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1. The Impact of Imports and Exports on a Country's Quality of Life (EJ786805)
Author(s):
Sirgy, M. Joseph; Lee, Dong-Jin; Miller, Chad; Littlefield, James E.; Atay, Eda Gurel
Source:
Social Indicators Research, v83 n2 p245-281 Sep 2007
Pub Date:
2007-09-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Dislocated Workers; Industry; Quality of Life; Technology Transfer; Global Approach; Public Policy; Foreign Policy; International Cooperation; International Trade; Employment Patterns; Retraining
Abstract: This paper is a sequel to Sirgy et al. ("Social Ind. Res." 68(3) (2004) 251), "The Impact of Globalization on a Country's Quality of Life: Toward an Integrated Model" published in "Social Indicators Research." That paper conceptualized globalization in terms of the free flow of four major components: (1) goods and services, (2) people, (3) capital, and (4) information. The current paper focuses on the free flow of goods and services, one of the four major components of globalization. Specifically, we (1) articulate the trade globalization construct, (2) show the complex mediating effects between trade globalization and QOL, and (3) describe "under what conditions" these positive vs. negative QOL effects are likely to occur. We develop a set of theoretical propositions to capture these mediating and moderating effects. Based on the theoretical model, we suggest the following public policy recommendations: (1) Encourage exporting firms not to outsource jobs. (2) Encourage firms to export more products in ways that can enhance their production efficiency. (3) Discourage firms from exporting culturally sensitive (and possibly offensive) products to culturally distant countries. (4) Encourage firms to export more products with potential for technology transfer. (5) Encourage firms in industries with a significant comparative advantage to increase exports. (6) Encourage imports of products that do not compete with high employment domestic industries where workers cannot easily transition to more productive employment. (7) Impose trade barriers as short-term solution to help threatened industries while helping those industries retool to become more competitive. (8) Assist displaced workers by re-training them to shift to industries with comparative advantage. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Computer-Assisted Language Learning: From Vision to Reality? (EJ809375)
Bush, Michael D.
CALICO Journal, v25 n3 p443-470 May 2008
2008-05-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Delivery Systems; Research and Development; Textbooks; Computer Assisted Instruction; Computers; Educational Technology; Teachers; Technology Integration; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Program Implementation
Abstract: Learning a second language is a challenging endeavor, and, for decades now, proponents of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) have declared that help is on the horizon. As documented not only in the "CALICO Journal" over its 25-year history but also in other scholarly venues, research has demonstrated the value of CALL. Nevertheless, despite the fact that textbook publishers expend significant effort to include computer-based ancillaries with many of their products, many teachers still rely primarily on the textbook alone. This situation is nothing short of astounding, given the advanced hardware and software capabilities of current delivery systems, unimaginable at the outset but now both available and affordable. Is the quest to implement CALL a fool's errand or is success in fact finally just over the horizon? This article provides (a) a brief historical overview of CALL, including a glimpse at both its pedagogical limitations and strengths; (b) a description of current issues that slow the implementation of CALL; and (c) a sketch of research and development efforts that will help teachers, researchers, and developers move CALL to the next level: A carefully crafted combination of teacher and technology with each contributing according to its comparative advantage. (Contains 2 figures and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Open Access in the Natural and Social Sciences: The Correspondence of Innovative Moves to Enhance Access, Inclusion and Impact in Scholarly Communication (EJ815261)
Armbruster, Chris
Policy Futures in Education, v6 n4 p424-438 2008
2008-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Access to Information; Social Sciences; Biological Sciences; Humanities; Scientists; Innovation; Internet; Periodicals; Journal Articles; Scholarship; Financial Support; Faculty Publishing; Electronic Libraries; Costs; Research Reports
Abstract: Online, open access is the superior model for scholarly communication. A variety of scientific communities in physics, the life sciences and economics have gone furthest in innovating their scholarly communication through open access, enhancing accessibility for scientists, students and the interested public. Open access enjoys a comparative advantage across the sciences and humanities and it is therefore only logical that functional innovation and structural improvements should be similar in the natural and social sciences. A variety of innovative moves in the natural and social sciences are portrayed and analysed, demonstrating correspondence of the innovative logic across the disciplines even as solutions vary. Open access is technologically feasible and economically efficient. Moreover, open access has become vital to secure the continued advancement of knowledge. It may be expected that public and philanthropic funding will flow in the future only if public visibility and academic impact of the research results can be demonstrated. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Evidence on the Returns to Secondary Vocational Education (EJ773972)
Meer, Jonathan
Economics of Education Review, v26 n5 p559-573 Oct 2007
2007-10-00
Descriptors: Vocational Education; High School Students; National Surveys; Track System (Education); Economics
Abstract: Vocational education in high schools has frequently been stigmatized as an anachronistic, dead-end path for students. We use data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 to examine claims that students on a vocational track would benefit from a more academically rigorous education. Clearly, selection bias confounds attempts to untangle the effects of academic tracking on income after high school. Using an econometric framework that accounts for this bias, we find evidence of comparative advantage in tracking. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Comparative Advantage, Relative Wages, and the Accumulation of Human Capital. (EJ697073)
Teulings, Coen N.
