Catalogue Query Results
Drosicha WalkerNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha Walker, 1858: 306. Type species: Drosicha contrahens Walker, by monotypy and original designation.
Drosycha; Signoret, 1876: 351. Misspelling of genus name.
Villigera Karsch, 1877: 16. Type species: Villigera frauenfeldi Karsch, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy by Ben-Dov & Williams, 2002: 338.
Monophlebus (Drosicha); Cockerell, 1902q: 233. Change of status.
Cockerellella MacGillivray, 1921: 71. Type species: Monophlebus townsendi Cockerell, by monotypy. Synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 163.
Greenacoccus MacGillivray, 1921: 474. Replacement name for Greeniella MacGillivray, 1921; synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 163.
Greenella; MacGillivray, 1921: 75. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Mis-spelling of "Greeniella".
Greeniella MacGillivray, 1921: 75. Type species: Monophlebus stebbingii Stebbing. Synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 163. Homonym of Greeniella Cockerell, 1897.
Warajicoccus Kuwana, 1922: 7. Type species: Monophlebus corpulentus Kuwana, by original designation. Synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 163.
Drosiche; Kuwana, 1931b: 163. Misspelling of genus name.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Morrison (1927), Vayssiere (1926), Borchsenius (1950b), Danzig (1980b) and by Williams & Watson (1990).
SYSTEMATICS: Tang & Hao (1995) discussed the problem of the taxonomic identity of the type species. The generic name Greeniella was used in scale insect nomenclature for two zoologically different entities. Greeniella MacGillivray, 1921 (type species: Monophlebus stebbingii Stebbing) is a junior homonym of Greeniella Cockerell, and a junior synonym of Drosicha Walker in the Margarodidae. Ben-Dov & Williams (2002) examined the literature pertinent to Drosicha and Villigera and confirmed that the latter is a synonym of Drosicha. Greeniella Cockerell, 1897q (type species: Aonidia cornigera Green) is a valid genus in the Diaspididae. Main characteristics (adult female) of this genus are: membranous derm; antenna 8 or 9-segmented; labium three-segmented, elongate; seven pairs of abdominal segments; anal opening simple, surrounded by a dense cluster of hairs and setae; with three ventral cicatrices, placed behind vulva. The adult male of this genus is characterized in the abdomen bearing variable number (two to six pairs) of well-developed fleshy tassels.
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-129, 612-613 (male) [China, Asia]; Tang & Hao 1995: 129-130, 611 (female) [China, Asia]; Jashenko 1994c: 37-38 (female) [Palearctic]; Jashenko 1994: 38-39 (male) [Palearctic]; Williams & Watson 1990: 15-16 (female) [Margarodidae Genera of Tropical South pacific]; Yang 1982: 18-19 (female) [China]; Danzig 1980b: 86 (female) [Genera of Far East Russia]; Beardsley 1966: 391 (female) [Genera of Micronesia]; Borchsenius 1950b: 32 (female) [Genera of USSR]; Vayssière 1926: 258-259 (female) [Margarodidae]; Vayssière 1923a: 427 (female) [Monophlebinae]; Morrison 1920: 149 (female) [Philippines].
CITATIONS: Beards1966 [taxonomy: 394]; BenDov2005a [taxonomy, catalogue: 160-161]; BenDovWi2002 [taxonomy: 338]; Borchs1950b [taxonomy: 32,42-43]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy: 233]; Danzig1980b [taxonomy, description: 86-87]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 18-19]; Ferris1922b [taxonomy: 248]; Ferris1955c [taxonomy: 32]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 422]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 199]; GullanSj2001 [taxonomy: 257-278]; HodgsoFo2006 [taxonomy: 144]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy: 26,37-39]; Karsch1877 [taxonomy: 16]; Kawai1972 [taxonomy: 2]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, description: 85]; Kuwana1922 [taxonomy, description: 1-7]; Kuwana1927 [taxonomy: 70]; Kuwana1931b [taxonomy: 163]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 184,186,197,198]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 70,74,75,395,474]; MkrtchSa2001 [structure, taxonomy: 167-168]; Morris1920 [taxonomy: 149,157]; Morris1928 [taxonomy, description: 18-26,160-172,219]; MorrisMo1923 [taxonomy: 2,43,86,87,202]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy, catalogue: 43,63,87,204]; Reyne1965b [taxonomy: 174-177]; Signor1876 [taxonomy, description: 350-354]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 125-130,560-561]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 2]; Vayssi1923a [taxonomy, description: 427]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy, description: 258,273-274]; Walker1858 [taxonomy, description: 306]; Westwo1845 [taxonomy: 21-22]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy, description: 16-18]; Xie1998 [taxonomy, description: 19]; Yang1982 [taxonomy: 19,32].
Drosicha afganica JashenkoNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha afganica Jashenko, 1994c: 36. Type data: AFGHANISTAN: South-East Afghanistan, Jalalabad, on branches of Mespilus sp., 21.vii.1966, coll. E. Sugonjaev. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
HOST: Rosaceae: Mespilus [Jashen1994c].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: Afghanistan [Jashen1994c].
BIOLOGY: Adults emerge at the end of June (Jashenko, 1999).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Jashenko (1994c).
KEYS: Jashenko 1994c: 37 (female) [Palearctic].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 161]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 199]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 36-37]; Jashen1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history: 44].
Drosicha burmeisteri (Westwood)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus burmeisteri Westwood, 1845: 22. Type data: Locality and host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Described: male. Illust. Notes: Depository of type material unknown. No material was found by Yair Ben-Dov at the Natural History Museum, Oxford, UK, during a visit on December 15, 2002.
