Catalogue Query Results
Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell, 1879: 199. Type data: NEW ZEALAND: Governors Bay, on oranges and lemons imported to New Zealand from Sydney. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand. Described: female. Illust.
Aonidia gennadii Targioni Tozzetti, 1881: 151. Type data: ITALY: on undetermined host plant. Syntypes, female. Described: female. Synonymy by Leonardi, 1920: 75. Notes: Type material probably lost; G. Pellizzari-Scaltriti, 1998, personal information to Yair Ben-Dov.
Aspidiotus coccineus Gennadius, 1881: 189. Type data: GREECE: Chio Island, on Citrus sp., Euonymus japonicus, Ficus elastica, Pistacia lentiscus and Vitis sp. Syntypes, female. Described: female. Synonymy by Lindinger, 1914: 157. Notes: Depository of type material unknown.
Aspidiotus citri Comstock, 1881: 8. Type data: U.S.A.: California, southern California, on Citrus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Synonymy by Cockerell, 1896b: 334.
Aonidia aonidum Targioni Tozzetti, 1884: 386. Unjustified replacement name for Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell).
Aonidiella aurantii; Berlese, 1895a: 125. Change of combination.
Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) aurantii; Cockerell, 1897i: 29. Change of combination.
Chrysomphalus (Aonidiella) aurantii; Cockerell, 1899a: 396. Change of combination.
Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) aurantii; Kuwana, 1902: 70. Change of combination.
Chrysomphalus citri; Lindinger, 1935: 132. Change of combination.
Aonidiella coccineus; McKenzie, 1939: 54. Change of combination.
Aonidiella gennadi; McKenzie, 1939: 54. Change of combination.
Chrysomphalus coccineus; Lindinger, 1949: 211. Change of combination.
COMMON NAMES: California red scale [MerrilCh1923, Merril1953, McKenz1956, Dekle1965c, GersonZo1973]; california red scale [GersonZo1973]; escama roja de California [CoronaRuMo1997]; escama roja de los citricos [Gonzal1989]; krasnaya pomeranzevaya shitovka [Borchs1936]; pijo rojo de California [Lloren1990]; pinta-vermelha [CarvalAg1997]; pou rouge de Californie [Smirno1951a]; red-scale of california [Comsto1881a].
Foes: ACARI Camerobiidae: Neophyllobius ambulans [Meyer1962]. Hemisarcoptidae: Hemisarcoptes coccophagus [Meyer1962], Hemisarcoptes cooremani Thomas [HouckOc1996, LuckJiHo1999], Hemisarcoptes malus (Shimer) [GersonOcHo1990, HouckOc1996]. Phytoseiidae: Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) [JuanBlVeUr2008], Euseius delhiensis (Naryanan & Kaur) [ErlerTu2001], Euseius finlandicus (Quedemans) [ErlerTu2001]. COLEOPTERA Coccinellidae: Chilocorus bipustulatus L. [NadelBi1964, BenDovRo1969, RosenDe1978], Chilocorus bisugus infernalis Mulsant [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus bivulnerus Mulsant [Comper1961], Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhal [RosenDe1978, SmithSmLi1999], Chilocorus discoideus Crotch [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus distigma Klug [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus hauseri Weise [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus kuwanae Silvestri [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius) [RosenDe1978, Samway1989], Chilocorus rubidus tristis Fald. [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus stigma (Say) [RosenDe1978], Chilocorus wahlbergi Mulsant [RosenDe1978], Coccidophilus citricola Brethes [Elguet1932, Flande1936a, Clause1952, RosenDe1978], Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant [SmithSmLi1999], Exochomus flavipes Thunb. [RosenDe1978], Lindorus lophanthae (Blaisdell) [Comper1961, RosenDe1978], Lotis neglecta Mulsant [RosenDe1978], Lotis niggerima Casey [RosenDe1978], Microweisia coccidivora (Ashmead) [RosenDe1978], Nephus includens Kirsch [ErlerTu2001], Orcus australasiae Boisduval [RosenDe1978], Orcus chalybeus (Boisduval) [Comper1961, RosenDe1978], Paropsis caseyi [Fursch1985], Pentilia nigella Weise [RosenDe1978], Pharoscymnus [RosenDe1978], Pharoscymnus exiguus Weise [RosenDe1978], Pharoscymnus horni (Weise) [Flande1934a, RosenDe1978], Rhyzobius satellus Blacb. [RosenDe1978], Rhyzobius ventralis [Pope1981], Scymnus [RosenDe1978, ErlerTu2001], Scymnus marginicollis Mann. [RosenDe1978], Scymnus notescens Blackb. [RosenDe1978], Spiliconis picticornis Banks [RosenDe1978], Telsimia [RosenDe1978], Telsimia emarginata Chapin [Flande1934a, Comper1961, RosenDe1978]. Nitidulidae: Cybocephalus binotatus Grouvelle [BlumbeSw1974], Cybocephalus fodori-minor Enrody-Younga [ErlerTu2001], Cybocephalus micans Reitter [Blumbe1971, Blumbe1973a], Cybocephalus nigriceps nigriceps (Sahlberg) [Blumbe1971, Blumbe1973a, BlumbeSw1974]. DIPTERA Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyia coccidarum (Cockerell) [Harris1990], Lestodiplosis aonidiellae Harris [Harris1990, Harris1997]. FUNGI : Fusarium coccinellum [Moore2002], Fusarium lateritium [Moore2002]. Ascomycotina: Myriangium duriaei [EvansPr1990], Nectria aurantiicola [EvansPr1990], Nectria flammea [EvansPr1990]. Deuteromycotina: Fusarium [EvansPr1990]. HETEROPTERA Isometopidae: Isomethopus mirificus Mulsant & Rey [ErlerTu2001]. HYMENOPTERA Aphelinidae: Aphytis [SengonUyKa1998], Aphytis africanus Quednau [RosenDe1978, RosenDe1979], Aphytis aonidiae (Mercet) [RosenDe1979], Aphytis capillatus (Howard) [RosenDe1979], Aphytis chilensis Howard [RosenDe1979], Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet) [BartleFi1950, Flande1953a, RosenDe1978, RosenDe1979, ErlerTu2001], Aphytis coheni DeBach [RosenDe1979], Aphytis comperei DeBach & Rosen [RosenDe1979, MyartsRu2000], Aphytis desantisi DeBach & Rosen [RosenDe1979], Aphytis diaspidis (Howard) [RosenDe1979], Aphytis fisheri DeBach [RosenDe1979], Aphytis hispanicus (Marcet) [Gordh1979], Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach [RosenDe1978], Aphytis immaculatus Compere [Gordh1979], Aphytis lingnanensis Compere [DeBachLaWh1962, RosenDe1978, RosenDe1979, MyartsRu2000], Aphytis maculicornis (Masi) [ErlerTu2001], Aphytis mandalayensis Rosen & DeBach [RosenDe1979], Aphytis melinus DeBach [DeBachLaWh1962, RosenDe1978, RosenDe1979, SengonUyKa1998, HareMo2000], Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) [RosenDe1979], Aphytis paramaculicornis DeBach & Rosen [RosenDe1979], Aphytis philippiensis DeBach & Rosen [RosenDe1979], Aphytis pinnaspidis Rosen & DeBach [RosenDe1979, MyartsRu2000], Aphytis proclia (Walker) [RosenDe1979, SengonUyKa1998], Aphytis sinaii [AbdRab2005b], Aphytis yasumatsui Azim [RosenDe1979], Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw) [RosenDe1978, Blumbe1997], Aspidiotiphagus lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli) [RosenDe1978], Azotus [SengonUyKa1998], Coccophagoides moeris (Walker) [ErlerTu2001], Encarsia aurantii (Howard) [PolaszAbHu1999], Encarsia citrina (Craw) [MyartsRu2000, AbdRab2001a], Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli) [MyartsRu2000, AbdRab2001a], Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) [Rosen1987, StouthLu1991, MyartsRu2000], Marietta carnesi (Howard) [RosenDe1978], Physcus debachi Compere [RosenDe1978], Prospaltella aurantii (Howard) [Gordh1979, Blumbe1997], Prospaltella perniciosi Tower [RosenDe1978], Pteroptrix chinensis (Howard) [ComperSm1927, FlandeGrFi1958, RosenDe1978, Blumbe1997], Pteroptrix wanhsiensis (Compere) [RosenDe1978]. Encyrtidae: Adelencyrtus sarawaki Trjapitzin & Myartseva [TrjapiMy2001], Aphycus immaculatus Howard [Gordh1979], Comperiella [ErlerTu2001], Comperiella bifasciata Howard [ComperSm1927, Coy1938, RosenDe1978, BlumbeLu1990, Blumbe1997, SengonUyKa1998], Comperiella unifasciata Ishii [Trjapi1989], Habrolepis rouxi Compere [Comper1936a, Comper1961, Flande1962, Comper1963, RosenDe1978, BlumbeDe1979, Blumbe1997], Pseudhomalopoda prima Girault [Gordh1979]. Signiphoridae: Signiphora fax Girault [Woolle1990], Signiphora flavella [Woolle1990], Signiphora flavopalliata Ashmead [Gordh1979, Woolle1990], Signiphora merceti [Woolle1990], Signiphora occidentalis Howard [Gordh1979], Signiphora prepauca Girault [Woolle1990]. NEUROPTERA Chrysopidae: Chrysopa californica [Comper1961], Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) [Drea1990]. Coniopterygidae: Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) [Drea1990]. THYSANOPTERA Phlaeothripidae: Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin) [PalmerMo1990, WatsonDuLi2000].
