TITLE: Legumes in Crop Rotations
PUBLICATION DATE: June 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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Legumes in Crop Rotations
January 1990 - December 1993
QB 94-38
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Legumes in Crop Rotations
January 1990 - December 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-38
Updates QB 90-02 and QB 88-45
429 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
June 1994
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gold, Mary V.
Legumes in crop rotations : January 1990-December 1993.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-38)
1. Crop rotation--Bibliography. 2. Legumes--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-38
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Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between
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SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's
AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and
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JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
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on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
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Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
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AUDIOVISUAL:
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Title.
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(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
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1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools, 1981. NET funded.
Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
Legumes in Crop Rotations
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Description
=== ============
S1. ROTAT? OR (GREEN()MANURE?) OR (COVER()CROP?) OR (CROP?(2N)SEQUENCE?)
OR (LEY()FARM?) OR LEYS
S2 LEGUM? OR ARACHIS OR PEANUT? OR GROUNDNUT? OR ASTRAGALUS OR CROTALARIA
OR (GLYCINE MAX) OR SOYBEAN? OR SOYA? OR LUPIN? OR MEDICAGO OR ALFALFA
OR MELIOTUS OR CLOVER OR MUCUNA OR BEAN OR BEANS OR PISUM OR PUERARIA
OR SESBANIA OR TRIFOLIUM OR VICIA OR VIGNA OR CANAVALIA OR LATHYRUS OR
LENS OR PEA OR PEAS OR PHASEOLUS OR AESCHYNOMENE OR ASTRAGALUS OR
CALOPOGONIUM OR CENTROSEMA OR INDIGOFERA OR VETCH OR COWPEA? OR MEDIC
S3 S1 AND S2
S4 S3 NOT (ORCHARD? OR FOREST? OR PASTUR? OR GRAZ?)
S5 S4 NOT (RNA OR TRNA OR MRNA OR DNA)
S6 S5/ENGLISH
S7 S6/1990-1993
Legumes in Crop Rotations
1 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
1989 soybean on-farm test report.
Dunphy, E.J.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Mar.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State
University v.): 29 p.; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Varieties; Rotations; Crop yield;
Seed sources; Row spacing; Tillage; Repellents; Statistics; Variety trials
2 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
1991 crop enterprise budgets: winter wheat-dry pea rotation -- Columbia County,
Washington.
Hinman, H.; Schirman, R.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1617): 19 p.; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Farm budgeting; Cost
analysis; Pisum sativum
3 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
1992 peanut: insect, disease, nematode, and weed control recommendations.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University (360):
11 p.; 1992 Feb. In Subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Insect control; Disease control;
Nematode control; Weed control; Integrated pest management; Insects;
Insecticides; Plant diseases; Nematoda; Fungicides; Nematicides; Herbicides;
Weeds; Rotations; Record keeping
4 NAL Call. No.: S650.83.M36 1991
Accounting for nitrogen in nonequilibrium soil-crop systems.
Schepers, J.S.; Mosier, A.R.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1991.
Managing nitrogen for groundwater quality and farm profitability : proceedings
of a symposium. p. 125-138; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nitrogen fertilizers; Crop management; Soil analysis;
Mineralization; Irrigation water; Legumes; Rotations; Animal manures;
Volatilization
5 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Accumulation of some metals by legumes and their extractability from acid mine
spoils.
Taylor, R.W.; Ibeabuci, I.O.; Sistani, K.R.; Shuford, J.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 176-180; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Vigna unguiculata; Trifolium incarnatum;
Trifolium pratense; Lespedeza striata; Lespedeza cuneata; Heavy metals; Ion
uptake; Coal mine spoil; Dry matter accumulation; Phytotoxicity; Extraction;
Soil analysis; Soil acidity; Spoil heap soils; Reclamation
Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the growth (dry
matter yield) of selected legume cover crops; phytoaccumulation of metals such
as Zn, Ma, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Al; and extractability of heavy metals from three
different Alabama acid mine spoils. The spoils were amended based on soil test
recommended levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg prior to plant growth. Metals were
extracted by three extractants (Mehlich 1, DTPA, and 0.1 M HCl) and values
correlated with their accumulation by the selected legumes. Among the cover
crops, kobe lespedeza [Lespedeza striata (Thung.) Hook & Arn.], sericea
lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.) G. Don], and red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.) did not survive the stressful conditions of the spoils. However, cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata L.) followed by 'Bragg' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
generally produced the highest dry matter yield while accumulating the largest
quantity of metals, except Al, from spoils. The extractability of most metals
from the spoils was generally in the order of: 0.1 M HCl > Mehlich 1 > DTPA.
Mehlich 1 did not extract Pb and 0.1 M HCl did not extract Ni, whereas DTPA
extracted all the metals in a smiler amount relative to HCl and Mehlich 1. All
the extractants were quite effective in removing plant-available Zn from the
spoils. In general, the extractants' ability to predict plant-available metals
depended on the crop species, spoil type, and extractant used.
6 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Acidification of soil associated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in
north-eastern Victoria.
Coventry, D.R.; Slattery, W.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p. 391-397; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Lupinus; Rotations; Triticum; Acidification; Long term
experiments; Leaching; Nitrates; Rain; Sandy loam soils; Soil acidity; Soil ph;
Alkalinity; Crop yield; Continuous cropping
7 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Acidification of soil assoicated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in
north-eastern Victoria.
Coventry, D.R.; Slattery, W.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p. 391-397; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Triticum; Lupinus; Soil acidity; Soil ph; Long term
experiments; Rotations
8 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Additional studies on the use of bahiagrass for the management of root-knot and
cyst nematodes in soybean.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Weaver, D.B.; Robertson, D.G.; Carden, E.L.; Pegues, M.L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1991 Dec.
Nematropica v. 21 (2): p. 203-210; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cultivars; Pest resistance; Heterodera glycines;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Aldicarb; Chemical control; Cultural control;
Monoculture; Nematode control; Paspalum notatum; Rotations
9 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Agricultural use of organic amendments: a historical perspective.
Parr, J.F.; Hornick, S.B.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (4): p. 181-189; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organic fertilizers; History; Erosion; Composting; Soil organic
matter; Sewage sludge; Solid wastes; Soil fertility
Abstract: Agricultural research conducted in the United States since
establishment of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and Land-Grant University
System in 1862 has shown that regular and proper additions of organic
materials are very important for maintaining the tilth, fertility, and
productivity of agricultural soils, protecting them from wind and water
erosion, and preventing nutrient losses by runoff and leaching. Several
millennia earlier, Roman agriculturists were advocating crop rotations, green
manuring, composts, legumes, farmyard manures, crop residues, wood ashes,
seaweed, and sewage wastes for supplying humus and nutrients to restore or
enhance soil productivity. Even earlier, Asian farmers also used these
practices to maintain healthy and productive soils. Today the most serious
problem in U.S. agriculture and agriculture worldwide is the widespread
degradation of agricultural soils through erosion and the consequential
decline in productivity. In view of how much information is available on the
benefits of organic recycling on agricultural lands, one wonders why we aren't
doing a better job of protecting and conserving our land resource base. We
discuss strategies for using organic resources more effectively to achieve a
more sustainable agriculture for the future.
10 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Agroecosystem management effects on soil carbon and nitrogen.
Wood, C.W.; Edwards, J.H.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p. 123-138; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Tillage; Conservation tillage; Continuous cropping;
Rotations; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil fertility; Nitrogen;
Carbon; Soil organic matter; Crop residues; Mineralization; Nutrient
availability; Soil depth; Biological activity in soil; Subtropics
11 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa: characterization and effects of
preceding crops and residue incorporation.
Hegde, R.S.; Miller, D.A.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Nov.
Crop science v. 30 (6): p. 1255-1259; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Medicago sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Rotations; Sequential
cropping; Allelopathy; Allelopathins; Phytotoxicity; Crop residues; Roots;
Shoots; Incorporation; Leachates; Bioassays; Seed germination; Growth rate
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is known to be both autotoxic and
allelopathic. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to
determine if 'WL-316' alfalfa exhibits short-term autotoxicity and long-term
autotoxicity and allelopathy. Long-term autotoxicity and allelopathy of
alfalfa were verified at Urbana, IL, by comparing the germination and growth of
alfalfa and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on Flanagan silt loam (fine,
montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) previously cropped to alfalfa
(alfalfa-soil) and sorghum (sorghum-soil). Short-term autotoxicity of alfalfa
was investigated by studying the effect of incorporating its roots only and
both roots and shoots on the germination and growth of alfalfa in alfalfa-soil
and sorghum-soil. The data were further supported by a laboratory bioassay of
seedling exudate and shoot leachate of alfalfa and sorghum. Plant height and
fresh weight per plant of alfalfa and fresh weight per plant of sorghum were
lower on alfalfa-soil than on sorghum-soil. Germination percentages of both
alfalfa and sorghum and plant height of sorghum were unaffected by the
preceding crop. The two soils differed in nutrient content, but fertility was
high and should not have been limiting to the growth of either crop. As a
result, allelopathic/autotoxic compounds in alfalfa-soil were implicated in the
growth inhibition of the two crops. Soil incorporation of fresh alfalfa roots
only or both roots and shoots reduced alfalfa emergence, plant height, and dry
weight per plant. Primary effects of water-soluble inhibitory
compounds from alfalfa shoot appeared to be on germination and radicle
elongation, the latter being apparently more sensitive than the former.
