References of Cliff Joslyn, Letter: P

Date: 05/14/98
Filter: ( left(lname1,1)='\' .and. upper(substr(lname1,3,1))='P') .or. ( left(lname1,1)<>'\' .and. upper(left(lname1,1))='P')

Pace, : (1994) Used Car Prices,

Padet, C and Ramer, Arthur: (1993) "Measuring Uncertainty in Possibility and Evidence Theories", Cybernetics and Systems, pp.70-75,

Pagels, Heinz: (1985) "Review: Order Out of Chaos", Physics Today, v. May,

Pagels, Heinz: (1985) Perfect Symmetry, Michael Joseph, London,

Pagels, Heinz: (1988) Dreams of Reason, Bantam, New York,

Pal, Nikhil R; Bezdek, James C; and Hemasinha, Rohan: (1992) "Uncertainty Measures for Evidential Reasoning: I Review", Int. J. Approximate Reasoning, v. 7:3-4, pp.165-183,
[ Critique and comparison of uncertainty measures of random sets. ]
Pal, Nikhil R; Bezdek, James C; and Hemasinha, Rohan: (1993) "Uncertainty Measures for Evidential Reasoning: II A New Measure of Total Uncertainty", Int. J. Approximate Reasoning, v. 8:1, pp.1-16,
[ RSET. ]
Pal, Nikhil R and Pal, Sankar K: (1991) "Entropy: A New Definition and its Application", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, v. 21:5, pp.1260-1270,
[ Definition of entropy as $\sum p e^{1-p}$. ]
Palmer, James D: (1988) "Review: Systems and Control Encyclopedia, ed. MG Singh", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, v. 18:2, pp.33,

Palmer, Kent D: (1989) "Software Engineering Foundations",

Pangaro, Paul A: (1987) Examinzation and Confirmation of Macro Theroy of Conversations through a Realization of the Protologic Lp by Microscopic Simulation, Dept. Cybernetics, Brunel U.,

Pap, Endre: (1990) "Lebesgue and Saks Decompositions of $\perp$-Decomposable Measures", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 38, pp.345-353,
[ Extensions of Sugeno decomposable measures. ]
Pap, Endre: (1994) "Decompositions of Supermodular Functions and $\square$-Decomposable Measures", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 65, pp.71-83,
[ Extension beyond general measures to general supermodular functions. ]
Papadimitrio, Christos H and Yannakakis, Mihalis: (1991) "Shortest Paths Without a Map", Theoretical Computer Science, v. 84, pp.127-150,

Papentin, F: (1980) "On Order and Complexity", J. Theoretical Biology, v. 87, pp.421-456,

Paris, JP and Vencovska, A: (1990) "Note on the Inevitability of Maximum Entropy", Int. J. Approximate Reasoning, v. 4, pp.183-223,

Parisi, G: (1988) "On Complexity", in: Measures of Complexity, ed. L Peliti and A Vulpiani, pp.22-27, Springer-Verlag, New York,

Paritsis, Nicholas: (1992) "Towards a Law of Optimum Variety", in: Cybernetics and Systems '92, ed. R. Trappl, pp.35-40, World Scientific, Singapore,

Paritsis, Nicholas: (1993) "Evolution Learning and Progress in Science", Systems Research, v. 10:4, pp.73-79,
[ An Increase in Variety and Order. Law of Requisite, Optimum Variety ]
Park, Daihee; Kandel, Abraham; and Langholz, Gideon: (1994) "Genetic-Based New Fuzzy Reasoning Models with Application to Fuzzy Control", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, v. 24:1, pp.39-47,
[ Supplementing subjective determination with random search by genetic algorithm. ]
Parker, Dewitt H, ed.: (1928) Schopenhauer Selections, Scribner, New York,

