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Descriptors:
Adolescents; At Risk Persons; Change; Change Strategies; Cognitive Processes; Cognitive Restructuring; Counseling Techniques; Foreign Countries; Intervention; Outdoor Education
Abstract:
This paper briefly outlines key aspects of how people change intentionally, some intervention principles, and the effectiveness of typical approaches used by practitioners in outdoor education. The discussion is based in a cognitive-affective and educational perspective that sees education and awareness of thought processes as the key to intentional change. Key aspects of change include: (1) what can be changed (behavior, feelings, thoughts, and wants/needs); (2) timing of change, including stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance); (3) process of change that involves how it occurs and whether or not prerequisites are necessary; and (4) resistance to change (barriers and obstacles). Practitioners can help others change by clarifying options, providing information and skills, exploring barriers and resistance, and supporting change efforts. Recommendations for outdoor practitioners working with delinquent and at-risk adolescents include providing challenging physical goals with immediate gratification, ongoing evaluation, use of "teachable moments," recognition of achievements, and tailoring of change activities to readiness of participants. (Contains 19 references.) (SAS)
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