats.
Language of Text: Japanese.

Tarakanov, I.A., Y.A.K. Kurambaev, and V.A. Safonov (1994). Influence of general anesthesia on acute experimental poisoning of cats with the organophosphorus pesticide. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 117(6): 587-590. ISSN: 0007-4888.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B87AE
Descriptors: anesthesia, poisoning, organophosphorus compounds, formothion, organophosphorus insecticides, laboratory animals, toxicology, pentobarbital, atropine, respiration, cats.

Thomasy, S.M., B. Pypendop, S. Stanley, and J. Ilkiw (2004). Pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine and its active metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide in cats anesthetized with isoflurane. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 18(3): 433. ISSN: 0891-6640.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .J65
Descriptors: anesthesiology, cats, lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide, isoflurane.

Trinh Thi Cam Van (1997). Su dung Zoletil gay me trong phau thuat gia suc nho [Use of Zoletil (tiletamine and zolazepam) for induction of anaesthesia in surgery of small animals]. Khoa Hoc Ky Thuat Thu Y 4(4): 74-76. ISSN: 0868-2933.
Descriptors: anesthesia, surgery, anesthetics, dogs, cats.
Language of Text: Vietnamese; Summaries in French and English.

Troncy, E. (2004). Anestesiologia del cane e del gatto misurazione della pressione arteriosa polmonare [Anaesthesiology of dogs and cats by measuring arterial pulmonary pressure]. Summa 21(2): 7-8.
Descriptors: anesthesia, anesthetics, pressure, cats, capnography.
Language of Text: Italian.
Notes: Anaesthesia in dogs and cats: controlling ventilation by capnography.

Troncy, E. (2002). Anesthesiologie du chien et du chat. Quelle analgesie pour les douleurs chroniques neurogenes? [Anaesthesiology in dogs and cats. Which analgesia for chronic neurogenic pains?]. Le Point Veterinaire 33(223): 9. ISSN: 0303-4997.
NAL Call Number: SF602.P6
Descriptors: dogs, cats, pain, nervous system diseases, analgesics, drugs , neurotropic drugs, organic diseases, therapy .
Language of Text: French.

Troncy, E., N. Diss, P. Coupat, S. Cuvelliez, and J.P. Genevois (1999). Anesthesie loco-regionale chez les carnivores domestiques. 2. Realisation pratique et indications diverses techniques d' anesthesie - analgesie regionale. [Loco-regional anaesthesia in domestic carnivores. 2. Practical realisation and indication of several regional anaesthesia - analgesia techniques.]. Le Point Veterinaire 30(201): 13-22. ISSN: 0303-4997.
Descriptors: dogs, cats, anesthesia, anesthetics, medicinal properties, drugs , neurotropic drugs.
Language of Text: French.

Troncy, E., N. Diss, P. Coupat, S. Cuvelliez, and J.P. Genevois (2001). Anestesia loco-regionale nei carnivori domestici: 1-Concetti generali di anestesia-analgesia loco-regionale [Loco-regional anaesthesia in domestic carnivores 1-General concepts in loco-regional anaesthesia and analgesia]. Summa 18(6): 7-9.
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, mode of action, pain, cats.
Language of Text: Italian with a summary in English.

Troncy, E., N. Diss, P. Coupat, S. Cuvelliez, and J.P. Genevois (2001). Anestesia loco-regionale nei carnivori domestici: 2. Realizzazione pratica e indicazioni delle diverse tecniche di anestesia-analgesia regionale. [Loco-regional anaesthesia in domestic carnivores 2-Practical realisation and indication of several regional anaesthesia-analgesia techniques]. Summa 18(6): 11-22.
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, drug delivery systems, infiltration, local anesthesia, pain, surgery, topical application, cats.
Language of Text: Italian with a summary in English.

Troncy, E., N. Diss, P. Coupat, S. Cuvelliez, and J.P. Genevois (1999). Anesthesie loco-regionale chez les carnivores domestiques: 1. Concepts generaux d'anesthesie-analgesie loco-regionale [Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats. 1. General concepts of local/regional anaesthesia and analgesia]. Le Point Veterinaire 30(201): 437-439. ISSN: 0303-4997.
Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesics, local anaesthetics, local anesthesia, conduction anesthesia, injectable anaesthetics, cats.
Language of Text: French; Summary in English.

Troncy, E., N. Diss, P. Coupat, S. Cuvelliez, and J.P. Genevois (1999). Anesthesie loco-regionale chez les carnivores domestiques 2. Realisation pratique et indications de diverses techniques d'anesthesie-analgesie regionale [Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats. 2. Practical applications and indications for various regional anaesthesia-analgesia techniques]. Le Point Veterinaire 30(201): 441-450. ISSN: 0303-4997.
Descriptors: anesthesia, local anesthesia, conduction anesthesia, techniques, injectable anaesthetics, local anaesthetics, cats.
Language of Text: French with a summary in English.