Hosts: Acanthaceae: Libonia [Brain1919]. Aceraceae: Acer [Brain1919]. Agavaceae: Agave [Green1896, RahmanAn1941, Balach1948b, McKenz1956], Agave americana [Green1896e, RahmanAn1941, Green1937], Agave variegata [RahmanAn1941], Cordyline [Brain1919], Yucca [Brain1919, DeLott1967a]. Amaryllidaceae: Clivia [McKenz1946a], Doryanthes [Brain1919]. Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica [Hall1923, Takaha1933, RahmanAn1941, WolffCo1993a, KinjoNaHi1996], Pistacia lentiscus [Bodenh1924, Bodenh1928]. Apocynaceae: Alstonia scholaris [RahmanAn1941], Nerium odorum [RahmanAn1941], Nerium oleander [RahmanAn1941], Nerium oleander [UygunSeEr1998], Rhyncospermum [Wilson1917]. Aquifoliaceae: Ilex aquifolium [McKenz1946a], Ilex opaca [McDani1968]. Araliaceae: Aralia [Wilson1917, Brain1919], Hedera helix [Hall1923], Heptapleurum octophyllum [Takaha1929]. Araucariaceae: Araucaria [Brain1919]. Arecaceae: Areca alicaceae [Wilson1917], Areca triandra [Wilson1917], Chamaedorea [Wilson1917], Cocos [McKenz1956], Cocos nucifera [WilliaBu1987, WilliaWa1988], Cocos plumosa [Wilson1917], Dictyosperma album [Wilson1917], Dictyosperma rubrum [Wilson1917], Dypsis madagascariensis [Wilson1917], Hyophorbe [Wilson1917], Kentia fostercana [Wilson1917], Latania [Wilson1917], Phoenix [McKenz1946a], Phoenix canariensis [Wilson1917], Phoenix dactylifera [Hall1922], Roscheria melanochaetes [Wilson1917], Seaforthia [Wilson1917], Washingtonia robusta [Wilson1917]. Asteraceae: Ambrosia artemisiifolia [McDani1968], Calendula officinalis [Hall1923], Gynura [Brain1919], Leptilon canadensis [McDani1968], Zinnia [Brain1919, McKenz1946a]. Aucubaceae: Aucuba [Brain1919, Balach1948b]. Balsaminaceae: Impatiens [Brain1919]. Berberidaceae: Berberis [Brain1919], Mahonia [McKenz1946a]. Bignoniaceae: Bignonia [Brain1919], Jacaranda [Brain1919], Tecoma [RahmanAn1941]. Bombacaceae: Bombax malabaricum [RahmanAn1941]. Boraginaceae: Benthamia [Brain1919]. Buxaceae: Buxus [McKenz1946a]. Cactaceae: Cactus [Laing1929]. Cannaceae: Canna indica [RahmanAn1941]. Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum [Brain1919, McKenz1946a]. Caricaceae: Carica papaya [Takaha1935]. Casuarinaceae: Casuarina [Brain1919], Casuarina equisetifolia [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Borchs1966]. Celastraceae: Euonymus [McKenz1946a, Bodenh1952, McKenz1956, McDani1968, UygunSeEr1998], Euonymus japonica [Bodenh1928, RahmanAn1941]. Chenopodiaceae: Chenopodium ambrosiodes [McKenz1946a]. Cornaceae: Cornus [Brain1919]. Crassulaceae: Sedum [McKenz1946a]. Cruciferae: Brassica nigra [McKenz1946a]. Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbita [McKenz1946a], Cucurbita pepo [WilliaWa1988]. Cupressaceae: Cupressus [Brain1919], Thuja [Brain1919]. Cycadaceae: Cycas [Green1904a, MerrilCh1923, Balach1948b, McKenz1956, Cohic1958]. Cyperaceae: Cyperus [Brain1919]. Ebenaceae: Diospyros kaki [Leonar1909, Hall1923], Diospyros montana [RahmanAn1941]. Ehretiaceae: Cordia myxa [RahmanAn1941]. Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus [Brain1919]. Ericaceae: Arbutus unedo [McKenz1946a]. Erythropalaceae: Mackaya [Brain1919]. Euphorbiaceae: Aleurites [Lepage1938], Bridelia ovata [Takaha1934], Gelonium aequoreum [Takaha1933], Phyllanthus [Hall1922], Poinsettia [Brain1919, RahmanAn1941], Ricinus communis [Hall1922, Hall1923, Bodenh1924, Lepage1938, WilliaWa1988]. Fabaceae: Acacia [Balach1948b, McKenz1956, RosenDe1979, UygunSeEr1998], Acacia farnesiana [Bodenh1924], Acacia longifolia [Bodenh1924], Bauhinia [Brain1919, McDani1968], Bauhinia alba [RahmanAn1941], Bauhinia racemosa [RahmanAn1941], Cassia [RahmanAn1941], Cassia fistula [RahmanAn1941], Ceratonia siliqua [Hall1922, Bodenh1924, McKenz1946a, InserrCa1987], Erythrina [Brain1919, Hall1923], Genista [McKenz1946a], Gleditsia [Brain1919], Kennedia [Brain1919, MerrilCh1923], Pongamia glabra [RahmanAn1941], Robinia [Brain1919], Sesbania cannabina [McDani1968], Sophora [Brain1919]. Fagaceae: Quercus rubra [Balach1956]. Flacourtiaceae: Scolopia oldhami [Takaha1932a, Takaha1933]. Goodeniaceae: Scaevola frutescens [Takaha1932a, Takaha1933]. Greyaceae: Greyia [Brain1919]. Hamamelidaceae: Trichocladus [Brain1919]. Hydrangeaceae: Deutzia [Brain1919], Hydrangea [Brain1919]. Illiciaceae: Illicium randaiense [Takaha1935]. Iridaceae [Mamet1954, Borchs1966]. Juglandaceae: Juglans [McKenz1946a], Juglans regia [McKenz1946a]. Lamiaceae: Salvia [Brain1919]. Lauraceae: Camphora officinalis [Green1904a], Cinnamomum [McKenz1946a], Laurus nobilis [Hall1923, MerrilCh1923, Bodenh1924, Almeid1973b], Persea americana [McKenz1946a, GersonZo1973], Persea gratissima [DeLott1967a], Umbellularia californica [McKenz1946a]. Liliaceae: Aloe vera [RahmanAn1941], Asparagus [Takaha1933], Asparagus officinalis [Hall1923], Asparagus plumosus [McDani1968], Convallaria [Brain1919], Dracaena [Brain1919]. Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia [Brain1919], Lagerstroemia indica [RahmanAn1941]. Magnoliaceae: Liriodendron [Brain1919], Liriodendron lucidum [Merril1953], Michelia champaca [Green1900a]. Malvaceae: Abutilon [Brain1919], Hibiscus [RahmanAn1941], Hibiscus mutabilis [McDani1968]. Marantaceae: Maranta [Brain1919]. Meliaceae: Cedrela [Brain1919], Cedrela odorata [Wilson1917], Melia [Brain1919], Melia azedarach [McDani1968], Trichilia [Brain1919]. Menispermaceae: Cocculus [Merril1953, Dekle1965c]. Moraceae: Artocarpus [MerrilCh1923, McKenz1956, Beards1966], Artocarpus altilis [WilliaWa1988], Broussonetia papyrifera [RahmanAn1941, WilliaWa1988], Ficus [Lepage1938, RahmanAn1941, Balach1948b, Dekle1965c], Ficus benghalensis [RahmanAn1941], Ficus carica [Hall1923, Almeid1971], Ficus elastica [Wilson1917, RahmanAn1941], Ficus infectoria [Hall1923], Ficus religiosa [RahmanAn1941], Ficus roxburghii [RahmanAn1941], Morus [Hall1922, Ferris1953], Morus alba [Lepage1938, RahmanAn1941, Balach1948b]. Musaceae: Musa sapientum [Bodenh1924, RahmanAn1941, Cohic1958]. Myrsinaceae: Ardisia [Takaha1929], Maesa tenera [Takagi1969a]. Myrtaceae: Callistemon [Brain1919, McKenz1946a], Eucalyptus [Wilson1917, Brain1919, RahmanAn1941], Eugenia [Brain1919], Eugenia jambolana [RahmanAn1941], Myrtus [McKenz1946a, Bodenh1952], Psidium guajava [RahmanAn1941, Matile1984c], Tristania [Brain1919]. Nyctaginaceae: Bougainvillea [Brain1919]. Oleaceae: Forsythia [Brain1919], Jasminum [Hall1923, McKenz1946a], Jasminum humile [McDani1968], Jasminum pubescens [RahmanAn1941], Jasminum sambac [RahmanAn1941], Ligustrum [McKenz1946a, McKenz1956, RosenDe1979], Ligustrum japonicus [McDani1968], Ligustrum lucidum [Merril1953, Dekle1965c, McDani1968], Olea [Hall1922, Bodenh1952], Olea europaea [McKenz1946a], Osmanthus [Brain1919]. Orchidaceae: Cypripedium [Laing1929]. Pandanaceae: Pandanus [Wilson1917, Brain1919], Pandanus tectorius [Takaha1935]. Phytolaccaceae: Phytolacca dioica [Brain1919]. Pinaceae: Pinus [Hall1923], Pinus thunbergii [Takaha1932a, Takaha1933, Takagi1969a]. Pittosporaceae: Pittosporum [McKenz1946a]. Plumbaginaceae: Statice [Brain1919]. Poaceae: Bambusa [McKenz1946a], Bambusa vulgaris [WilliaWa1988], Cydonia vulgaris [Green1923b]. Podocarpaceae: Podocarpus [MerrilCh1923], Podocarpus chinensis [Kuwana1902], Podocarpus macrophyllus [Takagi1969a], Podocarpus neriifolius [Balach1930a, Balach1932d, Borchs1934, Borchs1936]. Proteaceae: Grevillea [Green1900a, Brain1919], Grevillea robusta [RahmanAn1941], Hakea [Brain1919]. Rhamnaceae: Rhamnus [Brain1919], Ziziphus [RahmanAn1941]. Rosaceae: Cotoneaster [McKenz1946a], Cotoneaster horizontalis [McKenz1946a], Cotoneaster microphylla [McKenz1946a], Heteromeles [RosenDe1979], Laurocerasus [McKenz1946a], Laurocerasus officinalis [McKenz1946a], Prunus domestica [Hall1922, Bodenh1926], Prunus tomentosa [McKenz1946a], Pyrus [DeLott1967a], Pyrus communis [Hall1923, Almeid1971], Pyrus cydonia [Hall1922], Pyrus malus [Hall1922], Rosa [Bodenh1937, Lepage1938, RahmanAn1941, Mamet1943a, McKenz1946a, Mamet1949, McKenz1956, Borchs1966], Rosa indica [WilliaWa1988], Spiraea [Brain1919]. Rubiaceae: Bouvardia [Brain1919], Coprosma [Brain1919]. Ruscaceae: Ruscus hypoglossum [Balach1930a], Ruscus hypophyllus [Hall1923]. Rutaceae: Aegle marmelos [RahmanAn1941], Choisya [Brain1919, McKenz1946a], Citrus [Mamet1943a, Mamet1949, Mamet1954, Mamet1954a, Borchs1966, UygunSeEr1998], Citrus [Ferris1921a, Takaha1929, Bodenh1930, Lepage1938, Takaha1939b, Takaha1942d, McKenz1946a, Bodenh1952], Citrus [MerrilCh1923, SengonUyKa1998], Citrus aurantium [Bodenh1924, Bodenh1926, Bodenh1928, Borchs1934, Takagi1975, WilliaWa1988], Citrus decumana [Green1896e], Citrus grandis [McKenz1946a, NakaoTaTa1977, WilliaWa1988], Citrus limon [Green1929, McKenz1946a, Almeid1973b, Martin1983, WilliaWa1988], Citrus maxima [WilliaWa1988], Citrus nobilis unshiu [Borchs1934], Citrus nobilis [Borchs1934], Citrus paradisi [WilliaWa1988], Citrus pomela [Green1896], Citrus reticulata [WilliaWa1988], Citrus sinensis [McKenz1946a, Takagi1969a], Murraya exotica [RahmanAn1941]. Salicaceae: Salix [Bodenh1924, Bodenh1937], Salix babylonica [Hall1923], Salix discolor [McKenz1946a]. Sapotaceae: Chrysophyllum [Brain1919]. Scrophulariaceae: Penstemon [Brain1919], Veronica [Brain1919]. Solanaceae: Capsicum frutescens [WilliaWa1988], Cestrum [Brain1919], Solanum [Hall1923]. Sterculiaceae: Dombeya [Brain1919], Dombeya acutangula [RahmanAn1941], Sterculia [Brain1919]. Strelitziaceae: Strelitzia [Brain1919], Strelitzia reginae [McKenz1946a]. Taxaceae: Taxus baccata [Borchs1936]. Taxodiaceae: Cryptomeria [Brain1919], Taxodium [Brain1919]. Theaceae: Camellia [McKenz1946a], Thea [Balach1956]. Verbenaceae: Clerodendrum [McKenz1946a], Duranta [Brain1919]. Vitaceae: Ampelopsis [Brain1919], Vitis [RahmanAn1941, McKenz1946a, Bodenh1952], Vitis vinifera [Hall1923, RahmanAn1941].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Angola [Almeid1973b]; Guinea [Balach1956]; Kenya [Balach1956, DeLott1967a]; Madagascar [Mamet1954, Borchs1966]; Mauritius [GrandpCh1899, Mamet1949, Borchs1966]; Mozambique [Almeid1971]; Reunion [Mamet1957]; Rodriques Island [Mamet1954a, Borchs1966]; Saint Helena [Matile1976]; South Africa [BrainKe1917, Newste1917b, Brain1919, McKenz1937, RosenDe1978, Bedfor1989a]; Sudan [Balach1956]; Tanzania [Newste1911a]; Uganda [Balach1956]; Zaire [Ghesqu1932]; Zanzibar [Balach1956]; Zimbabwe [Newste1917b, Hall1928, Balach1956]. Australasian: Australia [Mamet1943a] (New South Wales [Laing1929, RosenDe1978], Queensland [Brimbl1962a], Victoria [Laing1929]); Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) [Kuwana1909a, Mamet1943a]; Cook Islands [WilliaWa1988]; Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands [Takaha1942d]); Fiji [WilliaWa1988]; Marshall Islands [Beards1966]; New Caledonia [Cohic1958]; New Zealand [Spille1952]; Niue [WilliaWa1988]; Palau [Takaha1939b]; Papua New Guinea [WilliaWa1988]; Solomon Islands [WilliaWa1988]; Tonga [WilliaWa1988]; Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) [WilliaBu1987, WilliaWa1988]; Western Samoa [WilliaWa1988]. Nearctic: Mexico [MyartsRu2000] (Tamaulipas [LunaSaMa1995]); United States of America (California [Comsto1881a, McKenz1956, RosenDe1978, RosenDe1979], Florida [Wilson1917, MerrilCh1923, Merril1953, Dekle1965c], Mississippi [Herric1911], Texas [McKenz1937, McDani1968, RosenDe1978]). Neotropical: Argentina [McKenz1937, Mamet1943a, ClapsTe2001, GranarCl2003]; Brazil [WolffCo1993a] (Alagoas [WolffCo1993], Ceara [WolffCo1993], Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) [Lepage1938, WolffCo1993], Maranhao [WolffCo1993], Paraiba [WolffCo1993], Parana [WolffCo1993], Pernambuco [WolffCo1993], Rio Grande do Norte [WolffCo1993], Rio Grande do Sul [Lepage1938, WolffCo1993], Rio de Janeiro [Lepage1938, WolffCo1993], Santa Catarina [WolffCo1993], Sao Paulo [WolffCo1993]); Chile [McKenz1937, GonzalCh1968, Gonzal1989]; Galapagos Islands [CaustoPeSi2006]; Haiti [PerezG2008]; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island (Puerto Rico [Martor1976, ColonFMe1998]). Oriental: Burma (=Myanmar) [RosenDe1979]; China (Yunnan [Ferris1953]); Hong Kong [RosenDe1979]; India [Green1900a, McKenz1937, RosenDe1979] (Bihar [Ali1968], Punjab [RahmanAn1941], West Bengal [Nath1972]); Indonesia (Java [Green1904a]); Nepal [Takagi1975]; Pakistan [Janjua1959]; Philippines [VelasqRi1969] (Luzon [Velasq1971], Palawan [Velasq1971]); Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) [KinjoNaHi1996]; Sri Lanka [Green1896, Green1896e, Ramakr1921a]; Taiwan [Ferris1921a, Takaha1929, Takaha1932a, Takaha1934, Takagi1969a, WongChCh1999]; Thailand [Takaha1942b, NakaoTaTa1977]; Vietnam [DanzigKo1990]. Palaearctic: Afghanistan [Siddiq1966]; Algeria [SaighiDoBi2005]; Canary Islands [PerezGCa1987, MatileOr2001]; China [McKenz1937] [Tang1984] (Henan (=Honan) [Shen1993]); Crete [Ayouta1940]; Cyprus [Balach1932d, RosenDe1978]; Egypt [Hall1922, Balach1932d, Ezzat1958]; France [Balach1930a, Balach1932d]; Georgia (Abkhaz ASSR [Borchs1934, Borchs1936], Adzhar ASSR [Borchs1934], Georgia [Borchs1934]); Greece [Bodenh1928, Korone1934, RosenDe1978]; Iran [Bodenh1944b, Kaussa1955, Moghad2004]; Israel [Bodenh1924, Bodenh1930, Balach1932d, Bodenh1937, GersonZo1973, RosenDe1979]; Italy [Leonar1909, Leonar1920, Lupo1936, Viggia1970a, LongoMaPe1995]; Japan [Kuwana1902, Sakai1939, Kawai1980]; Lebanon [Bodenh1926, AbdulNMo2006]; Madeira Islands [Green1923b, CarvalAg1997]. Palaearctic: Mongolia [DanzigKo1990]. Palaearctic: Morocco [Balach1932d, RosenDe1978]; Saudi Arabia [Beccar1971, Matile1984c]; Sicily [RosenDe1978, InserrCa1987]; Spain [GomezM1937, Martin1983, BlayGo1993]; Syria [Balach1932d]; Tunisia [Balach1932d]; Turkey [Bodenh1949, Bodenh1952, SengonUyKa1998, UygunSeEr1998, ErlerTu2001, KaydanUlEr2007].
