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00.029.0.01.001. Maize streak virus

Cite this publication as: ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.029.0.01.001. Maize streak virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA

Cite this site as: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/

Table of Contents

Isolate Description

Location: South Africa.

Host of Isolate and Habitat Details
Source of isolate: Zea mays.

Natural host and symptoms
Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Saccharum ssp., Panicum maximum, Setaria verticillata, Digitaria abyssinica, Digitaria velutina, Cenchrus echinatus, Brachiaria reptens, Coix lacryma-jobi, Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Sorghum sudanense, Eleusine africana, Eleusine indica, Rottboellia exaltata, Setaria homonyma, Setaria pallidifusca, Urochloa panicoides, Urochloa trichopus — chlorotic or white streaking or lesions. Comments on host and host range: all isolates tested infect Zea mays cv. Golden Cross Bantam.

Reference to Isolation Report
Fuller (1901, Bock et al. (1974, Storey (1925, Rose (1978, Gorter (1953).

Classification

This is a description of a plant virus at the species level with data on all virus properties from morphology to genome, replication, antigenicity and biological properties.

ICTVdB Virus Code: 00.029.0.01.001. Virus accession number: 29001001. Obsolete virus code: 29.0.1.0.001; superceded accession number: 29010001.
NCBI Taxon Identifier NCBI Taxonomy ID: 10821.

Name, Synonyms and Lineage

Synonym(s): bajra streak virus (Seth et al., 1972a & 1972b), cereal African streak virus, maize streak A virus. ICTV approved acronym: MSV. Virus is the type species of the genus 00.029.0.01. Mastrevirus; family 00.029. Geminiviridae.

Virion Properties

Morphology

Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 18 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers. With a length of 30 nm.






















Electron micrograph of Geminiviridae by R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia, CRN, Torino, Italy.

Electron microscopic preparation and references: Virus preparation contains many virions. UA is best. ISEM is most reliable. Reference for electron microscopic methods: von Wechmar and Milne (1982).

Physicochemical and Physical Properties

There are 2 sedimenting component(s) found in purified preparations (in sucrose (Howell, 1984). However, one could be of damaged virion as most geminiviruses sediment as a single component). The sedimentation coefficient is of the fastest 76 S20w; of the other(s) are 54 S20w. The longevity in vitro (LIV) is more than 7 days. The infectivity is retained when deproteinized with phenol or detergent (via agroinfection).

Nucleic Acid

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular, ambisense, single-stranded DNA that forms a closed circle. The complete genome is 2690 nucleotides long. The DNA is fully sequenced, complete sequence is 2689 nucleotides long (Nigerian isolate, Mullineaux, 1984; 2.690, South African isolate, Lazarowitz, 1988; 2.681, Kenyan isolate, Howell, 1984). Sequence has the accession number
[K02026] Gb(84)_vi:MZS Maize streak virus, complete genome. 6/88 2,687bp.
[M26262] Em(40)_vi:GEMZSMSV Gb(84)_vi:MZSMSV Maize streak virus putative primer of second-strand synthesis. 2/90 81bp.
[S54420] Em(40)_vi:S54420 Gb(84)_vi:S54420 (upstream activating sequence, promoter) maize streak virus, Genomic, 134 nt. 11/93 134bp.
[X01089] Em(40)_vi:GEMSVKV Gb(84)_vi:GEMSVKV Maize streak virus (Kenyan isolate) virion strand (MSV-K). 7/89 2,681bp.
[X01633] Em(40)_vi:GEMSV01 Gb(84)_vi:GEMSV01 Maize streak virus DNA sequence (MSV). 9/93 2,687bp.
[Y00514] Em(40)_vi:GEMSVSXX Gb(84)_vi:GEMSVSXX Maize streak virus (MSV-S) infectious genome. 9/93 2,690bp.
[U20768] Em(43)_vi:Ms20768 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20768 Maize streak virus replication associated protein gene, partial cds. 5/95 227bp.
[U20769] Gb(89)n:Msu20769 Maize streak virus RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 6/95 227bp.
[U20870] Em(43)_vi:Ms20870 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20870 Maize streak virus RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 4/95 251bp.
[U20871] Em(43)_vi:Ms20871 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20871 Maize streak virus strain Wheat/Eleusine replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, parti
[U20893] Em(43)_vi:Ms20893 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20893 Maize streak virus movement protein (V1) gene, partial cds. 3/95 303bp.
[U20904] Em(43)_vi:Ms20904 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20904 Maize streak virus replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 5/95 227bp.
[U20905] Em(43)_vi:Ms20905 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20905 Maize streak virus strain Tas replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 5/9
[X71953] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpa Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpa Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y852). 11/94 992bp.
[X71954] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpb Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpb Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N64). 11/94 990bp.
[X71955] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpc Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpc Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y511). 11/94 990bp.
[X71956] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpd Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpd Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N58). 11/94 992bp.
[X71957] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpe Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpe Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y861). 11/94 990bp.
[X71958] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpf Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpf Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y831). 11/94 991bp.
[X71959] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpg Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpg Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N74). 11/94 991bp.
[X71960] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcph Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcph Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y845). 11/94 917bp.
[X71961] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpi Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpi Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y946). 11/94 992bp.
[X71962] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpj Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpj Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y9614). 11/94 992bp.
[X71963] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpk Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpk Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y803). 11/94 990bp.
[X71964] Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpl Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpl Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone O154). 11/94 992bp. The genome has a base ratio of 25.7 % guanine; 25.4 % adenine; 23.6 % cytosine; 25.3 % thymidine. The genome has no intergenic poly (A) region (but does have polyadenylated transcripts). Reference to nucleotide sequence Mullineaux et al. (1984, Howell (1984, Lazarowitz (1988).

