TMA Definitions

TMA Case Set

A case set is a non-overlapping subset of the donor tissue blocks selected for the construction of a tissue microarray. To construct the new Progression TMA the CBCTR assembled a collection of 679 breast tissue specimens, which was divided into six unique case sets, Case Sets 3-8, each representing between 112-115 breast tissue specimens. A complete array consists of three case sets.

TMA Block

A TMA block is a paraffin block in which tissue cores are embedded in a systematic array. TMA sections are cut from the TMA blocks in cross-section, and mounted on slides (one section per slide). The CBCTR does not make entire TMA blocks available to applicants.

TMA Section

A TMA section is a thin cross-section cut from a TMA block, and mounted on a slide.

TMA Array Set

A TMA array set is a collection of TMA sections representing the minimum number of case sets recommended to complete an experiment.

Criteria of normal breast tissue

The inclusion of normal breast tissue samples in this study requires the identification of normal breast architecture that meet the following criteria:

1. Presence of ductal structures alone or in combination with ductules forming lobules surrounded by identifiable intralobular loose connective tissue.
2. The interlobular connective tissue must contain fat and connective tissue but not fibrosis.
3. The ductal and ductular structures must be covered by an identifiable cuboidal or low cuboidal epithelium resting on a basement membrane and a discontinuous layer of myoepithelial cells.
4. Breast tissue that contains hyperplastic epithelium in the ductal structures, lobular hyperplasia, cystic formation, apocrine metaplasia, or other metaplastic changes, or another morphological indications of derangement of the normal structure described in 1,2 and 3 must not be used.
5. The lobular structures of the human breast are defined according to their branching pattern in Lob 1 ,2, 3 and 4 (See suggested literature).

Suggested literature

1. Russo, J. and Russo, I.H. Development of Human Mammary Gland In: The Mammary Gland Development, Regulation, and Function. (M.C. Neville and C.W. Daniel, eds.) Plenum Pub. Corp., 1987 pp 67-93.
2. Russo, J., Reina, D., Frederick, J., Russo, I.H. Expression of phenotypical changes by human breast epithelial cells treated with carcinogens in vitro. Cancer Research, 48:2837-2857 (1988).
3. Russo, J., Rivera, R., and Russo, I.H. Influence of age and parity on the development of the human breast. Breast Cancer Res. and Treat. 23:211-218, 1992.
4. Russo, J. and Russo, I.H. Development of the Human Breast. In: Encyclopedia of Reproduction (E. Knobil and J. D. Neill, Eds.) Academic Press, New York, Vol. 3, pages 71-80, 1998.
5. Russo, J., Ao, X., Grill, C., and Russo, I.H. Pattern of distribution for estrogen receptor a and progesterone receptor in relation to proliferating cells in the mammary gland. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 53:217-227, 1999.
6. Russo, J. and Russo, I.H. Chapter 2 in:” Biological and Molecular Basis of Breast Cancer”, Springer –Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2004
7. Russo, J., Hu, Y-F. Silva, I.D.C.G., and Russo, I.H. Cancer risk related to mammary gland structure and development. Microscopy Research and Technique 52:204-223, 2001.
8. Russo, J. and Russo, I.H. Development of the human breast. Maturitas 49(1):2-15, 2004.
9. Russo, J., Santen, R., and Russo, I.H. Hormonal control of the breast development. In: Endocrinology (Fifth Edition) Edited by L. J. DeGroot and J.L. Jameson. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia, 2005, Vol.3, pp 3045-3055.
10. Russo, J., Mailo, D., Hu, Y-F., Balogh, G.A., Sheriff, F. and Russo, I. H. Breast differentiation and its implication in cancer prevention. Clinical Cancer Research 11:931s-936s, 2005.

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