Agricultural Chemical Usage The 2002 chemical use summaries for vegetables, field crops, and postharvest chemical provide pesticide data on 7 Michigan vegetables, soybeans, and chemical applications made to apples postharvest. Vegetable chemical use statistics are published every other year alternating with fruit chemical use statistics. Postharvest chemical use statistics for apples are published every 5 years. The entire series of chemical useage statistics since 1990 for Michigan and the U.S. can be accessed at http://www.usda.gov/nass. A list of associated trade names is provided following the chemical application tables as an aid in reviewing data and does not mean to imply use of any specfic trade name. Asparagus: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : 2,4-D : 30 1 1.2 1.27 6 Diuron : 96 1.8 1.24 2.3 35.3 Glyphosate : 80 1.5 0.73 1.12 14.2 Linuron : 8 1.2 0.62 0.74 0.9 Metribuzin : 66 1.7 0.42 0.71 7.5 Paraquat : 26 1.1 0.56 0.61 2.6 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 88 3.2 0.63 2.06 28.9 Chlorpyrifos : 54 1 0.87 0.89 7.7 Permethrin : 58 2.5 0.09 0.22 2 : Fungicides : Chlorothalonil : 66 2.9 1.41 4.08 43.2 Mancozeb : 26 2.2 1.43 3.27 13.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 16,000 acres. Snap Beans, Processing: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Bentazon : 46 1.0 0.09 0.09 0.7 EPTC : 36 1.0 3.23 3.23 19.2 Fomesafen : 32 1.0 0.12 0.12 0.7 S-Metolachlor : 59 1.0 1.16 1.18 11.6 Trifluralin : 31 1.0 0.59 0.59 3.1 : Insecticides : Acephate : 25 1.1 0.76 0.88 3.7 Bifenthrin : 50 1.1 0.04 0.05 0.4 Dimethoate : 23 1.0 0.33 0.36 1.4 Disulfoton : 31 1.0 0.88 0.88 4.6 Esfenvalerate : 20 1.0 0.04 0.04 0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 16,700 acres. Carrots, Fresh: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Fluazifop-P-butyl : 94 1.3 0.16 0.22 1 Linuron : 74 2.5 0.52 1.32 4.6 : Insecticides : Esfenvalerate : 28 4 0.03 0.12 0.2 : Fungicides : Chlorothalonil : 84 4.7 0.84 3.94 15.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 4,700 acres. Sweet Corn, Fresh: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : 2,4-D : 2/ 1.0 0.53 0.53 0.1 Alachlor : 12 1.0 2.13 2.13 2.9 Atrazine : 78 1.2 0.86 1.11 9.5 Bentazon : 34 1.0 0.53 0.54 2.0 Dimethenamid : 2 1.0 0.89 0.89 0.2 Glyphosate : 3 1.0 0.80 0.83 0.3 Pendimethalin : 5 1.0 1.13 1.13 0.6 S-Metolachlor : 58 1.0 1.11 1.11 7.1 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 6 3.0 0.91 2.75 1.7 Cyfluthrin : 3 3.0 0.05 0.14 3/ Esfenvalerate : 12 2.6 0.04 0.10 0.1 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 63 2.7 0.02 0.07 0.5 Methomyl : 25 1.2 0.33 0.42 1.2 Permethrin : 10 2.8 0.13 0.36 0.4 Terbufos : 10 1.0 0.95 0.95 1.0 Thiodicarb : 31 2.5 0.61 1.57 5.4 : Fungicides : Propiconazole : 5 1.5 0.08 0.13 0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 11,000 acres. 2/ Area applied is less than one percent. 3/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Cucumbers, Fresh: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Clomazone : 28 1.0 0.14 0.14 0.3 Ethalfluralin : 54 1.0 0.95 0.95 3.5 Glyphosate : 3 1.9 1.10 2.11 0.5 Paraquat : 33 1.0 0.63 0.63 1.4 S-Metolachlor : 6 1.0 2.22 2.22 0.9 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 12 1.5 0.92 1.39 1.1 Endosulfan : 47 1.9 0.51 0.99 3.1 Esfenvalerate : 45 1.7 0.04 0.06 0.2 Permethrin : 21 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.1 : Fungicides : Chlorothalonil : 76 1.9 1.33 2.59 13.4 Copper hydroxide : 74 1.9 0.37 0.71 3.6 : Other Chemicals : Chloropicrin : 5 1.0 97.12 97.12 31.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 6,800 acres. Cucumbers, Pickles: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Clomazone : 59 1.0 0.13 0.13 2.7 Ethalfluralin : 70 1.0 0.57 0.57 14.1 Halosulfuron : 31 1.0 0.02 0.02 0.2 Naptalam : 17 1.0 0.75 0.76 4.6 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 4 1.1 0.60 0.68 0.9 Carbofuran : 13 1.0 0.99 0.99 4.4 Endosulfan : 1 3.0 0.49 1.52 0.8 Esfenvalerate : 4 1.4 0.03 0.05 0.1 : Fungicides : Chlorothalonil : 12 1.3 1.41 1.91 8.2 Copper hydroxide : 6 1.5 0.55 0.87 1.8 Mefenoxam : 10 1.0 0.11 0.11 0.