Parnas, David L; Schouwen, AJ von; and Kwan, Shu P: (1990) "Evaluation of Safety-Critical Software", Communications of the ACM, v. 33:6, pp.636-657,
[ RELIABLE. ]
Parsegian, VL: (1972) This Cybernetic World, Doubleday, Garden City, NY,
[ Survey of cybernetics. ]
Parsons, Simon: (1995) "Some Elements of the Theory of Qualitative Possibilistic Networks", Int. J. Uncertainty, Fuzziness, and Knowledge-Based Systems, v. 2:1, pp.67-90,

Parsons, Simon: (1995) "Further Results in Qualitative Uncertainty", Int. J. Uncertainty, Fuzziness, and KB Syss., v. 3:2, pp.187-210,

Parsons, Simon: (1996) "Current Approaches to Handling Imperfect Information in Data and Knowledge Bases", IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v. 8:3, pp.353-372,

Partovi, MH and Blankenbecle, R: (1988) "Time, Energy and the Limits of Measurement", in: Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Science and Engineering, v. 1, ed. GJ Erickson, pp.249-255, Kluwer,

Parzen, Emanuel: (1962) Stochastic Processes, Holden-Day, San Francisco,

Pask, Gordon: (1961) Approach to Cybernetics, Harper and Brothers, New York,

Pask, Gordon: (1979) "Consciousness", J. Cybernetics, v. 9, pp.211-258,

Pask, Gordon: (1980) "Limits of Togetherness", in: Information Processing 80, ed. SH Lavington, pp.999-1012, North-Holland,

Pask, Gordon: (1980) "Developments in Conversation Theory: Part 1", Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, v. 13, pp.357-411,

Pask, Gordon: (1989) "Respectability of Repeatability and Predictability", in: presented at ASC 89,

Pask, Gordon: (1991) "Foundations of Conversation Theory, Interaction or Actors Together", in: Workbook of the First Principia Cybernetica Workshop, ed. F. Heylighen, pp.15-18, PrincipiaCybernetica, Brussels, NY,

Pattee, Howard: (1967) "Quantum Mechanics, Heredity and the Origins of Life", J. Theoretical Biology, v. 17, pp.410-420,

Pattee, Howard: (1968) "Physical Basis of Coding and Reliability in Biological Evolution", in: Towards a Theoretical Biology, ed. CH Waddington, pp.69-93, Edinburgh U Press, Edinburgh,

Pattee, Howard: (1969) "Physical Conditions for Primitive Functional Hierarchies", in: Hierarchical Structures, ed. Whyte, Wilson and Wilson, pp.162-177, Elsevier, New York,

Pattee, Howard: (1970) "Problem of Biological Hierarchy", in: Towards a Theoretical Biology, v. 3, ed. CH Waddington, Aldine,

Pattee, Howard: (1972) "Evolution of Self-Simplifying Systems", in: Relevance of General Systems Theory, ed. Ervin Laszlo, George Braziller, New York,

Pattee, Howard: (1972) "Physical Problems of Decision-Making Constraints", Int. J. Neuroscience, v. 3, pp.99-106,

Pattee, Howard: (1973) "Physical Problems of the Origin of Natural Control", in: Biogenesis, Evolution, Homeostasis, ed. A. Locker, Springer-Verlag, New York,

Pattee, Howard: (1973) "Physical Basis and Origin of Hierarchical Control", Hierarchy Theory, ed. Howard Pattee, George Braziller, New York,

Pattee, Howard, ed.: (1973) Hierarchy Theory, George Braziller, New York,

Pattee, Howard: (1974) "Discrete and Continous Processes in Computers and Brains", Physics and Math of Nervous System, ed. M. Conrad, pp.128-147, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pattee, Howard: (1977) "Dynamic and Linguistic Modes of Complex Systems", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 3,

Pattee, Howard: (1978) "Complementarity Principle in Biological and Social Structures", J. Social and Biological Structures, v. 1,

Pattee, Howard: (1979) "Complementarity vs. Reduction as an Explanation of Biological Complexity", American J. Physiology, v. 236:5, pp.R241-R246,

