Contacts

Direction to the Lab

EMU Contacts

SEM Issues or Questions to: Gary.Bauchan@ars.usda.gov TEM Page Issues or Questions to: Charlie.Murphy@ars.usda.gov Web Page and Imaging Issues or Questions to: Chris.Pooley@ars.usda.gov

Phone Numbers

Gary Bauchan (301) 504-6649 Chris Pooley or Charlie Murphy(301) 504-9027 (301) 504-8923 Fax

Collaborators

Eric Erbe Retired Dr. W.P. Wergin: WWergin@msn.com Retired Research Leader/Scientist Dr. Albert Rango: alrango@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Research Hydrologist Dr. James Foster: jfoster@glacier.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA Dr. Dorothy Hall: dhall@glacier.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA

Snow Links

A great website about the father of snow crystal photomicrography, his history and results.

Wonderful site on the physics of snow crystal formation and the light microscopy of snow.

Describes a classification system of snow crystals related to atmospheric conditions.

Beautiful light micrographs of snow and explanations of it's formation.

Comprehensive repository for snow and ice data.

MODIS

Glacier Bay

Snow Crystal Publications

Foster, J., A. Chang, D. Hall, A. Tait, W. Wergin and E. Erbe. 2000. Continuing measurements of CO2 crystals with a hand-held 35 GHz radiometer. LPI Contribution No. 1057, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Mars Polar Science and Exploration. Reykjavik, Iceland August 21-25.

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin, E. F. Erbe and E.G. Josberger. 2000. Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy. III. Glacier ice, snow and biota. J. Hydrological Sciences 45(3):357-375.

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin and E. F. Erbe. Comparison of low temperature scanning electron microscope images of snow crystals with existing snow classification systems and light microscope images. Amer. Geophys. Union.

Foster, J., A. Chang, D. Hall, W. Wergin, E Erbe and A. Rango. Remote sensing of snow ans carbon dioxide crystal at 35 GHz and comparisons with a discrete dipole model. ABSTR.

Foster, J., D. Hall, A. T. C. Chang,, A. Rango, W. Wergin and E. Erbe. 1999. Effect of snow crystal shape on the scattering of passive microwave radiation. IEEE Transactions of Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 37:1165-68.

Wergin, W.P., A. Rango and E.F. Erbe. 1999. Observations of rime and graupel using low temperature SEM. Scanning 21:87-88.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1999. Observations of rime and graupel using low temperature SEM. Scanning 21:87-88.

Foster, J., D. Hall, A. T. C. Chang, A. Rango, W. Wergin and E. Erbe. 1999. Effects of snow crystal shape on the scattering of passive microwave radiation. IEEE Transactions of Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 37:1165-68.

Article from Agricultural Research/October 1998 on Martian Ice get Acrobat pdf reader

Wergin, W. P., E. F. Erbe and A. Rango. 1998. Use of video (light) microscopy and low temperature scanning electron microscopy to observe identical frozen specimens. Electron Microscopy 1998, Vol IV. pp 325-326.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1998. Image comparisons of snow and ice crystals photographed by light (video) microscopy and low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Scanning. 20:285-96.

Foster, J. L., A. T. C. Chang, D. K. Hall, W. P. Wergin, E. F. Erbe and J. Barton. 1998. Carbon dioxide crystals: An examination of their size, shape and scattering properties at 37 GHz and comparisons with water ice (snow) measurements. J. Geophysical Res. 103:25839-850.

Wergin, W. P., J. L. Foster, A. T. C. Chang, D. K. Hall, A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1997. Structure of carbon dioxide crystals (Martian snow) as observed in TEM replicas and low temperature SEM images. Microsc. and Microanalysis. 3(suppl 2): 1235-36.

Foster, J. L., W. P. Wergin, E. Erbe, A. T. C. Chang, and D. K. Hall. 1997.Observations and comparisons of H2O (snow) and CO2 crystals using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Workshop on remote sensing of planetary ices: Earth and other solid bodies. Flagstaff, AZ June,

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E.F. Erbe. 1997 Sampling, storing and shipping snow crystals to correlate and photograph images using light microscopy and low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Geophysical Union, p 156. Abstr.

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin and E. F. Erbe. 1997 3-D Characterization of snow crystals as an aid to remote sensing of snow water equivalent. PP 295-310. In: Applications of Remote Sensing in Hydrology. G. W. Kite, A. Pietroniro and T. J. Pultz, eds. National Hydrology Research Institute, 11 Inovation Blvd. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1996 The structure and metamorphism of snow crystals as revealed by low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Proc. Eastern Snow Conf. 53:195-204.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1996 Metamorphism of Snowflakes as Observed with Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy. Scanning 18:199-200.

William P. Wergin, Albert Rango, Eric F. Erbe and Charles A. Murphy. 1996. Low Temperature SEM of Precipitated and Metamorphosed Snow Crystals Collected and Transported from Remote Sites. J. Microsc. Soc. Amer. 2:99-112. get Acrobat pdf reader

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1996 Use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy to observe icicles, ice fabric, rime and frost. Proc. Microsc. Soc. Amer. 54:147-48.

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin and E. F. Erbe. 1996 3-D Characterization of snow crystals utilizing low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Proc. Western Snow Conference. Ed. by C. Troendle. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 1996. pp 13-22

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin and E. F. Erbe. 1996 Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: Part II Metamorphosed snow. Hydrological Sciences J. 41:235-250.

Rango, A., W. P. Wergin and E. F. Erbe. 1996 Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: Part I Precipitated snow. Hydrological Sciences J. 41:219-233.

Foster, J.L., D.K. Hall, et al. 1996 Observations of snow crystal shape in cold snowpacks using scanning electron microscopy. Proc. Internat. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society. 4:2011-2013.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1995 Three dimensional characterization of snow crystals using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Scanning 17:V29-V30.

Wergin, W. P., A. Rango and E. F. Erbe. 1995 Observations of snow crystals using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Scanning. 17:41-49.

Wergin, W. P. 1995 Dashing through the snow on U.S. stamps. Lynn's Stamp News. pp. 50-51.

Wergin, W. P. and E. F. Erbe. 1994 Can you image a snowflake with an SEM? Certainly! Proc. Royal Microsc. Soc. 29:138-140.

Wergin, W. P. and E. F. Erbe. 1994 Use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy to examine snow crystals. Proc. 13th Internat. Cong. Electron Microsc. 3B:993-994.

Wergin, W. P. and E. F. Erbe. 1994 Snow crystals: Capturing snow flakes for observation with the low temperature scanning electron microscope. Scanning 16:IV88-IV89.

Return back to Front Page