Journal of Political Economy, v113 n2 p425 Apr 2005
2005-04-01
Journal Articles
No
Descriptors: Wages; Skilled Workers; Human Capital
Abstract: I apply Ricardo's principle of comparative advantage to a theory of factor substitutability in a model with a continuum of worker and job types. Highly skilled workers have a comparative advantage in complex jobs. The model satisfies the distance-dependent elasticity of substitution (DIDES) characteristic: substitutability between types declines with their skill distance. I analyze changes in relative wages due to human capital accumulation. The concept of a complexity dispersion parameter or compression elasticity is introduced. Empirical studies suggest its value to be equal to two: a 1 percent increase in the stock of human capital reduces the Mincerian return by 2 percent. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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6. Comparative Advantage: An Economics Lesson in Collaboration for Teachers and Coaches (EJ740126)
Schutten, Mary; McFarland, Allison J.
Physical Educator, v62 n2 p58-65 Spr 2005
2005-00-00
Descriptors: Physical Education; Physical Education Teachers; Athletic Coaches; Teacher Effectiveness; Economics; Competition; Learning Experience
Abstract: Much attention is paid in education to assessing teaching effectiveness. Collegiate textbooks, professional development workshops, and professional journals overflow with indicators of this trait. An underlying assumption is that a primary task of teachers and coaches is to identify, develop, and reduce areas of weakness in their student athletes and themselves. Although historically embraced, encouraging educators to devote large blocks of time to developing personal non-strengths may need to be revisited. Maybe it is time to rethink our emphasis on producing well-rounded educators, coaches, and students who are moderately accomplished in all areas, and replace it with a philosophy of identifying, fostering, and focusing on areas of strength. The economic principle of comparative advantage is one possible way to refocus our thinking toward building an effective educational experience in the physical education classroom and competitive arena. This economic principle is explained and then application is made to both the physical education classroom and the coaching setting. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. Subsidies, Selectivity and the Returns to Education in Urban Papua New Guinea (EJ729784)
Gibson, John; Fatai, Osaiasi Koliniusi
Economics of Education Review, v25 n2 p133-146 Apr 2006
2006-04-00
Descriptors: Educational Status Comparison; Outcomes of Education; Foreign Countries; Developing Nations; Urban Areas; Fringe Benefits; On the Job Training
Abstract: There is debate about whether the rate of return to education in developing countries declines with the level of schooling. This paper reports evidence from urban Papua New Guinea which shows that the average private rate of return to an additional year of education rises with the level of education considered. This pattern is robust to the specification of the extended earnings function and is strengthened when the measure of employee compensation includes fringe benefits. The results are not sensitive to controls for sample selectivity bias and the estimated selectivity effects are more consistent with the principle of comparative advantage than is existing evidence from developing countries. The returns to on-the-job training are also higher than indicated by previous evidence in developing countries. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. A Direct Test of the Theory of Comparative Advantage: The Case of Japan. (EJ696078)
Bernhofen, Daniel M.; Brown, John C.
Journal of Political Economy, v112 n1 p48 Feb 2004
2004-02-01
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; International Trade
Abstract: We exploit Japan's sudden and complete opening up to international trade in the 1860s to test the empirical validity of one of the oldest and most fundamental propositions in economics: the theory of comparative advantage. Historical evidence supports the assertion that the characteristics of the Japanese economy at the time were compatible with the key assumptions of the neoclassical trade model. Using detailed product-specific data on autarky prices and trade flows, we find that the autarky price value of Japan's trade is negative for each year of the period 1868-75. This confirms the prediction of the theory. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Whose Context for What Quality? Informing Education Strategies for the Caribbean (EJ680531)
Louisy, Dame Pearlette
Compare A Journal of Comparative Education, v34 n3 p285-292 Sep 2004
2004-09-01
Descriptors: Educational Quality; Cultural Context; Comparative Education; Foreign Countries; Educational Change; Global Approach; Educational Strategies; Economic Development
Abstract: An enduring tenet of the comparative education tradition is the significance of cultural context, of the distinctive features that characterise a society or social group. The close link that has been established between culture and development has prompted Caribbean leaders to place more emphasis on an appreciation of the region's cultural assets, and to find ways of translating these into economic wealth in the international market place. This is particularly challenging in an increasingly globalised environment where knowledge is considered the primary resource. While the Caribbean's capacity for facing the dilemmas of difference is thought to give it some comparative advantage, one of the key challenges for its educational policy-makers is how to provide a quality education that is sensitive to the 'local' context while remaining responsive to the demands of the 'global' market. To meet these challenges, the Caribbean is revisiting traditional concepts of 'knowledge' and initiating comprehensive reforms aimed at refashioning its education systems to prepare an internationally competitive labour force and to promote the region as a global partner in international policy-making. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. Reaching for the Brass Ring: The "U.S. News & World Report" Rankings and Competition. (EJ661259)
Ehrenberg, Ronald G.
Review of Higher Education, v26 n2 p145-62 Win 2003
2003-00-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative; Speeches/Meeting Papers
N/A
Descriptors: Competition; Higher Education; Intercollegiate Cooperation
Abstract: Asserts that this annual ranking of the nation's academic institutions exacerbates their competitiveness and influences them to alter their behavior in ways that misserve individual students and higher education as a whole. Suggests how the rankings could instead encourage helpful institutional collaborations. (EV)
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