joe scott 2002 SAE Govt/industry meeting SLIDE 1: UPDATE & REVIEW OF TIRE ISSUES - Joseph P.Scott, NHTSA SLIDE 2: TREAD ACT - HR 5164 signed into law on November 1, 2000 - Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentaion (TREAD) Act - 3 sections relate to tire performance items (Sections 10, 11, 13) SLIDE 3: SECTION 10 - TIRE STANDARD UPGRADE - revise and update tire standards: FMVSS Nos. 109 and 119 - rulemaking must be completed by June 1, 2002 SLIDE 4: SECTION 11 - IMPROVED TIRE INFORMATION TIRE LABELING - Improve labeling for consumers to easily identify tires involved in a recall - initiate rulemaking within 30 days - complete rulemaking by June 1, 2002 INFLATION LEVELS AND LOAD LIMITS - consumer information on tire load limits - consumer information on maintaining proper tire inflation levels - no statutory deadlines established SLIDE 5: SECTION 13 - TIRE PRESSURE WARNING - require a warning system in the vehicle to indicate when the tire is significantly under-inflated - complete rulemaking by November 1, 2001 - requirement must become effective 2 years after completion of rulemaking SLIDE 6: NHTSA TIRE TESTING - PHASE 1 - purpose: to focus on developing proposals for a high speed test and endurance test - tested 12 brands with different sizes and speed ratings. - shearography analysis before and after testing - compared with a baseline FMVSS No.109 and GTS-2000 proposal SLIDE 7: 9 P-METRIC TIRES TESTED - Bridgestone Potenza RE92 P205/65R15 92H - Pirelli P4000 P205/60R15 90H - Michelin Energy MXV4 P205/65R15 94H - Hankook Optimo Plus II P205/65R15 92H - Dunlop D65 Touring P205/70R14 93T - BFS Futura 2000 ATD P205/75R16 95S - Firestone Wilderness AT P255/70R16 109S - Cooper National XT 5000 P225/60R16 97S - Firestone ATX P235/75R15 105S SLIDE 8: 3 LT TIRES TESTED - Michelin XPC 4x4 LT235/70R16 105H; Load Range C - Goodyear Wrangler AT/S LT235/75R15; Load Range C - Yokohama Geolander H/T LT225/75R16 110S; Load Range D SLIDE 9: NHTSA TIRE TESTING - PHASE 2 - Purpose: to focus on likely agency proposal for a high speed test and endurance test. - tested 12 brands with different sizes and speed ratings - shearography analysis before and after testing SLIDE 10: 8 P-METRIC TIRES TESTED - Toyo Proxes H4 P225/60R16 97H - Uniroyal Tiger Paw P225/60R16 97H - Donlop D65 Touring P205/65R16 92T - Goodyear Regatta 2 P205/65R16 92T - BFGoodrich Cientra Plus P235/75R15 105S - Cooper Lifeliner II P235/75R15 105S - Michelin XH4 P235/75R15 105S SLIDE 11: 4 LT TIRES TESTED - Pirelli Scorpion P/T P235/75R16 104S; load range C - Yokohama Geolander A/T P235/75R15 104Sl load range C - Goodyear Wranger H/T LT245/75R16 120R; load range E - Bridgestone R273 SWPII LT245/75R16 120Q; load range E SLIDE 12: OVERVIEW OF TEST RESULTS - test results are in the public docket (online at http://dms.dot.gov) NHTSA-2000-8011 - all tires completed baseline Endurance test - as expected, more failures occurred at higher speed and at lower inflation pressure - low pressure test also conducted on some tires that competed endurance test - all tires passed low pressure performance at 140kPa (20psi) SLIDE 13: KEY TEST RESULTS - all tires completed baseline High Speed test (used parameters specified in GTS-2000 proposal) - as expected - more failures occurred at combination of high load, low inflation, and long duration - failures included: tread separation, belt separation, sidewall blowout, chunking SLIDE 14: BEAD UNSEATING: TEST RESULTS Testing to proposed bead unseating wedge test: - point of application is more realistic - comparison with current bead unseating test method - 60 tires tested to each procedure - results show good correlation between forces to unseat bead in modified FMVSS No.109 and wedge test SLIDE 15: ROAD HAZARD TEST: TEST RESULTS Testing to Road Hazard Impact test: - proposed replacement for STrength test - based on SAE J1981 recommended practice - 60 tires with different aspect ratios (55, 65, 75) tested to current test, modified current test, and to SAE J1981 - only one tire had air loss or damage SLIDE 16: AGING EFFECTS: TEST RESULTS * Dynamic aging tests using 02/N2 mix as filling gas - tires run for 250 hours - 1 of 12 tire brands tested failed * Oven aging - 2 of 12 tire brands tested failed * Adhesion (Peel) test - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D413 - Adhesion test performed on tires: 1) with no conditioning; 2) after 24-hour test; and 3) after 50-hour test - trend shows lower peel strength with longer conditioning SLIDE 17: OUTLINE OF FMVSS No.139, THE NEW TIRE STANDARD Light vehicle standard for vehicles up to 10,000lbs GVWR - high speed test: UPGRADED - endurance test: UPGRADED - low pressure performance test: NEW - bead unseating test: UPGRADED - road hazard impact test: UPGRADED - aging effects test: NEW SLIDE 18: HIGH SPEED TEST: OVERVIEW - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance during high speed operation - UPGRADE: mainly through higher test speed - TEST PARAMETERS: * speed: 140/150/160 km/h (87/93/99 mph) * inflation pressure: 22 kPa (32psi) for P-metric * load: 85% of maximum load rating * duration: 30 minutes at each speed step * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 19: ENDURANCE TEST: OVERVIEW: - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance for an extended duration - UPGRADE: mainly through higher test speed and higher load for a longer duration - TEST PARAMETERS: * speed: 120 km/h (75 mph) * inflation pressure: 180 kPa (26psi): P-metric tires * load: 90/100/100% of maximum * duration: 8/10/22 hours * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 20: - LOW-PRESSURE PERFORMANCE TEST: OVERVIEW (1 of 2) - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance at TPMS low pressure threshold (new requirement) - One of the two alternatives will be selected for final rule - TEST PARAMETERS - ALTERNATIVE 1 * use same tire that completed Endurance test * test speed: 120 km/h (75 mph) * inflation: (140 kPa (20psi) P-metric tires * test load: 100% of the maximum load rating * duration: 90 minutes * AMBIENT: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 21: LOW PRESSURE PERFORMANCE TEST: OVERVIEW (2 of 2) TEST PARAMETERS - ALTERNATIVE 2 * use same tire that completed Endurance test * test speed: 140/150/160 km/h (87/93/99 mph) * inflation: 140 kPa (20psi): P-metric tires * duration: 30 minutes at each speed * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 22: BEAD UNSEATING TEST: OVERVIEW - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire resistance to bead becomnig unseated from the rim during severe vehicle maneuvers - UPGRADE: mainly through point of application of force - TEST: Toyota wedge test - TEST PARAMETERS: * force: 2.0 times maximum tire load limit * inflation: 180 kPa (26psi) - P-metric tires SLIDE 23: ROAD HAZARD IMPACT TEST: OVERVIEW - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire impacting a road hazard such as a pothole or curb - UPGRADE: mainly through new test method - SAE J1981, Road Hazard Impact Test for Wheel and Tire Assemblies - TEST PARAMETERS: * inlation: 180 kPa (26psi) - P-metric tires * initial point of striker: 80 degrees to vertical SLIDE 24: AGING EFFECTS TEST: OVERVIEW - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance as a result of aging - NEW REQUIREMENT: three alternatives proposed for aging effects test; one will be selected for final rule: * Alternative 1: adhesion test using ASTM Standard D 413-98 * Alternative 2: long term durability endurance test * Alternative 3: oven aging test SLIDE 25: AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.1 OF 3 - Alternative 1 = adhesion test evaluates force to separate adjascent belts - test parameters for 24-conditioning * speed: 120 km/h (75mph) * inflation: 180 kPa (26 psi) * load: 90/100/110% of maximum load rating * duration: 8 hours at each load * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) - specimen then used for Adhesion test * minimum peel strength of 30 lbs/in proposed SLIDE 26: AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.2 OF 3 - Alternative 2 = long term durability endurance test - test parameters: * speed: 96 km/h (60mph) * inflation: 275 kPa (40psi) * filling gas: 50% O2, then 50% N2 * load: 111% of maximum load rating * duration: 250 hours * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 27: AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.3 OF 3 - Alternative 3 = oven aging test - Oven aging: 14 days at 75 degrees C - test parameters after oven aging: * speed: 120 km/h (75mph) * inflation: 180 kPa (26psi) * load: 90/100/110% of maximum load rating * duration: 8 hours at each load * ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F) SLIDE 28: FMVSS No. 139 EFFECTIVE DATE (1 of 2) - agency proposed two alternatives for effective dates: - Alternative 1 = with phase-in * 2 year phase-in for P-metric tires * would require production data from manufacturers to enforce for Year 1 * beginning September 1, 2003: 50% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements * beginning September 1, 2004: 100% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements * beginning September 1, 2005: 100% of LT tires must meet new requirements SLIDE 29: FMVSS No. 139 EFFECTIVE DATE (2 of 2) - Alternative 2 = no phase-in * no phase-in for P-metric tires * would not require production data from manufacturers to enforce * beginning September 1, 2003: 100% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements * beginning September 1, 2004: 100% of LT tires must meet new requirements SLIDE 30: PROPOSALS FOR LABELING REQUIREMENTS - NPRM issued on December 19, 2001 * NHTSA Docket No. 1157 * Applicable to vehicles with GVWR <10,000lbs * tire idenditification number (TIN) * load limits/load index * maximum inflation pressure * vehicle placard content & location - Comment period closed February 19, 2002 * agency received approximately 40 comments SLIDE 31: SUMMARY Three Tire-related Rulemakings in Progress: 1. Labeling NPRM: published December 19,2001 * comment period closed February 19, 2002 * reviewing comments and developing final rule * final rule due by June 1, 2002 2. TPMS Final Rule: SOON 3. Tire Upgrade NPRM: published March 5, 2002 * comment period closes: June 5, 2002 (extended 30 days from may 6) * agency will proceed to final rule after reviewing all comments