BIOLOGY: The California red scale (CRS) is a biparental, ovoviviparous species, that may infest all the above-ground parts of host plants (Ferris, 1938a; Bartlett, 1978). Crawlers of CRS responded to various solutions behind artificial membranes by secreting wax threads that form the scale cover. This response was used to evaluate gustatory stimuli responsible for crawler settling (Walker & Bendar, 1986). The sex pheromne of CRS has been identified and synthesized (Roelofs et al., 1978). Millar & Hare (1993) isolated and identified a kairomone from the scale cover, which functions as an oviposition stimulant.
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Leonardi (1910), Kuwana (1933), Ferris (1938a), McKenzie (1938, 1956), Balachowsky (1948b, 1956), Takagi (1969a), Velasquez (1971), Chou (1985, 1986), Tereznikova (1986), Williams & Watson (1988), Gill (1997) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998).
STRUCTURE: Scale of the female circular, quite flat, exuviae central, the scale itself actually quite thin and pale permitting the red-brown colour of the heavily sclerotized adult female to show through. Scale of the male elongate oval, color paler than in the female, exuvia slightly toward one end (Ferris, 1938a). Colour photograph by Gonzalez (1989), Katsoyannos (1996), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Gill (1997) and by Wong et al. (1999) and by Claps & Wolff (2003).
SYSTEMATICS: For a detailed discussion on the differences between Aonidiella aurantii and Aonidiella citrina refer to Nel (1933); McKenzie, (1937); Compere (1961), and to Remarks of Aonidiella citrina.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND CONTROL: The California red scale, is the most important pest of citrus pest in most citrus-growing areas of the world (Quayle, 1911a, 1938a; Bodenheimer, 1951; Ebeling, 1959; Rosen & DeBach, 1978). Besides the extensive research on chemical control (see Citation) there were extensive studies on biological control of this pest (Compere, 1961; Rosen & DeBach, 1978).
KEYS: Ben-Dov 2006: 55-57 (female) [World (33 species)]; Claps & Teran 2001: 392 (female) [South America]; Gill 1997: 44 (female) [Species of California]; Danzig 1993: 159 (female) [Europe]; Williams & Watson 1988: 35 (female) [Tropical South Pacific]; Tereznikova 1986: 85 (female) [Ukraine]; Chou 1985: 292 (female) [Species of China]; Kawai 1980: 211 (female) [Japan]; Gerson & Zor 1973: 516 (female) [Israel]; Velasquez 1971: 118 (female) [Philippines]; McDaniel 1968: 210 (female) [U.S.A.: Texas]; Beardsley 1966: 509 (female) [Federated States of Micronesia]; Ezzat 1958: 240 (female) [Egypt]; Balachowsky 1956: 25 (female) [Africa]; McKenzie 1956: 24 (female) [U.S.A.: California]; Lupo 1954a: 41 (female) [Italy]; McKenzie 1953: 36 (female) [World]; Balachowsky 1948b: 362 (female) [Mediterranean]; McKenzie 1946: 33 (female) [World]; Ferris 1942: 29 (female) [North America]; McKenzie 1942b: 144-145 (female) [World]; McKenzie 1938: 17-18 (female) [World]; McKenzie 1937a: 178 (female) [World]; McKenzie 1937: 330 (female) [World ]; Lupo 1936: 261 (female) [World]; Kuwana 1933: 26 (female) [Japan]; Kuwana 1933b: 49 (female) [Japan]; Fullaway 1932: 95-97, 107 (female) [Hawaii]; Britton 1923: 376 (female) [U.S.A.: Connecticut]; Leonardi 1920: 75 (female) [Italy]; Brain 1919: 198 (female) [South Africa]; Lawson 1917: 210 (female) [U.S.A.: Kansas]; Robinson 1917: 24 (female) [Philippines]; Dietz & Morrison 1916a: 289-290, 307 (female) [U.S.A.: Indiana]; Newstead 1901b: 81 (female) [England]; Green 1896e: 40 (female) [Sri Lanka]; Comstock 1883: 55-57 (female) [North America].
CITATIONS: Abbas1992 [host, distribution, life history: 477-485]; Abbass1980 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-166]; AbdelFElDa1978a [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 74-78]; AbdElKDaKo1988 [chemical control, biological control: 270-275]; Abdelr1973 [economic importance, chemical control, biological control: 119-133]; Abdelr1974 [life history, ecology, biological control: 203-212]; Abdelr1974a [life history, ecology, biological control: 213-220]; Abdelr1974b [life history, ecology, biological control: 231-247]; AbdRab2001a [host, distribution, biological control: 174-176]; AbdRab2005b [host, distribution, biological control: 159]; AbdulNMo2006 [host, distribution: 517-520]; AblesRi1981 [biological control, economic importance: 273]; AbouEl2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 185-195]; AbulNaSwAh1975b [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 149-159]; Aldric1996 [life history, physiology, chemistry: 201-204]; Alexan1980 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 555-560]; Alexan1981 [host, distribution, economic importance: 12-25]; Alexan1983 [host, distribution, life history: 831-838]; AlexanMi1982 [host, distribution, life history: 639-644]; Alfier1929 [host, distribution: 7-9]; Ali1968 [host, distribution: 132]; Almeid1971 [host, distribution: 6,8]; Almeid1973b [host, distribution: 8]; AltierNi1999 [biological control: 975-991]; AltierNi1999 [biological control: 17-44]; Amin1981 [host, distribution, life history: 1-11]; AndersAdCh1980 [chemistry, pheromone: 2229-2236]; Andrie1932 [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; Anneck1963 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 195-225]; AnneckIn1971 [host, distribution, biological control: 14]; Archan1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 95-96]; ArgovZcRo1995 [life history, biological control: 315-320]; Argyri1969 [biological control: 817-822]; Argyri1970 [host, distribution, biological control: 57-65]; Argyri1974 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 89-94]; Argyri1979a [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 517-520]; Argyri1986 [host, distribution, biological control: 545-548]; Argyri1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 579-583]; ArgyriMo1983 [host, distribution, economic importance: 623-627]; ArgyriStMo1976 [host, distribution, biological control: 24-25]; AsplanGa1998 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 637-646]; AsplanGa2001 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 54-67]; AsquitCrHo1980 [control, chemistry, economic importance]; Atkins1977 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 65-87]; Atkins1983 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 239-258]; Atkins1983a [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 417-426]; AungLeJe2001 [host, distribution, chemical control: 93-100]; AungLeJe2004 [chemical control: 45-50]; AvidovBaGe1970 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 191-207]; AvidovRo1965 [biological control: 572-573]; AvidovRoGe1963 [biological control, economic importance, chemical control, host, distribution: 205-212]; Ayouta1940 [host, distribution: 2-4]; AytasYuMa2001 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 653-664]; Azeved1923A [host, distribution: 86-90]; Baker1976 [biological control, life history: 1-25]; Balach1930a [host, distribution: 179]; Balach1932d [taxonomy, host, distribution: XII, XLVIII]; Balach1948b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 366-370]; Balach1950e [chemical control, biological control: 220-223]; Balach1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 29-32]; Ballou1912 [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; Ballou1912a [host, distribution: 412-425]; Ballou1913 [host, distribution: 61-65]; Banks1990 [physiology, chemistry: 267-274]; Barany1953 [life history, chemistry, physiology, structure: 202-209]; Barnes1930 [biological control: 319-329]; Bartle1953a [chemical control, biological control: 565-569]; Bartle1963 [chemical control, biological control: 694-698]; Bartle1964 [chemical control, biological control: 489-511]; BartleFi1950 [biological control: 802-806]; BarZakPeHe1989 [life history, physiology: 1228-1231]; BasuNaCh1969 [economic importance, host, distribution: 169-178]; BatraSaSo1989 [host, distribution, economic importance: 161-162]; BazaroSh1970 [host, distribution, taxonomy: 109-111]; Beards1966 [host, distribution: 509]; BeardsDaHo1976 [economic importance: 103]; BeardsGo1975 [economic importance: 49]; Beatti1977 [chemical control: 5-6]; Beatti1986 [host, distribution, economic importance, ecology: 25-29]; BeattiGe1983 [host, distribution: 220-226]; BeattiHu1988 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 386]; BeattiRi1980 [chemical control: 171-174]; Beccar1971 [host, distribution: 193]; Bedfor1968a [biological control, economic importance: 1-15]; Bedfor1968b [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-14]; Bedfor1969 [chemical control, biological control: 3-10]; Bedfor1973 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 5-11]; Bedfor1981 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-6]; Bedfor1989a [economic importance, life history, host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 1-4]; Bedfor1990 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 507-513]; Bedfor1998 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control, economic importance, life history: 132-144]; Bedfor2001 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history, chemical control, biological control: 175-180]; BedforBo1981 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-15]; BedforCi1994 [host, distribution, biological control: 143-179]; BedforDe1984 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-7]; BedforDo1977 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-10]; BedforGe1978 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history, chemical control, biological control: 109-242]; BedforGr1983 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 616-620]; BedforVaDe1998 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control, biological control]; BedforVeDe1985 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-15]; BedforVeKo1992 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-112]; BellowMo1988 [chemical control, biological control: 892-898]; BellowVa1999 [ecology, biological control: 199-223]; Benass1958 [biological control, chemical control: 867-872]; Benass1959 [biological control: 283-291]; Benass1959b [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 867-872]; Benass1961b [host, distribution, ecology: 1-157]; Benass1965a [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control, economic importance, life history: 112-125]; Benass1969 [biological control: 793-799]; BenassAlLi1984 [host, distribution: 325-327]; BenassBi1967 [host, distribution: 247-256]; BenassBi1974 [distribution, biological control: 39-50]; BenassEu1966 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 19-26]; BenassEu1967 [biological control: 449-459]; BenassEu1968 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-60]; BenassEu1970 [biological control: 95-100]; BenassEu1970a [host, distribution, biological control: 357-372]; BenassViRo1979 [biological control: 281-287]; BenDov1990a [taxonomy: 89]; BenDov2006 [taxonomy, distribution: 55-57]; BenDov2006a [host, distribution: 206]; BenDovGe2003 [catalogue: 83-110]; BenDovRo1969 [biological control, life history, economic importance: 1057-1060]; BenfatCa1996 [host, distribution, chemical control: 38,73-76]; Bennan1972 [chemical control: 47-63]; BennetRoCo1976 [biological control, economic importance: 359-395]; BerlesLe1899 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 265-273]; BiezanFr1939 [host, distribution: 1-18]; BiezanSe1940 [host, distribution: 67-68]; BilogOMo2000 [host, distribution, biological control: 137-147]; BlayGo1993 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 518-522]; BlissBrWa1931 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 1222-1229]; Blumbe1971 [economic importance, biological control: 434-440]; Blumbe1973a [host, distribution, biological control: 125-131]; Blumbe1976 [biological control: 131-139]; Blumbe1990 [structure, biological control: 221-228]; Blumbe1997 [biological control, ecology: 225-236]; BlumbeDe1979 [life history, biological control: 299-306]; BlumbeIsGo1994 [chemical control, biological control: 434-440]; BlumbeIsGo1994 [chemical control, biological control: 434-440]; BlumbeLu1990 [life history, biological control: 591-597]; BlumbeSw1974 [host, distribution, biological control: 437-443]; BlumbeSw1974a [biological control: 3-11]; BlumbeSw1982a [biological control: 67-76]; BoboyeCa1975 [chemical control: 473-476]; Bodenh1924 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 34-36]; Bodenh1926 [host, distribution: 42]; Bodenh1928 [host, distribution: 191]; Bodenh1930 [host, distribution: 4]; Bodenh1934 [life history, taxonomy, ecology, host: 139-148]; Bodenh1935 [host, distribution: 247]; Bodenh1936 [taxonomy: 4]; Bodenh1937 [host, distribution: 217]; Bodenh1938 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, biological control, economic importance: 6-7]; Bodenh1944b [host, distribution: 93]; Bodenh1949 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 72-75]; Bodenh1951 [structure: 133]; Bodenh1951a [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance, chemical control, biological control: 202-274]; Bodenh1952 [host, distribution: 345]; Bodkin1925 [host, distribution, chemical control: 143-149]; BogranHeCi2002 [biological control: 653-668]; Bondar1914 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1064-1106]; Bondar1915 [host, distribution, economic importance: 44-47]; Borchs1934 [host, distribution, economic importance: 30-31]; Borchs1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 