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Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous, Mucosal, and Visceral) Characteristics




Infectious agent: Leishmaniasis complexes

Vector: Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp. (sandflies); transmission generally more common in rural areas, or in less developed parts of urban areas; little known about breeding habitat; may be associated with thick forests in Americas

Reservoir: Variable, depending on complex, location; can be human, rodent, sloth, hyrax, marsupial, or dog/fox; more known about the environmental parameters of the reservoirs than of the vector

Occurrence

Leishmaniasis Distribution
Global mean AVHRR-derived NDVI image for 1987

Sources

Benenson, A. (ed). 1995. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 16th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Health Information for International Travel 1999-2000. DHHS, Atlanta, GA.

Isselbacher, K.J., J.B Martin, E. Braunwald, A.S. Fauci, J.D. Wilson, D.L. Kasper (eds). 1994. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 13th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Jong, E.C., and R. McMullen (eds). 1995. The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual. 2nd Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

Tierney, L.M., Jr., S.J. McPhee, M.A. Papadakis (eds). 1996. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. 35th Ed. Appleton and Lange, Stamford, CT.


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Last updated: 23 Nov 1999