Pattee, Howard: (1982) "Cell Psychology: An Evolutionary View of the Symbol-Matter Problem", Cognition and Brain Theory, v. 5, pp.325-341,
[ Semantic closure and the symbol-matter problem. ]
Pattee, Howard: (1985) "Universal Principle of Measurement and Language Function in Evolving Systems", in: Complexity, Language, and Life, ed. John Casti, pp.268-281, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pattee, Howard: (1987) "Instabilities and Information in Biological Self-Organization", in: Self-Organizing Systems, ed. F. Eugene Yates, Plenum, New York,

Pattee, Howard: (1988) "Simulations, Realizations, and Theories of Life", in: Artificial Life, ed. C Langton, pp.63-77, Addison-Wesley, Redwood City CA,

Pattee, Howard: (1989) "Measurement Problem in Aritificial World Models", Biosystems, v. 23, pp.281-290,

Pattee, Howard: (1990) "Measurement Problem in Physics, Computation, and Brain Theory", in: Nature, Cognition and System, v. 2, ed. ME Carvallo, Kluwer, Netherlands,

Pattee, Howard: (1991) "Laws, Controls, Measurements, and Symbols", Applied Mathematics and Computation,
[ Special issue on biophysicalism, ed. Michael Conrad ]
Pattee, Howard: (1991) "Limitation of Formal Models of Measurement, Control and Cognition", Applied Mathematics and Computation, v. 56, pp.111-130,

Pattee, Howard: (1991) "Measurement-Control Heterarchical Networks in Living Systems", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 18:3, pp.213-221,
[ Generalized measurement and control as definition of life; natural selection; hierarchy. ]
Pattee, Howard: (1992) "Perception-Action Cycles Arise by Natural Selection, not Thermodynamics", Ecological Psychology, submitted,
[ A response to Swenson and Turvey. ]
Pattee, Howard: (1992) "Measuremtn Problem in Physics, Computation and Brain Theories", Nature, Cognition and System, v. II, ed. Marc Carvallo, pp.179-192,

Pattee, Howard: (1993) "Limitations of Formal Models of Measurement, Control and Cognition", Applied Mathematics and Computation, v. 56, pp.111-130,

Pattee, Howard: (1995) "Artificial Life Needs a Real Epistemology", in: Proc. 3rd European Conf. on Artificial Life, Granada,

Pattee, Howard: (1997) "The Physics of Symbols and the Evolution of Semiotic Controls", in: Proc. Workshop on Control Mechanisms for Complex Systems, Addison-Wesley,

Patten, BC: (1978) "Systems Approach to the Concept of Environment", Ohio J. of Science, v. 78:4, pp.206-222,

Pawlak, Zdzislaw: (1991) Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data, Kluwer, Boston,

Pawlak, Zdzislaw: (1992) "Rough Sets: A New Approach to Vagueness", in: Fuzzy Logic for the Management of Uncertainty, ed. L Zadeh and J Kacpryzk, pp.105-118, Wiley, New York,
[ ROUGH. ]
Pawlak, Zdzislaw: (1993) "Hard and Soft Sets", in: Proc. 1993 Conf. on Rough Sets and Knowledge Discovery, pp.107-109,
[ ROUGH. ]
Paz, A: (1971) Introduction to Probabilistic Automata, Academic, New York,
[ FAUT. ]
Peacocke, Arthur: (1983) Physical Chemistry of Biological Organization, Clarendon, Oxford,