Monophloebus burmeisteri; Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 724. Misspelling of genus name.
Drosicha burmeisteri; Cockerell, 1902q: 233. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Rhus [Takaha1942b]. Dipterocarpaceae: Dipterocarpus [Takaha1942b]. Fagaceae: Quercus [Takaha1942b]. Lauraceae: Machilus [Takaha1942b]. Pinaceae: Pinus [Kuwana1902].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Thailand [Takaha1942b]. Palaearctic: Japan (Kyushu [Kuwana1902]).
SYSTEMATICS: Described from the adult male only (Westwood, 1845).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 611-613 (male, female) [Asia].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 162]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy: 236]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 18]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 422]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 199]; Kuwana1902 [host, distribution: 46]; Lindin1954 [taxonomy: 616]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169,222]; Reyne1965b [taxonomy: 179]; Signor1869 [taxonomy: 845]; Signor1876 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 364-365]; Takaha1942b [taxonomy, host, distribution: 3]; Targio1868 [taxonomy: 724]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 267]; Westwo1845 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 22]; Yang1982 [host, distribution: 32].
Drosicha contrahens WalkerNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha contrahens Walker, 1858: 306. Type data: CHINA: North China; from Mr. Fortune's collection. Holotype male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male.
Monophlebus contrahens; Cockerell, 1902q: 232. Change of combination.
FOES: HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Microterys drosichaphagus Xu [Noyes2004], Microterys shaanxiensis Xu [Noyes2004].
HOSTS: Euphorbiaceae: Phyllanthus [Green1922]. Lauraceae: Persea gratissima [Tao1999]. Moraceae: Morus [TangHa1995]. Rosaceae: Malus pumila [Tao1999], Pyrus communis [Tao1999].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Fujian (=Fukien) [Tao1999], Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) [Tao1999], Sichuan (=Szechwan) [Tao1999], Yunnan [Tao1999], Zhejiang (=Chekiang) [Tao1999]); Sri Lanka [Signor1876]; Taiwan [Tao1999]. Palaearctic: China [Walker1858, TangHa1995] (Hebei (=Hopei) [Tao1999, XuSuWu1999], Jilin (=Kirin) [Tao1999], Liaoning [Tao1999], Shandong (=Shantung) [Tao1999]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult male given by Morrison (1928) and by Tang & Hao (1995).
STRUCTURE: The general appearance (in colour illustration) of the adult female is given by Green (1922).
SYSTEMATICS: Walker's (1858) type is labelled as from North China (see Green, 1923c). Signoret's (1876) redescription was based on material from Sri Lanka, as well as the one by Green (1922). However, Green (1923c: 168) concluded that his 1922 record of contrahens from Sri Lanka was a misidentification of Monophlebus (Drosicha) phyllanthi Green, 1923c.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: A pest of tree crops such as apple, pear, peach, walnut, poplar and chestnut in several provinces of China (Xu et al, 1999).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Morrison 1928: 169 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue, economic importance: 162-163]; Chu1934 [taxonomy, description, illustration, life history, biological control: 77-92]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 18]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 422]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 431-433]; Green1923c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 168-169]; Kaweck1965a [taxonomy, structure: 205-211]; KondoKa1995a [host, distribution: 97-98]; Kuwana1927 [host, distribution: 70]; Morris1928 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 163-169, 223]; Noyes2004 [biological control]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 422]; Shiau1990 [taxonomy: 1-129]; ShiLi1991 [host, distribution: 161]; Signor1876 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 354-356]; SrivasAw1958 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 243-244]; Tang2001 [distribution: 3]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 130, 561, 681]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 2]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274]; WadhiBa1964 [host, distribution, economic importance: 227-260]; Walker1858 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 306]; XuSuWu1999 [life history, host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 52-54]; Yang1982 [host, distribution: 32].
Drosicha corpulenta (Kuwana)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus corpulenta Kuwana, 1902: 46. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, Nishigahara Agricultural Experiment Station, on trunk of Quercus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Illust.
Drosicha corpulenta; Cockerell, 1902r: 318. Change of combination.
Warajicoccus corpulenta; Kuwana, 1922: 7. Change of combination.
Drosicha corplenta; Shi & Liu, 1991: 161. Misspelling of species name.
FOES: COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Rodolia concolor [Jashen1999b], Rodolia limbatus Motschulsky [Kuwana1922, Jashen1999b]. DIPTERA Cryptochaetidae: Cryptochaetum grandicorne Rondani [Kuwana1922], Cryptochaetum nipponense Tokun [Cadahi1984], Cryptochaetum smaragdinum [Jashen1999b]. HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Metaphycus [Noyes2004].