Alfalfa allelopathy seems to be more severe than autotoxicity. A flow diagram
describes different kinds of allelopathy and autotoxicity and various
situations that verify the existence of a particular kind of allelopathy or
autotoxicity.
12 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Alternative soil and pest management practices for sustainable production of
fresh-market cabbage.
Roberts, B.W.; Cartwright, B.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 1 (3): p. 21-35; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Brassica oleracea; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; Cover
crops; Soil; Sustainability; Soil management; Pest management
13 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
American jointvetch and partridge pea for the management of Meloidogyne
arenaria in peanut.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.; King, P.S.; Wells, L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1991 Jun.
Nematropica v. 21 (1): p. 97-103; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Crop yield; Meloidogyne arenaria;
Nematode control; Aldicarb; Cultural control; Rotations; Antagonists;
Aeschynomene Americana; Cassia
14 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P692
Analysis of disease-progress curves for take-all in consecutive crops of
winter wheat.
Werker, A.R.; Gilligan, C.A.; Hornby, D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Plant pathology v. 40 (1): p. 8-24; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Gaeumannomyces
graminis; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Infections; Disease models; Incidence
Abstract: Disease-progress curves of take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces
graminis var. tritici, were analysed for consecutive crops of winter wheat.
Comparisons were made over 9 years amongst a sequence of consecutive wheats and
first and second successive wheats grown after non-susceptible break crops
(spring beans). The principal objectives were to identify differences in the
shapes of the disease-progress curves that could be attributed to the
rotational treatments. Shapes of disease-progress curves were summarized by
average rate of disease increase and components for curvature together with the
mean amount of disease. Analyses were done for curves based upon
percentages of diseased plants and of diseased roots. Mean levels of disease in
second and continuous wheats rose from the start of the experiment (1979) to
reach a maximum in the middle years (1982-84) and thereafter declined. This
pattern was absent in first wheats in which disease progress within years was
rectilinear and comparatively slow. In second and continuous wheats, years of
high disease were characterized by more marked curvature than years of low
disease. For proportions of diseased plants, the rate of disease increase in
second and continuous wheats slowed as the season progressed. Differences in
shapes of disease-progress curves for second and continuous wheats were
apparent when proportions of diseased roots rather than plants were
considered. The average linear rate of increase in the proportion of diseased
roots in continuous wheats was intermediate in magnitude between those of first
and second wheats. Epidemics in second wheats were initially slow and
accelerated as the season progressed, whilst in continuous wheats, an early
faster rate of increase in disease subsequently slowed. Some epidemiological
consequences of these effects are discussed in relation to the phenomenon of
take-all decline, which is associated with the suppression of the disease in
cereal monoculture. The effects of cropping
15 NAL Call. No.: 464.9 C16S
Anthracnose and Ascochyta blight of lentil in central Saskatchewan in 1992.
Morrall, R.A.A.; Beaule, R.; Ahmed, S.; Downing, J.L.; Pearse, P.G.
Ottawa : Research Branch, Agriculture Canada; 1993.
Canadian plant disease survey v. 73 (1): p. 91-92; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Lens culinaris; Ascochyta fabae; Blight;
Colletotrichum truncatum; Fungal diseases; Rotations; Disease surveys
16 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 AU7
Atrazine persistence and toxicity in two irrigated soils of Australia.
Bowmer, K.H.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1991.
Australian journal of soil research v. 29 (2): p. 339-350; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Zea mays; Atrazine; Herbicide residues;
Persistence; Irrigated soils; Clay soils; Soil temperature; Phytotoxicity;
Bioassays; Glycine max; Avena sativa; Brassica campestris var. rapa; Rotations
17 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Availability of N from 15N-labeled alfalfa residues to three succeeding barley
crops under field conditions.
Ta, T.C.; Faris, M.A.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 22 (6): p. 835-838; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nitrogen; Availability; Labeling; Medicago sativa; Crop residues;
Hordeum vulgare; Field crops; Rotations; Dry matter; Cropping systems; Nitrogen
fixation
18 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Bahiagrass in rotations shows promise for boosting peanut yields.
Jacobi, J.C.; Backman, P.A.; Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1991.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
v. 38 (2): p. 7; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Crop yield; Fungal diseases; Disease
control; Paspalum notatum; Rotations
19 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Barley semidwarf and standard isotype yield and malting quality response to
nitrogen.
Nedel, J.L.; Ullrich, S.E.; Clancy, J.A.; Pan, W.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993 Mar.
Crop science v. 33 (2): p. 258-263; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Cabt; Hordeum vulgare; Mutants; Dwarf cultivars;
Isotypes; Application rates; Nitrogen fertilizers; Correlated responses; Crop
yield; Crop quality; Malting quality; Grain; Yield components; Malting barley;
Rotations
Abstract: Introduction of certain semidwarf genes into wheat (Triticum spp.)
has improved N-use efficiency, particularly at high N supply. This study was
conducted to determine whether yield and grain quality differ between standard
height (STD) and mutant semidwarf (SD) malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
isotypes with varying levels of N supply. Isotype pairs ('Morex', 'Hazen',
'Norbert', and 'Andre') and check cultivars (Steptoe, Klages) were grown with
30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 in 1987 and 1989. Yield, grain characteristics,
and malting quality parameters were evaluated. The STD isotypes had higher
yield (6781 vs. 5642 and 5202 vs. 4504 kg ha-1 in 1987 and 1989, respectively)
and generally higher values for yield components and harvest index, as well as
better grain quality than their respective SD isotypes; however, two-row SD
isotypes had better malting quality than their STD isotypes. The generally
superior performance of STD isotypes in part may be due to the SD isotypes
being raw induced mutants that had not been improved by crossing. Malting
quality parameters, such as total malt protein and malt extract, were affected
negatively by N >60 kg ha-1, when the preceding crop was pea (Pisum sativum L.;
high N); however, for yield and some malt quality parameters such as
diastatic power, all genotypes responded significantly and positively to N
fertilization when the preceding crop was barley (low N). In general, the
response to N was similar for both barley types. As SD malting barley
cultivars are developed to control lodging, they may not utilize more N or
yield more than STD types.
20 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M9M65
Berseem clover: a potential hay and green manure crop for Montana.
Baldridge, D.; Dunn, R.; Ditterline, R.; Sims, J.; Welty, L.; Wichman, D.;
Westcott, M.; Stalknecht, G.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
Montguide MT : Agriculture - Montana State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (9201): 3 p.; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Trifolium alexandrinum; Bloat; Hay; Crop yield; Field
tests; Nutrient content; Green manures
21 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Best lupine or vetch and N fertilizer management practice for optimizing corn
ear leaf area, dry weight and N concentration.
Hagendorf, B.A.; Gallaher, B.N.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1992.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of
Florida (92-04): 17 p.; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Vicia villosa; Lupinus angustifolius; Leaf area;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Cover crops; Tillage; Soil management; Nitrogen content;
Dry matter
22 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Biological N2 fixation in wetland rice fields: estimation and contribution to
nitrogen balance.
Rogers, P.A.; Ladha, J.K.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 41-55; 1992. In the series
analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture / edited by
J.K. Ladha, T. George, and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented
in the symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Nitrogen fixation; Estimation; Analytical methods;
Saturated conditions; Reviews
Abstract: This paper 1) reviews improvements and new approaches in
methodologies for estimating biological N2 fixation (BNF) in wetland soils, 2)
summarizes earlier quantitative estimates and recent data, and 3) discusses the
contribution of BNF to N balance in wetland-rice culture. Measuring
acetylene reducing activity (ARA) is still the most popular method for
assessing BNF in rice fields. Recent studies confirm that ARA measurements
present a number of problems that may render quantitative extrapolations
questionable. On the other hand, few comparative measures show I ARA's
potential as a quantitative estimate. Methods for measuring photodependent and
associative ARA in field studies have been standardized, and major progress has
been made in sampling procedures. Standardized ARA measurements have shown
significant differences in associative N2 fixation among rice varieties. The
15N dilution method is suitable for measuring the percentage of N derived from
the atmosphere (% Ndfa) in legumes and rice. In particular, the N dilution
technique, using available soil N as control, appears to be a promising method
for screening rice varieties for ability to utilize biologically fixed N.