Peacocke, Arthur: (1984) "Thermodynamics and Life", Zygon, v. 12/84,

Peacocke, Arthur: (1986) God and the New Biology, Peter Smith, Gloucester MA,
[ On emergentism. ]
Pearl, J: (1978) "On Connection Between Compl. and Cred. of Inferred Models", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 4:4, pp.255-264,
[ Theoretical study that shows that credibility of determinstic models inferred from data tends to increase with data size and decrease with the complexity of the model. ]
Pearl, J: (1986) "Fusion, Propoagation and Structuring in Belief Networks", Artificial Intelligence, v. 29, pp.241-288,
[ FUSION, RSET ]
Pearl, J: (1988) Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo,
[ Textbook on stochastic networks. ]
Peat, FD: Superstrings: Search for Theory of Everything,
[ Popular book on GUTS. ]
Pedrycz, W: (1981) "Approach to the Analysis of Fuzzy Systems", Int. J. Control, v. 34, pp.403-421,
[ FAUT. Fuzzy systems, automata, relation equations, stability. ]
Pedrycz, W: (1990) "Fuzzy Systems: Analysis and Synthesis from Theory to Applications", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 17:2-3, pp.139-156,

Pedrycz, W: (1990) "Relevancy of Fuzzy Models", Information Sciences, v. 52, pp.285-302,
[ COND_POSS. Fuzzy relation systems, identification from fuzzy set equality based on G\"odel-implication. ]
Pedrycz, W: (1993) "$s-t$ Fuzzy Relational Equations", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 59, pp.189-195,
[ FAUT ]
Pedrycz, W: (1994) "Why Triangular Membership Functions?", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 64, pp.21-30,

Pedrycz, W and Roventa, Eugene: (1992) "Hierarchical Model of Matching", in: Proc. NAFIPS 1992, v. 2, pp.581-588,
[ Local and global matching algoritms; neural techniques. ]
Peeva, Kety: (1988) "Behavior, Reduction and Minimization of Finite $L$-Automata", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 28, pp.171-181,
[ FAUT. Linear equations over bounded chains. Best discussion of fuzzy automata equivalence and reduction. ]
Peeva, Kety: (1991) "Equivalence, Reduction and Minimization of Finite Automata over Semirings", Theoretical Computer Science, v. 88:2, pp.269-285,
[ FAUT. General automata using free semimodules, steady semirings. ]
Peirce, Charles S., ed.: (1955) Philosophical Writings of Peirce, Dover,

Peirce, Charles S., ed.: (1958) Values in a Universe of Chance, Doubleday, Garden City NY,

Pekelis, V.: (1986) Cybernetic Medley, Mir, Moscow,

Peliti, L and Vulpiani, A, eds.: (1987) Measures of Complexity, Springer-Verlag, New York,

Peng, Xiantu T; Wang, Peizhuang; and Kandel, Abraham: (1996) "Knowledge Acquisition by Random Sets", Int. J. Intelligent Systems, v. 11, pp.113-147,
[ RSET ]
Peng, Xiantu T; Wang, Peizhuang; and Kandel, Abraham: (1996) "On Random Sets, Knowledge Acquisition, and Pattern Recognition", Int. J. Intelligent Systems, v. 11, pp.149-183,
[ RSET ]
Penrose, Oliver: (1993) "Review: Time's Arrow by MC Mackey", Nature, v. 362:8, pp.510,

Penrose, Roger: `On tilings',

Pepper, Steven: (1942) World Hypotheses, U California Press, Berkeley,
[ On metaphilosophy, from Peter, Goerner. ]
Percival, George S: (1995) Application of Complexity Theories to Evol. Syss. Dev., in: Presented at 1995 Einstein Meets Magritte Conf., Brussels,

Pereira, C\'elia DC; Garcia, Frederick; and Lang, J et al.: (1997) "Planning with Graded Nondeterministic Actions: A Possibilistic Approach", Int. J. Intelligent Systems, v. 12, pp.935-962,
[ Roger Martin-Clouaire ]
Perelson, Alan, ed.: (1988) Theoretical Immunology, Addison-Wesley, New York,

Perincherry, Vijay; Kikuchi, Shinya; and Hamamatsu, Yoshio: (1993) "Uncertainties in the Anlysis of Large-Scale Systems", in: Proc. ISUMA 1993, ed. BM Ayyub, pp.216-222, IEEE Comp.Soc. Press, College Park MD,
[ Uncertainty invariance method. ]
Perlis, Donald: "Meta in Logic", in: Meta-level Reasoning and Reflection, North Holland,