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 35,500 acres. Pumpkins: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Bensulide : 2/ 1.0 4.76 4.76 0.2 Clomazone : 44 1.0 0.38 0.39 1.0 Ethalfluralin : 37 1.0 0.68 0.70 1.6 Glyphosate : 4 1.0 0.68 0.69 0.2 Trifluralin : 3 1.0 0.71 0.71 0.1 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 30 1.8 0.90 1.70 3.1 Endosulfan : 9 2.0 0.70 1.42 0.7 Esfenvalerate : 37 2.7 0.03 0.09 0.2 Malathion : 2 1.0 0.74 0.79 0.1 : Fungicides : Azoxystrobin : 3 1.0 0.20 0.20 3/ Chlorothalonil : 48 2.5 1.35 3.39 9.8 Copper hydroxide : 23 1.8 0.51 0.93 1.3 Mancozeb : 2 2.0 0.79 1.62 0.2 Mefenoxam : 7 1.5 0.18 0.27 0.1 Myclobutanil : 36 1.5 0.09 0.15 0.3 Thiophanate-methyl : 3 2.0 0.65 1.33 0.2 Triadimefon : 6 1.0 0.07 0.07 3/ Trifloxystrobin : 20 2.2 0.06 0.13 0.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 6,000 acres. 2/ Area applied is less than one percent. 3/ Total applied is less than 50 lbs. Squash: Agricultural chemical applications, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied :Applications:application: crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides : Bensulide : 2/ 1.0 4.42 4.42 0.2 Clomazone : 35 1.0 0.17 0.17 0.4 Ethalfluralin : 60 1.0 0.83 0.85 3.7 Glyphosate : 5 1.4 0.79 1.15 0.4 : Insecticides : Carbaryl : 40 2.4 0.84 2.09 6.0 Carbofuran : 13 1.0 0.59 0.59 0.5 Diazinon : 1 1.1 1.64 1.83 0.2 Endosulfan : 13 2.7 0.57 1.60 1.5 Esfenvalerate : 27 1.9 0.04 0.07 0.1 Malathion : 4 2.3 0.81 1.90 0.6 Permethrin : 20 1.5 0.14 0.21 0.3 : Fungicides : Chlorothalonil : 63 2.7 1.44 3.87 17.4 Copper hydroxide : 30 2.7 0.54 1.47 3.2 Mefenoxam : 16 1.7 0.10 0.18 0.2 Myclobutanil : 13 1.4 0.10 0.14 0.1 Thiophanate-methyl : 4 1.6 0.31 0.51 0.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 7,200 acres. 2/ Area applied is less than one percent. Apples: Postharvest chemical applications, 2001-02 marketing year 1/ 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Volume : Applications : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : treated : : application : market year : applied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number -- Pounds per 1,000 lbs -- 1,000 lbs : Diphenylamine : 2.16 1.0 3/ 3/ 0.1 Thiabendazole : 9.13 1.0 0.04 0.04 4.3 : 7.34 1.1 0.01 0.01 1.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Volume handled by Michigan apple storage and processing facilities was 1,261 million pounds. 2/ Insufficient or limited reports to publish usage data for alkaline cleaner, calcium chloride, captan, chlorine, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, and fruit wax. 3/ Rate applied is less than 0.01 pounds per 1,000 pounds. Agricultural chemical applications: Soybeans, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total chemical : applied : Applications : application : crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds : Herbicides : Glyphosate : 82 1.2 0.86 1.06 1,791 Glyphosate diam salt: 9 1.3 0.71 0.92 163 Imazethapyr : 12 1.0 0.06 0.06 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 2.05 million acres. Fertilizer applications: Soybeans, 2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Area : : Rate per : Rate per : Total Fertilizer :Symbol: applied : Applications : application : crop year : applied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent Number Pounds per acre Million pounds : : Nitrogen : N : 44 1.0 26 27 24.4 Phosphate : P2O5 : 34 1.0 46 46 32.0 Potash : K2O : 67 1.0 82 87 119.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acres in 2002 were 2.05 million acres. Agricultural chemicals: Common and trade names by class Herbicides Insecticides Common name Trade name Common name Trade name 2, 4-D several names Acephate Acephate, Orthene, Payload Alachlor Bullet, Lasso, Lasso II, Lariat, Micro-Tech, Bifenthrin Attain, Brigade, Capture, Talstar Saddle Carbaryl Agway Fruit Tree Spray, Carbaryl, Sevin Atrazine several names Carbofuran Furadan Bensulide Prefar Chlorpyrifos several names Bentazon Basagran, Laddok, Pledge, Laddok S-12, Cyfluthrin Baythroid, Decathlon, Duraplex, Tempo Basagran T/O Aztec Clomazone Command Diazinon