Attempts to adapt the 15N dilution method to aquatic N2 fixers Azolla and blue-
green algae [BGA]) encountered difficulties due to the rapid change in N
enrichment of the water. Differences in natural 15N abundance have been used to
show differences among plant organs and species or varieties in rice and
Azolla, and to estimate Ndfa by Azolla, but the method appears to be
semi-quantitative. Recent pot experiments using stabilized 15N-labelled soil or
balances in pots covered with black cloth indicate a contribution of 10-30 kg N
ha-1 crop-1 by heterotrophic BNF in flooded planted soil with no or
little N fertilizer used. Associative BNF extrapolated from ARA and 15N
incorporation range from 1 to 7 kg N ha-1 crop-1 Straw application increases
heterotrophic and photodependent BNF. Pot experiments show N gains of 2-4 mg N
g-1 straw added at 10 tons ha-1. N2 fixation by BGA has been almost
exclusively estimated by ARA and biomass measurements. Estimates by ARA range
from a few to 80 kg N ha-1 crop (average 27 kg). Recent extensive measurements
show extrapolated values of about 20 kg N ha-1 crop-1 in no-N plots, 8 kg in
plots with broadcast urea, and 12 kg in plots with deep-placed urea. Most
information on N2 fixed by Azolla and legume green manure comes from N
accumulation measurements and determination of % Ndfa. Recent trials in an
international network show standing crops of Azolla averaging 30-40 kg N ha-1
and the accumulation of 50-90 kg N ha-1 for two crops of Azolla grown before
and after transplanting rice. Estimates of % Ndfa in Azolla by 15N dilution and
delta 15N methods range from 51 to 99%. Assuming 50-80% Ndfa in legume green
manures, one crop can provide 50-100 kg N ha-1 in 50 days. Few balance studies
in microplots or pots report extrapolated N gains of 150
23 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Bioresource potential of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight.
Prasad, M.N.V.
Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993.
Bioresource technology v. 44 (3): p. 251-254; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania bispinosa; Green manures; Salt tolerance
24 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Calibration and validation EPIC for crop rotations in southern France.
Cabelguenne, M.; Jones, C.A.; Marty, J.R.; Dyke, P.T.; Williams, J.R.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990.
Agricultural systems v. 33 (2): p. 153-171; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Helianthus annuus; Glycine max;
Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Simulation models; Computer software;
Calibration; Growth; Crop yield; Biomass; Crop management; Estimation;
Statistical analysis
25 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Carbon and phosphorus losses from decomposing crop residues in no-till
conventional till agroecosystems.
Buchanan, M.; King, L.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 May.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 631-638; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Trifolium
incarnatum; Zea mays; No-tillage; Tillage; Crop residues; Decomposition;
Cycling; Carbon; Phosphorus; Shoots; Roots; Grain; Leaves; Mineralization;
Losses from soil; Winter; Cover crops; Lignin; Nitrogen; Plant composition
Abstract: An increased knowledge of crop residue decomposition
characteristics is a critical component for nutrient cycling studies in
agroecosystems. Carbon and P losses from shoot residues of maize (Zea mays L.),
wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.), emend. Thell], soybean [Glycine mar L.) Merr.],
and shoot and root residues of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were
compared in no-till and conventional till systems. Grain crop
residues were generally collected from senescent plants following harvest and
placed in fiberglass mesh litter bags. Soybean leaf residues, however, were
sampled following preharvest abscission, while crimson clover residues were
collected at spring anthesis and buried only in a conventional till system.
Generally, the changes in C and P content of residues were best described by
exponential and/or logarithmic functions. Losses of C and P from crop residues
were consistently greater, and more rapid when residues were buried vs. left on
the soil surface. Crimson clover shoots lost C and P more rapidly than root
residues. Generally, greater initial losses of P than of C occurred in most
residues. The lack of correlation between C and P losses is believed to be due
to an initial and probably variable inorganic P content that is readily
leached prior to the decomposition and mineralization losses of C. Differences
in the rate and magnitude of C losses were related to seasonal effects, the
initial N and P content, and/or the proportional amount of lignin in the plant
residues. Tillage is clearly an important regulator or driving variable for
element cycling in agroecosystems.
26 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Carryover of DPX-PE350 to grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and soybean (Glycine
max) on two Arkansas soils.
Jordan, D.L.; Johnson, D.H.; Johnson, W.G.; Kendig, J.A.; Frans, R.E.; Talbert,
R.E.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
645-649; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cabt; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotations; Glycine max;
Sorghum bicolor; Sequential cropping; Herbicides; Residual effects;
Persistence; Application rates; Abiotic injuries; Crop damage; Phytotoxicity;
Crop yield; Degradation; Edaphic factors; Silt loam soils; Clay soils; Weed
control; Chemical control
27 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Cation and nitrate leaching in an oxisol of the Brazilian Amazon.
Cahn, M.D.; Bouldin, D.R.; Cravo, M.S.; Bowen, W.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 334-340; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Cabt; Oxisols; Nitrate nitrogen; Leaching; Zea mays; Crop
yield; Canavalia ensiformis; Mucuna aterrima; Urea; Lime; Soil fertility;
Topsoil; Acidification; Cations; Calcium; Magnesium; Potassium; Losses from
soil; Humid tropics
Abstract: High rates of N fertilizers are often necessary to achieve yield
goals in the humid tropics, where subsoil acidity prevents deep crop rooting.
However, leaching of fertilizer nitrate may accelerate the leaching of bases
from the crop rooting zone, leading to an acidification of the topsoil and a
reduction in crop yields. Our ojective was to investigate the influence of urea
and legume green manure sources of N on crop yields, leaching of cations, and
the fertility of the plow layer of a clayey Oxisol (Typic Acrudox) of the
central Amazon basin. We established a split-plot field experiment near
Manaus, Brazil where main plots received 2 levels of lime (O and 4 Mt/ha
CaCO3) and sub-plots were cropped with (i) a legume green manure (Canavalia
ensiformes L. or Mucuna aterrima L.) followed by maize (Zea mays L.); (ii)
maize receiving 300 kg ha-(1) of urea-N, or (iii) left bare-fallow with an
application f 300 kg ha(-1) of urea-N. Plots were periodically sampled to 1.2 m
during three cropping seasons. The field site received 4265 mm of rain
during the experiment (16 mo). Legume crops accumulated between 142 and 280 kg
ha(-1) of N. The distribution of NO3 in the soil profile changed in a pattern
consistent with leaching. All treatments lost Ca and Mg from the plow layer
during the experimental period. Losses were greatest (500-1000 kg ha(-1) for Ca
and 50 kg ha(-1) for Mg) in plots treated with urea and lime. Leaching of bases
and the generation of acidity decreased base saturation in the plow layer of
all treatments, but was minimized in plots receiving legume green manure N,
perhaps because less inorganic N was applied and/or the legume crops recycled
leached bases. Unlimed plots receiving urea, bad the highest increase in
acidity in the 0 to 30-cm layer and a corresponding 44% reduction in grain
yield between the first and third maize crops.
28 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Changes in weed populations and seed bank through two cycles of a
maize-soyabean rotation in Ontario, Canada.
Benoit, D.L.; Swanton, C.J.; Chandler, K.; Derksen, D.A.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 403-410; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotation; Weed control;
Herbicides; Minimum tillage; Seed banks
29 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Changes induced by cowpea green manure and farmyard manure in the timing of
phenological events in maize (Zea mays).
Aggarwal, G.C.; Sekhon, N.K.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 117 (pt.2): p. 157-163; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Zea mays; Farmyard manure; Green manures; Phenology;
Timing; Vigna unguiculata; Application rates; Crop yield
30 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Characterization of the N benefit of a grain legume (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
to a cereal (Hordeum vulgare L.) by an in situ 15N isotope dilution technique.
Chalk, P.M.; Smith, C.J.; Hamilton, S.D.; Hopmans, P.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (1): p. 39-44; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Hordeum vulgare; Lupinus angustifolius; Isotope
labeling; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen fixation; Nutrient availability;
Rotations; Soil fertility
31 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Chemical attributes of soils subjected to no-till cropping with rye cover
crops.
Eckert, D.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (2): p. 405-409; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil chemistry;
Calcium; Carbon; Magnesium; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus; Potassium; No-
tillage; Rotations; Soil fertility; Soil physical properties
Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops are often promoted to supply
additional residue in no-till production situations; however, the effect of
inclusion of rye on soil chemical properties is largely unknown. Soils were
sampled, 20 cm deep, from four 4-yr studies in which no-till corn (Zea mays L.)
and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown continuously or in rotation on a
Canfield silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Fragiudalf) or in rotation
only on a Hoytville silty clay (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic
Ochraqualf), with and without a winter rye cover crop. Corn had been
fertilized each spring with 224 kg N ha(-1) as either injected anhydrous
ammonia or surface-broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution. All plots
sampled showed greater concentrations of organic C, exchangeable K, and Bray-1
extractable P in the surface 5-cm increment of soil than deeper in the sampled
profile. Exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations were often less at this depth
than deeper in the profile, particularly when N was applied as
surface-broadcast UAN solution. Soil pH was generally lowest in the zone of N
application. Addition of the rye cover crop had little effect on the
distribution of chemical attributes, other than increasing concentrations of
exchangeable K near the soil surface in several comparisons.
32 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Chlorsulfuron persistence and response of nine rotational crops in alkaline
soils of southern Alberta.