Perrett, M: (1952) New Biology(ist), v. 12:68,
[ A definition of life. ]
Person, Michael: (1991) "Fuzzy Petri Net Languages", in: Proc. IFSA 1991, v. C, pp.201-204,

Pert, CB: "Neuropeptides, Receptors and Emotion", Cybernetic, v. 1:1,
[ The boundaries between endocrine, immune, and nervous systems are fuzzy at best. Neuropeptides mediate emotion, and are phylogenetically deep. ]
Peschl, Markus: (1991) "Emergence of Symbols in Subsymbolic Neural Representational Systems", in: Workbook of the First Principia Cybernetica Workshop, ed. F. Heylighen, pp.43-44, PrincipiaCybernetica, Brussels, NY,

Peschl, Markus: (1991) "From Symbol Manipulation to Understanding Cognition", in: Cybernetics and Applied Systems, ed. C Negoita, pp.309-331, M. Dekker, NY,
[ A Critical Introduction to Cognitive Science from a Computational Neuroepistemology Perspective ]
Peterson, Ivars: (1990) "Electronic Grapevine", Science News, v. 138:6, pp.90-92,
[ Network use in scientific research. ]
Peterson, Ivars: (1991) "Signal Value of Noise", Science News, v. 139:7, pp.127,

Peterson, JL: (1977) "Petri Nets", ACM Computing Surveys, v. 9:3, pp.223-252,

Petley, BW: (1988) Fundamental Physical Constants and the Frontier of Measurement, Adam Hilger, Bristol,
[ MEASURE. ]
Petri, CA: Concepts of Net Theory,

Peusner, L: (1986) Studies in Network Thermodynamics, Elsevier,

Peusner, L: (1987) Principles of Network Thermodynamics, Entropy, Limited, Lincoln MA,
[ Theory and Biophysical Applications ]
Phillips, DC: (1976) Holistic Thought in Social Sciences,
[ On synthesis on holism and reductionism. ]
Phillips, Dwayne: (1990) "Belief Maintenance Using the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence", C User's Journal, v. 8:3, pp.67-78,

Piaget, Jean: (1974) Understanding Causality, Norton, New York,

Piatetsky-Sh, Gregory and Frawley, William J, eds.: (1991) Knowledge Discovery in Databases, AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park CA,

Pichler, Franz: (1988) "\cast\ -- Computer Aided Systems Theory", in: Cybernetics and Systems '88, ed. R. Trappl, pp.731-736, Kluwer, Boston,
[ A framework for interactive method banks ]
Pichler, Franz: (1990) "From System Theory to \cast", in: Computer Aided Systems Theory, ed. Franz Pichler, pp.2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pichler, Franz: (1990) "\cast\ -- Modeling Approaches in Engineering Design", in: Computer Aided Systems Theory, ed. Franz Pichler, pp.69-75, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pichler, Franz, ed.: (1990) Computer Aided Systems Theory, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
[ Proceedings of first CAST conference. ]
Pichler, Franz and Moreno Diaz, R: (1990) Computer Aided Systems Theory---EUROCAST '89, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v. 410, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
[ Proceedings of Int. Workshop EUROCAST 89, Las Palmas, Spain, Feb/March 1989 ]
Pichler, Franz and Moreno-Diaz, R: (1994) Computer Aided Systems Theory---EUROCAST '93, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v. 763, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pichler, Franz; Moreno-Diaz, R; and Albrecht, R: (1996) Computer Aided Systems Theory---EUROCAST '95, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v. 1030, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pichler, Franz and Praehofer, Herbert: (1988) "CAST:FSM -- Computer Aided Systems Theory: Finite State Machine", in: Cybernetics and Systems '88, ed. R. Trappl, pp.737-742, Kluwer, Boston,

Pichler, Franz and Schw\"artzel, H: (1992) \cast\ Methods in Modeling, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,

