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Author McClanahan, T. R. // Kaunda-Arara, B.

Article Title Fishery recovery in a coral-reef marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery

Journal Title Conservation Biology
Date of Publication 1996
Volume 10
Issue ID 4
Page(s) 1187-1199
Full Text Available N 
Theme Fisheries / International
Collection Bibliography
Notes ASFA abstract. Classification: D 04700 Management; D 04668 Fish; Q1 01604 Stock assessment and management; O 5020 Fisheries and Fishery Biology; Q5 01523 Conservation, ildlife management and recreation.
Abstract Numbers of fish and their wet weights were estimated in Kenyan coral-reef lagoons on seven reefs over 6 years. Two sites were protected from fishing for over 20 years, whereas the other five sites were heavily fished in recent years. A heavily fished site was converted into a marine park (Mombasa Marine National Park, approximately 10 km super(2), no fishing allowed), and the number of fishers allowed was slowly decreased between August 1991 and August 1992. The area adjacent to the park was converted into a marine reserve (only fishing traps, lines, and gill nets allowed) that provided fishing grounds for fishers excluded from the park. Data from a fish-landing site adjacent to the newly created marine park were collected for 3 years and analyzed to determine the effect of the park's creation on fish catches. Results suggest that fishing in the reserve reduced fish wet weight by about a factor of 10 and reduced fish numbers and species richness by a factor of two. Both field studies and landing data suggest harvesting at a bionomic equilibrium. For example, approximately 65% of the landing site's fishing grounds were protected with the creation of the park, and 65% of the fishers quit the studied landing, leaving nearly the same density of fishers in the remaining area ( similar to 12 fishers/km super(2)). Further, fishers using pull seines were excluded from the reserve, and their numbers were replaced by fishers using other gear (mostly basket traps). Although the overall catch per unit effort increased by about 110% after the park's creation, the total fish landed decreased by 35% and the catch per unit effort decreased toward the end of the study period despite increasing fish abundance in the park. Although establishment of small parks elsewhere have increased the total catch, the large park we studied did not; one reason may have been the lower ratio of edge to park area of the large park. Alternatively, the park's edge may have provided a good fishing area,

Keywords Mombasa Marine National Park (Kenya) / Fishery closures / Fishery Conservation / coral reef fishes

 

 
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