Moyer, J.R.; Esau, R.; Kozub, G.C.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (3): p.
543-548; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Medicago sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Brassica napus; Linum usitatissimum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum; Beta
vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Weed control;
Chemical control; Chlorsulfuron; Persistence; Application rates; Herbicide
residues; Alkaline soils; Soil ph
33 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
A clean choice.
Bremer, A.H.
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1993 Jun01.
American nurseryman v. 177 (11): p. 38-41; 1993 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Plantations; Cover crops; Trifolium
pratense; Grasses; Crop mixtures
34 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Clopyralid influences rotational crops.
Thorsness, K.B.; Messersmith, C.G.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (1): p.
159-164; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Linum usitatissimum; Lens culinaris; Solanum
tuberosum; Carthamus tinctorius; Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Rotations;
Clopyralid; Herbicide residues; Persistence; Dicamba; Crop yield; Yield losses;
Phytotoxicity
35 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Combining cultural practices and herbicides to control wild-proso millet
(Panicum miliaceum).
Harvey, R.G.; McNevin, G.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (2): p.
433-439; 1990 Apr. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Wild-Proso
Millet," February 9, 1989, Dallas, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Panicum miliaceum; Chemical vs.
cultural weed control; Cultural weed control; Rotations; Direct sowing;
Planting date; No-tillage; Row spacing; Chemical control; Alachlor; Atrazine;
Cyanazine; Dichlormid; Eptc; Pendimethalin; Simazine; Crop yield; Integrated
control
36 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
Commodity programs and the internalization of erosion costs: Do they affect
crop rotation decisions?.
Poe, G.L.; Klemme, R.M.; McComb, S.J.; Ambrosious, J.E.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jul.
Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 223-235; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Maize; Soybeans; Oats; Alfalfa; Rotations; Commodities;
Erosion; Production costs; Risk; Returns; Decision making; Federal programs;
Program participants; Stochastic processes; History; Market prices
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of commodity programs and the
internalization of erosion costs on crop rotation decisions. Not surprisingly,
commodity programs are found to shift decisions toward more erosive rotations.
Internalization of on-site and off-site erosion costs calculated under real
interest rates of 2 and 4 percent and planning horizons of 20 and 40 years
affect rotation decisions under historical market conditions. Under conditions
of commodity program participation, internalization of erosion costs affect
rotation decisions only when lengthy time horizons (40 years) are considered.
The impact of cross-compliance restrictions on rotation decisions is also
examined.
37 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and rotational crop response to
imazethapyr in pea (Pisum sativum) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Vencill, W.K.; Wilson, H.P.; Hines, T.E.; Hatzios, K.K.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
39-43; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Rotations; Sorghum bicolor;
Cucumis sativus; Zea mays; Herbicide residues; Residual effects; Chenopodium
album; Crop yield; Herbicide application
38 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Comparative effects of grain lentil-wheat and monoculture wheat on crop
production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; Zentner, R.P.; Selles, F.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Leyshon, A.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4):
p. 1091-1107; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Lens culinaris; Triticum aestivum; Rotations;
Ammonium nitrate; Leaching; Mineralization; Nitrogen fixation; Soil fertility;
Soil water
39 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Comparative plowdown value of red clover strains.
Christie, B.R.; Clark, E.A.; Fulkerson, R.S.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4):
p. 1207-1213; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Trifolium pratense; Cultivars; Green manures; Zea mays;
Crop production; Crop yield
40 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
A comparison of farmers' compliance costs to reduce excess nitrogen fertilizer
use under alternative policy options.
Huang, W.; Lantin, R.M.
East Lansing, MI : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University,
1991-; 1993 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 15 (1): p. 51-62; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Nitrogen fertilizers; Program participants; Rotations;
Farm comparisons; Production costs; Zea mays; Crop yield; Glycine max;
Leaching; Case studies
Abstract: Farmers' compliance associated with using different crop rotation
patterns under alternative farm policy options are estimated. The policy
options considered include the Current Farm Program, a No Farm Program Option,
a Nitrogen Fertilizer Tax Option, a Corn Sales Tax Option, and a Limiting
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Option. To achieve an objective of zero excess
nitrogen fertilizer available for potential leaching into groundwater, crop
rotation patterns associated with the Limiting Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Option
have the lowest cost to the farmer. If some excess nitrogen is allowed, crop
rotation compliance under the Farm Program has the lowest cost.
41 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au792
A comparison of the persistence of Medicago truncatula cv. Paraggio with other
annual medics in the Victorian Mallee.
Latta, R.A.; Quigley, P.E.
East Melbourne, Vic. Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, c1985-; 1993.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (4): p. 443-449; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Cabt; Medicago truncatula; Cultivars; Crop production;
Persistence; Plant density; Rotations; Seeds
42 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Comparison of weed biomass and flora in four cover crops and a subsequent
lettuce crop on three New England organic farms.
Schonbeck, M.; Browne, J.; Deziel, G.; DeGregorio, R.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international journal v. 8 (2): p.
123-143; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fagopyrum esculentum; Fagopyrum tataricum; Secale cereale; Avena
sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium pratense; Lolium multiflorum; Echinochloa
crus-galli; Cover crops; Lactuca sativa; Cultural weed control; Weeds; Biomass;
Botanical composition; Dry matter accumulation; Coverage; Crop residues; Crop
weed competition; Environmental factors; Climatic factors; Soil fertility; Crop
yield; Establishment; Regrowth; Suppression; Tillage
43 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Conserving residual corn fertilizer nitrogen with winter cover crops.
Shipley, P.R.; Meisinger, J.J.; Decker, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p. 869-876; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen; Uptake;
Winter; Cover crops; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale;
Lolium multiflorum; Fallow; Weed control; Stellaria media; Nutrients;
Conservation; Recovery; Dry matter accumulation; Silt loam soils
Abstract: Autumn residual fertilizer nitrogen (FN) can be easily leached into
groundwater in humid climates. Winter cover crops were evaluated for their
ability to assimilate residual corn FN and thereby reduce N losses. Labelled FN
(15N depleted) was applied to corn in Maryland in 1986 and 1987 at rates of 0,
168, and 336 kg FN ha-1 on a Mattapex silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, typic
Hapludult). Cover crop treatments following corn harvest were hairy vetch
(Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye
(Secale cereale L.), or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and a
weed/fallow control of chickweed (Stellaria media L.). The covers were
harvested three times the following spring and dry matter yields (DM), %N, and
atom % 15N were determined to assess FN uptake. Fall labelled N in the soil (to
80 cm) averaged 17 and 114 kg FN ha-1 over both years for the 168 and 336 kg FN
ha-1 rates, respectively. However, the quantity of total residual
mineral N (soil N plus FN) after the 168 kg ha-1 rate was 87 kg N ha-1, which
was comparable to the quantity of labelled N at the high fertilizer rate. The
average cover crop FN uptake (kg FN ha-1) in mid-April after the 336 kg N ha-1
treatment was 48 for cereal rye, 29 for annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8
for crimson clover, and 6 kg FN ha-1 for the native weed cover (LSD P = 0.05 of
7 kg FN ha-1). Corresponding percent recoveries of the fall N in the
aboveground DM were 45% for cereal rye, 27% for annual ryegrass, 10% for hairy
vetch, 8% for crimson clover, and 8% for native weed cover. These results show
that grass cover crops conserved the most FN. Cereal rye recovered wore FN
through mid-April because of its growth in cool weather, although annual
ryegrass was equally effective if grown to mid-May. Renewed efforts should be
made to utilize grass cover crops to conserve N in humid climates.
44 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Continous application of no-tillage to Ohio soils.
Dick, W.A.; McCoy, E.L.; Edwards, W.M.; Lal, R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 65-73. ill., maps; 1991 Jan. Paper presented at
the Symposium on Long-Term Field Research, October 17-18, 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Glycine max; No-tillage; Plowing; Monoculture;
Rotations; Long term experiments; Crop yield; Grain; Sustainability; Soil
properties; Erosion; Runoff
Abstract: No-tillage (NT) crop production practices have been continuously
maintained at four sites in Ohio for more than 25 yr. The original experiments
involving NT were designed to determine how much tillage was required to
produce crops with satisfactory yields and how tillage and rotation interact to
effect crop yields, especially corn (Zea mays L.). Long-term effects of NT on
crop yields and soil properties are generally not known because few sites exist
with histories of greater than or equal to 20 yr of NT. This paper
reports yield trends of corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and changes
in soil properties that occurred when NT was continuously practiced on soils in
Ohio. Significantly lower yields for NT, as compared to conventional
tillage (CT), were observed for monoculture corn and for soybean in rotation
during the first 18 yr on a very poorly drained Mollic Ochraqualf soil. The
yield differences observed for corn could be largely eliminated by crop
rotation and for soybean by the use of phytophthera resistant/tolerant soybean
cultivars. On a well-drained Typic Fragiudalf soil, crop yields were always
higher with NT than with CT. After 18 yr, yield trends indicated the negative
impact of NT on the very poorly drained soil was greatly decreased and the
yield advantages associated with NT on the well-drained soil became even more
pronounced. The change in yield treads did not appear to be associated with
change in weather patterns. The long-term NT sites also revealed organic
matter, nutrients, and soil enzymes accumulated at the soil surface but
decreased deeper (>20 cm) in the soil profile. Surface water runoff was found
to be greatly decreased from the long-term NT watershed site (approximately 9%
slope) with only 12 mm of runoff measured between 1979 and 1985.