121]; Borchs1937a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 63-65]; Borchs1939 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 8,18]; Borchs1949d [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 234]; Borchs1950b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 219,221]; Borchs1966 [catalogue: 292-294]; Borer2002 [life history, ecology, biological control: 957-965]; BorerMuSw2004 [biological control: 677-678]; BorianNi1995 [chemical control: 43]; BourijBo1982 [life history, ecology: 303-315]; Boyce1928 [chemical control, physiology: 715-720]; Boyce1948 [host, distribution, economic importance, control ]; Boyce1950 [host, distribution, economic importance: 741-766]; BoyceKaPe1939 [chemical control: 432-450]; Brain1919 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 199-200]; BrainKe1917 [distribution: 184]; Brewer1971 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 53-63]; Brick1912 [host, distribution: 1-22]; Brimbl1962 [host, distribution, economic importance: 219]; Brimbl1962a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 404-408]; Britto1923 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 376-377]; Brock1925 [chemical control: 349,366]; BrownPo1990 [biological control: 527-533]; BruwerDe1988 [host, distribution, biological control: 12-16]; BurgerUl1990 [economic importance: 313-327]; Burke1930 [host, distribution, biological control: 783-785]; Bustsh1958 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 220,245]; Busvin1954 [physiology, chemistry: 60-65]; Buxton1920 [host, distribution: 287-303]; CABI1968 [host, distribution: 1-2]; CABI1996 [host, distribution: 1-5]; Calkin1983 [distribution, economic importance: 321-359]; Caltag1985 [taxonomy, biological control: 189-200]; Caltag1999 [ecology, life history: 217]; CameroCa1969 [host, biological control, life history: 694-696]; Campbe1970 [chemical control: 20]; Campbe1972 [host, distribution, biological control: 43]; Campbe1975 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 161-164]; Campbe1976MM [host, distribution, biological control: 659-668]; Cangar1960 [host, distribution, chemical control: 69-77]; Carman1948 [chemical control: 1]; Carman1953 [chemical control: 307-308]; Carman1956 [chemical control: 103-111]; Carman1981 [host, distribution: 7,9,11]; CarmanElEw1954 [host, distribution, chemical control : 1-11]; CarmanEw1950 [chemical control: 15A-16A]; CarmanEw1950a [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1951 [host, distribution, chemical control: 1-16]; CarmanEwJe1956 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1957 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1958 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1959 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1960 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1961 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1962 [chemical control]; CarmanEwJe1976 [host, distribution, control: 14-68]; CarmanEwRi1980 [host, distribution, control: 14-77]; CarmanLi1956 [chemical control: 534-539]; Carmin1936 [biological control: 173-175]; CarminSc1931 [host, distribution, economic importance, control: 242-274]; Carnes1907 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 214]; CarotGaLa2003 [life history, ecology, host, distribution: 103-106]; Carrol1979 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 1-145]; CarrolLu1984 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 847-853]; CarrolLu1984a [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 179-183]; CarvalAg1997 [life history, description, economic importance, biological control, host, distribution: 249-257]; CasasNiSw2000 [biological control: 185-193]; CasasSwMu2004 [biological control: 657-665]; Castel1951a [biological control: 95-98]; CasuOnGe1999 [host, distribution, pheromone, control: 69-72]; Catlin1971 [host, distribution, biological control: 393-411]; Catlin1971a [host, distribution, biological control: 5-9]; CaustoPeSi2006 [distribution: 137]; Cendan1937 [host, biological control: 337-339]; Charle1998 [distribution, economic importance, biological control: 51N,]; CharleHe2002 [host, distribution, economic importance: 587-615]; CharmoGe1921 [host, distribution: 188]; Chen1936 [taxonomy: 211]; Chiesa1948 [host, distribution, economic importance]; Chiesa1948a [host, distribution, economic importance]; Chorle1939 [host, distribution]; Chou1947a [chemical control: 34]; Chou1985 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 292-295]; Chou1986 [taxonomy, illustration: 446]; Chou1986 [taxonomy, illustration: 676]; ChuaWo1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 543-552]; ClapsDo2003 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 17]; ClapsTe2001 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 392-394]; ClapsWoGo2001a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 11]; ClarkFr1932 [economic importance, life history, host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 1-35]; Clause1956 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control]; Clause1958 [economic importance, biological control: 291-310]; Clause1958a [host, distribution, biological control: 443-447]; CliftBe1993 [life history, chemical control: 470-472]; Cocker1893cc [host, distribution: 101]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy, distribution: 334]; Cocker1897i [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 13,29]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 396]; Cocker1900k [taxonomy: 350]; Cohen1969 [biological control, economic importance: 769-772]; Cohen1975 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 38-41]; CohenPoEl1994 [chemical control, biological control: 183-190]; Cohic1958 [host, distribution: 12]; ColazzPeBu2007 [control, pheromone: 35-41]; Collar1918 [host, distribution: 154-162]; Collie1995 [life history, biological control, host, distribution: 206-214]; CollieMuNi1994 [life history, biological control, host, distribution: 299-306]; Collin1950 [host, distribution, economic importance: 158-160]; CollinLaBo1994 [host, distribution, physiology, chemical control: 325-326]; ColonFMe1998 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 35-36]; Comper1926 [host, distribution, biological control: 33-50]; Comper1936 [host, distribution, biological control]; Comper1936a [biological control, host, distribution: 493-496]; Comper1953 [biological control: 35-46]; Comper1955 [biological control: 271-319]; Comper1961 [taxonomy, host, distribution, biological control, economic importance: 173-278]; Comper1961a [biological control: 17-71]; Comper1963 [host, distribution, biological control: 493-496]; Comper1969 [biological control: 755-764]; Comper1969a [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 5-10]; ComperAn1961 [host, distribution, biological control: 17]; ComperFlSm1941 [biological control: 291,301]; ComperSm1927 [biological control: 63-73]; Comsto1881 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 8-9]; Comsto1881a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 293-295]; Comsto1883 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 59]; Cook1909 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, chemical control: 15]; Coquil1888 [chemical control: 123-133]; Coquil1890a [chemical control: 9-17]; Coquil1891a [chemical control, taxonomy: 19-36]; CoronaRuMo1997 [host, distribution: 38-41]; CostaL1942 [taxonomy: 284]; CostaL1949 [host, distribution, biological control: 65-87]; CostaLRa1922 [host, distribution: 1101]; Costan1956a [host, distribution, economic importance: 74-79]; CostilOsBa1970 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 57-65]; Cottie1956 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control, biological control: 209-215]; Coy1938 [biological control: 445-446]; Craw1906 [host, distribution: 139-158]; Creigh1942 [host, distribution, control: 219-233]; Cressm1941 [chemical control: 859]; Cressm1943 [host, distribution, chemical control: 17-26]; Cressm1943a [chemical control: 413-419]; Cressm1955 [chemical control: 216-217]; Cressm1956 [chemical control: 406,408]; Cressm1957 [chemical control: 593-595]; Cressm1958 [chemical control: 911-912]; CressmBr1943 [chemical control: 439-441]; CressmBr1944 [chemical control: 809-813]; CressmBr1953 [chemical control: 907]; CressmBrMu1954 [chemical control: 379,392,395]; CressmBrMu1954a [chemical control: 100-102]; CressmBrMu1957 [chemical control: 1-7]; CressmMuBr1949 [chemical control: 332,350,351]; CressmMuBr1950 [chemical control: 610-614]; CressmMuBr1953 [chemical control: 1070-1074]; CressmMuBr1954 [chemical control: 424-440,441,444]; Crouze1971 [biological control: 200]; Crouze1973 [host, distribution, biological control: 15-39]; CrouzeBiZa1973 [host, distribution, biological control: 251-318]; CrouzeJu1970 [host, distribution, control: 56]; DaaneMiTa2002 [biological control: 36-38]; DahlstHa1999 [economic importance: 919-933]; DahmsSm1994 [host, distribution, biological control: 245-255]; DaneelMeJa1994 [host, distribution: 72-74]; Danzig1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution, economic importance: 206-207]; Danzig1993 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 161-162]; DanzigKo1990 [host, distribution: 45]; DanzigPe1998 [catalogue: 181-182]; DarvasFaKo1985 [chemical control: 347-350]; DarvasVa1990 [chemical control: 393-408]; DavidsDiFl1991 [chemical control: 1-47]; DavidsMi1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 603-632]; Davies1982 [chemical control, biological control: 77-84]; DaviesMc1977 [physiology, chemical control, biological control: 323-328]; Dean1955 [biological control: 444-447]; DeBach1948 [host, distribution, biological control: 985]; DeBach1951a [biological control: 443-447]; DeBach1958 [host, distribution, biological control, ecology: 187-194]; DeBach1958a [biological control: 759-768]; DeBach1958b [host, distribution, ecology: 187-194]; DeBach1960 [host, distribution, biological control: 701-705]; DeBach1962a [distribution, economic importance, biological control: 17-25]; DeBach1962c [biological control, host, distribution: 686-690]; DeBach1964 [biological control]; DeBach1964b [biological control: 673-713]; DeBach1964c [host, distribution, biological control, ecology, life history, economic importance: 221-224]; DeBach1964d [biological control: 5-18]; DeBach1965 [biological control, ecology: 848-863]; DeBach1966 [host, distribution, biological control, ecology, life history : 183-212]; DeBach1969 [biological control: 801-815]; DeBach1969a [biological control: 11-28]; DeBach1971 [biological control: 293-307]; DeBach1971a [biological control: 211-233]; DeBach1974 [biological control]; DeBach1977 [distribution, biological control: 6-7]; DeBachAr1967 [host, distribution, biological control: 325-342]; DeBachBa1951 [chemical control, biological control: 372-383]; DeBachBa1964 [biological control: 402-426]; DeBachDiFl1949 [biological control: 546-547]; DeBachDiFl1950 [biological control: 783-802]; DeBachDiFl1951 [biological control: 347-348]; DeBachFiLa1955 [biological control, life history: 742-753]; DeBachFlDi1949 [biological control: 12,14]; DeBachHeRo1978 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 1-35]; DeBachHu1971 [biological control: 113-140]; DeBachHuMa1976 [biological control: 255-285]; DeBachLa1959 [biological control: 301-304]; DeBachLaJe1959 [biological control: 12,15]; DeBachLaWh1955 [biological control, economic importance, host, distribution: 254,271-275]; DeBachLaWh1962 [biological control, economic importance: 2-3]; DeBachRa1968 [biological control: 332-337]; DeBachRo1976a [host, distribution, biological control: 541-545]; DeBachRo1991 [biological control]; DeBachRoKe1971 [biological control: 165-194]; DeBachSi1960 [biological control: 153-160]; DeBachSu1963 [biological control: 105-166]; DeBachWh1960 [life history, biological control: 4-58]; DEDAC1923 [host, distribution]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 33]; Dekle1965c [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 19]; Dekle1976 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 30]; DeLott1967a [host, distribution: 112]; Delucc1965 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history, biological control: 739-788]; Delucc1969 [biological control: 871-874]; DeluccRoSc1976 [taxonomy, biological control: 81-91]; Dent1991 [host, distribution, economic importance]; deOngKnCh1927 [host, distribution, chemical control: 351-384]; DeSant1940 [biological control: 29-44]; DeSant1941a [host, distribution, biological control: 21-24]; DeSant1979 [biological control]; DeStef1910 [host, distribution: 189-196]; Dickso1941 [chemical control, physiology, structure: 515-522]; Dickso1951 [structure, life history: 596-602]; DicksoLi1947 [host, distribution, economic importance: 6-7,34]; DicksoLi1947a [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control: 524,542-544]; Dietri1981 [biological control, economic importance, host, distribution: 151-160]; DietzMo1916a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 289,307-308]; Dikov1965 [host, distribution, control: 8-9]; Dingle1924 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history: 368]; Dohani1937 [host, distribution, biological control: 243-247]; DomingPiVe2003 [chemical control, biological control: 117]; DomingViZa2003 [chemical control: 119]; Doutt1959 [biological control: 161-182]; Dowson1935 [host, distribution: 225]; Dozier1933 [host, distribution, biological control: 85-100]; Drea1990 [biological control: 51-59]; DreistClFl1994 [taxonomy, life history, economic importance, control]; Dry1921 [host, distribution: 103-104]; Dunkel1999 [chemistry, life history: 251-276]; DuToit1996 [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 526-529]; Dutta1990 [host, distribution: 152-163]; DziedzKa1990 [host, distribution: 39-43]; Early1984 [host, distribution, biological control: 271-308]; Ebelin1931 [chemical control: 669-672]; Ebelin1932 [chemical control: 1007-1012]; Ebelin1933 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 851-854]; Ebelin1934 [biological control: 362-363]; Ebelin1936 [chemical control, life history: 95-25]; Ebelin1940 [chemical control: 92-102]; Ebelin1945 [chemical control: 556-563]; Ebelin1947 [chemical control: 619-632]; Ebelin1949 [host, distribution, life history, control]; EbelinPe1953 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-35]; Edward1936 [host, distribution, economic importance: 335-337]; Efimof1937 [host, distribution]; EHG1897 [host, distribution: 67-85]; Ehrhor1926c [host, distribution: 20]; EhrhorFuSw1913 [distribution: 295-300]; ElekciSe2007 [host, didtribution, biological control: 29-34]; Elguet1932 [biological control: 85]; ElirazRo1978 [biological control: 96-101]; ElKaouGuCh2004 [host, distribution, biological control, life history: 169-179]; ElmerBr1982 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 699-700]; ElmerBrEw1980 [host, distribution, economic importance: 20-21]; ElMinsElHa1974 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 223-232]; ElzenKi1999 [biological control: 253-270]; EMPPO2004c [host, distribution]; ErichsSaHa1991 [biological control: 493-498]; ErlerTu2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 299-305]; Ervin1982 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-174]; ErvinGaBa1986 [host, distribution, economic importance: 71-77]; Esaki1940a [host, distribution: 274-280]; Essig1949 [host, distribution: 673-677]; EssigCh1909 [host, distribution, taxonomy: 1-14]; EtzelLe1999 [biological control: 125-197]; Euvert1967 [biological control: 59-100]; Evans1942 [host, distribution, taxonomy, chemical control: 156-159]; Evans1943 [host, distribution, taxonomy, chemical control]; EvansPr1990 [biological control: 3-17]; Ewart1969 [chemical control: 879-880]; EwartCaJe1954 [chemical control: 1-11]; EwingYaBa2002 [host, distribution, ecology, biological control: 35-50]; Ezzat1958 [distribution: 240]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 86]; EzzatRa1966 [control: 1-46]; FargerMo1974 [life history, chemistry, biological control: 26-28]; Fawcet1948 [biological control: 627-664]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 287-288]; FernanWa1997 [biological control: 137-144]; FernanWa1999 [biological control, life history: 416-425]; Ferris1921a [host, distribution: 219]; Ferris1937c [taxonomy: 50,60]; Ferris1938a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 179]; Ferris1941e [taxonomy: 41-43]; Ferris1942 [taxonomy: 446:29]; Ferris1953 [host, distribution: 65]; FinneyFi1964 [biological control: 328-355]; Fisher1964 [biological control: 305-325]; FisherDe1976 [biological control: 43-50]; Flande1934a [biological control: 723-724]; Flande1936a [biological control: 1023-1024]; Flande1940b [biological control: 245-253]; Flande1942c [biological control, life history: 834-835]; Flande1943a [biological control: 233-235]; Flande1943b [biological control: 78]; Flande1944a [biological control: 365-371]; Flande1945a [biological control: 711-712]; Flande1945b [life history, biological control: 122-141]; Flande1947 [host, biological control: 746-747]; Flande1949 [biological control: 160-162]; Flande1949a [biological control: 257-274]; Flande1950a [biological control: 719-720]; Flande1951b [biological control: 93-98]; Flande1953 [biological control: 10-28]; Flande1953a [host, distribution, biological control, economic importance: 266-269]; Flande1954 [biological control: 343-352]; Flande1958a [biological control: 579-584]; Flande1959b [biological control: 125-142]; Flande1962 [biological control: 1133-1147]; Flande1966 [biological control: 79-82]; Flande1969 [biological control: 29-33]; Flande1971 [biological control, life history : 857-872]; FlandeGrFi1958 [biological control, economic importance: 65-91]; Flesch1960 [biological control: 183-208]; Fletch1951 [host, distribution, chemical control: 1-24]; FlintVa1981 [biological control: 1]; Foldi1982 [structure, taxonomy: 317-330]; Foldi1990 [structure: 43-54]; Foldi1990d [life history, structure: 257-265]; Foldi2001 [distribution: 303-308]; FoldiPe1978 [structure: 321-337]; FonsecAu1932a [host, distribution: 202-214]; ForsteLu1996 [host, distribution, biological control: 504-507]; ForsteLuGr1995 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, taxonomy, illustrations: 1-12]; FoxWil1939 [host, distribution, economic importance: 2296]; Frogga1914 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 132-133]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 9]; FrohliRo1970 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-10]; Fryer1936 [host, distribution, economic importance]; FuesteKoFo2004 [control: 1861-1867]; Fullaw1932 [taxonomy: 97,107]; Fuller1897c [host, distribution: 3]; Fuller1907 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance, control: 1031-1055]; FultonBu1943 [chemical control: 628-629]; Furnes1977 [chemical control: 220/622]; FurnesBuGe1983 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 199-212]; Fursch1985 [biological control: 223-231]; Gaprin1954 [biological control: 587-597]; Garcia1930 [host, distribution, biological control]; Garcia1931a [host, distribution, biological control: 659-669]; Garcia1931a [host, distribution, biological control]; Garcia2003 [biological control]; GarciaRo1995 [host, distribution, life history, chemical control: 118-125]; GardneErMo1983 [economic importance, life history, biological control: 601-604]; Gavalo1931 [host, distribution: 8]; Gavalo1936 [host, distribution: 81-82]; Geerin1962 [chemical control: 595-602]; Gennad1881 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 189-192]; Gennad1904 [host, distribution: 4-5]; Georga1963a [economic importance, control: 5,7]; Georga1964a [chemical control: 3-15]; Georga1967 [chemical control: 3,5]; Georga1983 [chemical control: 75-76]; Georga1984 [economic importance, chemical control: 13-18]; Georga1984a [chemical control: 9-12]; GeorgaBuHo1972 [chemical control: 16-22]; GeorghMe1983 [life history, chemical control: 1-46]; GeorghTa1976 [chemical control: 759]; Gerson1967c [host, distribution, biological control: 632-638]; GersonIz1997 [biological control: 33-42]; GersonOcHo1990 [biological control: 77-97]; GersonOcHo1990 [biological control: 77-97]; GersonRo1982 [biological control: 150-154]; GersonZo1973 [taxonomy, life history, host, distribution, economic importance: 513-533]; Ghabbo1995 [taxonomy: 379-387]; Ghauri1962 [taxonomy, structure: 211]; Ghesqu1927 [host, distribution: 310-316]; Ghesqu1932 [host, distribution: 59]; Giesel1990 [life history, chemistry: 221-224]; Giesel1990a [chemistry: 225-232]; GieselHeAn1980 [life history, chemistry, pheromone: 179-182]; GieselRi1990 [life history, ecology, chemistry: 349-352]; Giliom1981 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 6-12]; Gill1997 [host, distribution, taxonomy, description, illustration, economic importance: 7,44-47]; Glover1935 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 151-153]; GomezC1950 [host, distribution, biological control : 1-18]; GomezM1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 84-88]; GomezM1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, biological control: 42-49]; GomezM1957 [host, distribution: 48]; GomezM1958a [host, distribution: 8]; Gonzal1969 [biological control: 839-848]; Gonzal1989 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 93]; GonzalCh1968 [distribution: 110]; GonzalRo1967 [biological control, distribution: 138]; Gordh1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 125-148]; Gordh1979 [biological control: 893-896,900,907,911,]; Gordh1994 [biological control: 188-205]; GordhBe1999 [taxonomy, biological control: 45-55]; GordhDe1978 [life history, biological control: 1-39]; Gowdey1921 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 31]; GraebnMoBa1984 [host, distribution, biological control, ecology, life: 27-33]; Grafto1994 [chemical control: 7-9]; Grafto2000a [chemical control: 107-113]; GraftoLeSt2006 [chemical control, biological control: 733-744]; GraftoMoOC2000 [host, distribution, control]; GraftoOu1993 [chemical control: 21-29]; GraftoOuSa1998 [host, distribution, economic importance, chemical control, life history, physiology: 812-819]; GraftoOuSt2001 [distribution, chemical control, resistance: 20-25]; GraftoRe1995 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, chemical control: 1717-1725]; GraftoStOu1996 [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 553-555]; GraftoVe1995 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, chemical control: 495-504]; GrahamSt1996 [host, distribution, chemical control: 640-651]; GranarCl2003 [host, distribution: 625-637]; GrandpCh1899 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 22-23]; GrayKi1929 [chemical control: 878-892]; GreanyViLe1984 [biological control: 690-696]; Greath1971 [host, distribution, biological control ]; Greath1976 [biological control, economic importance ]; Greath1986 [biological control: 289-318]; Greath1989 [biological control: 28-37]; Greath1990 [life history, ecology: 305-308]; Green1896 [host, distribution: 4]; Green1896e [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 40,58-59]; Green1900a [host, distribution: 71]; Green1900c [host, distribution: 2]; Green1904a [host, distribution: 208]; Green1907 [host, distribution: 203]; Green1923b [host, distribution: 89]; Green1929 [host, distribution: 377]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 331]; Greig1944 [host, distribution, control]; GressiFl1949 [biological control: 150]; GriffiHoLu1985 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-6]; GroutDuHo1989 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 793-798]; GroutRi1989 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 277-283]; GroutRi1989a [life history, biological control, chemistry: 11-13]; GroutRi1991 [host, distribution, chemical control: 1802-1805]; GroutRi1991a [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 20-27]; GroutRi1992 [host, distribution, chemical control: 1-7]; GroutRiSt1992 [chemical control: 34-36]; GruwelMoNo2007 [taxonomy, endosymbionts]; GumusUy1992 [host, distribution, life history: 209-216]; Haas1934 [chemistry, chemical control, physiology: 477-492]; HabibSaAm1971 [host, distribution, life history: 318-330]; HabibSaAm1972 [host, distribution, life history: 324-338]; HabibSaAm1972a [host, distribution, life history: 378-385]; Hadzib1983 [host, distribution: 229]; HakkonPi1984 [biological control: 1109-1121]; Hall1922 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 32-33]; Hall1923 [host, distribution: 46]; Hall1924a [host, distribution, economic importance: 4-5]; Hall1928 [host, distribution: 276]; Hall1969 [economic importance: 823-826]; HallFo1933 [host, distribution, economic importance: 1-55]; HammadKaRa1981 [host, distribution, economic importance: 252-268]; HanksDe1998 [life history, ecology: 239-262]; Hanson1963 [host, didtribution: 1-155]; HardieMi1999 [chemistry, life history]; Hardis1941 [control: 283,308-309]; HardmaCr1941 [chemical control, physiology: 187]; Hare1983 [host, distribution, life history: 655]; Hare1996 [host, chemistry, life history, biological control: 263-269]; HareLu1991 [life history, biological control, host: 1576-1585]; HareMiLu1993 [biological control, chemistry, ecology: 92-94]; HareMo1997 [host, distribution, biological control: 207-214]; HareMo2000 [life history, ecology, biological control, chemistry: 509-519]; HareMoNg1997 [life history, biological control: 73-81]; HareYuLu1990 [host, life history: 1451-1460]; HarpazRo1971 [biological control: 458-468]; Harris1990 [biological control: 61-66]; Harris1997 [host, distribution, biological control: 65]; Hart1980 [biological control: 154-156]; Hart1990 [life history, ecology, distribution, economic importance: 353-356]; Hassan1999 [chemical control: 23-29]; HassanSu1997 [chemical control: 415-418]; HasselWa1984 [biological control, ecology: 89-114]; Hattin1996 [chemical control, biological control: 14-17]; Hattin1996a [host, distribution, biological control: 710]; HattinSa1990 [biological control: 385-390]; HattinSa1991 [host, distribution, biological control: 169-174]; HattinSa1991a [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 143-148]; HattinTa1995 [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 489-493]; HattinTa1996 [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 523-525]; HattinTa1996a [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 560-563]; HavronKeRo1991 [host, distribution, biological control: 229-235]; HavronRo1992 [chemical control, biological control: 984-987]; HavronRo1994 [biological control: 209-220]; HavronRoRu1995 [chemical control, biological control: 309-313]; Hawkin1994 [biological control: 3]; Hayat1989 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-3]; Haywar1939 [host, distribution, control: 1]; Hecht1936 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 299-236]; HeCuBa1991 [life history: 58-60]; HefetzKrPe1988 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 1121-1127]; HeimpeRoKa1997 [life history, biological control: 305-315]; HelmyHaHa1992 [chemical control: 763-771]; HelmyHiHa1997 [chemical control: 601-609]; Hempel1904 [host, distribution: 322]; Hempel1937 [taxonomy: 