HOSTS: Aceraceae: Acer barbinerve [Danzig1980b], Acer mono [Danzig1980b]. Aquifoliaceae: Ilex integra [Kuwana1922]. Araliaceae: Fatsia japonica [Kuwana1922]. Asteraceae: Petasites japonica [Kuwana1922]. Berberidaceae: Mahonia japonica [Kuwana1922]. Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum tomentosum [Kuwana1922]. Cornaceae: Cornus officinalis [Kuwana1922]. Ebenaceae: Diospyros kaki [Kuwana1922]. Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus longipes [Kuwana1922], Elaeagnus pungens [Kuwana1922]. Fabaceae: Cercis sinensis [Kuwana1922], Gleditsia japonica [Kuwana1922]. Fagaceae: Castanea vulgaris [Kuwana1922], Pasania cuspidata [Kuwana1922], Pasania glabra [Kuwana1922], Quercus [Kuwana1902, Danzig1980b], Quercus acuta [Kuwana1922], Quercus dentata [Kuwana1922], Quercus mongolica [Tao1999], Quercus serrata [Kuwana1922]. Guttiferae: Hypericum patulum [Kuwana1922]. Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia indica [Kuwana1922]. Magnoliaceae: Liriodendron tulipifera [Kuwana1922]. Moraceae: Ficus carica [Kuwana1922]. Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus vulgaris [Kuwana1922]. Rosaceae: Amelanchier asiatica [Kuwana1922], Malus [TangHa1995], Malus pumila [Tao1999], Prunus persica [Kuwana1922], Pyrus malus [Kuwana1922], Pyrus sinensis [Kuwana1922], Sorbaria sorbifolia [Kuwana1922], Spiraea japonica [Kuwana1922]. Rutaceae: Xanthoxylum piperitum [Kuwana1922]. Theaceae: Taonabo japonica [Kuwana1922], Thea sasanqua [Kuwana1922]. Ulmaceae: Celtis sinensis [Kuwana1922]. Zingiberaceae: Zingiber mioga [Kuwana1922].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Fujian (=Fukien) [Tao1999], Hubei (=Hupei) [Tao1999], Hunan [Tao1999], Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) [Tao1999, LiuXu2000], Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) [Tao1999], Sichuan (=Szechwan) [Tao1999], Yunnan [Tao1999]). Palaearctic: China (Anhui (=Anhwei) [Tao1999], Beijing (=Peking) [TangHa1995], Henan (=Honan) [Wu1999b, XuSuWu1999], Liaoning [Tao1999, XuSuWu1999], Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) [Tao1999], Shandong (=Shantung) [Tao1999, XuSuWu1999], Shanxi (=Shansi) [TangHa1995, Tao1999, XuSuWu1999], Xingiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) [Tao1999], Xizang (=Tibet) [Tao1999]); Japan [Kuwana1902, Kuwana1922, Kawai1980, Danzig1980b]; North Korea [Danzig1980b]; Russia (Khabarovsk Kray [Danzig1980b], Primor'ye Kray [Borchs1950b, Danzig1980b]).
BIOLOGY: In Japan it develops one annual generation. Adult male and females appear in April-May while oviposition is in May-June (Kuwana, 1922). For a detailed account on life history and seasonal history see Kuwana (1922).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Morrison (1928), Danzig (1980b), Jashenko (1994c) and by Tang & Hao (1995). Good description and illustration of the adult male given by Jashenko (1994c).
STRUCTURE: Adult female 16 mm long, 7 mm wide; brown, legs and antenna black; thinly covered with a white cottony secretion, which is thicker on the venter (Kuwana, 1902). Colour photograph by Kawai (1980).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: Recorded as a serious pest to willows in China, Beijing (1954-1956) and to apples in China, Shanxi (Tang & Hao, 1995).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Jashenko 1994c: 38 (female) [Palearctic]; Jashenko 1994c: 38 (male) [Palearctic]; Borchsenius 1950b: 43-44 (female) [USSR]; Morrison 1928: 169 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue, economic importance: 163-165]; Borchs1950b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 43-44]; Cadahi1984 [biological control: 181]; Chen1984 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 32]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Cocker1902r [taxonomy: 318]; Danzig1980b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 87-89]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 18]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 422-423]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Ghesqu1943 [distribution, biological control: 400]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 26-29]; Jashen1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, biological control: 43, 47]; Jashen1999b [biological control: 160-162]; JiaMaWa2001 [chemical control: 39-40]; Kawai1972 [host, distribution: 2]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 86]; Kuwana1902 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 46-47]; Kuwana1907 [host, distribution: 178]; Kuwana1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history, biological control: 8-29]; LiuWaZh2002 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 63-64]; LiuXu2000 [host, distribution: 33-35]; Morris1928 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 163-169, 223]; Noyes2004 [biological control]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 422]; ShiLi1991 [host, distribution: 161]; TakahaTa1956 [host, distribution: 1-17]; Tang2001 [distribution: 3]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 131, 561]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 2]; TianWaLu2002 [host, distribution: 239]; Vayssi1914b [taxonomy: 335]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274]; WangWuDo2005 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 412-415]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy: 16]; Wu1999b [host, distribution: 231]; Xie1998 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 19-21]; XieXuZh2004a [chemistry: 512-518]; XieZhWa2004 [host, distribution, control: 65-66]; Yang1982 [host, distribution: 32].
Drosicha dalbergiae (Stebbing)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus dalbergiae Stebbing, 1902: 142. Type data: INDIA: Sutlej valley, at elevations between 2300 and 3500 feet, on "Sissu"; June 1901. Syntypes, both sexes. Described: both sexes.
Drosicha dalbergiae; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Notes: Incorrect citation of "Green" as author.
Drosicha dalbergiae; Morrison, 1928: 223. Change of combination.
HOST: Fabaceae: Dalbergia sissoo [Stebbi1902].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (West Bengal [Vayssi1926]); Taiwan [Tao1999].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Vayssière (1926) and by Morrison (1928). Description and illustration of adult male by Hodgson & Foldi (2006).
SYSTEMATICS: Stebbing (1902) credited the authorship to "Green in litt.", however, this publication validated the species and the author is Stebbing.
