Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with motor vehicle collisions involving driver (i.e., passenger or pedestrian) will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
• Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with violence-related injuries including gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or other injuries related to assaults and falls will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
• Patients must be eighteen years of age or older.
• Study clinicians actively monitor these patients on a daily basis and the patient's ability to participate is determined through the use of hospital medical records, daily contact with the emergency department nursing staff and hospital personnel as well as direct contact with the patient.
• Currently, patients who are intoxicated at the time of admission to the emergency room are maintained in an observation area or admitted for twenty-three hour observation in order to rule out severe injury. They will be monitored by study personnel on an hourly basis and approached to participate in the study after evidence of acute intoxication has subsided.
• Admitted patients who are intoxicated will be approached during their hospital stay after they are medically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with other penetrating trauma not related to motor vehicle collisions, violence or falls, such as poisoning, bites, contusions, concussions, strains and sprains are excluded.
• Patients with traumatic brain injury, or a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 15, are also excluded.