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Contents Introduction 1 Bibliography of Basic Resources for the Study of the Arthurian Legends 6 1.Early Accounts of Arthur, Chronicles, and Historical Literature 13 Early References to Arthur 13 The Gododdin 13 Gildas 14 Bede 14 Nennius 15 Annales Cambriae 15 Arthur in Welsh Literature 16 Culhwch and Olwen 16 The Dream of Rhonabwy 17 The Birth of Arthur 18 Taliesin 18 Welsh Verse 19 David Jones 21 Saints Lives 22 Geoffrey of Monmouth and his Influence 24 Geoffrey of Monmouth 24 Translations and Adaptations of Geoffreys Historia 28 Gaimar and Wace 28 Layamon 29 Perceforest 31 Romances Focusing on Arthur 31 Other Latin Chronicles 34 The Continuing Chronicle Tradition in England and Scotland 36 English Metrical and Prose Chronicles 36 Robert of Gloucester 36 Short Metrical Chronicle 36 Robert Mannyng of Brunne 37 Thomas Castlefords Chronicle 37 John Hardyng 38 Arthur 39 English Prose Chronicles 39 Scottish Chronicles (in Latin and Scottish) 40 John of Fordun and Walter Bower 40 Hector Boece and his Translators 41 John Major 42 George Buchanan 43 The Historical Arthur after the Middle Ages 43 Arthurs Death and Survival 45 Arthurs Grave 45 Arthurs Survival and Return 46 Historical Verse 50 Sir Richard Blackmore 50 Richard Hole 50 H. H. Milman 51 John Lesslie Hall 52 John Masefield 53 John HeathStubbs 54 Historical Drama 55 The Misfortunes of Arthur by Thomas Hughes 55 King Arthur by John Dryden 55 Arthur, Monarch of the Britons by William Hilton 56 Vortigern by William Ireland 57 The Dragon King by J. F. Pennie 57 TwentiethCentury Historical Drama 58 Historical Novels 59 Alfred J. Church 60 William H. Babcock 60 Warwick Deeping 61 T. H. Crosfield 62 Farnham Bishop and Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur 62 W. Barnard Faraday 63 Edward Frankland 63 John Masefield 64 Alfred Duggan 64 Meriol Trevor 65 Henry Treece 65 Edison Marshall 66 Rosemary Sutcliff 66 Walter OMeara 67 George Finkel 67 Godfrey Turton 67 Adam Fergusson 68 Roy Turner 68 Jayne Viney 69 Victor Canning 69 Douglas Carmichael 70 John Gloag 70 Peter Vansittart 70 Catherine Christian 71 Parke Godwin 71 Bernard Cornwell 72 Jack Whyte 74 2.The Romance Tradition 83 Chrtien de Troyes and the Beginnings of the Romance Tradition 83 Chrtien de Troyes 85 The Influence of Chrtien de Troyes 93 Fergus and the Dutch Ferguut 93 Hartmann von Aue 94 Erex saga and vens saga 97 Gereint Son of Erbin and Owain (The Lady of the Fountain) 98 Ywain and Gawain 99 The Continuing Tradition 100 Lancelot and Guinevere 103 Ulrich von Zatzikhoven 103 The Vulgate Cycle or LancelotGrail Cycle 104 Lancelot of the Laik 110 The Stanzaic Morte Arthur 111 Romances with Nontraditional Heroes 113 Lanval and Launfal 118 Chastity Tests 120 Ballads 122 3.Malory, his Influence, and the Continuing Romance Tradition 133 Sir Thomas Malorys Morte dArthur 133 From Malory to Tennyson 144 Alfred, Lord Tennyson 146 Lady of ShalottElaine of Astolat 152 Other Victorian Poets 157 Parodies and Criticisms of Tennyson 159 Mark Twains Connecticut Yankee 162 Twains Connecticut Yankee in Film 164 Arthurian Youth Groups and their Influence 164 Adapting and Illustrating the Arthurian Legends for Children 167 Illustrating Malory and Tennyson 169 The Continuing Romance Tradition in Poetry 172 The Continuing Romance Tradition in Drama, Music, and Film 177 Drama 177 Music 183 Film 185 The Continuing Romance Tradition in Fiction 188 T. H. White 188 John Steinbeck 192 Thomas Berger 195 Donald Barthelme 196 Lancelot and Guinevere in Fiction 197 Mordred 200 Excalibur 201 Feminist Retellings 201 4.The Holy Grail 213 Chrtien de Troyess Perceval and its Continuations and Translations 213 Chrtien de Troyess Perceval or Le Conte du Graal 213 The Continuations and Prologues to Chrtiens Perceval 218 The First Continuation 218 The Second Continuation 219 Gerbert de Montreuils Continuation 220 Manessiers Continuation 221 Eric Rohmers Perceval le Gallois 221 The Elucidation 222 Bliocadran 222 Translations and Adaptations of Chrtiens Perceval 222 Robert de Boron and the Prose Adaptations of his Work 224 Perlesvaus 227 Perlesvaus 227 Y Seint Greal 229 Dorothy James Robertss Kinsmen of the Grail 