KEYS: Hodgson & Foldi 2006: 173-174 (male) [Males of Monophlebidae]; Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Morrison 1928: 169-170 (female, male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 165]; Buchne1953 [taxonomy, structure: 238-245]; Buchne1965 [taxonomy, structure: 291]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 15]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; HodgsoFo2006 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 144-150]; KondoKa1995a [host, distribution: 97-98]; Lindin1955a [taxonomy: 346]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169, 170, 223]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 422]; Shiau1990 [taxonomy: 1-129]; Stebbi1902 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history: 142-144]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 131-132]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 2]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy, description, illustration, distribution: 274-275]; Yang1982 [host, distribution: 35].
Drosicha frauenfeldi (Karsch)NOMENCLATURE:
Cecidomyia sp. Frauenfeld, 1859: 247. Nomen nudum.
Villigera frauenfeldi Karsch, 1877: 16. Type data: HONG KONG: host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Described: male. Notes: Depository of type material unknown.
Villigera frauengeldi; Kuwana, 1927: 70. Notes: Incorrect citation of "Kaisck" as author.
Villigera frauengeldi; Kuwana, 1927: 70. Misspelling of species name.
Drosicha frauenfeldi; Morrison & Morrison, 1966: 202. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Hong Kong [Karsch1877].
SYSTEMATICS: Morrison & Morrison (1966: 202) studied the original description of Villigera frauenfeldi and concluded that it represents the male of a species of Drosicha.
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 165-166]; BenDovWi2002 [taxonomy: 338]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Frauen1859 [taxonomy, description, illustration, distribution: 247-248]; Gagne1973 [taxonomy: 517]; Karsch1877 [taxonomy, description, distribution: 16]; Kuwana1927 [taxonomy, distribution: 70]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy: 202].
Drosicha howardi (Kuwana)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus maskelli; Kuwana, 1907: 178. Misidentification; discovered by Kuwana, 1922: 40.
Warajicoccus howardi Kuwana, 1922: 40. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, from 12 species of host plants. Syntypes, female, male and first instar. Type depository: ITLA. Described: female, male and first instar. Illust.
Drosicha howardi; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Change of combination.
Drosicha kowardi; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Misspelling of species name.
HOSTS: Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum odoratisimum [Kuwana1922]. Celastraceae: Euonymus europeus hamiltoniana [Kuwana1922]. Fabaceae: Acacia armata [Kuwana1922], Wisteria chinensis multiguga [Kuwana1922]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus syriacus [Kuwana1922]. Philadelphaceae: Deutzia scabra crenata [Kuwana1922]. Rosaceae: Kerria japonica [Kuwana1922], Prunus yezoensis [Kuwana1922], Rosa indica [Kuwana1922]. Rutaceae: Citrus [TangHa1995]. Sambucaceae: Sambucus racemosa [Kuwana1922]. Theaceae: Thea sinensis [Kuwana1922]. Ulmaceae: Zelkova acuminata [Kuwana1922].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China (Gansu (=Kansu) [TangHa1995]); Japan [Kuwana1922, Kawai1980].
BIOLOGY: In Japan, develops one annual generation. Oviposition during June and hatching in March of next year (Kuwana, 1922).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description of the adult female, adult male and nymphs given by Kuwana (1922).
STRUCTURE: Adult female 8 mm long, 5 mm wide; colour pale orange with yellowish margin; ventral surface pale brownish-yellow (Kuwana, 1922). Colour photograph by Kawai (1980).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Morrison 1928: 169 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 166]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 423]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Kawai1972 [host, distribution: 2]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 86]; Kuwana1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history: 40-50]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 167, 169, 224]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 132-133, 562]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274].
Drosicha jujubae (Buckton)NOMENCLATURE:
Rhizobius jujubae Buckton, 1883: 181. Type data: INDIA: in the neighbourhood of Kaladhughi, on the roots of Ziziphus jujubae; collected by Mr. Octavius Greig. Syntypes, female and first instar. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female and first instar. Illust.
Ortheziopa jujubae; Lindinger, 1937: 192. Change of combination.
Drosicha jujubae; Morrison, 1952: 76. Change of combination.
HOST: Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus jujubae [Buckto1883].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India [Buckto1883].
BIOLOGY: Collected from roots of Ziziphus jujubae where it was attended by ants (Buckton, 1883, 1899).
SYSTEMATICS: Buckton twice described this species as an aphid, while seriously confusing its identity. Buckton (1883: 192) described it "size of body, 1.52 mm x 0.88 mm", however, Buckton (1899: 278) recorded the "size 16 x 7 mm. Laing (1923) examined Buckton's slides and concluded that they belonged to a monophlebid scale insect. Lindinger (1937: 192) assigned the species to the Ortheziidae. Morrison (1952: 76) and Doncaster (1973: 61) accepted its placement in the Margarodidae.
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 167]; Buckto1883 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 181-182]; Buckto1899 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 277-278]; Doncas1973 [taxonomy: 61]; Laing1923 [taxonomy: 247]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 192]; Morris1952 [taxonomy: 76].
Drosicha koreiensis JashenkoNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha koreiensis Jashenko, 1994c: 36. Type data: KOREA: Pyongyang, on Morus sp., 6.vii.1950, coll. N.S. Borchsenius. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; type no. 244-51. Described: female. Illust.
HOST: Moraceae: Morus [Jashen1994c].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: North Korea [Jashen1994c].
BIOLOGY: Adults emerge in July (Jashenko, 1999).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Jashenko (1994c).
KEYS: Jashenko 1994c: 38 (female) [Palearctic].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 167]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 35-36]; Jashen1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history: 43].