Pierce, JR: (1961) Symbols, Signals and Noise, Harper and Row,
[ Nature and process of communication ]
Pierce, JR: (1980) Introduction to Information Theory, Dover, 2nd edition,

Pines, David, ed.: (1982) Many-Body Problem, Addison-Wesley, New York,

Pines, David, ed.: (1988) Emerging Syntheses in Science, Addison-Wesley, New York,
[ Includes key articles by Charles Bennett and interesting looks at spin-glasses and solitons. ]
Pinson, Lewis and Wiener, Richard: (1988) Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and Smalltalk, Addison-Wesley,

Pinter, Les: (1993) FoxPro 2.0 Applications Programming, McGraw-Hill,

Pippenger, N: (1978) "Complexity Theory", Scientific American, v. 238:6, pp.114-124,
[ Excellent discussion of one facet of complexity. ]
Pittarelli, Michael: (1990) "A Note on Probability Estimation Using Reconstructability Analysis", Int. J. General Sysatems, v. 18, pp.11-21,
[ RECON ]
Pittarelli, Michael: (1991) "Decisions with Probabilities over Finite Product Spaces", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, v. 21:5, pp.1238-1242,
[ RECON ]
Pittarelli, Michael: (1994) "An Algebra for Probabilistic Databases", IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, v. 6:2, pp.293-303,
[ RECON ]
Pittarelli, Michael: (1996) "Metasystems and the Maximum Entropy Principle", Int. J. General Sysatems, v. 24:1-2, pp.191-206,
[ RECON ]
Pittarelli, Michael: (1997) "Flexible Adjustment of Data: An Exercise in Relational Algebra", Int. J. General Sysatems, v. 26:1-2, pp.165-177,

Pitts, G and Regian, W: (1992) "Fuzzy Logic Inference Engine for a Simulation Based on ITS", in: Proc. 1992 Summer Simulation Conf., pp.380-384, Society Comp. Sim., Reno NV,
[ MODEL-BASED. ]
Plauger, PJ and Brodie, Jim: (1989) Standard C, Microsoft Press, Redmond WA,

Pohl, Ira: (1994) \cpp\ For C Programmers, Benjamin-Cummings, Redwood City CA, second edition,
[ Reviewed in CR 35:10. ]
Poincar\'e, H: (1952) Science and Hypothesis, Dover, New York,

Pollard, JW, ed.: (1984) Evolutionary Theory: Paths Into the Future,

Polya, George: (1954) Patterns of Plausible Inference, Princeton U Press, Princeton,

Pooch, Udo W and Wall, James A: (1992) Discrete Event Simulation: A Practical Approach, CRC Press,
[ DEVS ]
Popper, Karl: Quantum Theory and the Schism in Physics,

Popper, Karl: (1959) Logic of Scientific Discovery, Harper and Row, New York,

Popper, Karl: (1982) Open Universe, Rowman and Littlefield,

Popper, Karl and Eccles, John: (1983) Self and Its Brain, Routledge and Kegan, London,

Porter, Arthur: (1969) Cybernetics Simplified, Barnes and Noble, New York,

Porter, B: (1976) "Requisite Variety in the Systems and Control Sciences", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 2:4, pp.225-229,

Porter, TM: Rise of Statistical Thinking,

Poundstone, William: (1992) Prisoner's Dilemma, Doubleday,

Powers, Mary: (1994) "How Perceptual Control Theory Began: A Personal History", Closed Loop: J. of Living Control Systems, v. 4:1, pp.3-7, Control Systems Grou,

Powers, WT: Control Theory, Constructivism, and Autopiesis,

Powers, WT: (1973) Behavior, the Control of Perception, Aldine, Chicago,
[ Radical constructivist cybernetic psychological theory. Aldine Publishing, 200 Sawmill River Rd., Hawthorne NY 10532, 38.95+3, 1-9147470110 ]
Powers, WT: (1988) Manifesto for Control Theorists,
[ Presented at Control Systems Group meeting, Kenosha, WI, 9/88. ]
Powers, WT, ed.: (1989) Living Control Systems, CSG Press,