45 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Control of legume cover crops in no-till corn (Zea mays) and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum).
White, R.H.; Worsham, A.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
57-62; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; No-tillage;
Trifolium incarnatum; Vicia villosa; Vegetation management; Herbicide
application; Paraquat; Dicamba; 2,4-d; Cyanazine; Glyphosate; Crop
establishment; Crop yield
46 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Control of peanut bacterial wilt through crop rotation.
Machmud, M.
Canberra, A.C.T. : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1985-; 1993.
ACIAR proceedings (45): p. 221-224; 1993. In the series analytic: Bacterial
wilt / edited by G.L. Hartman and A.C. Hayward. Meeting held on October
28-31, 1992, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arachis hypogaea; Pseudomonas solanacearum; Wilts; Plant disease
control; Rotations
47 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Control of the soybean cyst nematode by crop rotation in combination with a
nematicide.
Sasser, J.N.; Uzzell, G. Jr
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Jul.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (3): p. 344-347; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Zea mays; Heterodera glycines;
Nematode control; Rotation; 1,3-dichloropropene
Abstract: An experiment to evaluate the control of soybean cyst nematodes
compared 1 year, 2-year, and 3-year nonhost rotations with continuous soybeans
(Glycine max) in 0.2-ha plots. In a second 1-year rotation, the plots were
planted to soybean or corn (Zea mays) after fumigation in the spring with a
split application of 1,3-dichloropropene (748.2 liters/ha). The effects of the
nematicide were apparent the first year. Soybean yield was 1,482 kg/ha
compared to 233 kg/ha in the untreated plots. In the second year, the highest
yielding plants (2,035 kg/ha) were those following 1 year of corn that had been
treated the previous year: plants in untreated plots yielded 288 kg/ha. Average
yield of soybean following 1 year of corn was 957 kg/ha compared to 288 kg/ha
for continuous soybean. In the third year, the effects of the
nematicide were still evident. Soybean plants in plots treated the first year
followed by corn, then soybean, yielded 1,044 kg/ha compared to 761 kg/ha for
soybean following 1 year of corn and 991 kg/ha for soybean following 2 years of
corn. Plots planted to soybean for 3 consecutive years yielded 337 kg/ha.
Nematicidal effects were no longer evident during the fourth year. Yields were
most improved by the greatest number of years in the nonhost crop: highest
yields in descending order were from plants following 3 years of-corn, 2 years
of corn, and 1 year of corn. Plots planted to soybean for 4 consecutive years
yielded 130 kg/ha. Highly significant negative correlations occurred each ear
between initial nematode population densities and seed yield.
48 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Cool-season cover crops relay intercropped with cantaloupe: influence on a
generalist predator, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae).
Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson, K.E.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak, S.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 408-416; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cucumis melo; Cover crops; Insect control; Intercropping;
Predators of insect pests; Beneficial insects; Density; Geocoris punctipes
Abstract: Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to enhance densities of
entomophagous insects on relay-intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe
(Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes,
including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated trial. Cover crop
significantly affected densities of the predominant predator, a bigeyed bug,
Geocoris punctipes (Say), amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and
on or near sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.
Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant difference was found for
proportions of egg masses occupied or damaged by predators. For all indices of
predator abundance and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the
plots of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt. Barker').
Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were significantly greater for
the subterranean clover regime than for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture
of six cover crops, but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch
or the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low densities of G.
punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect on densities of aphids or
whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves.
49 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Corn growth as affected by nitrogen fixing tree and grass plant materials
supplemented by P and K fertilizers.
Tiraa, A.N.; Asghar, M.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological
Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 83-84; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixing trees; Gramineae; Green
manures; Phosphorus; Fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Crop yield; Crop
residues
50 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Corn-soybean rotation effects on soil water depletion.
Copeland, P.J.; Allmaras, R.R.; Crookston, R.K.; Nelson, W.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 203-210; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Continuous cropping;
Monoculture; Rotations; Soil water content; Water use efficiency; Plant water
relations; Crop yield; Evapotranspiration
Abstract: The positive yield effect of crop rotation may be linked to
enhanced water uptake and associated efficient use. We hypothesized that a crop
grown in rotation might deplete soil water more than the same crop grown under
monoculture because some negative factor associated with monoculture was
alleviated. Water use efficiency (WUE) might also be improved by rotation. The
objective of our study was to determine whether altered water uptake or
altered WUE was associated with the yield increase observed when corn (Zea mays
L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are rotated. A long-term
corn-soybean rotation experiment was monitored in 1987 and 1988 to determine
seasonal soil water status to 1.50m. Corn and soybean sequences monitored were:
monoculture, first-year crop following 5 yrs of the other crop, second-year
crop following 5 yrs of the other crop, and an annual alteration of the two
crops. Compared with monoculture, yield was increased up to 30% when corn
followed soybean and up to 11% when soybean followed corn. Average soil water
depletion during the season by first-year corn was 16 mm greater than by
continuous corn. The WUE in corn was related to cropping sequence at a moderate
level of significance (p = 0.14). Seasonal soil water depletion by soybean was
not changed by cropping sequence but overall WUE by first-year soybean was
higher than by continuous soybean (p = 0.05). When there was a period with only
sparse rainfall in 1988, corn had a greater water depletion than soybean and
also a deeper zone of depletion. Both crops exhibited a
greater water depletion when rotated. Frequent rainfall in 1987 sufficient to
wet the soil below 0.30 m obliterated patterns of depleted soil water.
Increased water use observed in first-year corn and increased WUE observed in
first-year soybean (compared to monoculture) in both years suggest that
rotation allows these crops to increase root surface or root activity and hence
to improve grain yield.
51 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Cotton as a rotation crop for the management of Meloidogyne arenaria and
Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.; Wells, L.; Weaver, C.F.; King, P.S. Lake
Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 652-657; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium hirsutum; Arachis hypogaea; Meloidogyne
arenaria; Corticium rolfsii; Rotations; Aldicarb; Pest management
Abstract: The value of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Deltapine 90) in
rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. Florunner.) for the management of
root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) and southern blight (Sclerotium
rolfsii) was studied for 6 years in a field at the Wiregrass Substation in
southeast Alabama. Peanut yields following either 1 or 2 years of cotton (C-P
and C-C-P, respectively) were higher than those of peanut monoculture without
nematicide [P(-)]. At-plant application of aldicarb to continuous peanut
[P(+)] averaged 22.1% higher yields than those for P(-) over the 6 years of the
study. The use of aldicarb in cotton and peanut in the C-C-P rotations
increased yields of both crops over the same rotations without the nematicide.
When the nematicide was applied to both crops in the C-P rotation, peanut
yields were increased in only two of the possible three years when peanut was
planted. Application of aldicarb to cotton only in the C-P rotation did not
improve peanut yields over those obtained with the rotation without
nematicide. Juvenile populations of M. arenaria determined at peanut-harvest
time were lowest in plots with cotton. Plots with C-P or C-C-P had lower
populations of the nematode than those with either P(-) or P(+). The incidence
of southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in peanut was lower in plots with the
rotations than in those with peanut monoculture. Aldicarb application had no
effect on the occurrence of southern blight.
52 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cotton genotype response to green-manured annual legumes.
Bauer, P.J.; Roach, S.H.; Green, C.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 626-628; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars; Genotypes; Varietal
reactions; Trifolium incarnatum; Vicia villosa; Winter; Cover crops; Fallow;
Incorporation; Crop density; Crop yield; Seeds; Maturation; Temporal variation;
Biomass production; Desiccation; Paraquat
53 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter weeds as cover crops.
Hurst, H.R.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1308-1312; 1992. Paper
presented at the Cotton Weed Science Research Conference, 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Vetch; Gossypium; Cover crops; Herbicides;
Application methods; Weeds
54 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton response to sorghum and soybean rotations at various nitrogen rates.
Matocha, J.E.; Barber, K.L.; Hopper, F.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-; 1993.
Proceedings / v. 3: p. 1373-1375; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New
Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Glycine max; Sorghum; Rotations; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates
55 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cover crop management and weed control in corn (Zea mays).
Johnson, G.A.; DeFelice, M.S.; Helsel, Z.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (2): p.
425-430; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Cabt; Zea mays; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Vicia
villosa; Weed control; Setaria faberi; Xanthium strumarium; No-tillage;
Tillage; Stubble; Crop yield; Grain; Cultural weed control; Chemical control;
Atrazine; Glyphosate
56 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Cover crop management effects on soybean and corn growth and nitrogen dynamics
in an on-farm study.