230 Peredur and Sir Perceval of Galles 230 Peredur 230 Sir Perceval of Galles 232 Tyolet and Related Tales 233 Tyolet 233 Lanceloet en het hert met de witte voet 233 Moriaen 234 Clemence Housmans The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis 234 George Moore 235 Wolfram von Eschenbach and his Influence 235 Parzival 235 Titurel 240 Richard Wagner 240 Works Influenced by Wolfram and Wagner 241 The Grail in the Vulgate (or LancelotGrailååå) and the PostVulgate Cycles and Henry Lovelichs Translation 241 Estoire del Saint Graal (The History of the Holy Grail) 241 Queste del Saint Graal (The Quest for the Holy Grail) 243 The PostVulgate Queste del Saint Graal 245 Henry Lovelichs The History of the Holy Grail 246 Joseph of Arimathea 247 Sone de Nausay 247 Joseph of Arimathea 247 Later Accounts of the Life of Joseph of Arimathea 248 The Grail from Malory to Victorian England 250 William Wordsworth 250 J. H. Shorthouse 250 Victorian Poets 251 Victorian Artists 252 American Interpretations of the Grail 254 James Russell Lowells The Vision of Sir Launfal 254 J. Dunbar Hyltons Arteloise 255 Katrina Trask 256 Sophie Jewetts The Dwarfs Quest 256 Sara Hawks Sterling 257 Edwin Austin Abbeys Grail Murals 257 Irwin St John Tuckers The Sangreal 258 John Erskines Galahad 258 Jack Spicer 259 John Steinbecks Cup of Gold 260 Bernard Malamud 260 Walker Percy 261 Bobbie Ann Mason 262 Jessie Weston and T. S. Eliot 263 The Influence of The Waste Land 266 TwentiethCentury British Interpretations of the Grail 266 R. C. Trevelyan 266 E. S. Padmore 267 Evelyn Underhill 267 Arthur Machen 268 John Cowper Powyss A Glastonbury Romance 269 Charles Williams 269 C. S. Lewiss Launcelot 272 Naomi Mitchison 272 Jim Hunter 273 Anthony Powell 274 Peter Vansittart 274 The Grail in Popular Culture 275 The Grail in Popular Literature 275 The Grail in Film 278 Esoteric and New Age Approaches to Glastonbury and the Grail 279 5.Gawain 291 Gawain Romances Other than English 291 The Youth of Gawain 291 French Romances 292 Roman van Walewein 298 Heinrich von dem Trlins Diu Crne 300 The Irish Tale The Story of the CropEared Dog 301 English Gawain Romances 302 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 302 Other English Gawain Romances 304 Reworkings of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 307 The Greene Knight 307 Poetry 308 Drama 309 Fiction 310 Film 313 The Loathly Lady 314 The Fair Unknown 317 Gawain and his Family in Later Literature 320 Prince Valiant 322 Gareth 322 6.Merlin 329 The Origins of Merlin 329 The Celtic Merlin Figures 329 Geoffrey of Monmouth 331 Prophecies of Merlin 333 Merlin in Medieval Romance 335 Merlin in French Romance 335 Merlin in English Romance 337 Tom Thumb 339 Merlin in Drama 343 Merlin in Modern Poetry 346 Merlin in Modern Fiction 351 Merlin in Nineteenth and TwentiethCentury Fiction 351 Merlin in Juvenile Fiction 359 Merlin in Popular Culture 362 7.Tristan and Isolt 371 Tristan in Welsh Literature 371 The Common and Courtly Versions of the Tristan Story 372 Broul 373 Thomas of Britain 374 Shorter French Tristan Pieces 375 Eilhart von Oberge 376 Gottfried von Strassburg 378 Tristan in Scandinavian Literature 380 Sir Tristrem 382 The Chertsey Abbey Tiles 382 The Prose Tristan and its Influence 383 The Prose Tristan 383 Italian Tristan Romances 385 Povest o Tryshchane (The Romance of Tristan) 387 Palamedes 387 Palamedes in Medieval Literature 387 Palamedes in Modern Verse 389 Palamedes in Modern Fiction 392 Tristan and Isolt in the Victorian Age 394 Tristan Plays 397 The Tristan Legend in TwentiethCentury Verse 405 Tristan and Isolt in Fiction 409 Tristan and Isolt in Film 416 Afterword 427 Arthurian People, Places, and Things 429 Index 477
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Arthur, King -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Arthurian romances -- History and criticism -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Arthurian romances -- Adaptations -- History and criticism -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Britons -- Kings and rulers -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Legends -- Great Britain -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.