Powers, WT: (1989) "The Asymmetry of Control", in: Living Control Systems, ed. W. Powers, pp.251-252, CSG Press,

Powers, WT: (1990) Simple and Complex Control, in: Gordon Conference on Control, NOT FOR ATTRIBUTION!!!!!!!!!!!,
[ Discussion of the control phenomenon and computer demonstrations of Powers' theory. ]
Powers, WT: (1992) Information: A Matter of Perception,
[ Presentation at the 1992 ISSS conference. ]
Powers, WT: (1992) Review: Dynamics of Hierarchical Systems by Nicolis,
[ Published on CSG-L, 9/12/92. ]
Powers, WT: (1995) "Origins of Purpose: The First Metasystem Transition", in: World Futures, v. 45:1-4, pp.124-138,

Powers, WT; Powers, Mary; and Bourbon, T et al.: (1987) Origins and Development of Control Theory in Biology,
[ Two audio tapes, interview of the Powers's recorded by Tom Bourbon. ]
Prade, Henri: (1982) "Modal Semantics and Fuzzy Set Theory", in: Fuzzy Sets and Possibility Theory, ed. R Yager, pp.232-246, Pergamon, Oxford,
[ MODAL. ]
Prade, Henri and Yager, Ronald R: (1992) "Estimations of Expectedness Potential Surprise in Possibility Theory", in: Proc. NAFIPS 1992, v. 1, pp.7-13, NASA, Puerto Vallerta,
[ Introduces guaranteed and unguaranteed duals to possibility and necessity. ]
Prade, Henri and Yager, Ronald R: (1995) "Estimations of Expectedness and Potential Surprise in Possibility Theory", Int. J. Uncertainty, Fuzziness, and Knowledge-Based Systems, v. 2:4, pp.417-428,

Praehofer, Herbert: (1988) "STIDEVS: Systems Theory Instrumented Discrete Event Simulation", in: Cybernetics and Systems '88, ed. R. Trappl, pp.767-773, Kluwer, Boston,
[ DEVS. Relation of CAST to Ziegler's dynamic systems. ]
Praehofer, Herbert: (1991) "Systems Theory Instrumented Modeling and Simulation Methodology", Cybernetics and Systems, v. 22, pp.283-312,
[ DEVS. Systems theoretical grounding of DEVS. ]
Praehofer, Herbert: (1991) "Systems Theoretic Formalisms for Combined Discrete-Continuous Systems Simulation", Int. J. of General Systems, v. 19, pp.219-240,
[ DEVS. Systems theoretical basis for DEVS and related methods. ]
Praehofer, Herbert and Mittelmann, Rudolph: (1990) "Relevance of Browsers for \cast\ Implementations", in: Cybernetics and Systems '90, ed. R. Trappl, pp.767-774, World Scientific,
[ Some discussion of a CAST implementation. ]
Praehofer, Herbert and Pree, D: (1993) "Visual Modeling of DEVS-based Multiformalism Systems Based on Higraphs", in: Proc. 1993 Winter Simulation Conf., pp.595-603, Soc.Comp. Simulation, LA CA,
[ DEVS ]
Praehofer, Herbert and Reisinger, Gernot: (1994) "Distributed Simulation of DEVS-Based Multiformalism Models", in: Proc. 5th Conf. on AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems, ed. PA Fishwick, JW Rozenblit, pp.150-156, IEEE Comp. Soc. Pres, Los Alamitos CA,
[ DEVS. New distributed DEVS system, C++ implementation, STIMS. ]
Praehofer, Herbert and Zeigler, Bernard P: (1995) Automatic Abstraction of Event-Based Control Models, in preparation,
[ DEVS ]
Prang, Thomas: (1997) "Ideas About Natural Language and Relationship to Fuzzy Sets",
[ Course paper ]
Prang, Thomas: (1998) "Unsupervised Data Mining in Nominally Supported Databases",
[ MS Termination Project ]
Preparata, Franco and Yeh, Raymond: (1973) Introduction to Discrete Structures, Addison Wesley, Reading MA,