Karlen, D.L.; Doran, J.W.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 71-82; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Vicia villosa; Secale
cereale; Avena sativa; Cover crops; Loam soils; Conservation tillage; Ridging;
Discing; Crop management; Sustainability; Farming systems research; Crop
residues; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrate nitrogen; Use efficiency; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Seasonal growth; Dry matter accumulation;
Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Air temperature; Rain; Seasonal variation; Soil
water content; Water erosion; Erosion control
Abstract: Combining cover crops and conservation tillage may result in more
sustainable agricultural production practices. Objectives of this on-farm study
were 10 quantify effects of cover crops on growth and nitrogen
accumulation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) on a
Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) near Boone, Iowa. Our
farmer-cooperator planted soybean in 1988 using ridge tillage into an
undisturbed strip with a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth) cover crop and
into a strip where previous crop residue and a negligible amount of cover crop
had been incorporated by autumn and spring disking. In each strip, we
established four plots for soil and plant measurements. Our cooperator planted
corn on the same strips in 1989 into a cover crop that consisted of both hairy
vetch and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). We determined the source of N
accumulated by the corn by applying 67 kg N/ha of 15N depleted NH4NO3
fertilizer. In the absence of cover crops, early season soil NO3-N levels in
the top 30 cm were higher, and corn growth and N accumulation were more rapid.
At harvest, the corn grain, stover, and cob together accounted for 36 and 39
percent of the 15N fertilizer for the ridge tillage and disked treatments,
respectively. We suggest that lower net mineralization of organic matter or
greater denitrification losses before planting reduced the availability of soil
N. This created an early season N stress in corn grown with cover crops that
was not overcome by broadcast fertilizer N applied three weeks after planting.
Our on-farm research study has helped focus continuing efforts to determine if
non-recovered fertilizer N is being immobilized in microbial biomass, lost by
denitrification, or leached below the plant root zone.
57 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Crimson clover benefits soil, crops, and producers.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Dec.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
Station v. 54 (12): p. 7; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Cover crops;
Zea mays; Production costs; No-tillage
58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crimson clover management to enhance reseeding and no-till corn grain
production.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 62-67; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; No-tillage; Resowing;
Strip cropping; Row orientation; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil water
content
Abstract: Economic savings and increased legume-N use efficiency may result
from natural reseeding of winter annual legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment
was conducted on a Cecil fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum
L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and 75% of row area) and orientation
(parallel or perpendicular to plant row) on soil water depletion, corn (Zea
mays L.) growth and grain yield, and clover reseeding. Additional treatments
included early desiccation (25% parallel strip 2 wk before corn planting),
annual seeding (complete desiccation at corn planting), and mechanical
disruption of clover growth by the no-tillage planter. Early-season soil water
was lower in annual seeded plots compared to the 25% strip treatments each
year, however, soil water was limiting in only one of 3 yr. Crimson clover
successfully reseeded in all strip treatments each year, with dry matter
production ranging from 3.0 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 in 1990 and from 3.9 to 5.2 Mg ha-1
in 1991. Nitrogen content of reseeded crimson clover biomass ranged from 86 to
134 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 93 to 111 kg ha-1 in 1991. Corn grain yield was only
marginally affected by clover strip management in two out of 3 yr. Results
suggest that under adequate moisture conditions a 50% desiccated strip has the
potential to maximize clover N contribution. However, a 75% strip-width can
minimize potential competition with corn for water and reduce physical
impedance of the clover cover crop on corn growth.
59 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Crimson clover reseeding potential as affected by s-triazine herbicides.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 90-93; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Cover crops; Resowing; Atrazine; Cyanazine;
Simazine; Residual effects; Application date; Crop growth stage
60 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Critical phosphorus levels for corn and cowpea in a Brazilian Amazon Oxisol.
Smyth, T.J.; Cravo, M.S.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (2): p. 309-312; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Zea mays; Vigna unguiculata; Rotations; Fertilizer
placement; Phosphorus fertilizers; Oxisols; Fertilizer requirement
determinatio; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Phosphorus soil test interpretations in the Brazilian Amazon
currently do not account for differences in P requirements among crops and lack
information on the changes in available soil P per unit of applied
fertilizer P. A long-term P experiment in a Xanthic Hapludox near Manaus,
Brazil was used to determine soil and leaf P critical levels for corn (Zea mays
L.) and cowpea (Vigna anguiculata L.). A total of six corn crops were planted
in annual rotation with five crops of cowpea during five consecutive years.
Critical levels were established by a segmented linear regression, a linear
plateau, of relative crop yields on soil test or leaf P concentrations for each
crop species. Mehlich 1 (1:10) critical P levels were 6 and 8 mg kg-1 for corn
and cowpea, respectively. Relationships between soil test P and crop yields
were similar for fertilizer P placement as either broadcast and/or frequent
bands. Fertilizer P required to raise the initial Mehlich 1 soil P to the
critical levels were 41 and 60 kg P ha-1 for corn and cowpea, respectively.
Higher amounts of P were extracted by Bray 1 than by Mehlich 1, but both
extractants were effective in relating available soil P to yield and applied
fertilizer P. Critical foliar P concentrations for corn and cowpea were 1.6 and
1.8 g kg-1, respectively. Higher soil and leaf P critical levels for cowpea
relative to corn were attributed to greater P requirements for plants depending
on symbiotic N2 fixation for their N supply.
61 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop and tillage rotations: grain yield, residue cover, and soil water.
Wagger, M.G.; Denton, H.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1233-1237; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Tillage;
No-tillage; Seasonal variation; Coastal plain soils; Soil types
(physiographic); Upland soils; Comparisons; Soil water content; Crop yield;
Grain; Crop residues; Coverage
Abstract: Information regarding crop yield response for different tillage and
rotation systems is needed to determine regional or local suitability for a
given production system. Our objective was to determine the effects of
continuous and alternating tillage sequences in corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture
and corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on residue cover, soil
water, and grain yield. Continuous conventional tillage (CT), continuous
no-tillage (NT), or CT and NT alternating every other year were evaluated
during a 5-yr period on a Rion (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic
Hapludult)-Pacolet (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) sandy clay
loam complex at a Piedmont location and an Eunola sandy loam (fine-loamy,
siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludult) at a Coastal Plain location. The 5-yr
overage NT corn grain yield was 27% (1.15 Mg ha-1) higher than CT at the
Piedmont location, but only 4% (0.32 Mg ha-1) higher at the Coastal Plain
location. Continuous NT at the Piedmont location also resulted in higher corn
yields 2 out of 4 yr compared with NT following CT. The increase in corn yield
with NT was associated with greater soil water availability, primarily
attributed to surface residue cover from corn stover fostering greater
infiltration on a crust-prone soil. Soybean yield during the 5-yr period was 5%
higher with NT at the Piedmont location and unaffected by tillage at the
Coastal Plain location. In general, crop rotation had no effect on corn yield
at either location. Results indicate that continuous NT should be the system of
choice on this upland Piedmont soil.
62 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Crop and weed management effects on weed populations in a short-term
corn-corn-peanut rotation.
Johnson, W.C. III; Cardina, J.; Mullinix, B.G. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 566-570; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea; Rotations; Crop management;
Pest management; Weed control; Weeds; Populations; Species diversity; Crop
yield
63 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Crop mulch effects on Rhizoctonia soil infestation and disease severity in
conservation-tilled cotton.
Rickerl, D.H.; Curl, E.A.; Touchton, J.T.; Gordon, W.B.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jun.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (6): p. 553-557; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Mulches;
Rotations; Fallow; Rhizoctonia solani; Fungal diseases; Conservation tillage;
Crop damage; Emergence; Survival; Soil fungi; Infestation; Population density;
Virulence; Inoculum density; Crop residues; Seasonal variation; Soil
temperature; Paleudults; Coastal plain soils; Sandy loam soils
Abstract: Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and
fallow (no winter cover crop) were used as mulch crops preceding cotton
planted in a conservation tillage system. In field tests, cotton emergence and
survival were reduced in legume mulches with significant differences at the
second planting in 1985. Assessments of Rhizoctonia soil infestation estimated
using a modified stem trap baiting procedure, indicated higher amounts of
Rhizoctonia in cotton following legume crops than in cotton following fallow.
In greenhouse studies, comparisons of warm (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 21 +/-2
degrees C night) and cool (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 10 +/- 2 degrees C night)
temperature regimes imposed on the clover, vetch and fallow treatments,
demonstrated that the cool temperature regime significantly reduced emergence
and survival of cotton seedlings. However, there was no interaction of
cropping treatments (legume cropped or fallowed treatments with temperature
regimes). Cotton seedling disease severity in the greenhouse assay of
field-collected soil samples showed a significant interaction among year, soil
treatment and temperature.
64 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Crop production on duplex soils in south-eastern Australia.
Gardner, W.K.; Fawcett, R.G.; Steed, G.R.; Pratley, J.E.; Whitfield, D.M.; Van
Rees, H.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1992.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (7): p. 915-927. maps;
1992. Special issue: Crop production on duplex soils. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; South australia; Victoria; Cereals; Grasses;
Legumes; Crop production; Duplex soils; Losses from soil; Soil degradation;
Waterlogging; Rotations; Subsurface drainage; Tillage; Literature reviews
65 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56
Crop rotation and nematicide effects on the frequency of Meloidogyne spp. in a
mixed population.