GenBank records for nucleotide sequences; complete genome sequences.

Proteins

The viral genome encodes structural proteins and non-structural proteins. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s).

Non-Structural Proteins: Virus-coded non-structural proteins have been identified by sequence analysis (Mullineaux et al. (1984)) and 1 non-structural protein is found.

Lipids

Lipids are not reported.

Genome Organization and Replication

By itself, genomic nucleic acid is not infectious (coat protein is essential for transmission by leafhoppers, but cloned DNA can infect by agroinfection).

Transcription: Sub-genomic RNA is present in infected cells (Morris-Krsinich et al., 1985).

Translation: The genome replicates in the nucleus.

Replication cycle Features: the genome has promoters, stem loops and ORF information see Mullineaux et al. (1984).

Antigenicity

The virus does not show serological relationships to African cassava mosaic and chloris striate mosaic viruses.

Diagnostics and Reference Collections

The best tests for diagnosis are use Cicadulina mbila to transmit to Zea mays cv. Golden Bantam.

Biological Properties

Natural Host

Domain
Viral hosts belong to the Domain Eucarya.

Domain Eucarya
Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms, Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae).

Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae)
Subclass COMMELINIDAE; Order Poales.

Severity and Occurrence of Disease

Host: Signs and symptoms persist.

Transmission and Vector Relationships

Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between hosts; not transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.

Vector Transmission:
Virus is transmitted by arthropods, by insects of the order Hemiptera, family Cicadellidae; Cicadulina mbila, C. arachidis, C. bipunctella, C. triangula, C. bimaculata, C. similis, C. latens, C. ghaurii, C. parazeae. Virus is transmitted in a persistent manner; retained when the vector moults; does not replicate in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.

Experimental Hosts and Symptoms

Under experimental conditions susceptibility to infection by virus is found in many families. Susceptible host species are found in the Family Gramineae. The following species were susceptible to experimental virus infection: Aegilops cylindrica, Aegilops triaristata, Aegilops triuncialis, Aegilops umbellulata, Agropyron sibiricum (=Agropyron cristatum), Agrostis gigantea, Alopecurus pratensis, Andropogon gerardi, Avena fatua, Avena sativa, Bothriochloa alta, Brachiaria eruciformis, Brachiaria reptens, Bromus uniloides, Calamagrostis canadensis, Cenchrus argentina, Cenchrus cucullata, Cenchrus echinatus, Cenchrus gayana, Cenchrus radiata, Cenchrus submutica, Cenchrus virgata, Chloris gayana, Coix lacryma-jobi, Cymbopogon distans, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria abyssinica, Digitaria enantha, Digitaria horizontalis, Digitaria longiflora, Digitaria marginata, Digitaria milanjiana, Digitaria sanguinalis, Digitaria ternata, Digitaria velutina, Echinochloa polystachya, Eleusine africana, Eleusine coracana, Eleusine indica, Elytrigia repens, Eragrostis abyssinica, Eragrostis aspera, Eragrostis ciliaris, Eragrostis curvula, Eragrostis valida, Euchlaena mexicana, Festuca arundinacea, Glyceria fluitans, Heteropogon contortus, Holcus lanatus, Hordeum vulgare, Hyparrhenia rufa, Imperata arundinacea, Leptochloa virgata, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium subulatum, Panicum bergii, Panicum coloratum, Panicum hallii, Panicum maximum, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum texanum, Panicum virgatum, Paspalum almum, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum urvillei, Pennisetum clandestinum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rottboellia exaltata, Saccharum, Schedonnardus paniculatus, Schizachrium scoparium, Secale cereale, Setaria chevalieri, Setaria faberi, Setaria homonyma, Setaria italica, Setaria pallidifusca, Setaria verticillata, Setaria viridis, Sorghastrum nutans, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum sudanense, Trichachne californica, Trichloris crinita, Trichloris pluriflora, Triticum aestivum, Urochloa helopus, Urochloa panicoides, Urochloa trichopus, Vaseyochloa multinervosa, Zea mays.

Host:
Experimentally infected hosts mainly show symptoms of streaks and spots.