27]; HenrikCaAn1982 [chemistry, pheromone: 27-60]; HeratySc1998 [biological control: 1227-1244]; HernanRoGa2002 [host, distribution, economic importance, ecology: 469-478]; Herric1911 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 11,30-31,48]; Herric1925 [host, distribution, description, life history, economic importance]; Hewitt1943 [host, distribution: 266-274]; Hill1975 [host, distribution, economic importance, control]; Hill1989a [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 177-182]; HiroseNaTa1990 [biological control: 171-183]; Hodgso1969c [economic importance, life history, biological control, chemical control: 18-19]; HoffmaKe1985 [life history: 19-20]; HoffmaRiSh1998 [biological control: 268-293]; HoleSa1997 [chemical control: 12-13]; HoleSa1998 [host, distribution, life history: 199-200]; HoleSa1999 [host, distribution, life history: 93-102]; HondaLu1995 [life history, biological control: 441-450]; Honiba1975 [biological control: 217-220]; HonibaGiRa1979 [biological control, economic importance: 17-18]; Horn1988 [host, distribution, chemical control ]; Horton1918 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 1-74]; Hosny1968 [host, distribution, ecology: 179-182]; HosnyAmEl1972 [host, distribution, economic importance: 286-296]; Houck1999 [life history, biological control: 97-118]; HouckJeMo1989 [chemical control: 287-292]; HouckOc1996 [life history, ecology, biological control: 667-682]; Howard1894 [taxonomy, biological control: 228]; Howard1895e [biological control: 1-44]; Howard1908 [host, distribution: 265-277]; Howard1911 [host, distribution, biological control: 276-277]; Hoy1990 [biological control: 441-451]; HoyHe1985 [biological control]; Hsu1935 [host, distribution: 578-590]; Huffak1990 [biological control: 205-220]; HuffakGu1990a [biological control, economic importance: 473-492]; HuffakMeDe1971 [biological control: 16-67]; HuffakSiLa1976 [biological control: 41-78]; HuffakSm1980 [chemical control, biological control, chemistry, host, distribution: 1-24]; HuffakSt1971 [biological control: 333-350]; IFAC1962d [host, distribution: 140]; Imms1931 [biological control: 98-102]; Inserr1966 [host, distribution, biological control: 176-186]; Inserr1966a [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 1-26]; Inserr1968 [host, distribution, biological control: 45-77]; Inserr1969 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance, control: 1-26]; Inserr1970a [host, distribution, biological control: 39-46]; InserrCa1987 [host, distribution: 93]; IntegrPeMa1991 [taxonomy, life history, biological control: 1]; Ishaay1971 [chemistry, physiology: 935-943]; IshaayBlYa1989 [chemical control: 1003-1008]; IshaayMeBl1992 [chemical control, biological control: 67-71]; IshaaySw1970 [host, chemistry, physiology: 37-42]; IshaaySw1970a [chemistry, physiology: 1599-1605]; IshaaySw1990 [physiology, chemistry: 353-356]; IshaaySwNe1980 [chemistry, physiology: 212]; Ishii1923 [host, distribution, biological control: 69]; Ishii1926 [biological control: 31-36]; Ishii1928 [host, distribution, biological control: 79]; Ishii1932a [host, distribution, biological control: 161]; JacobsReCr1978 [chemistry: 448-457]; JamesStOM1997 [host, distribution, biological control: 257-259]; Janjua1959 [distribution: 231-264]; Jenkin1945 [host, distribution, life history, taxonomy, chemical control, biological control: 10-16]; Jeppso1969 [economic importance, chemical control, physiology: 917-921]; JiIzGa1996 [life history, biological control: 503-509]; Jimene1969 [biological control: 781-784]; JiYa1990 [biological control: 134-136]; JohnsoTa1999 [biological control: 297-317]; Johnst1915 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-33]; Johnst1959 [chemical control: 127,131]; Jones1936 [host, distribution, life history, chemical control, biological control: 11-52]; Jourdh1979 [biological control: 75-79]; JuanBlVeUr2008 [biological control: 187]; KamelAbHi2003 [host, distribution, biological control: 1009-1023]; KansuUy1979 [host, distribution, biological control: 565-567]; Kapur1942 [biological control: 49-66]; Karaca1998 [host, distribution, biological control, life history: 101-108]; KaracaSeUy1987 [life history, ecology: 129-138]; KaracaUy1990 [host, distribution, biological control: 97-108]; KaracaUy1992 [host, distribution, life history: 9-19]; KaracaUyEl2002 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 313-317]; Katsoy1993 [host, distribution, biological control: 177-198]; Katsoy1996 [life history, economic importance, host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 15-17,61-63]; KattarHeOd1999 [biological control: 640-644]; Kaussa1955 [host, distribution: 15]; Kawai1980 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 213]; KaydanUlEr2007 [host, distribution: 92]; KeetchWh1972 [biological control, chemical control: 253-263]; KehatBlGr1968 [economic importance, chemical control: 28-29]; KfirLu1979 [life history, biological control: 335-344]; KfirLu1984 [life history, biological control: 314-320]; KfirRo1981 [biological control: 141-150]; KiddJe1996 [biological control: 293]; KingLe1984 [biological control: 1]; KingMo1984 [biological control: 206-222]; KinjoNaHi1996 [host, distribution: 125-127]; Kiritc1932a [taxonomy: 250]; KiriukTa1947 [host, distribution: 1-4]; Klein1935 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 71-73,115-116]; Klein1940 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance, control]; Knight1932 [life history: 1]; Koebel1890 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-32]; Koebel1893 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-39]; Koehle1964 [host, distribution, control]; KollerCoCo1997 [host, distribution, biological control: 122]; Komosi1964 [host, distribution, taxonomy, description, illustration: 210-212]; KonarGh1994 [host, distribution, ecology: 9-14]; Korone1934 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 22-23]; Koszta1990 [structure, biological control: 307-311]; Kotins1909 [host, distribution: 97]; Kozar1990a [life history, economic importance: 341-347]; KozarKi1979 [host, distribution: 246-250]; Krambi1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 351-353]; KrishnRa1995 [chemical control, biological control: 71-79]; KrishnRa1998 [chemical control, biological control: 83-88]; KrishnRa1999 [biological control: 86-87]; Kuwana1902 [host, distribution: 70]; Kuwana1907 [host, distribution: 196]; Kuwana1909a [host, distribution: 160]; Kuwana1917a [taxonomy, distribution: 175]; Kuwana1927 [host, distribution: 72]; Kuwana1933 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 26,29-30]; Laing1929 [host, distribution: 25]; Lawson1917 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 210]; LawsonHa1984 [ecology, life history: 451]; LegnerBe1999 [biological control: 87-101]; Lenter1994 [biological control, life history: 13-39]; Leonar1897 [taxonomy: 286]; Leonar1899 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 175,176,184]; Leonar1907a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 122]; Leonar1910 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 5-10]; Leonar1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 75-81]; Lepage1938 [catalogue: 392]; Lepesm1947 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history: 204-207]; Lever1969 [host, distribution]; LevitiCo1998 [chemical control, physiology, chemistry: 115-121]; LiLi1990 [host, biological control: 68-70]; Lindgr1938 [chemical control: 213-225]; Lindgr1941 [chemical control: 499-511]; LindgrBo1944 [chemical control: 123-124]; LindgrDi1942 [chemical control: 827-829]; LindgrDi1945 [chemical control, physiology: 296-299]; LindgrGe1947 [chemical control: 680-682]; LindgrLaDi1945 [chemical control: 567-572]; LindgrLaDo1944 [chemical control: 6,7,30]; LindgrLaDo1944a [chemical control: 180-181]; LindgrSi1944 [chemical control, physiology: 303-315]; Lindin1909c [taxonomy, host, distribution: 449]; Lindin1910b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 40]; Lindin1912b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 49,108,153]; Lindin1913a [host, distribution: 347]; Lindin1914 [taxonomy: 157]; Lindin1935 [taxonomy: 132]; Lindin1943a [taxonomy: 145]; Lindin1943b [taxonomy: 218]; Lindin1949 [taxonomy: 211]; Liotta1970 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 35-36]; LiottaMi1974 [chemical control, host, distribution: 381-385]; LiottaMiRa1977 [host, economic importance: 29-67]; LizzioSiLo1998 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 165-183]; Lloren1990 [taxonomy, illustration, life history, host, distribution, biological control, life history: 41-49]; Lobdel1937 [taxonomy: 78]; LongoMaPe1995 [distribution: 125]; LongoMaRu1995a [host, distribution: 126-129]; Lorbee1971 [biological control, host, distribution: 199-201]; Lounsb1898 [host, distribution: 35-38]; Lounsb1906 [host, distribution: 80-91]; Lounsb1914 [host, distribution: 1]; Lounsb1916 [host, distribution: 83-103]; Lounsb1921 [host, distribution: 35-38]; Lounsb1922 [host, distribution: 205-210]; Lu1989 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 207-217]; Lu1989a [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 218-223]; Luck1986 [biological control: 69-84]; Luck1986a [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 355-363]; LuckAlBa1980 [host, distribution, biological control, ecology, economic importance: 365-396]; LuckFoMo1996 [host, distribution, ecology, economic importance: 499-503]; LuckJiHo1999 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history, biological control: 173-183]; LuckPo1985 [life history, ecology, biological control: 904-913]; LuckPoKf1982 [life history, biological control: 397-408]; LuckUy1986 [life history, chemistry, biological control: 129-136]; LuckVaGa1977 [chemical control, economic importance, host, distribution: 606-611]; LunaSaMa1995 [host, distribution: 265]; Lupo1936 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 249-255]; Lupo1954a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 41-49]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 443]; Mackie1936 [host, distribution: 455]; MagaguSa2000 [biological control, chemical control, host, distribution, economic importance: 47-56]; MahmouHaHe2001 [chemistry, structure: 441]; Maksim1978a [life history: 46]; MalipaDuSm2000 [biological control: 54,56,59,65,66,80]; Mallam1954 [distribution: 24-60]; MaltbyJiDe1968 [biological control: 1086-1088]; Mamet1943a [catalogue: 156]; Mamet1949 [catalogue: 53]; Mamet1954 [host, distribution: 15]; Mamet1954a [host, distribution: 265]; Mamet1957 [distribution: 369]; Marco1959 [host, distribution, biological control: 25-30]; Marlat1897 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control, chemical control: 217-236]; Marlat1903 [host, distribution, taxonomy, economic importance, control: 24]; Marlat1915 [host, distribution]; Martin1983 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 60]; MartinGrSh2003 [host, distribution, biological control: 279-286]; MartinSoGa2006 [host, distribution, chemical control, physiology: 255-257]; Martor1976 [host, distribution: 63,65,77,120,176,224]; Maskel1879 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 199]; Maskel1884 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 120-121]; Maskel1887a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 42]; Maskel1892 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 12-13]; Maskel1893b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 206]; Maskel1895b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 40-41]; Matile1976 [host, distribution: 311]; Matile1984c [host, distribution: 220]; MatileOr2001 [host, distribution: 189]; Maxwel1903 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 37]; MayneGh1934 [host, distribution: 3-38]; MazzeoLoBe2002 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 485-488]; McBethAl1941 [chemical control: 310-311]; McClur1990b [taxonomy, host, distribution, ecology: 285-288]; McClur1990c [ecology, host: 289-291]; McClur1990e [life history, ecology: 309-314]; McClur1990f [life history: 315-318]; McClur1990g [taxonomy, host, distribution, ecology: 319-330]; McClur1990h [life history, ecology: 331-337]; McDani1968 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 210-211]; McKenz1935 [host, distribution, life history, control: 1-48]; McKenz1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 324-327,331]; McKenz1938 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 6-7,23]; McKenz1939 [taxonomy: 53-54]; McKenz1942b [taxonomy: 145]; McKenz1946 [taxonomy: 33]; McKenz1946a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 95-99]; McKenz1953 [taxonomy: 36]; McKenz1956 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 38-40]; McLare1971 [life history, ecology: 189-204]; McLareBu1973 [host, distribution, biological control: 111-117]; Mead1983 [host, distribution: 1-5]; Mead1987 [host, distribution: 2-4]; Melis1949 [host, distribution: 17-25]; MendelBlIs1994 [chemical control, biological control: 199-209]; MendelPoRo1990 [biological control: 289-290]; Merkel1938 [host, distribution: 88-99]; Merril1953 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 13]; MerrilCh1923 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, economic importance: 221]; MessenBiVa1976 [biological control: 543-565]; MessenVa1971 [biological control: 68-92]; MessenWiWh1976 [biological control: 209]; Metcal1982 [chemical control: 217-277]; MetcalCaMu1949 [chemical control: 5,12]; MetcalMe1993 [economic importance, host, distribution, control]; Meyer1962 [biological control: 411-417]; MichaePr1960 [chemical