Fortnum, B.A.; Currin, R.E. III
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
Phytopathology v. 83 (3): p. 350-355; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Meloidogyne incognita;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Plant parasitic nematodes; Nematode control; Rotations;
1,3-dichloropropene; Crop production; Crop yield
Abstract: The effects of crop rotation and nematicide 1,3-dichloropropene
(1,3-D) on the relative frequency of M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2
and on tobacco yields were determined in a sandy loam soil. Cropping
sequences altered the species composition and population densities of
Meloidogyne spp. and increased tobacco yields. M. incognita predominated when
cotton or corn preceded tobacco; M. arenaria predominated when soybean or
peanut preceded tobacco. Fumigation of tobacco land increased the density of M.
arenaria compared to M. incognita. The effects of a previous crop on
tobacco yields varied in successive years. Cotton, corn, peanut, sorghum, or
rye-fallow preceding tobacco in 1985 enhanced yields compared to yields when
soybean preceded tobacco. Rye-fallow preceding tobacco in 1987 resulted in
greater tobacco yields than when tobacco was preceded by soybean, corn, cotton,
sorghum or peanut. Application of 1,3-D increased tobacco yields, except when
preceded by rye-fallow.
66 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crop rotation and tillage effects on corn growth and soil structural
stability.
Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 979-985; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Hordeum vulgare;
Triticum aestivum; Trifolium pratense; Continuous cropping; Sequential
cropping; Intercropping; Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Growth
rate; Soil structure; Aggregates; Stability; Long term experiments
Abstract: Increasing concerns about soil degradation with continuous corn (Zea
mays L.) production and a scarcity of scientific information regarding corn
grown in rotation with the diversity of crops produced in Ontario, prompted a
long term study on the effect of various crop rotations and their interaction
with two tillage systems on corn growth and soil structure. Eight rotations
were established in 1980 which included continuous corn, six
rotations comprised of 2 yr of corn following 2 yr of another crop or crop
sequence, and continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Each rotation was
divided into either conventional tillage (fall moldboard plow) or minimum
tillage (fall chisel plow). First-year corn grown in rotation yielded 3.9% more
than continuous corn for conventional tillage and 7.9% more than
continuous corn for minimum tillage. These corn responses to rotation were
smaller than most of those reported in the literature. When barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the preceding crops,
interseeding red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) increased first year corn
yields only on conventionally tilled plots. Corn plant development was
consistently slower with minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage.
Yields were significantly lower with minimum tillage for continuous corn and
where corn followed wheat interseeded with red clover. Little or no response to
rotation was observed in second-year corn. The seedbed with continuous corn had
a lower proportion of fine aggregates compared to corn grown in rotation. In
most years soil aggregate stability was highest under continuous alfalfa and
including a legume (whether alfalfa or interseeded red clover) in the rotation
improved aggregate stability compared to continuous corn.
67 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen.
Havlin, J.L.; Kissel, D.E.; Maddux, L.D.; Claassen, M.M.; Long, J.H.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (2): p. 448-452; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations;
Tillage; No-tillage; Continuous cropping; Carbon; Nitrogen; Organic matter in
soil; Ammonium nitrate; Crop residues; Surface layers; Soil depth
Abstract: Sustaining or increasing soil productivity depends in part on soil
and crop management practices that maintain or increase soil organic matter.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage crop rotation, and
fertilizer N on soil organic C and N. Two long-term tillage/rotation
studies and one long-term rotation/N-rate study were conducted on eastern
Kansas soils. Soils were sampled from conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT)
treatments applied to continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (S/S),
continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (B/B), and sorghum-soybean (S/B)
rotations in the tillage/rotation studies and from the 0 and 252 kg N ha-1
treatments on continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (C/C), B/B, and corn-soybean (C/B)
rotations in the rotation/N-rate study. Organic C and N were determined on
soils sampled at depths of 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm.
Compared with CT, NT had greater organic C and N contents. Compared with B/B,
S/B and S/S increased organic C and N under NT and, to a lesser extent, under
CT (at 0-2.5-cm depth). Increases in organic C and N with NT compared with CT
and with sorghum rotations compared with B/B were directly related to the
quantity of residue produced and left on the soil surface (S/S > S/B / > B/B).
Fertilizer N increased soil organic C and N only slightly. Crop management
systems that include rotations with high residue-producing crops and
maintenance of surface residue cover with reduced tillage result in greater
soil organic C and N, which may improve soil productivity.
68 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.A2U52
Crop rotations: still the norm.
Foulke, J.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1990 May.
Farmline - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service v. 11 (5):
p. 4-6; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Maize; Wheat; Soybeans; Rice; Cotton; Potatoes; Rotations;
Farmland; Farm management; Soil conservation
69 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Crop rotations with full and limited irrigation and dryland management.
Schneekloth, J.P.; Klocke, N.L.; Hergert, G.W.; Martin, D.L.; Clark, R.T. St.
Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Nov.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (6): p. 2372-2380; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Irrigation;
Rotations; Dry farming; Evapotranspiration; Water management
Abstract: Irrigated cropping systems need to maximize the economic value of
both rainfall and irrigation water, especially in areas of declining
groundwater. This study compared water management systems in a winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum, L.)-corn (Zea mays, L.)-soybean (Glycine max, L.) (W-C-S)
and continuous corn (CC) rotation in west central Nebraska for dryland, limited
irrigation (150 mm/yr), and full irrigation. Crop yield, evapotranspiration,
and soil water storage were determined from field studies conducted at North
Platte, Nebraska, on a Cozad silt loam (Fluventic
Haplustoll) soil. Dryland corn used 21.5% more evapotranspiration (ET) in the
W-C-S rotation compare to CC. ET for the limited and full irrigation com was
4.6% and 4.9% more for the W-C-S rotation compared to the CC and was
statistically significant at the P > 0.08 level. Water use efficiency, defined
by the slope of the linear relationship between grain yield and ET
(differential Y differential ET-1), was the same for corn in the W-C-S and CC
rotations. Corn grain yield response to irrigation and ET was more than the
yield response of winter wheat and soybean. The W-C-S rotation increased com
grain yields in two out of three years at this location for dryland management
and increased the seasonal ET of corn compared to continuous corn. Full
irrigation management did not consistently increase winter wheat and soybean
grain yields above the limited irrigation treatments. Soil water storage for
the full irrigation management was greatly reduced compared to dryland and
limited irrigation management for both rotations.
70 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crop sequence affects nutrient composition of corn and soybean grown under high
fertility.
Copeland, P.J.; Crookston, R.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 503-509; 1992 May23. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Plant analysis;
Nutrient content; Crop yield; Responses; Growth stages; Soil chemistry;
Nutrients
Abstract: Although crop rotation may change soil mineral status, particularly
N, there may also be a rotation effect beyond that which can be explained by
soil mineral status alone. Research has shown that leaf mineral-composition can
vary between crop sequences at high fertilizer levels. We hypothesized that the
rotation effect observed in long-term sequences of corn (Zea mays L.) and
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] might be due to an increased nutrient
concentration, not just an increased accumulation. A corn-soybean rotation
study in Minnesota managed at high nutrient fertility was used to test our
hypothesis. The high management level was appraised by soil test levels. Corn
and soybean sequences evaluated were monoculture, first year, second year, and
annually-alternated. These crop sequences were evaluated for their effects on
plant nutrient concentration, accumulation, or both. The growth stage at which
differences in plant nutrient concentration or accumulation might affect final
yield was also evaluated. A positive effect of rotation on yield was observed
in both crops. Shoot concentrations and total accumulations of N, P, and K were
higher in first year corn compared to monoculture, suggesting that the
increased corn yield associated with rotation may have been due to a general
improvement in plant nutrition. Cropping sequence had less of an effect on
soybean nutrient concentration than corn. Nutrient accumulation in soybean was
not generally affected by crop sequence.
71 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C35
Crop sequences and tillage practices in relation to diseases of winter wheat in
Ontario.
Sutton, J.C.; Vyn, T.J.
Guelph, Ont. : Canadian Phytopathological Society; 1990 Dec.
Canadian journal of plant pathology; Revue Canadienne de phytopathologie v. 12
(4): p. 358-368; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Glycine max; Zea mays;
Hordeum vulgare; Medicago sativa; Continuous cropping; No-tillage; Minimum
tillage; Tillage; Disease prevalence; Incidence; Leptosphaeria nodorum;
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Gaeumannomyces
graminis; Infections; Inoculum density; Crop yield; Crop residues
72 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop species, amendment, and water quality effects on selected soil physical
properties.