Drosicha leachii (Westwood)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus leachii Westwood, 1845: 22. Type data: INDIA: 'habitat in Malabaria' [=Malabar = Kerala], host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: Oxford: Hope Entomological Collections, University Museum, England. Described: male. Notes: Westwood (1845: 22) referred to an earlier description in Zoological Journal No. 20, p. 452.
Monophloebus leachii; Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 724. Misspelling of genus name.
Drosicha leachii; Cockerell, 1902j: 233. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Kerala [Westwo1845] (Westwood (1845) referred to the locality: "Habitat in Malabaria.")).
GENERAL REMARKS: Westwood (1845) referred to the locality: "Habitat in Malabaria." Malabar was the old name for Kerala, India.
KEYS: Morrison 1928: 170 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 167-168]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy: 236]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 19]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Lindin1907a [taxonomy: 20]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169-170,224]; Signor1869 [taxonomy: 860]; Signor1876 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 351,364-366]; Targio1868 [taxonomy: 724]; Westwo1845 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 22].
Drosicha littorea BeardsleyNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha littorea Beardsley, 1966: 394. Type data: FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA: Caroline Atolls, Asor Island, Ulithi, on Scaevola, October 6, 1952, collected Krauss. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; type no. 67966. Described: female. Illust.
HOSTS: Boraginaceae: Tournefortia [Beards1966]. Goodeniaceae: Scaevola [Beards1966].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands [Beards1966]); Fiji [WilliaWa1990].
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Beardsley (1966) and by Williams & Watson (1990).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia].
CITATIONS: Beards1966 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 394-396]; BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 168]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 133]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 17-18].
Drosicha mangiferae (Stebbing)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus stebbingii mangiferae Stebbing, 1903: 332. Type data: INDIA: Punjab, Shalamar mango garden, on mango; collected by F. Beadon Bryant, 1902. Syntypes, both sexes. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: both sexes. Illust. Notes: Stebbing (1903: 332) credited the authorship to Green, however the author is Stebbing.
Monophlebus stebbingi octocaudata Green, 1908a: 16. Type data: PAKISTAN: Lahore, Shalimar gardens, on mango. Syntypes, male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 169.
Drosicha octocaudata; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Change of status.
Drosicha mangiferae; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination and rank.
FOES: COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Chilocorus nigritus [Kalia1995a], Sumnius renardi [Kalia1995a]. FUNGI : Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) [MasarrSrHa1998].
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica [Stebbi1903, Green1908a, AtwalBhSa1969]. Fabaceae: Cassia fistula [LalReKa1977], Tamarindus indicus [LalReKa1977]. Solanaceae: Withania somnifera [Bhagat2004]. Sterculiaceae: Theobroma cacao [Conway1951].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India (Punjab [Stebbi1903, AtwalBhSa1969], Uttar Pradesh [Srivas1958, LalReKa1977]); Pakistan [Green1908a].
SYSTEMATICS: The description of the synonym Monophlebus stebingii octocaudata was from the male only (Green, 1908a).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: This species has been reported as pest of mango in India (Atwal et al., 1969), of citrus in Madhya Pradesh, India (Saxena & Rawat, 1968, 1968a) and of Tamarindus indicus and Cassia fistula in Uttar Pradesh, India (Lal et al., 1977).
KEYS: Morrison 1928: 169-170 (female, male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: AtwalBhSa1969 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, economic importance, biological control, chemical control: 107-114]; BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue, economic importance: 168-169]; Bhagat2004 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history: 1-14]; Butani1975 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 91-101]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy: 235]; Conway1951 [host, distribution, economic importance: 50]; DwivedSiKa2003 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 159-160]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1908a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 16-17]; Kalia1995 [biological control: 124-125]; Kalia1995a [biological control: 125-126]; KondoKa1995a [host, distribution: 97-98]; LalReKa1977 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 30-31]; Lindin1955a [taxonomy: 346]; Lindin1957 [taxonomy: 548]; MasarrSrHa1998 [biological control: 74-75]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 163,169,170,224]; PruthiBa1960 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-113]; SaxenaRa1968 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 309-313]; SaxenaRa1968a [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 66-68]; SinghShSh1988 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 26-27]; Srivas1958 [host, distribution, chemical control, economic importance: 107-109]; Srivas1981 [chemical control: 148-152]; Srivas1981a [chemical control: 210-212]; Srivas1981b [chemical control: 225-229]; Srivas1997 [chemical control: 366-368]; Srivas1997a [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; SrivasAw1958 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 243-244]; SrivasBu1972 [biological control: 35]; SrivasFa1988 [biological control: 8-10]; SrivasSiPa1973 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 87-88]; SrivasTa1981 [chemical control: 193-195]; SrivasTa1983 [host, distribution, economic importance: 139-146]; Stebbi1903 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 332-334]; TandonLaSr1978 [host, distribution: 281]; TandonSr1980 [host, distribution, biological control: 243-244]; TrivedSr1986 [host, distribution, chemical control: 109-111]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274]; Veeres1988 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history: 553-554]; VohraSh1993 [structure, anatomy: 39-42]; YadavSiKu2004 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 35-37].
Drosicha maskelli (Cockerell)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus burmeisteri Maskell, 1897: 327. Type data: HONG KONG: on Gardenia florida. Syntypes, female and first instar. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; type no. 25266. Described: female and first instar. Homonym of Monophlebus burmeisteri Westwood, 1841; discovered by Cockerell, 1902j: 718.