control: 389-391]; Michel1962 [biological control, ecology: 95-96]; MillarHa1993 [life history, chemistry, biological control: 1721-1736]; MillerDa1990 [host, distribution, economic importance: 300]; MillerDa2005 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 50-53]; Miyosh1926 [host, distribution: 303-326]; MoffitBa1990 [ecology, economic importance: 357-362]; Moghad2004 [host, distributionn: 13]; MohammGhTa2001 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 413-418]; Monast1958 [economic importance, control: 131-165]; Monte1930 [host, distribution: 3-36]; Moore1933 [chemical control: 1140-1161]; Moore1934 [chemical control: 1042-1055]; Moore1936 [chemical control: 65-78]; Moore2002 [biological control: 30-32]; Moreno1972 [structure, anatomy, chemistry, pheromone: 1283-1286]; Moreno1983 [pheromone, control: 77-79]; MorenoFa1975 [structure, anatomy, pheromone: 425-428]; MorenoFaSh1973 [life history, pheromone, control: 1333]; MorenoFaSh1976 [chemical control, life history: 292-297]; MorenoKe1983 [economic importance, life history, chemistry, biological control: 687-689]; MorenoKe1985 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 1-9]; MorenoLu1992 [host, distribution, biological control, economic importance: 1112-1119]; MorenoRiCa1972 [life history, chemistry, pheromone: 698-701]; MorganHa1997 [biological control: 679-684]; MorganHa1998 [life history, ecology, biological control: 463-479]; MorganHa1998a [host, distribution, biological control, life history: 235-245]; Morley1909 [host, distribution, biological control: 254-257]; MorrisKi1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 183-217]; MorrisKi1977 [host, biological control: 183-217]; MorrisMo1922 [taxonomy: 96]; MorseArMo1985 [control: 8-10]; MorseBe1986 [chemical control, biological control: 311-314]; MorseBeIw1986 [chemical control: 281-283]; MorseNo2006 [molecular biology, phylogeny: 338-349]; MoutiaMa1947 [distribution]; Moznet1922 [host, distribution]; Munger1948 [life history, physiology: 422-423]; MungerCr1948 [life history, physiology: 424-427]; Muraka1970 [host, distribution, life history: 69-70]; Murdoc1990 [biological control: 1-24]; MurdocBrNi1996 [biological control: 807-826]; MurdocChCh1985 [biological control: 344]; MurdocLuSw1995 [host, distribution, life history, ecology, biological control: 206-217]; MurdocLuWa1989 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology: 1707-1714]; MurdocNiLu1992 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology: 533-541]; MurdocSwBr2006 [biological control: 297-305]; MurdocSwLu1996 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology: 424-444]; MyartsRu2000 [distribution, biological control: 7-33]; NadelBi1964 [biological control: 195-206]; Nafus1996 [host, distribution: 1]; NagarkSa1990 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 553-542]; Nakaha1982 [host, distribution: 6]; NakaoTaTa1977 [host, distribution: 65]; NandakReSh1988 [chemical control: 275-277]; Nath1972 [host, distribution: 1]; Nel1933 [taxonomy, life history, anatomy, host, distribution: 416-466]; NelDeVa1979 [chemical control, physiology: 275-281]; Newste1901b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 81,88-91]; Newste1911a [host, distribution: 168]; Newste1917b [host, distribution: 130-131]; NourElRi1970 [host, distribution: 123-127]; Noyes1990a [biological control: 155]; NRC1969 [taxonomy, economic importance, ecology, biological control, chemical control]; NSWDAE1963 [host, distribution, taxonomy, economic importance]; Nur1990a [taxonomy, structure, chromosomes: 182,186]; OfekHuYz1997 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 212-218]; OhgushNiTa1967 [host, distribution, life history: 118-121]; OlkowsOlKa1978 [biological control: 311-347]; OmerCoJoWh1946 [biological control: 154]; OmerCoWh1950 [host, distribution, biological control: 3,12]; OmerCoWhGl1946 [biological control: 5-8]; Onder1982 [host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 1-171]; OppLu1986 [biological control: 700-704]; Orphan1983 [life history, host, distribution, biological control: 203-212]; Orphan1984 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 195-209]; Orphan1984a [biological control, host, distribution: 275-281]; Orphan1996 [host, distribution, biological control: 53-57]; OrtuAc1999 [life history, host, distribution: 127-131]; OrtuCo2004 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 54-58]; Pace1939 [host, distribution: 664-665]; Painte1951 [economic importance, control]; Paoli1927a [host, distribution: 382-387]; Paolo1920 [biological control: 31-38]; PappasCa1952 [chemical control]; Passar1989 [chemistry, pheromone: 1-213]; Pedigo1999 [life history, structure]; Peleg1982 [chemical control: 27-32]; Peleg1983 [chemical control: 367-372]; Peleg1988 [chemical control: 88-92]; PelegBa1995 [economic importance, host, distribution: 261-264]; PelegGo1981 [chemical control: 124-126]; Peleka1962 [host, distribution: 61]; Peleka1974 [host, distribution, biological control: 14-20]; Penzig1887 [host, distribution: 3]; PeralL1968 [host, biological control: 22-29]; Perez1972 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 227-245]; PerezG2008 [distribution: 213]; PerezGCa1987 [host, distribution: 128]; Perkin1982 [economic importance, chemical control, biological control: 5]; PessonFo1978 [structure: 389-399]; Petch1921 [biological control: 18-40]; Petch1921a [biological control: 89-167]; PicartMa2000 [host, distribution: 16]; Pickel1928 [taxonomy: 55]; PietriBiCo1969 [chemical control: 909-915]; PietriBiCo1969 [chemical control: 909-915]; PinaEsVe2003 [host, life history, ecology: 123]; PinaMaVe2003 [host, distribution, economic importance: 109-115]; PinaVe2007 [host, distribution, biological control: 311]; PinaVe2007a [host, distribution, biological control: 357]; Podole1981 [life history, biological control: 179-190]; PolaszAbHu1999 [host, distribution: 131-163]; Pope1981 [biological control: 19-31]; Popova1962 [host, distribution, biological control: 147-175]; Porcel1995 [structure: 25-45]; PowellHo1979 [host, distribution]; Price1984 [biological control: 19]; PriesnHo1940 [biological control: 58-70]; Prinsl1983 [distribution, biological control: 26]; Prinsl1984 [taxonomy, biological control: 25-35]; Priore1964 [host, distribution: 131-178]; Priore1965 [host, distribution: 101-145]; PruthiBa1960 [host, distribution, economic importance,: 1-113]; PruthiMa1945 [host, distribution, life history, control: 1-42]; PuttarCh1953a [biological control: 87-95]; Quayle1910 [biological control: 398-401]; Quayle1911 [life history: 301-306]; Quayle1911a [host, distribution, description, economic importance, life history, biological control: 99-150]; Quayle1911d [host, distribution, description, economic importance, life history, biological control: 443-512]; Quayle1911e [biological control: 510-515]; Quayle1916 [life history, ecology: 486-492]; Quayle1916a [chemical control, physiology: 333-334,358]; Quayle1920 [chemical control: 188,189,193]; Quayle1922 [chemical control, host, distribution: 400-405]; Quayle1927 [chemical control, physiology: 667-673]; Quayle1932 [life history, chemical control: 1-87]; Quayle1938 [chemical control, physiology: 183-210]; Quayle1938a [host, distribution, life history, economic importance, chemical control, biological control]; Quayle1942 [chemical control, physiology: 813-816]; QuayleEb1934 [chemical control: 1-22]; QuayleRo1934 [chemical control: 1083-1095]; Quedna1964 [biological control, life history: 335-340]; Quedna1964a [host, distribution, biological control: 521-530]; Quedna1964b [biological control: 86-116]; Quedna1965 [life history, biological control: 43-56]; QuednaAn1963 [economic importance, biological control: 11-18]; QuednaHu1964 [life history, biological control: 543-554]; Quilis1935 [life history, ecology: 621-633]; QuisumKy1989 [life history, chemistry: 149-171]; RabbDeKe1984 [ecology, biological control: 697]; RacitiSa2001 [host, distribution, biological control: 39-40]; RacitiSaSi2003 [biological control, distribution: 125-134]; RacitiTuMa1996 [host, distribution, biological control: 652-658]; RagusaRu1989 [host, distribution: 71-74]; RahmanAn1941 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 817-818]; Ramakr1919 [host, distribution, economic importance: 623]; Ramakr1919a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 20]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 356]; Ramakr1930 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 25]; Ramakr1938a [host, distribution: 341-351]; RangelGo1945 [distribution, description: 1-44]; Rao1969 [biological control: 785-792]; RaoCh1950 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 14,27]; RauchLh1964 [chemical control, host, distribution, economic importance: 61-73]; ReeveMu1985 [biological control: 797-816]; RiceMo1969 [life history, chemistry: 558-560]; RiceMo1969a [life history, host, chemistry, pheromone: 958]; RiceMo1970 [life history: 91-96]; Richar1960AM [host, distribution: 693-698]; RidgwaKiCa1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 379-416]; Riehl1969 [chemical control: 897-907]; Riehl1990 [chemical control: 365-392]; RiehlBrMc1980 [chemical control, biological control, economic importance : 319-363]; RiehlCa1953 [chemical control: 1007-1013]; RiehlGaLa1964 [chemical control: 522-525]; RiehlLa1950 [chemical control: 29-43]; RiehlLa1952 [chemical control: 25-36]; RiehlLaRo1958 [chemical control: 193-195]; RiehlLaRo1959 [chemical control: 857-860]; RiehlLaRo1965 [chemical control: 907-909]; Rivnay1945 [biological control: 117-122]; Rivnay1968 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 1-156]; RobbCoBe2001 [host, distribution, taxonomy, control]; Robert1971 [chemistry, physiology: 449-456]; Robert1973 [chemistry, physiology: 313-323]; RobertSl1974 [chemistry, physiology: 163-175]; Robins1917 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 24-25]; RodrigGa1990 [host, distribution, life history: 25-35]; RodrigGa1992 [host, distribution, life history: 31-44]; RodrigGa1994 [host, distribution: 151-164]; RodrigGa2003 [distribution, economic importance: 107]; RodrigGaRo2004 [host, distribution, ecology, life history: 569-575]; RodrigTrGa1996 [host, distribution, biological control: 77-94]; RoelofGiCa1977 [chemistry: 698-699]; RoelofGiCa1978 [chemistry, life history: 211-224]; RoelofGiMo1982 [chemistry, pheromone: 348]; RongaiCeLa2008 [chemical control, biological control: 179-185]; RongGr1998 [biological control: 43-63]; Rose1990a [biological control, host: 263-287]; Rose1990b [biological control, economic importance: 433-440]; Rose1990c [distribution, economic importance: 535-541]; Rose1990d [host, biological control, economic importance: 357-365]; RoseDe1990a [biological control: 461-472]; Rosen1965 [host, distribution, biological control: 388-396]; Rosen1966 [taxonomy, biological control: 43-79]; Rosen1967b [host, distribution, biological control: 1422-1427]; Rosen1969 [biological control: 45-53]; Rosen1987 [taxonomy, biological control: 191]; Rosen1990 [biological control: 413-415]; Rosen1990a [biological control: 497-498]; Rosen1993 [biological control: 411-416]; RosenDe1973 [biological control, taxonomy: 215-222]; RosenDe1978 [economic importance, biological control, distribution, life history: 79-91]; RosenDe1979 [host, distribution, biological control: 262-268,349-354,]; Rosenh1987 [life history, biological control: 1-171]; RosenhHe1994 [life history, biological control: 41-78]; RosenhRo1991 [life history, biological control: 873-893]; RosenhRo1992 [life history, biological control: 263-272]; RossleRo1990 [biological control: 519-526]; RSEA1915 [host, distribution, description, life history, economic importance, control: 1]; Ruhl1913 [host, distribution: 79-80]; Rungs1970 [host, distribution, economic importance: 91-94]; Russo1959 [economic importance, chemical control: 11-12]; Ruther1948 [economic importance, biological control: 55,68]; Saba1978 [biological control: 443-446]; SaighiDoBi2005 [host, distribution: 429-433]; Sailer1983 [distribution, economic importance: 15-38]; Sakai1939 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 45-62]; SalamaAmHa1972 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 395-405]; SalamaSa1984 [host, distribution, life history, chemistry: 393-398]; SalasMaCa2004 [chemical control: 22-23]; SalemEl1979 [host, distribution, life history, pheromone: 129-138]; SalemSa1992 [host, distribution, life history: 209-216]; Samway1981 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 663-670]; Samway1981a [biological control: 1]; Samway1985 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 379-393]; Samway1986 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, chemical control: 671-683]; Samway1986a [host, distribution, life history, biological control, chemical control: 265-274]; Samway1989 [biological control: 345-351]; SamwayGrPr1998 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 234-242]; SamwayMa1983 [biological control: 4-6]; SamwayNePr1982 [biological control: 155-157]; SamwayOsHa1999 [biological control: 795-812]; Sander1904a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 70-71]; Sankar1984 [host, distribution, biological control]; SchildSc1928 [biological control]; SchlinDo1964 [taxonomy, biological control: 247-280]; Schmut1969 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution, life history, economic importance: 108-109]; Schmut1995 [chemical control]; Schmut2001 [host, distribution: 339-345]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance, distribution: 482-483]; SchmutKlLu1959 [taxonomy: 374]; SchoonGi1982 [chemical control, biological control: 261-273]; SchoonGi1984 [chemical control, biological control: 6-8]; Searle1964 [host, distribution: 1-18]; SearleAnWi1963 [economic importance, chemical control, biological control: 3-9]; SekeroUyKa1989 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 147-152]; SelhimBr1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 475-478]; SenalKaUn2002 [biological control: 427-433]; SengonUyKa1998 [host, distribution, biological control: 128-131]; Sharon1980 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 1-59]; ShawMoFa1971 [life history, control: 1305-1306]; ShawMoHe1971 [life history, control: 67-69]; ShawSuMo1973 [life history, chemical control, pheromone: 1062-1063]; Shen1993 [host, distribution: 57]; ShiLi1991 [host, distribution: 165]; SibbetVaFe2000 [host, distribution, control]; Siddiq1966 [host, distribution, economic importance: 4-5]; Siddiq1981 [economic importance, host, distribution: 172-180]; Silves1926a [host, distribution, control: 97-101]; Silves1929 [host, distribution: 897-904]; Simant1962 [chemical control: 99-103]; Simmon1944 [host, distribution, biological control, ecology: 38-39]; Simmon1969a [biological control: 765-767]; SimmonGr1977 [host, distribution, ecology: 109-124]; Singh1964 [host, distribution, economic importance: 213]; SiscarLoLi1999 [host, distribution, economic importance, life history, biological control: 41-52]; SkaifeLeBa1981 [taxonomy, distribution: 1-5]; Smetni1991 [chemistry: 92-129]; Smirno1950a [biological control: 190-194]; Smirno1951a [economic importance, host, distribution, chemical control: 47-55]; Smirno1952 [host, distribution, biological control: 63-69]; Smirno1957a [host, distribution, economic importance, control: 47-55]; Smit1964 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control, chemical control]; Smith1926 [biological control: 294-302]; Smith1934 [host, distribution, economic importance, biological control: 280-282]; Smith1941 [biological control: 76-77]; Smith1948 [biological control: 597]; Smith1948a [economic importance: 813]; Smith1957 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 219-230]; Smith1964 [chemical control: 275-293]; SmithBeBr1997 [host, distribution, description, life history, biological control, chemical control]; SmithCo1931a [biological control: 328]; SmithEsFa1933 [economic importance: 1]; SmithFl1948 [biological control: 17-20]; SmithFl1950 [biological control: 362,376,378]; SmithFrPa1996 [biological control]; SmithMa1986 [life history, biological control, host, distribution: 452-434]; SmithSmLi1999 [biological control, chemical control: 995-1000]; SnyderBoCh2005 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 75-94]; SokoloKl1941 [biological control: 40-41]; SokoloKl1942 [biological control: 187-198]; SokoloKl1943 [biological control: 6-7]; Solomi1913 [host, distribution: 694-695]; SongMeRi2006 [host, distribution, ecology, life history: 49-54]; SorribRoRo2008 [host, distribution, biological control: 201]; SoyluOr1977 [biological control: 77-112]; Spille1952 [life history, ecology, host, distribution: 483-487]; SpolleHo1993 [chemical control, biological control: 16-19]; SpolleHo1993a [chemical control, biological control: 195-204]; SpolleHo1993b [chemical control, biological control: 87-94]; SpolleRoHo1994 [biological control: 189-208]; Sproul1981 [economic importance, host, chemical control, biological control: 50]; StarleRi1977 [host, distribution, biological control: 431-448]; Starne1897 [taxonomy: 23]; Statha2001b [life history, biological control: 113-116]; Stehr1974 [biological control: 124-136]; SteinbPoRo1994 [life history, biological control, ecology: 79-91]; Steine1987 [host, distribution, description, economic importance, control: 1-7]; SternAdBe1976 [biological control: 593]; Sternl1973a [host, distribution, biological control: 513-519]; Steyn1951 [life history, ecology: 165-170]; Steyn1954 [life history, biological control, ecology: 252-264]; Steyn1954a [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology, economic importance: 1-96]; Steyn1955 [life history, biological control, ecology, host, distribution: 93-105]; Steyn1958 [host, distribution, biological control: 589-594]; Steyn1959 [host, distribution, biological control: 899-902]; Stofbe1937a [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 1-24]; StouthLu1991 [biological control: 150-157]; StreibFrKa1994 [chemical control: 23-30]; Sumaro1967 [biological control: 179-185]; Suzuki2004 [host, distribution: 87-88]; Sweetm1958 [biological control, economic importance: 449-459]; Swirsk1976b [host, distribution, economic importance: 555-559]; Swirsk1989 [biological control: 11-44]; SwirskAr1971 [host, distribution: 12-15]; SwirskWyIz2002 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history, economic importance, biological control: 105-110]; Takagi1969a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 82,102]; Takagi1975 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 11]; TakagiRo1981 [host, distribution, biological control: 314-321]; Takaha1929 [host, distribution: 80-81]; Takaha1932a [host, distribution: 104]; Takaha1933 [host, distribution: 25-34]; Takaha1934 [host, distribution: 34]; Takaha1935 [host, distribution: 3-4]; Takaha1936c [host, distribution: 118]; Takaha1939b [host, distribution: 270]; Takaha1942b [host, distribution: 47]; Takaha1942d [host, distribution: 358]; Takaha1953a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 10-13]; Talhou1950 [host, distribution, economic importance: 133-141]; Talhou1969 [host, distribution, economic importance: 107-109]; Talhou1975 [economic importance: 25]; Talhou2002 [host, distribution, economic importance: 91-93]; Tamaki1997 [structure, chemistry]; Tanaka1966 [biological control: 1-42]; Tang1984 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 37]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 71]; Targio1881 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 151,153]; Targio1884 [taxonomy: 386-388]; Targio1885 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 108-109]; Tashir1966 [host, biological control: 604-608]; Tashir1966 [host, life history, biological control: 604-608]; TashirBe1968 [life history: 1009-1014]; TashirBeMo1969 [life history, taxonomy: 279-280]; TashirCh1967 [life history, pheromone: 1166-1170]; TashirChMo1969 [life history, pheromone: 935-940]; TashirGiRo1979 [chemistry, pheromone: 931-934]; TashirMo1968 [life history: 1014-1020]; TawfikGh2001 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 267-272]; Terezn1986 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 85-87]; Thorpe1930WH [taxonomy: 177]; TianCh1991 [biological control: 64-66]; Timber1916 [host, distribution, biological control]; Torres1922 [host, distribution: 72]; Toumey1895 [host, distribution, economic importance, taxonomy, description, life history, chemical control: 48-56]; Trabou1969 [distribution, host, biological control: 5-72]; TrabouBe1965 [host, distribution, biological control: 1-13]; TranfaVi1987a [economic importance, control: 215-221]; TreatmGuCa1980 [chemical control: 1-77]; TremblRo1975 [pheromone: 195-200]; Trjapi1989 [biological control: 296]; TrjapiMy2001 [biological control, distribution: 163-165]; TronchRoGa1992 [host, distribution, biological control: 11-30]; Trujil1942 [host, distribution, economic importance]; Tryon1889 [taxonomy: 129]; Tschor1939 [host, distribution: 90]; TsolakSi1995 [chemical control: 223-229]; Tsukam1983 [chemical control, life history,: 71-98]; TumminAmCo2001 [host, distribution, chemical control, biological control: 31-36]; TumminCoMa2003 [chemical control: 175-183]; TumminCoSa1996 [life history, ecology, host, distribution, biological control: 493-503]; Tuncyu1970 [host, distribution, economic importance: 30-52]; Tuncyu1970a [host, distribution, economic importance: 67-80]; Tuncyu1976 [host, distribution, biological control: 32-45]; Tuncyu1977 [biological control: 200-212]; UlgentCa2004 [host, distribution: 79-84]; Ullyet1946 [host, distribution, biological control: 333-337]; UygunEl1998 [host, distribution, biological control, life history: 153-162]; UygunEl1998 [host, life history, biological control: 153-162]; UygunKaSe1992 [host, distribution, economic importance: 171-182]; UygunKaSe1995 [life history, economic importance, host, distribution, biological control: 239-246]; UygunKaUl1995 [host, distribution, biological control: 171-183]; UygunSeEr1998 [host, distribution: 183-191]; Vacant1985a [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 749-758]; Valent1963 [biological control: 6-13]; Valent1967 [biological control: 1100]; VandenTe1964 [ecology, biological control: 459-488]; VanDij1998 [host, distribution, biological control, economic importance: 23-28]; VanWyk1994 [chemical control]; Varshn2002 [host, distribution: 20]; Varshn2005 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 159-160]; VehrsGr1994 [host, distribution, chemical control: 1046-1057]; Velasq1971 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 120-123]; VelasqRi1969 [host, distribution: 195-208]; VermaDi2005 [host, distribution: 423-426]; VidalDoZa2003 [life history, chemical control,: 121]; Viggia1970a [host, distribution, economic importance: 51]; Viggia1971b [host, distribution, biological control: 5-6]; Viggia1984 [biological control: 257-276]; Viggia1989 [economic importance, host, distribution: 63-64]; Vinson1977 [host, distribution, biological control, chemistry: 237-279]; Vinson1990 [biological control, chemistry: 453-459]; WadhiBa1964 [host, distribution: 227-260]; WaldeLuYu1989 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology: 1700-1706]; WalkerAi1996 [host, distribution, biological control, chemical control: 175-180]; WalkerAiOC1990 [host, distribution, chemical control: 189-196]; WalkerBe1986 [behaviour, life history, physiology: 549-553]; WalkerZaAr1999 [biological control, economic importance: 47-58]; WalkerZaAr1999a [economic importance, biological control: 906-914]; WappleBe2008 [taxonomy, fossil: 627-634]; WarePa1996 [host, distribution, biological control: 511-514]; WartheRuMo1970 [pheromone, life history: 2207-2209]; WashinWa1990 [structure, histology: 939-948]; Waterh1997 [host, distribution, economic importance: 156-171]; Watson1918 [host, distribution]; Watson1926 [host, distribution]; WatsonBe1937 [host, distribution, control]; WatsonDuLi2000 [biological control, economic importance: 351-357]; Wentze1970 [host, biological control, life history: 195-198]; Wester1918 [host, distribution, economic importance: 5-57]; Whitna1959 [host, distribution, economic importance: 5-9]; Willar1972 [host, distribution, life history: 37-47]; Willar1972a [host, distribution, life history: 49-65]; Willar1973 [host, distribution, life history: 217-229]; Willar1973a [host, distribution, life history: 567-573]; Willar1974 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 531-548]; Willar1976 [host, distribution, life history, ecology: 7-11]; WilliaBu1987 [host, distribution: 94]; WilliaWa1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, economic importance: 8,36-37]; Wilson1917 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 12]; WilsonGo1962 [host, distribution, economic importance, control: 41-61]; Woglum1923 [chemical control, economic importance: 1-59]; Woglum1925 [chemical control, physiology: 593-597]; Woglum1925b [chemical control, physiology: 178]; Woglum1926 [chemical control: 723-733]; Woglum1942 [chemical control: 1-3]; Woglum1943 [host, distribution, biological control: 412]; WoglumLa1926 [chemical control, physiology: 396-397]; WolffCo1993 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 32-33]; WolffCo1993a [host, distribution: 153]; WolffPuSi2004 [biological control, host, distribution: 355-361]; WongChCh1999 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 18-19,58]; Wood1962 [distribution, biological control: 8-11]; Wood1964 [chemical control: 339-353]; Woodhi1928 [chemical control: 561]; WoodwaEvEa1970 [distribution]; Woodwo1903 [taxonomy: 39]; Woolle1990 [biological control: 167-176]; Wysoki1997 [host, distribution, economic importance: 805-811]; XieXuZh2004a [chemistry: 512-518]; YamamoOg1989 [chemistry: 123-148]; Yan1981 [life history]; YanIs1986 [life history, ecology: 971-975]; YanIs1986 [life history: 971-975]; YaromBlIs1988 [chemical control: 1581-1585]; Yasar1995a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 44-46]; Yasnos1987 [economic importance: 229-234]; YerushCo2002 [chemistry, chemical control: 133-141]; YigitCaZa1994a [host, distribution: 409-420]; YuLu1988 [life history, host, taxonomy, biological control: 154-161]; YuLuMu1990 [host, distribution, life history, biological control, ecology: 469-480]; Yust1941 [taxonomy: 785]; Yust1943 [life history: 868-872]; YustBuHo1942 [chemical control: 521-524]; YustBuNe1942 [chemical control, physiology: 816-820]; YustFuNe1951 [chemical control, physiology: 833-838]; YustHo1942 [chemical control: 821-824]; YustNeBu1942 [chemical control: 339-342]; YustNeBu1943 [chemical control: 744-749]; YustNeBu1943a [chemical control: 872-874]; YustSh1952 [chemical control, physiology: 220-228]; Zahrad1959b [host, distribution: 60]; ZappalSiSa2006 [biological control: 181-186]; ZchoriFaZe1995 [life history, structure: 173-178]; ZchoriRoRo1994 [life history, structure, biological control: 169-172]; ZhangGu1994 [host, distribution, biological control: 103-105]; ZhangGuZh1992 [life history, biological control: 1,45]; Zhao1990 [host, distribution, life history, biological control: 1-245].
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