DAVID Gene Report
2864938
interleukin 2 Related Genes Homo sapiens
SP_COMMENT
disease:A chromosomal aberration involving IL2 is found in a form of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Translocation t(4;16)(q26;p13) with involves TNFRSF17.,
function:Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.,
pharmaceutical:Available under the name Proleukin (Chiron). Used in patients with renal cell carcinoma or metastatic melanoma.,
similarity:Belongs to the IL-2 family.,
subcellular location:Secreted.,
OMIM_DISEASE
Severe combined immunodeficiency due to IL2 deficiency ,
REFSEQ_PROTEIN
NP_000577 ,
ENTREZ_GENE_SUMMARY
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli.,
REFSEQ_MRNA
NM_000586 ,
GENPEPT_ACCESSION
AAA59139 ,
AAA59140 ,
AAA59141 ,
AAA70092 ,
AAA98792 ,
AAB46883 ,
AAB86861 ,
AAD14263 ,
AAD14264 ,
AAD48509 ,
AAG53575 ,
AAH66254 ,
AAH66255 ,
AAH66256 ,
AAH66257 ,
AAH70338 ,
AAK26665 ,
AAM97916 ,
AAP35033 ,
AAS17753 ,
ABB20900 ,
ABI20697 ,
ALT_INIT ,
CAA01199 ,
CAA23827 ,
CAA25292 ,
CAA25742 ,
CAD79831 ,
CAH18032 ,
CAJ00036 ,
EAX05227 ,
Genomic_DNA ,
mRNA ,
GENE_SYMBOL
Il2 ,
GENE_NAME
Aldesleukin,
IL-2,
IL-2 protein,
IL-2 protein (Fragment),
Interleukin 2,
Interleukin 2 (Fragment),
Interleukin-2,
Interleukin-2 (Fragment),
Interleukin-2 precursor (IL-2) (T-cell growth factor) (TCGF) (Aldesleukin),
T-cell growth factor,
TCGF,
interleukin-2 precursor,
GENERIF_SUMMARY
Primary T lymphocytes that exhibit avid specific melanoma antigen and tumor recognition can be retrovirally transduced, produce IL-2 and grow for over 8 weeks in the absence of IL-2, upon restimulation. ,
kinetic mechanism of basal transcription at the IL-2 promoter using a human in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system ,
IL-2 plays an important and complex role in the immune system, serving as a growth factor, a differentiation factor, and a regulator of cell death. ,
role in regulation of Toll-like receptor surface expression in human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells ,
Molecular mechanism of NFAT family proteins for differential regulation of the IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters. ,
recombinant IL-2 treatment decreases P-glycoprotein activity and paclitaxel metabolism ,
The in situ detection of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) has been documented in perinatal white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia. ,
effect of hla-dr matching on acute rejection after heart transplantation influenced by il-2 polymorphism ,
IL-2 directly affects NK cell migratory ability in vitro by rapid and direct down-regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA expression, a decrease associated with a significant reduction in chemotaxis in the presence of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10. ,
increased HIV replication in the thymus by inducing differentiation and expansion of mature CD27(+) thymocytes expressing CXCR4 or CCR5 ,
B-CLL patients with progressive disease had a significantly increased number of T cells spontaneously producing IL-2, IL-4 and GM-CSF, suggesting a role for T cells in the pathogenesis of B-CLL. ,
Elevated IL-2 and IL-2 receptor serum levels correlated with the severity of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation, and evidence suggested that both act together in the development of cutaneous GVHD. ,
IL-2 transcription in Jurkat cells is stimulated by a T cell receptor/DOCK2/Rac2 signal transduction pathway ,
The proximal promoter region of the IL-2 gene can assemble into a rotationally and translationally positioned mononucleosome under chromatin reconstitution conditions in vitro and in vivo, maintaining an inactive IL-2 gene in resting T cells. ,
The long-term immunologic effects of IL2 administered to HIV patients, including expansion of T-cell subsets and up-regulation of CD25 expression without increases in expression of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor. ,
The spectrin-ankyrin skeleton controls CD45 surface display and interleukin-2 production. ,
mechanisms of IL-2-mediated prosurvival signaling in NK cells via an Akt-dependent pathway regulated by Syk and Rac1 ,
the higher capacity of CTL clones to produce IL-2 on their own seemed to be correlated with the in vivo efficacy for tumor eradication ,
hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation ,
CD56+ NK cells exist in lymph nodes & endogenous T-cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates them to secrete IFN-gamma. This is the 1st evidence of immunoregulation of innate immune lymphocytes by adaptive ones. ,
A novel hematopoietic adaptor protein, Chat-H, positively regulates T cell receptor-mediated production of this protein in Jurkat cells. ,
Nuclear export of NF90 is required for its interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization. ,
IL-2 decreased the expression of ERK2 & increased the expression of ERK3. IL-2 increased the expression of PKCalpha, PKCdelta and PKCepsilon. ,
endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and amino-terminal propeptide type III procollagen (PIII NP) can be used as markers for diagnosis of human cases infected with chronic and acute filariasis ,
IL2 production is increased by FAP48-FKBP complexes ,
no evidence for genetic association conferred by the -384 and 114 IL-2 SNP with respect to susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. ,
denaturation transitions in the secondary and tertiary structure of IL-2 suggest intermediates and possible relation to ligand binding and endocytic trafficking ,
One synthetic fragment consisting of amino acids 22-58 contained 100% of the vasopermeability activity of IL-2 and was designated permeability-enhancing peptide (PEP). ,
IL-2 deprivation raises the level of RC3 and other apoptotic factors, which induce apoptosis by increasing the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ,
IL-2 regulates homeostasis by modulating the equilibrium between proliferation and apoptotic cell death in T cells that have recently exited from the thymus as well as mature naive and memory T cell subsets. ,
Genotype is associated with kidney transplantation rejection, but not with heart transplantation outcome. ,
The mixed leukcyte culture model suggest that allorecognition upregulates IL-2 but not IL-15 expression. ,
In all three groups of patients significant correlation was seen between abundance of IL-2 vs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TNF-alpha, between IL-4 vs. IL-10, and between TNF-alpha vs. INF-gamma ,
IL-2 secretion from rat T9.F glioma cells enhances tumorigenesis when the tumor is implanted in the brain; in contrast, IL-2-secreting T9.F glioma cells are completely rejected when implanted in the periphery, resulting in tumor-specific immunity. ,
expression of alleles of the genes encoding IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-13 in CD4(+) T cell clones ,
Upon prolonged culture (down phase), human T cells undergo an IL-2-dependent switch from type II signaling to type I signaling cells that renders T cells sensitive to CD95-mediated activation-induced cell death. ,
Number of CD8+/IL-2 cells significantly higher in elderly trained than in elderly untrained. ,
IL-2 activates not only STAT3, STAT5, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 pathway, but also STAT4 as in NK cells, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as in alpha beta T cells. ,
Because IL-2 regulates gene expression through the interactions of transcription factors with IFN-gamma activated sequence and Ets binding site motifs, it is likely that IL-2 influences CD94 gene expression through formation of DNA-protein complexes. ,
The development of breast tumour is associated with an increased expression of IL-2 and this expression also seems to be associated with the malignancy of the tumour. ,
analysis of IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcript levels, produced in stimulated Jurkat cells, showed an increased expression of both cytokines in CLA-treated cells ,
Intensive GVHD prophylaxis is needed for patients with at least one IL-2 G allele. ,
Overexpression of KRC in transformed and primary T cells leads to increased IL-2 production ,
IL-2(-/-) mucosa exhibits impaired electroneutral Na(+)-Cl(-) absorption and electrogenic Na(+) transport due to reduced mRNA and protein expression of NHE3 and ENaC beta- and gamma-subunit mRNA. ,
transcriptional activation of IL-2 requires MEF2 and other cytokine genes and collaborates with NFAT ,
In the present work have found that IL2 promoter-luciferase constructs, transfected in Jurkat cell line, showed twofold higher levels of gene expression in the -330 G allele. ,
Treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) corrected the functional defects of NK cells by affecting their ability to bind to sensitive target cells and to accumulate F-actin in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome cells ,
IL-2 and TGF-beta trigger a cytokine-dependent self-perpetuating loop to sustain specific T regulatory cell suppressive activity. ,
concetration in children with acute lymphoblbastic leukemia after chemotherapy ,
serine 114 phosphorylation and nuclear localization of RIIbeta controls the regulation of IL-2 gene expression in T cells. ,
IL-2 is required to terminate experimentally induced clonal t-cell anergy. ,
IL-2 and/or IL-12 genes injected directly into spleen increase serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels and enhance NK cell activity, which may inhibit liver tumor growth. Therapy of fused gene IL-2/IL-12 is of low toxicity and relatively high NK cell activity. ,
interleukin-2 transcriptionally regulates interferon-gamma ,
Data provide evidence that B-Raf is a positive regulator of T cell receptor-mediated sustained ERK activation, which is required for NFAT activation and the full production of IL-2. ,
Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-2 reciprocally regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 through selective NFAT1- and NFAT2-dependent mechanisms ,
dendritic cell-produced IL-2 is tightly coregulated with the expression of IL-15. ,
low-density shock waves enhance IL-2 expression through a mechanism that involves p38 MAPK activation ,
comparative study of the IL2 effect on NK cell subpopulations present on PB stem cell collections from healthy individuals and patients with hematologic malignancies ,
Endogenous melatonin is an essential part for an accurate response of human lymphocytes through the modulation of IL-2/IL-2 receptor system. ,
Interleukins 2 and 15 regulate Ets1 expression via ERK1/2 and MNK1 in human natural killer cells ,
ability of endoplasmic reticulum-retained IL-2 to provide autocrine growth stimulation to natural killer cells ,
During the IL-2-induced heart graft rejection process, infiltrated T cells become more sensitive to apoptosis. ,
Absence of endogenous IL-2 in knockout mice affects cholinergic but not GABAergic septohippocampal projection neuron cell bodies in the medial septum with alterations in neuronal cell number and production of neurotrophins BDNF and NGF. ,
Recombinant human IL-2 combined with IL-12 and recombinant IL-18 induces phenotypic and functional changes in murine thymocytes that alter migration, differentiation, and cell death of immature T cells in the thymus and potentially affect Th1/Th2 bias. ,
the lower stability of zeta mRNA/exon 7(-) might be responsible for the reduced expression of the TCR/CD3 complex, including zeta protein, in SLE T cells ,
Results identify calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV as being responsible for the increased expression of CREM and the decreased production of interleukin-2 in systemic lupus erythematosus T cells. ,
failure of IL-2 secretion, as opposed to physical deletion or complete functional unresponsiveness, appears to be an important determinant of the status of CD4+ T cell populations in chronic hepatitis C infection. ,
gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric atrophy induced by H. pylori infection and might predispose to gastric cancer. ,
We then showed that AICAR inhibited PMA/Io-induced IL-2 mRNA expression and IL-2 promoter activation. ,
Neither white or African American casrriers of IL2(-385)G had incerased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. ,
No statistically significant difference in the distribution of IL-2 genotypes between patients with stable graft function and acute kidney allograft rejection. ,
IL-15 but not IL-2 may have a role in xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease ,
A quantitative relationship is established between receptor alpha subunit binding affinity and mitogenic activity for IL-2 and IL-15. ,
a significant association of the IL-2 -330 TT genotype and of the IL-4 -590 CC genotype with schizophrenia could be identified ,
Simian immunodeficiency virus derived from African green monkeys (SIVagm3) is a potent activator of IL-2 gene expression. ,
Study of structure by nuclear magnetic resonance. ,
interleukin-2-stimulated human T-lymphocytes are regulated by Rho signaling pathways ,
ALX exerts its effect on IL-2 up-regulation in the cytoplasm and responds to TCR and CD28 signaling ,
TAK1 plays a critical role in T cell activation by controlling production of IL-2. ,
the crystal structure, at 2.3 A resolution, of the quaternary complex of IL-2 with the extracellular domains of receptors IL-2R alpha, IL-2Rss, and gamma c. ,
The crystal structure of the trimeric assembly of the human IL-2 receptor ectodomains in complex with IL-2 at 3.0 A resolution was described. ,
When T cells were stimulated under weak stimulation conditions, pharmaceutical and molecular p38 inhibitors induced a dramatic increase of IL-2 production. ,
IL-2 in human milk may provide the suckling infant with important immunological signals during a significant stage of T cell development ,
Endogenous IL-2 plays a key role in rendering resident naive CD4 T cells susceptible to HIV infection. ,
Th cell-derived IL-2 paradoxically controls both tolerance and immunity to a tumor/self-Ag in vivo ,
IL-2 was analyzed for different T-cell subsets from 20 normal subjects (mean age 33.5 years) and reference values were defined. ,
sIL-2R and IL-6, but not IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10, may have a role in preventing progression of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ,
IL2 and GMCSF do not cause a cumulative gain in peripheral dendritic cell counts or an increase in myeloid BDCA-1+ BDCA-2- dendritic cell subset in the peripheral blood. ,
As compared to the control material, in livers of both groups of chronic hepatitis C patients augmented expression of IL-2 was demonstrated. ,
IL-2 and IL-6 in saliva may have roles in development of burning mouth syndrome ,
serum IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are increased, and IL-2 and IL-6 are decreased in newly diagnosed IDDM patients ,
Response to Th1 cytokines suggests they may play a significant role in modulating NKCA following a strenuous bout of aerobic exercise when carbohydrate is consumed. ,
all-trans retinoic acid(RA), via RA receptor, stimulates IL-2-induced signaling in a JAK-dependent manner to enhance cyclin D3 expression and thereby promote T cell proliferation ,
Both early interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production independently predict subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naive volunteers; IL-2 inversely correlates with resting memory at 9 months in malaria-exposed subjects. ,
The early induction of IP-10 and IL-2, as well as the subsequent over-production of IL-6 and lack of IL-10 production, probably contribute to the main immuno-pathological processes involved in lung injury in SARS. ,
The data suggest that PKD2 is involved in IL-2 promoter regulation and cell death depending on its activity upon TCR stimulation in Jurkat cells. ,
AMPK mediates IL-2 production by regulating NF-AT and AP-1activation during T cell stimulation. ,
IL-2 has a distinct inductive effect on APOBEC3G (A3G) deoxycytidine deaminase gene expression and A3G complex assembly that occur in natural cellular targets of human immunodeficiency virus infection. ,
significant difference in distribution of the genotype of the IL-2 gene polymorphism between the prostate cancer group and the control group ,
an impaired, but not abolished, survival response to IL-2 and IL-15 accounts for the persistent lack of NK cells and the transient CD8 alphabeta T lymphopenia associated with familial NK cell deficiency ,
Quantitative measurement of cytokine IL-2 regulated gene expression may represent a method to assess the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation. ,
HNP enhanced the interaction between A549 cells and CD4+ lymphocytes by increasing cell adhesion and release of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-8. This was attenuated by using an alpha1-proteinase inhibitor to neutralize HNP. ,
the amount of NF-ATc2 bound to the promoters of CD154 (CD40L) and IL-2 genes in SLE; although high NF-ATc2 levels translated into higher CD154 transcription in SLE, IL-2 transcription was decreased ,
IL-2 core promoter contains a TATA box that is critical for inducible expression ,
IL-18-105A/C but not IL-2 polymorphism may play an effective role in rheumatoid arthritis ,
polymorphic variations of pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis ,
IL2 gene polymorphisms may be involved in susceptibility to systemic sclerosis. ,
CXCR3 expression on mononuclear cells and CXCR3 ligands in renal cell carcinoma is increased in response to systemic IL-2 therapy ,
IL-2 levels are higher in nontransplanted than in transplanted liver patients with hepatitis C. ,
rIL-2 induced IL-9 production by 8 out of 19 Th clones. Synthesis of IL-9, a Th2 cytokine, is dependent on IL-2, a Th1 cytokine, which is produced by Th cells themselves. ,
Genetic variation in a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing the KIAA1109-TENR-IL2-IL21 genes predisposes to celiac disease. ,
IL-2 induced regulation of Sgk1 and a role of the IL-2 receptor and Sgk1 in the regulation of epithelial tumor cell death and survival. ,
the inhibitory effect of PA, SA, DHA, and EPA on lymphocyte proliferation observed in our previous study was attributable to a decrease in JAK/STAT, ERK, and Akt pathways activated by IL-2. ,
Provide novel insights into the temporal regulation of gene expression during IL-2 deprivation-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis. ,
there is a strong association between the maintenance of highly functional CD4 T cells producing IFNgamma, IL-2, and TNFalpha and control of HIV-1 ,
INFL reduced IFN-gamma- mRNA and, to a lesser extent, IL-6-mRNA; it also reduced the T-cell-derived cytokine IL-2. ,
A statistically significant increase of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentr. was observed in patients from stage I to stage III of NSCLC. These findings suggest that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and the leptin play an important role in the cancerogenesis of NSCLC. ,
CHROMOSOME
4,
ENTREZ_GENE_ID
3558 ,
PIR_SUMMARY
Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine- activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.,
UNIGENE
Hs.89679 ,
UNIREF100_ID
UniRef100_P60568 ,
UniRef100_Q13169 ,
UniRef100_Q16334 ,
UniRef100_Q6NZ93 ,
UniRef100_Q7Z7M3 ,
PIR_NREF_ID
NF00091098,
NF00092837,
NF00113049,
NF00115805,
NF00120690,
NF00134132,
NF00137434,
NF01098856,
NF01303727,
NF01686482,
NF01687575,
NF01687816,
UNIPROT_ID
IL2_HUMAN ,
Q13169_HUMAN ,
Q16334_HUMAN ,
Q309Q7_HUMAN ,
Q6NZ91_HUMAN ,
Q6NZ93_HUMAN ,
Q6QWN0_HUMAN ,
Q71V48_HUMAN ,
Q7Z7M3_HUMAN ,
Q8NFA4_HUMAN ,
Q9C001_HUMAN ,
CYTOBAND
4q26-q27,
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