Monophlebus maskelli Cockerell, 1902j: 718. Described: female and first instar. Replacement name for Monophlebus burmeisteri Maskell, 1897.
Drosicha maskelli; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Moraceae: Ficus [TangHa1995], Ficus retusa [Tao1999], Morus alba [Kuwana1907]. Pinaceae: Pinus [Kuwana1907, Tao1999]. Rosaceae: Malus pumila [Tao1999], Prunus cerasus [Kuwana1907]. Rubiaceae: Gardenia florida [MorrisMo1923, Tao1999]. Rutaceae: Aegle sepiaria [Kuwana1907], Citrus [Kuwana1907]. Theaceae: Thea sasanqua [Kuwana1907]. Ulmaceae: Zelkova acuminata [Kuwana1907]. Vitaceae: Vitis [Kuwana1907].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Hong Kong [MorrisMo1923, TangHa1995]. Palaearctic: Japan [Kuwana1907].
GENERAL REMARKS: Kuwana (1922) and Morrison & Morrison (1923) concluded that the original material of Monophlebus burmeisteri Maskell, 1897, contained one lot from Hong Kong on Gardenia florida and the other from Japan on Pinus. Therefore, they restricted Monophlebus burmeisteri Maskell, 1897, to the material from Hong Kong. The Japanese material was later described as [Warajicoccus pinicola Kuwana, 1922. Good description and illustration of the first instar nymph given by Morrison & Morrison (1923).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 169-170]; Cocker1902j [taxonomy: 718]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy: 236]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 50]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 19]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 423]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Kuwana1907 [host, distribution: 178]; Kuwana1922 [taxonomy, description: 50-53]; Maskel1897 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 327]; Morris1928 [taxonomy, description: 164-166, 169, 225]; Shiau1990 [taxonomy: 1-129]; Tang2001 [distribution: 3]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 134, 562]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 2]; WongChCh1999 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 3, 41]; Yang1982 [host, distribution: 35].
Drosicha minor ReyneNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha minor Reyne, 1965b: 181. Type data: INDONESIA: Java, Karimondjawa Islands and an island in the Bay of Batavia, host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: Amsterdam: Institut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, The Netherlands. Described: male. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Java [Reyne1965b]).
GENERAL REMARKS: This species was described from the adult male only. Good description and illustration of the adult male given by Reyne (1965b).
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 170]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Reyne1965b [taxonomy, description, illustration, distribution: 181-184].
Drosicha palavanica CockerellNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha palavanica Cockerell, 1916: 235. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Palawan, P. Proncesa, host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: male.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Philippines (Palawan [Cocker1916]).
SYSTEMATICS: This species was described from the adult male (Cockerell, 1916).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 611-613 (male, female) [Asia]; Morrison 1928: 170 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 170]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 235-236]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169, 170, 225]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274].
Drosicha philippinensis (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus philippinensis Green, 1924a: 1. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Samar Island, host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Illust.
Drosicha philippinensis; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Philippines (Samar [Green1924a]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult male by Green (1924a).
SYSTEMATICS: This species is known only from the male (Green, 1924a).
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 171]; Green1924a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 1-3]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169,225].
Drosicha pinicola (Kuwana)NOMENCLATURE:
Warajicoccus pinicola Kuwana, 1922: 29. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, on Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergi and P. koraiensis. Syntypes, female, male and first instar. Type depository: ITLA. Described: female, male and first instar. Illust.
Drosicha pinicola; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Change of combination.
COMMON NAME: matsu no Waraji-kaigaramushi [Kuwana1922].
HOSTS: Pinaceae: Pinus densiflora [Kuwana1922], Pinus koraiensis [Kuwana1922], Pinus thunbergi [Kuwana1922].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Guangdong (=Kwangtung) [Jashen1994c]). Palaearctic: Japan [Kuwana1922, Kawai1980]; Russia (Primor'ye Kray [Jashen1994c]).
BIOLOGY: In Japan it develops one annual generation. Adult males and female appear in April-May, eggs are oviposited in June, and hatching during December of the same year. A detailed account on life cycle and seasonal history given by Kuwana (1922).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female, adult male and nymphs given by Kuwana (1922). Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Jashenko (1994c).
STRUCTURE: Colour photograph by Kawai (1980).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Jashenko 1994c: 37 (female) [Palearctic]; Morrison 1928: 169 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 171]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 423]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 34, 36]; Kawai1972 [host, distribution: 2]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 86-87]; Kuwana1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history: 29-39]; Mao1986 [host, distribution, life history: 201-204]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 167, 169, 226]; Shiau1990 [taxonomy: 1-129]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 135]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274].
Drosicha quadricaudata (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus quadricaudatus Green, 1922: 434. Type data: SRI LANKA: Paradeniya, host plant not indicated; collected October 1911. Syntypes, male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Illust.
Drosicha quadricaudatus; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922].
GENERAL REMARKS: This species was described from the adult male only (Green, 1922).
STRUCTURE: Colour illustration of adult male by Green (1922). Adult male - length 4.5 mm, expanse of wings 11.5 mm (Green, 1922).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Morrison 1928: 170 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 171-172]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 434]; Green1937 [taxonomy: 277-278]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169, 170, 226]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 136]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 267].
Drosicha saundersii (Westwood)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus saundersii Westwood, 1845: 22. Type data: EAST INDIES: "Habitat in partibus septentrion, Indiae orientalis. D. Campbell, In Mus. D.W. Saunders". Syntypes, male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Illust.
Monophloebus saundertii; Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 724. Misspelling of genus and species names.
