Match 63 DB Rec# - 7,515 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Croatia
Text :
Croatia
Geography
Location:
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Slovenia
Map references:
Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
Area:
total area:
56,538 sq km
land area:
56,410 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total 2,028 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and
Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego), Slovenia 501
km
Coastline:
5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
International disputes:
Ethnic Serbs have occupied UN protected areas in eastern Croatia and along
the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border
Climate:
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot
summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Terrain:
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains
and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands
Natural resources:
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt,
silica, mica, clays, salt
Land use:
arable land:
32%
permanent crops:
20%
meadows and pastures:
18%
forest and woodland:
15%
other:
15%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is
damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste;
widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas
affected by civil strife
natural hazards:
frequent and destructive earthquakes
international agreements:
party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not
ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification
Geography
Note:
controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish
Straits
People
Population:
4,665,821 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
19% (female 418,272; male 442,064)
15-64 years:
68% (female 1,592,187; male 1,588,455)
65 years and over:
13% (female 394,650; male 230,193) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.13% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
11.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
10.55 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
74.02 years
male:
70.59 years
female:
77.65 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Croat(s)
adjective:
Croatian
Ethnic divisions:
Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others
8.1% (1991)
Religions:
Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others
and unknown 10.8%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1991)
total population:
97%
male:
99%
female:
95%
Labor force:
1,509,489
by occupation:
industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Croatia
conventional short form:
Croatia
local long form:
Republika Hrvatska
local short form:
Hrvatska
Digraph:
HR
Type:
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Zagreb
Administrative divisions:
21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija - singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of
Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci,
Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija,
Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina,
Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin,
Zagreb
Independence:
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday:
Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Constitution:
adopted on 22 December 1990
Legal system:
based on civil law system
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990); election last held 4 August
1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with
about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA got 5% of the vote
head of government:
Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since 3 April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers
Mato GRANIC (since 8 September 1992); Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October
1993); Jure RADIC (since NA); Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
Legislative branch:
bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)
House of Districts (Zupanije Dom):
elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February
1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected,
5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic
Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1
House of Representatives (Predstavnicke Dom):
elections last held 2 August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); results
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) HDZ 85, HSLS 14, SPH-SDP
11, HNS 6, Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/ Rijeka Democratic
Alliance coalition 6, HSP 5, HSS 3, SNS 3, independents 5
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Government
Political parties and leaders:
Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Zlatko CANJUGA, secretary general; Croatian
Democratic Independents (HND), Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social
Liberal Party (HSLS), Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Democratic Peasant
Party (HDSS), Ante BABIC; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC;
Croatian Peasants' Party (HSS), Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party
(HNS), Radimir CACIC, president; Dalmatian Action (DA), Mira LJUBIC-LORGER;
Serb National Party (SNS), Milan DJUKIC; Social Democratic Action (SDP),
Miko TRIPALO; other small parties include the Istrian Democratic Assembly
and the Rijeka Democratic Alliance
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Member of:
CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,
NAM (observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Petar A. SARCEVIC
chancery:
2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 588-5899
FAX:
[1] (202) 588-8936
consulate(s) general:
New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH
embassy:
Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
mailing address:
US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345
telephone:
[385] (41) 456-000
FAX:
[385] (41) 440-235
Flag:
red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and
white checkered)
Economy
Overview:
Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after
Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita
output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. At present, Croatian
Serb Separatists control approximately one-third of the Croatian territory,
and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and
economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute.
Croatia faces serious economic problems stemming from: the legacy of
longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage
during the fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and
houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the
disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav
republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive
Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries,
would seem necessary to revive the moribund economy. However, peace and
political stability must come first; only then will recent government moves
toward a "market-friendly" economy restore old levels of output. As of
February 1995, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and
national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate:
3.4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$2,640 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
17% (December 1994)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals
11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5%
(1990)
partners:
EC countries, Slovenia
Imports:
$4.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and
live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous
manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1%
(1990)
partners:
EC countries, Slovenia, FSU countries
External debt:
$2.9 billion (September 1994)
Industrial production:
growth rate -4% (1994 est.)
Electricity:
capacity:
3,570,000 kW
Economy
production:
NA kWh
consumption per capita:
NA kWh (1993)
Industries:
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig
iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products
(including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles,
shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and
beverages
Agriculture:
Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private
hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria;
much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat,
corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in
Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal
production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming;
coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and
vegetables
Economic aid:
recipient:
IMF, $192 million
Currency:
1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
Croatian kuna per US $1 - 5.6144 (November 1994)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
2,699 km
standard gauge:
2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (963 km electrified)
note:
disrupted by territorial dispute (1994)
Highways:
total:
27,368 km
paved:
22,176 km (302 km of expressways)
unpaved:
5,192 km (1991)
Inland waterways:
785 km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note
- now disrupted because of territorial dispute
Ports:
Dubrovnik, Omis, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar
Merchant marine:
total:
35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,565 GRT/225,533 DWT
ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 20, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 2, passenger 2,
refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4
note:
also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 134 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 3,286,231 DWT that operate under Maltese and Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines registry
Airports:
total:
76
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
2
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
6
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
2
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
1
with paved runways under 914 m:
55
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
8
Communications
Telephone system:
350,000 telephones
local:
NA
intercity:
NA
international:
no satellite links
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0
radios:
1.1 million
Television:
broadcast stations:
12 (repeaters 2)
televisions:
1.027 million
Defense Forces
Branches:
Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard,
Home Guard
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 1,183,184; males fit for military service 943,749; males
reach military age (19) annually 32,831 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion
of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate
could produce misleading results
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This publication is also available online from the CIA (http://www.odci.gov/cia) as 1995 World Factbook (http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/index.html).
The printed version of this item can be found under the title:
The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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