Troncy, E., S. Junot, S. Keroack, V. Sammut, P. Pibarot, J.P. Genevois, and S. Cuvelliez (2002). Results of preemptive epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing surgery: 265 cases (1997-1999). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221(5): 666-72. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AM3
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of adverse effects associated with epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine in dogs and cats undergoing surgery and evaluate effects of epidural administration of morphine on postoperative pain severity. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 242 dogs and 23 cats. PROCEDURE: Morphine with or without bupivacaine was administered prior to surgery with a Tuohy needle, spinal needle, or epidural catheter. In 18 dogs that underwent surgery twice, results of preemptive epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine were compared with results of systemic administration of oxymorphone and ketoprofen. RESULTS: The delivered fraction of isoflurane was significantly lower in animals given morphine and bupivacaine than in animals given morphine alone. Analgesia was of significantly longer duration in dogs given morphine and bupivacaine than in dogs given morphine alone. During anesthesia, mild respiratory and cardiovascular depression was reported. Seven dogs and 2 cats had urine retention, and 2 dogs developed pruritus. Six dogs vomited when a second dose of morphine was given epidurally the day after surgery. Eight of 72 dogs had delayed hair growth. In 18 dogs that underwent surgery twice, the delivered fraction of isoflurane was significantly lower and the duration of analgesia was significantly longer when morphine with or without bupivacaine was given epidurally than when oxymorphone and ketoprofen were given. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that preemptive epidural administration of morphine with or without bupivacaine is a safe and effective method of inducing long-lasting analgesia in dogs and cats and is superior to standard management of postoperative pain with repeated injection of oxymorphone and ketoprofen.
Descriptors: epidural analgesia, analgesics, local anesthetics, bupivacaine, cats, dogs, morphine, epidural analgesia, analgesics, local anesthetics, local anesthetics, bupivacaine, cats surgery, dogs surgery, injections, epidural, ketoprofen, morphine, oxymorphone, pain measurement, postoperative pain, postoperative pain, retrospective studies, safety, time factors, treatment outcome.

Valverde, C.R., C.R. Gregory, and J.E. Ilkiw (2002). Anesthetic management in feline renal transplantation. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 29(3): 117-125. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: allografts, anesthesia, atropine, hypertension, isoflurane, kidney transplant, nitrous oxide, opioids, postoperative, preanaesthetic medication, preoperative care, surgery, surgical operations, survival, transplantation, cats.

Verstegen, J. (1996). Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of saffan and propofol used alone or in combination with medetomidine in cats. Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia 23(2): 80. ISSN: 0950-7817.
Descriptors: evaluation, drug combinations, anesthesia, propofol, medetomidine, cats.

Walla, L. (1994). Analgesia in old dogs and cats. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 50(1): 32-33. ISSN: 0025-8628.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 M463
Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, and lymphatics, transport and circulation, cardiovascular system, neural coordination, medicine, anesthesia, electorcardiography, kidney function.
Language of Text: Polish.

Walsh, K.P., J.C. Brearley, and K.S. Cullum Hanshaw (2000). The effect of pre-anaesthetic medication on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia in cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 27(1): 45-49. ISSN: 1467-2987.
NAL Call Number: SF914 .V47
Descriptors: anesthesia, halothane, acepromazine, arrhythmia, preanaesthetic medication, diazepam, cats.

Wiese, A.J., W.W.I. Muir, and T.E. Wittum (2005). Characteristics of pain and response to analgesic treatment in dogs and cats examined at a veterinary teaching hospital emergency service. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226(12): 2004-2009. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: analgesics, drug combinations, inflammation, pain, cats.

William, M.W. (2001). Anestesia y enfermedad cardiovascular. [Anaesthesia of dogs and cats with cardiovascular disorders]. Selecciones Veterinarias 9(2): 113-125. ISSN: 0327-859X.
Descriptors: anesthesia, heart diseases, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Spanish.

Williams, V.M., B.D.X. Lascelles, and M.C. Robson (2005). Current attitudes to, and use of, peri-operative analgesia in dogs and cats by veterinarians in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53(3): 193-202. ISSN: 0048-0169.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Descriptors: analgesics, attitudes, continuing education, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opioids, pain, small animal practice, veterinarians, cats.

Winkler, K.P., C.L. Greenfield, and G.J. Benson (1997). The effect of wound irrigation with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia of the feline onychectomy patient. American Animal Hospital Association 33(4): 346-352. ISSN: 0587-2871.
NAL Call Number: SF601 .A5
Descriptors: surgical operations, wounds, anesthetics, pain, cats, drugs, lesions, neurotropic drugs, declawing , postoperative.

Yamada, H., F. Torres, T. Tamaki, E.E. Transfeldt, and P.A. Laizzo (1994). Effects of halothane, isoflurane and enflurane on motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in cats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 78(2 SUPPL.): ABSTRACT S492. ISSN: 0003-2999.
Descriptors: membranes, cell biology, morphology, nervous system, cats, enflurane, general anesthetic drug, halothane, isoflurane, non invasive motor function monitor, spinal surgery.

Yates, D. (1995). New horizons in small animal injectable anaesthesia. Irish Veterinary Journal 48(5): 176-178. ISSN: 0368-0762.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IR4
Descriptors: anesthesia, drug combinations, butorphanol, medetomidine, ketamine, xylazine, cats.

Zeltzman, P. (2003). Le sevoflurane: le gaz ideal pour l'anesthesie? [Anaesthesia of dogs and cats. Sevoflurane the ideal gas for anaesthesia]. Le Point Veterinaire 34(237): 10-11. ISSN: 0303-4997.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: French.

Zilberstein, L. and D. Tessier Vetzel (2004). Anestesia pediatrica del cane e del gatto. [Paediatric anaesthesia in dogs and cats]. Summa 21(1): 17-24.
Descriptors: anesthesia, cardiovascular system, muscle relaxants, preanaesthetic medication, young animals, cats, dogs.
Language of Text: Italian with a summary in English.

Zilberstein, L. and D. Tessier Vetzel (2003). Anesthesie pediatrique du chien et du chat [Paediatric anaesthesia in dogs and cats]. Le Point Veterinaire 34(232): 30-35. ISSN: 0303-4997.
Descriptors: anesthesia, benzodiazepines, cardiovascular system, heart rate, newborn animals, pharmacodynamics, phenothiazines, preanaesthetic medication, respiration, cats.
Language of Text: French; Summary in English.