Diazinon, Knox Out, Spectracide, Dimethenamid Guardsman, Frontier, LeadOff, OpTill Spectracide 25 Diuron Direx, Diuron, Karmex, Krovar, Sprakil Dimethoate Cygon, Digon, Dimate, Dimethoate EPTC Eptam, Eradicane Extra Dimet, Cymate, De-Fend Ethalfluralin Sonalan, Curbit, Strategy Disulfoton Di-Syston Fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade, Fusion, Ornamec Endosulfan Endocide, Endosulfan, Phaser, Thiodan Fomesafen Reflex Thirethn Glyphosate several names Esfenvalerate Asana Glyphosate diam salt Touchdown Lambda-cyhalothrin Karate, Warrior Halosulfuron Permit, Yukon, Sandea Malathion Agway Fruit Tree Spray, Cythion, Imazethapyr Pursuit, Pursuit W, Pursuit Plus, Lightning, Fyfanon, Green Devil, Malathion, Atrapa Extreme, Steel Methomyl Lannate, Methomyl Linuron Linex, Lorox Permethrin several names Metribuzin Lexone, Sencor, Axiom Terbufos Counter Naptalam Alanap Thiodicarb Larvin Paraquat Cyclone, Gramoxone Pendimethalin Corral, OH 2, Pendimax, Pendulum, Prowl, Pursuit Plus, Squadron, Steel, Stomp S-Metolachlor several names Trifluralin Preen, Snapshot, Treflan, Trifluralin, Trilin Trust Fungicides Other Common Name Trade Name Common Name Trade Name Azoxystrobin Abound, Heritage, ICIA5504, Quadris Chloropicrin several names Chlorothalonil several names Chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide Copper hydroxide several names Diphenylamine several names Mancozeb several names Mefenoxam Flouronil, Quell, Ridomil, Subdue Myclobutanil Eagle, Laredo, Nova, Rally, RH-144228, Systhane Propiconazole Banner, Orbit, Tilt, Stratego Thiabendazole several names Thiophanate-methyl Duosan, Fungo Flo, Systec, Topsin, Zyban Triadimefon Bayleton, Reach Trifloxystrobin Compass, Flint Commercial fertilizer consumption: 1998-2002 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Year ending June 30 Item :----------------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 2000 : 2001 : 2002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Short tons : Primary plant nutrients : Total N : 248,102 263,948 249,543 238,810 240,680 N in multi-nutrients : 58,790 62,713 57,104 55,076 55,048 Total P2O5 : 92,236 94,890 87,001 85,873 84,734 P2O5 in multi-nutrients : 90,323 92,063 84,539 83,794 82,377 Total K2O : 213,954 211,739 202,481 184,568 189,200 K2O in multi-nurtrients : 66,246 60,635 47,828 47,563 41,924 Total plant nutrients : 554,291 570,576 539,024 509,251 514,615 Average analysis : 44.8 43.1 42.9 42.6 43.1 Total nutrients in multi-nutrients : 215,360 215,411 189,471 186,433 179,349 : Selected single-nutrient materials : Ammonium nitrate : 6,483 9,533 5,622 6,287 5,405 Anhydrous ammonia : 71,765 68,349 56,757 50,984 52,766 Nitrogen solutions : 269,136 300,761 265,544 288,641 284,355 Urea : 88,167 98,820 126,452 110,001 107,305 Ammonium sulfate : 20,168 20,468 22,477 22,164 23,569 Concentrated superphosphate : 3,961 4,880 4,966 3,945 4,984 Potassium chloride : 237,257 244,519 250,410 221,427 236,720 : Multiple-nutrient fertilizers : N-P-K : 387,053 388,303 361,992 366,861 334,670 N-P : 115,178 124,833 115,616 122,840 129,900 N-K : 26,527 27,386 22,281 24,353 27,096 P-K : 7,891 5,526 4,561 4,771 3,831 : Leading multiple-nutrient grades : 10-34-0 : 35,525 42,668 37,385 40,775 44,303 18-46-0 : 36,974 37,709 34,569 33,232 36,672 11-52-0 : 14,860 20,069 24,987 26,571 24,636 19-19-19 : 18,527 21,201 11,564 13,035 13,989 9-24-3 : 2,917 4,674 8,510 9,150 11,627 28-3-3 : 5,265 5,595 4,517 7,761 : Fertilizer consumption by classes : Dry bulk single-nutrient : 401,282 430,931 452,227 382,845 392,966 Dry bagged single-nutrient : 9,267 7,581 7,453 14,862 23,385 Fluid single-nutrient : 348,333 371,425 324,357 343,883 339,295 Dry bulk multiple-nutrient : 293,499 283,761 259,482 243,576 223,668 Dry bagged multiple-nutrient : 179,578 187,767 165,491 188,375 187,396 Fluid multiple-nutrient : 63,570 76,463 79,476 86,874 84,433 Organics, secondary and micronutrients : 38,839 37,943 39,220 24,729 31,883 : Total : 1,334,370 1,395,870 1,327,707 1,285,144 1,283,026 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Source: The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials