| Approaches
to Conceptualizing Cultural Competence
A large body of Knowledge exists regarding ways to
think about cultural competence. The following authors
are highlighted because of their scope and substance,
their frequent citation in the literature, and the consensus
validation of their ideas and perspectives in the works
of many other authors:]
Cross, Bazron, and Isaacs discuss
how the process of cultural competence progresses along
a continuum that ranges from cultural destructiveness
to proficiency.
Campinha-Bacote outlines five components
of cultural competence: awareness, knowledge, skill,
encounters, and desire.
Carballeira introduces the "LIVE
& LEARN" model where "LIVE" stands
for Like, Inquire, Visit, Experience, while "LEARN"
stands for Listen, Evaluate, Acknowledge, Recommend,
and Negotiate.
Leininger describes a Sunrise Model
that includes seven dimensions:
1. Cultural values and lifeways,
2. Religious, philosophical, and spiritual beliefs;
3. Economic factors,
4. Educational factors,
5. Technological factors,
6. Kinship and social ties, and
7. Political and legal factors.
Davidhizar and Giger present a model
of transcultural assessment that examines:
1. Communication,
2. Space,
3. Time,
4. Social organization,
5. Environmental Control, and
6. Biological variations.
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