Experimentally infected insusceptible Hosts: Families containing insusceptible hosts: Gramineae. Species inoculated with virus that do not show signs of susceptibility: Agropyron cristatum, Agrostis canina, Agrostis palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis tenuis, Alopecurus aequalis, Andropogon hallii, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bothriochloa barbinodis, Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua hirsuta, Bromus carinatus, Bromus erectus, Bromus inermis, Cenchrus canterai, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus distichophylla, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Dactylis glomerata, Dactyloctenium gigantea, Digitaria decumbens, Digitaria valida, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Elymus canadensis, Eremochloa ophiuroides, Euchlaena perennis, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Hordeum jubatum, Leersia hexandra, Panicum coloratum var. Makarikari, Panicum maximum, Paspalum dilatatum, Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Pennisetum macrorum, Pennisetum typhoides, Phalaris arundinacea, Phalaris tuberosa, Phleum pratense, Poa compressa, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Setaria italica, Setaria nigrirostris, Setaria sphacelata, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, Sorghum miliaceum, Sorghum propinguum, Sorghum vulgare, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Tripsacum dactyloides, Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis.

Diagnostic Hosts

Diagnostic host species and symptoms:

Zea mays — systemic chlorotic streaking.

Diagnostic host: insusceptible host species Zea perennis, Zea diploperennis, Pennisetum americanum.

Maintenance and Propagation Hosts

Most commonly used maintenance and propagation host species are Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Assay Hosts

Host: Assay hosts (for Local lesions or Whole plants):
Hordeum vulgare (W), Triticum aestivum (W), Zea mays cv. Golden Cross Bantam (W).

References to host data: Bock et al. (1974, Rose (1978, Damsteegt (1983, Storey (1925, Storey and McClean (1930).

Histopathology: Virus can be best detected in leaves, mesophyll, epidermis, meristem, vascular parenchyma, companion cells and all parts of the host plant. Virions are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell vacuole.

Cytopathology: Inclusions are present in infected cells. Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the nucleus. Nuclear inclusion bodies are crystals. Cytoplasmic inclusions are viroplasma. Inclusions contain mature virions. Other cellular changes include changes in chloroplasts and other organelles destroyed.

Geographical Distribution

The virus spreads in Africa. The virus occurs in India, Madagascar, Reunion, and Yemen.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Studies reported by Rose (1973a; b; 1974; 1978).

List of Strains and Isolates in the Species

Maize strain, Panicum maximum strain, sugarcane strain, Digitaria setigera strain.

References

Bock, K. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 133, 4 pp.

Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J. and Woods, R.D. (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 77: 289.

Boulton, M.I., King, D.I., Donson, J. and Davies, J.W. (1991). Virology 183: 114.

Damsteegt, V.D. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 734.

Fuller, C. (1901). In: 1st Rep. Gov. Entomologist, Natal, pp. 17-18.

Gorter, G.J.MA (1953). Union S. Afr. Sci. Bull.

Howarth, AJ. and Vandemark, G.J. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2717.

Howell, S.H. (1984). Nucl. Acids Res. 12:

Lazarowitz, S.G. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 229.

Mullineaux, P.M., Donson, J., Morris-Krsinich, BA.M., Boulton, M. and Davies, J.W. (1984). EMBO J. 3: 3063.

Pinner, M.S., Markham, P.G., Markham, RH and Dekker, E.L. (1988). Pl. Path. 37: 74.

Rose, D.J.W. (1973a). Bull. ent. Res. 62: 477.

Rose, D.J.W. (1973b). Bull. ent. Res. 62: 497.

Rose, D.J.W. (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 76: 199.

Rose, D.J.W. (1978). Ann. Rev. Ent. 23: 259.

Seth, M.L., Raychaudhuri, S.P. and Singh, D.V. (1972a). Curr. Sci. 41: 684.

Seth, M.L., Raychaudhuri, S.P. and Singh, D.V. (1972b). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 424.

Storey, HH (1924). Nature, Lond. 114; 245.

Storey, HH (1925). Science Bull. 39: 30 pp.

Storey, HH and McClean, AP.D. (1930). Ann. appl. Biol. 17: 691.

Von Wechmar, M.B. and Milne, R.G. (1983). Phytopathology 72: 164.

The following generic references are cited in the most recent ICTV Report.

PubMed References.

VIDEdB, the plant virus database developed at the Australian National University by Adrian J. Gibbs and collaborators, contains an earlier description with the number 474 by M.B. von Wechmar, 1985. Revised by P.G. Markham and M.I. Boulton, 1989. A description of the virus is found in DPV, a database for plant viruses developed by the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB), with the number 133.

Images

Taxon images: • EM by Robert G. Milne. • EM from IACR Rothamsted.



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DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by, or using data from experts in the field of virology or members ICTV. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web from the descriptions in DELTA-format. The description has been generated automatically from DELTA files. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy developed by Dr Mike Dallwitz, Toni Paine and Eric Zurcher, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, developed for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Dr Cornelia Büchen-Osmond, is written in DELTA. The virus descriptions in ICTVdB are coded by ICTV members and experts, or by the ICTVdB Management using data provided by the experts, the literature or the latest ICTV Report. The character list is the underlying code. All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.

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