Llaveia saundersii; Cockerell, 1902: 318. Change of combination.
Drosicha saundersii; Foldi, 2001a: 200. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia [Westwo1845].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult male by Westwood (1845).
SYSTEMATICS: Described only from the adult male (Westwood, 1845).
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 172]; Cocker1902q [taxonomy, distribution: 232]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 18]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Lindin1907a [taxonomy: 20]; Lindin1955a [taxonomy: 346]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169,189,224,226]; Signor1869 [taxonomy: 871]; Signor1876 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 367]; Targio1868 [taxonomy: 724]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 300]; Westwo1845 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 22].
Drosicha stebbingii (Stebbing)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus stebbingii Stebbing, 1902: 135. Type data: INDIA: Siwalik Range of Hills running from the Ganges on the east to the Kalesar forest, situated on the western bank of the Jumna river on the west, on "Sal" trees. Syntypes, female, male and first instar. Described: female, male and first instar.
Drosicha stebbingii; Vayssière, 1926: 274. Change of combination.
Drosicha stebbingi; Nath, 1972: 7. Notes: Incorrect citation of "Green" as author.
Drosicha stebingii; Foldi, 2001a: 200. Notes: Incorrect citation of "Green" as author.
COMMON NAME: giant mealybug [SchmutKlLu1957].
FOES: COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Rodolia fumida [MahmooMo1986], Sumnius renardi [MahmooMo1986]. HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Anagyrus bohemanni (Westwood) [Noyes2004]. NEUROPTERA Chrysopidae: Chrysopa scelestes Banks [SchmutKlLu1957].
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica [MahmooMo1986]. Rutaceae: Citrus [Nath1972]. Scrophulariaceae: Paulownia fortuneti [BajwaGu2000], Paulownia tomentosa [BajwaGu2000].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India [Stebbi1902] (West Bengal [Nath1972]); Pakistan [BajwaGu2000].
BIOLOGY: Develops one annual generation in Pakistan (Mahmood & Mohyuddin, 1986).
SYSTEMATICS: Stebbing (1902) credited the authorship to "Green in litt.", however, the author is Stebbing.
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [Asia, China]; Morrison 1928: 169-170 (female, male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: AsifAl1988 [chemical control, chemistry: 61-69]; BajwaGu2000 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, chemical control: 71-80]; BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 172-173]; Butani1979 [economic importance: 36-40]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 16]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Gentry1965 [host, distribution, economic importance]; HaqAk1960 [host, distribution, taxonomy, control: 199-202]; Hingst1929 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 880-887]; IshaqUsAs2004 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control, chemical control: 452-454]; KondoKa1995a [host, distribution: 97-98]; Koteja1996a [taxonomy, illustration, description: 69-71]; Latif1949a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 351-354]; LatifCh1956 [structure: 62-67]; LatifCh1956a [structure: 140-146]; LatifSa1959 [structure: 121-136]; MahmooMo1986 [life history, economic importance, biological control: 8-10]; Mohyud1991 [host, distribution, biological control: 19-26]; MohyudMa1993 [host, distribution, biological control: 467-483]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 163-164,169-170,227]; Nath1972 [host, distribution: 7-8]; Noyes2004 [biological control]; Reyne1965b [taxonomy: 177]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 422]; Srivas1964 [host, distribution, economic importance: 83-91]; Srivas1980 [host, distribution, biological control: 110-115]; Srivas1980a [life history, biological control: 122-129]; Srivas1997a [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; Stebbi1902 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history: 135-139]; Stebbi1904 [taxonomy, life history, host, distribution: 142-144]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 136-137]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274]; WadhiBa1964 [host, distribution, economic importance: 227-260].
Drosicha sumatrensis GreenNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha sumatrensis Green, 1930c: 281. Type data: INDONESIA: Sumatra, locality and host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [Green1930c]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult male by Green (1930c).
SYSTEMATICS: This species has been described from the adult male only (Green, 1930c).
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 173]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1930c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 281-282].
Drosicha townsendi (Cockerell)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebulus townsendi Cockerell, 1905f: 127. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Batangas, host plant not indicated, 20 September. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female.
Drosicha lichenoides Cockerell, 1913: 142. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Los Banos, on bark of Ficus nota, 1912, collected C.F. Baker. Syntypes, female. Type depositories: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA, and Albany: New York State Museum Insect Collection, New York, USA. Described: female. Synonymy by Morrison, 1920: 157.
Llaveia luzonica Cockerell, 1914b: 334. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Mt. Makiling and Los Banos, collected by C.F. Baker. Syntypes, male. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: male. Synonymy by Morrison, 1928: 169.
Llaveia benguetensis Cockerell, 1916: 235. Type data: PHILIPPINES: Beguio, Benguet, host plant not indicated. Syntypes, male. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; type no. 5341. Described: male. Synonymy by Morrison, 1920: 157.
Drosicha townsendi; Morrison, 1920: 157. Change of combination.
Llaveia luzonica; Vayssière, 1926: 30. Change of combination.
Drosicha benguetensis; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Celastraceae: Gymnosporia spinosa [Morris1920]. Euphorbiaceae: Ipomoea carica [Morris1920]. Fabaceae: Cassia [Morris1920], Enterolobium saman [Morris1920]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus [Morris1920]. Moraceae: Ficus nota [Cocker1913]. Myrtaceae: Eugenia malaccensis [Morris1920].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Philippines [Cocker1905f, Cocker1916] (Luzon [Cocker1913, Cocker1914b, Morris1920]).
BIOLOGY: Attended by the ant Dolichoderus bituberculatus Mayr (Cockerell, 1913).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Morrison (1920).
STRUCTURE: Adult female, grey, flattened, 9 mm long, 5.5 mm. broad, about 3 mm. height, very dark reddish, the grey appearance resulting from the mealy covering; there is a well-defined dorsal area, about 4 mm broad, marked in the abdominal region by strong transverse ridges representing the segments; anal orifice plainly visible with a lens, on the dorsal surface about 2.5 mm from hind end (Cockerell, 1905f).
SYSTEMATICS: The synonym Llaveia benguetensis Cockerell, 1916, was originally described only from the adult male (Cockerell, 1916).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [China, Asia]; Morrison 1928: 169-170 (female, male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 174-175]; Cocker1905f [taxonomy, description, distribution: 127-128]; Cocker1913 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 142-143]; Cocker1914b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 334-335]; Cocker1916 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 235-236]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 199, 206]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1924a [taxonomy: 1]; Lindin1955a [taxonomy: 346]; McCabeJo1980 [taxonomy: 8]; Morris1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 151, 157-159]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169,170,188-189]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 222,224]; MorrisMo1922 [taxonomy: 6]; Robins1917 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 4-5]; Sassce1915 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 26]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 137]; Vayssi1926 [taxonomy: 274, 300].
Drosicha turkestanica ArchangelskayaNOMENCLATURE:
Drosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya, 1931: 69. Type data: UZBEKISTAN (Fergana, Tashkent, Samarkand and Termez), TURKMENISTAN (Bayram-Ali and Merv), and TADZHKISTAN (Isfara): on 21 host plants. Syntypes, female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female, male and first instar. Illust.
Drosicha media Borchsenius, 1949b: 339. Type data: KAZAKHSTAN: Kzyl-orda, on Salix; collected F. Lukyanovitz, 30.iv.1938. Syntypes, female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Synonymy by Jashenko, 1994c: 29.
Drosicha turkestanicae; Tao, 1999: 2. Misspelling of species name.
FOES: COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Rodolia fisheri [Jashen1999b]. DIPTERA Cryptochaetidae: Cryptochaetum turanicum Narchuk [Cadahi1984, Jashen1999b].
HOSTS: Asteraceae: Acroptilon picris [Archan1931]. Berberidaceae: Mahonia [Archan1931]. Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus angustifolia [Archan1931]. Fabaceae: Alhagi [Borchs1950b], Glycyrrhiza [Borchs1950b], Robinia pseudacacia [Archan1931], Tragopogon ruber [Archan1931, Borchs1950b], Trifolium pratense [Archan1931]. Fumariaceae: Fumaria [Archan1931]. Hippocastanaceae: Aesculus hippocastanum [Archan1931]. Lamiaceae: Ziziphora tenuior [Archan1931]. Moraceae: Morus alba [Archan1931]. Platanaceae: Platanus orientalis [Archan1931]. Rosaceae: Cydonia vulgaris [Archan1931], Prunus armeniaca [Archan1931], Pyrus malus [Archan1931]. Salicaceae: Populus [Archan1931, TangHa1995], Salix [Archan1931, Borchs1949b]. Scrophulariaceae: Dodartia orientalis [Archan1931]. Tamaricaceae: Tamarix pallasii [Archan1931]. Ulmaceae: Ulmus campestris [Archan1931]. Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum fabago [Archan1931].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China (Liaoning [Tao1999], Xingiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) [TangHa1995, Tao1999]); Kazakhstan [Borchs1950b] (Kzyl Orda Oblast [Borchs1949b, Borchs1950b]); Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) [Borchs1950b]; Turkmenistan [Borchs1950b]; Uzbekistan [Borchs1950b].
BIOLOGY: A monovoltine species (Jashenko, 1994c, 1999).
GENERAL REMARKS: Good description and illustration of the adult female, adult male and nymphs given by Jashenko (1994c).
STRUCTURE: General appearance of the adult male illustrated by Borchsenius (1950b).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [Asia, China]; Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [Asia, China]; Jashenko 1994c: 38 (female) [Palearctic]; Jashenko 1994c: 39 (male) [Palearctic]; Borchsenius 1950b: 43 (female) [USSR]; Borchsenius 1950b: 43 (female) [USSR].
CITATIONS: Archan1931 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 69-72]; BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 175-176]; Borchs1949b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 339]; Borchs1950b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 43]; Cadahi1984 [biological control: 181]; Foldi1998 [catalogue: 423]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Jashen1994c [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history: 29-34]; Jashen1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, biological control: 44, 47]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 138, 562]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 2].
Drosicha variegata (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Monophlebus variegatus Green, 1922: 433. Type data: SRI LANKA: Kandy, host plant not indicated; collected on July. Holotype male. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: male. Illust.
Drosicha variegatus; Morrison, 1928: 169. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult male by Green (1922).
STRUCTURE: The general appearance (in colour illustration) of the adult male is given by Green (1922). Length of body 5 mm, expanse of wings 12 mm (Green, 1922).
SYSTEMATICS: Described from one adult male specimen (Green, 1922).
KEYS: Tang & Hao 1995: 128-130, 611-613 (male, female) [Asia, China]; Morrison 1928: 170 (male) [Species of Drosicha].
CITATIONS: BenDov2005a [taxonomy, host, distribution, catalogue: 176]; Foldi2001a [taxonomy: 200]; Green1922 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 433-434]; Green1937 [taxonomy: 277]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 169, 170, 227]; TangHa1995 [taxonomy, description: 139].
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