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Key to the Currently Known Species of Hemphillia
| 1 | Body short, keeled posteriorly; anterior depression for visceral mass (like Pilsbry, 1948, fig. 397a) | 2 |
| Body long, worm-like; no posterior keel, no anterior depression for visceral mass (like Burch & Pearce, 1990, fig. 9.105) | 4 | |
| 2 | Mantle covering posterior part of visceral pouch; caudal horn small or absent; body ground color white; head dark; no dorsal stripe | 3 |
| Mantle not covering visceral pouch; caudal horn large, distinct; body ground color off-white; head pale; dorsal stripe | pantherina | |
| 3 | Visceral pouch papillate; penial stimulator rugose internally; body ground color white with blue-black markings; posterior with spaced black lines terminating in round dots | glandulosa |
| Visceral pouch nearly smooth; penial stimulator smooth internally; color as above but lacking spaced black lines | burringtoni | |
| 4 | Penis narrow, with accessory sac | danielsi |
| Penis broad, lacking accessory sac | 5 | |
| 5 | Tail with distinct caudal horn | 6 |
| Tail lacking distinct caudal horn | 7 | |
| 6 | Body ground color white with black to bluish-black markings | dromedarius |
| Body ground color off-white (gray) with even, darker gray dorsal surface | n. sp. 1 | |
| 7 | Body ground color orange | n. sp. 2 |
| Body ground color tan | 8 | |
| 8 | Sperm duct opening near base of verge; penial retractor attached to penis and epiphallus | malonei |
| Sperm duct opening near apex of verge; penial retractor attached to epiphallus only | camelus |
Hemphillia burringtoni (Pilsbry, 1948) keeled jumping-slug
Key Characteristics: Body strongly laterally compressed, keeled posteriorly, flattened and excavated anteriorly to receive visceral hump; caudal horn moderately prominent, triangular in lateral view, bluntly rounded behind. Posterolateral mantle margins white, with narrow dark band above grading into reticulated surface surrounding shell margins. Anterior and dorsal mantle heavily speckled with dark gray and black; head and tentacles black; sole white; posteriorly, foot immediately above dorsal furrow with 17-23 black spots on each side, with thin, oblique black lines dorsal to spots below visceral hump. Body ground color sooty gray to yellowish-white. Sexually mature individuals range from about 13 to more than 26 mm in length. For more detailed description and anatomy, see Pilsbry (1948: 741-742) and Branson (1972: 101-102).
There are basically two species groups in Hemphillia, which probably represent separate genera or subgenera. One, including H. burringtoni, H. glandulosa, and H. pantherina, has a short, thick body with the visceral mass and mantle covering 50% or more of the total length [in live animals]; a strong posterior dorsal keel; and no anterior dorsal depression for the visceral mass. These species are confined as far as known to western WA and adjacent parts of western OR and western BC. The second group has a narrow, rather worm-like body; subdued posterior dorsal keel; a depression for reception of the prominent visceral mass; and a visceral mass covering less than 50% of the full length. This group, which includes H. camelus, H. danielsi, H. dromedarius, H. malonei, and at least 2 undescribed species, occupies the same territory as the first; but extends also to western MT and the lower Salmon River-Hells Canyon area of western ID.
Caution should be exercised in identification of Hemphillia species, as additional undescribed forms are quite possible and color variation is extensive in some forms; anatomical criteria are the best, but need further refinement.
Illustrations: Branson (1972), p. 103, fig. 1b & d; Pilsbry (1948), p. 742, fig. 397.
Synonyms: Hemphillia glandulosa burringtoni Pilsbry, 1948.
Hemphillia glandulosa (Bland & Binney, 1872) warty jumping-slug
Key Characteristics: Like burringtoni (q.v); but mantle with easily visible papillae; penial stimulator rugose rather than smooth; and dorsal posterior color pattern consisting of irregular dark patches of limited extent, instead of oblique parallel stripes with terminal spots. Adult size and ground color as in burringtoni. For more detailed external and internal morphology, see Pilsbry (1948) and Branson (1972).
Illustrations: Pilsbry (1948, p. 739, fig. 396).
Synonyms: None.
Hemphillia malonei Pilsbry, 1917 Malone jumping-slug
Key Characteristics: Color as in camelus (ground color light tan) but maculations on mantle and body comparatively few, small, and light-medium gray; mantle gray instead of tan; sides of foot below mantle grayish, with scattered dark maculations; dorsal surface posteriorly with two darker brown bands bordering lighter tan central dorsal streak; adult size similar to camelus (to 6 cm length); caudal horn small, inconspicuous. Sperm duct opening near base, rather than apex, of verge; penial retractor muscle attached to penis and epiphallus, rather than to epiphallus solely. For details of anatomy, see Kozloff & Vance (1958).
Illustrations: Kozloff & Vance (1958, plate 6: 1-17).
Synonyms: None. At one point questionably regarded as a synonym of H. camelus (Pilsbry, 1948) and sometimes seen in museum collections under that name. Kozloff & Vance (1958), and specimens collected by others subsequently, demonstrate that this is a valid species, with consistently different anatomy. The range is rather restricted and far distant from that of camelus.
Hemphillia pantherina Branson, 1975 panther jumping-slug
Key Characteristics: Head and tentacles white dorsally, light gray ventrally; mantle heavily and finely granulose, covering anterior 2/3 of visceral pouch; color off-white, stellate dark patches on dorsal 2/3. Small pneumostome near middle right mantle margin, with black streak above and posterior. Visceral pouch smooth, colorless and semitransparent on left side; finely stippled with black on right side. Anterior sides of body white except for dark gray spots near pedal groove. Posterior body sides with 26 cell-like areas outlined in black, grading into even dusky shade near midline; but midline proper white, distinct. Caudal horn comparatively large and distinct, triangular in outline, dark gray. Live adults about 1.5-2.5 cm in length.
For more detailed description, see Branson (1972). The white tentacles; white dorsal stripe; and light mantle are very different from other Hemphillia species and conspicuous in the field.
Illustrations: Branson (1972, p. 94, fig. 1).
Synonyms: None.
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