Press, William H: Numerical Recipes, Cambridge U, Cambridge,
[ From Bill Newmann, on Monte Carlo methods and simulated annealing. ]
Prigogine, Ilya: (1980) From Being to Becoming, WH Freeman, San Francisco,
[ On the whole Prigogine program for explanation of evolution in thermodynamic terms. ]
Prigogine, Ilya: (1984) Order Out of Chaos, Bantam, New York,
[ Famous, almost-popular treatment of the relation between far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic, general evolutionary theory, and natural philosophy. ]
Prigogine, Ilya: (1985) "Rediscovery of Time", Science and Complexity, ed. Sara Nash, Science Reviews Ltd., Northwood,

Prigogine, Ilya and Nicolis, Gregoire: (1972) "Thermodynamics of Evolution", Physics Today, v. 25, pp.23-28,
[ Briefer introduction to far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics, hypercycles, and evolutionary theory. Criticzed as confused. ]
Prugovecki, E: (1974) "Fuzzy Sets in the Theory of Measurement of Incompatible Observations", Foundations of Physics, v. 4, pp.9-18,

Prugovecki, E: (1975) "Measurement in Quantum Mechanics as a Stochastic Process on Spaces of Fuzzy Events", J. Mathematical Physics, v. 5, pp.557-571,

Prugovecki, E: (1976) "Localizability of Relativistic Particles in Fuzzy Phase Space", J. Physics and Mathematics, v. 9:11,

Prugovecki, E: (1976) "Probability Measures on Fuzzy Events in Phase Space", J. Mathematical Analysis and Applications, v. 17, pp.517-523,

Prugovecki, E: (1977) "On Fuzzy Spin Space", J. Physics and Mathematics, v. 10:4,

Puccia, CJ and Levins, R: (1985) Qualitative Modeling of Complex Systems, Harvard U, Cambridge MA,
[ QUAL. Influence diagrams, signed digraph loop diagram analysis, feedback relations, mostly linear systems theory. Well written. ]
Pulmannova, Sylvia: (1987) "Representation of Quantum Logics and Transition Probability Spaces", in: Concept of Probability, ed. EI Bitsakis et. al., pp.51-59, Kluwer,

Puri, ML and Ralescu, DA: (1982) "Possibility Measure is not a Fuzzy Measure", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, v. 7:3, pp.311-314,
[ Continuous possibility measures are only fuzzy measures if $\pi(x)=0$. ]
Puri, ML and Ralescu, DA: (1986) "Fuzzy Random Variables", J. Mathematical Analysis and Applications, v. 114, pp.409-422,
[ FRV as function on probability measure space yielding an fuzzy set. ]
Putnam, Hilary: "Is Logic Empirical?",
[ From Aronson, in collected works, philosopher's index. Also Gardiner, Finklestein. ]
Putnam, Hilary: (1975) "Meaning of `Meaning'\thinspace", in: Language, Mind, and Knowledge, v. 7, U Minnesota, Minneapolis,

Putnam, Hilary: (1988) Representation and Reality, MIT Press, Cambridge MA,

Pykacz, Jaros\l aw: (1987) "On Bell-Type Inequalities in Quantum Logics", in: Concept of Probability, ed. EI Bitsakis et al., pp.115-120, Kluwer,
[ Connections between Jauch-Piron properties of states, non-dispersive character of pure states, the distributivity of a quantum logic, and Bell's inequalities. ]
Pykacz, Jaros\l aw: (1991) "Fuzzy Set Ideas in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics", in: Proc. IFSA 1991, v. C, pp.205-208,

Pylyshyn, Zenon W, ed.: (1984) Computation and Cognition, MIT Press, Cambridge MA,