Bauder, J.W.; Brock, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1292-1298; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Saline soils; Sodic soils; Reclamation; Irrigated soils;
Crops; Species; Gypsum; Phosphogypsum; Magnesium chloride; Irrigation water;
Water quality; Bulk density; Soil density; Porosity; Pore size distribution;
Infiltration
Abstract: Saline and sodic soils have developed in some irrigated areas of
Montana. Cropping systems that promote maximum efficacy of surface-applied
amendments for reclamation need to be identified. Effects of crop species,
amendment, and water quality on alteration of selected physical properties of a
Haverson silty clay (fine-loamy, mixed [calcareous], mesic Ustic
Torrifluvent) were compared. Crops grown in lysimeters and compared with a
noncropped control were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.), and sorghum sundangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench-S. X drummondii
(Steudel) Millsp. & Chase], commonly referred to as sordan. Soil amendments
included a check, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), phosphogypsum (CaSO4.2H2O with < 1%
[w/w] P), and MgCl2. Lysimeters were irrigated with water having either a total
dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 0.75 g L-1 and a sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) of 1.15 or TDS of 1.65 g L-1 and SAR of 7.01 until three
barely crops were successively grown. The presence of a crop caused a
significant increase in bulk density in all lysimeters and a significant
decrease in total porosity, compared with the uncropped control treatments.
Barley caused the greatest decrease in total porosity, followed by alfalfa,
then sordan. Total porosity decreased nearly 0.1 m3 m-3. The result was a
significant increase in number of micropores (< O.149 X 10(-2) mm radius) and a
disproportionately greater decrease in number of macropores (> 1.49 X 10(-2) mm
radius). Soil water release characteristics differed among the different crop
treatments. Neither amendment treatment nor irrigation water quality had a
significant effect on either porosity, pore-size distribution, or bulk
density. Results of this study indicate that crop selection and rotation may
affect the significance of surface-applied amendments used for reclamation and
leaching of Na- and salt-affected soils.
73 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cropping frequencies to sustain long-term conservation tillage systems.
Langdale, G.W.; Wilson, R.L. Jr; Bruce, R.R.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (1): p. 193-198; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Double cropping; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Minimum tillage
systems; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Annual field crops;
Crop yield; Physico-chemical properties of soil; Depth
Abstract: Conservation tillage technologies are essential to develop
long-term alternative agriculture approaches to protect the nation's
resources. This study was conducted to develop long-term multiple cropping
systems to sustain conservation crop production. Soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merrill] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] cropping sequences
following wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) grain harvest were studied at three
tillage-intensity levels on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic
Typic Hapludult) soil. During the first 4-yr crop rotation cycle, coulter in-
row chisel (MT) planted grain sorghum produced significantly more grain than
either coulter (NT) or disk harrow (CT) planted (4.89 vs. 4.58 and 4.39 Mg
ha-1), without a crop-rotation response. In the second 4-yr cycle, the sorghum
grain yields declined NT > MT > CT (5.14 > 4.74 > 4.40 Mg ha-1)
significantly with each increase in tillage-intensity level. Soybean responded
consistently and significantly to high-frequency (1:1) rotation with grain
sorghum. These responses to rotation with grain sorghum become less important
to conservation tillage systems when favorable rainfall distributions permit
grain yields that range between 2.00 and 3.50 Mg ha-1. Wheat yields increased
significantly following soybean (first rotation cycle) until take-all
(Graeumannomyces graminis) became epidemic. Elucidation of significant grain
sorghum responses to in-row chisel and coulter conservation tillage during the
first and second crop-rotation cycles, respectively, requires additional
research that focuses on characterization of temporal changes in the soil
environment. Rotation of both cool- and warm-season crops is necessary to
sustain long-term conservation tillage.
74 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Cropping rotations: effect on aggregate stability and biological activity.
Arrigo, N.M.; Palma, R.M.; Conti, M.E.; Costantini, A.O.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 24 (17/18): p. 2441-2453;
1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Zea mays; Helianthus annuus;
Rotations; Aggregates; Stability; Biological activity in soil; Bulk density;
Soil organic matter; Carbon
75 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cropping systems for clay soils: irrigated and nonirrigated soybean rotated
with corn and sorghum.
Heatherly, L.G.; Wesley, R.A.; Elmore, C.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 248-253; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum
aestivum; Crop yield; Seeds; Grain; Rotations; Continuous cropping;
Monoculture; Irrigated conditions; Dry farming; Clay soils; Double cropping
76 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cropping systems on mycorrhizal colonization, early growth, and phosphorus
uptake of corn.
Vivekanandan, M.; Fixen, P.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (1): p. 136-140; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Vesicular arbuscular
mycorrhizas; Roots; Infection; Nutrient uptake; Phosphorus; Growth rate; Crop
growth stage; Rotations; Fallow systems; Continuous cropping; Plowing; Ridging
Abstract: A field study was established in 1986 on a Viborg silty clay loam
(fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Haplustoll) soil in eastern South Dakota. The
objectives were to quantify the influence of crop rotation, tillage, and
residual P (254 kg P ha-1 applied in fall 1985) on the incidence of vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) of corn (Zea mays L.) and to define the
relationship between VAM colonization, early growth response to P, and early P
uptake of corn. Plant and root samples were collected periodically from plots
that varied in tillage and previous crop. Crop rotation and tillage influenced
the early growth and P uptake of corn. Large differences in early growth
response to P were observed among cropping systems. Average relative growth
response as compared with the check during both years ranged from 360% for the
moldboard (MP) corn-fallow rotation to 7% for the ridge-plant (RP) corn-soybean
(Glycine max [L].) Merr.) rotation. Early dry-matter production and P uptake in
the check plots were highest in the RP corn-soybean system and lowest in the MP
corn-fallow system. Generally, VAM colonization rates were significantly higher
(P less than or equal to 0.10) in the RP systems than in the MP systems.
Considerable reduction in VAM colonization rates were found with P
fertilization (P less than or equal to 0.01) in all cropping systems. An
inverse relationship was measured between VAM colonization and relative early
growth response to P (Y = 647.0 - 49.4X + 0.97X2; R2 = 0.92; Y = growth
response in percent, X = percent root length colonized). Considering early dry-
matter production, P uptake, and mycorrhizal association the RP corn-soybean
system appears to provide a good environment for P nutrition of corn during
early vegetative growth.
77 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation
with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil.
Bolland, M.D.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jun.
Fertilizer research v. 31 (3): p. 319-329; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Triticum aestivum; Superphosphates; Lupins;
Rotations
Abstract: In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per
annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six
levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha-1) were
applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus
angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation
with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum),
lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989.
The experiment continued until the end of 1990. The relationship between lupin
seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P
application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the
same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different
maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year. The residual value of
superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two
occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current
year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate
applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied
superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989. At each harvest, the
relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed
for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the
relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous
years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and
yields varied only with P concentration in tissue. Bicarbonate-extractable soil
P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil
test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The
relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but
varied for different species within years and for each species between years.
It also varied for each species within years depend
78 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Cyclic and blending strategies for using nonsaline and saline waters for
irrigation.
Bradford, S.; Letey, J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Irrigation science v. 13 (3): p. 123-128; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotations;
Continuous cropping; Salt tolerance; Irrigation; Blending; Cycling; Irrigation
water; Saline water; Salinity; Water quality; Simulation models; Dry matter
accumulation; Electrical conductivity; Mathematical models
Abstract: Large quantities of saline water frequently exist in irrigated areas
of the world. Various strategies have been proposed to use these saline waters.
Blending involves mixing saline water with good quality water to an acceptable
salinity and then using this water to irrigate crops. The cyclic strategy uses
waters of various salinities separately either during one season or in a crop
rotation as a function of the crop's salt tolerance. A
multi-seasonal transient state model, known as the modified van
Genuchten-Hanks model, was used to investigate the effects of cyclic or
blending application of irrigation waters of two salinity levels on alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.), and on a corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) crop rotation. Simulated alfalfa yields were similar for the
cyclic and blending strategies that applied the same amount of salt and water.
The cyclic strategy produced higher simulated yields of salt-sensitive corn
than the blending strategy, whereas the simulated salt-tolerant cotton yield
was not affected by the two strategies. The beneficial effects of the cyclic
strategy on corn production decreased under deficit irrigation.
79 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Denitrifying ability of indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
isolated from fields under paddy-upland rotation.
Asakawa, S.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (3): p. 196-200; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Glycine max; Oryza sativa; Alcaligenes; Bradyrhizobium
japonicum; Denitrification; Rotations; Soil bacteria; Site factors
80 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Density of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and incidence of sheath blight in
rice fields in Mississippi.
Damicone, J.P.; Patel, M.V.; Moore, W.F.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
Plant disease v. 77 (3): p. 257-260; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Oryza sativa; Glycine max; Rotations; Rhizoctonia
solani; Blight; Disease surveys; Sclerotia; Inoculum density; Incidence;
Correlation; Epidemiology; Disease models
81 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Dentrification and mineralization in soil amended with legume, grass, and corn
residues.
McKenney, D.J.; Wang, S.W.; Drury, C.F.; Findlay, W.I.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (4): p. 1013-1020; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Clay loam soils; Vicia villosa; Trifolium pratense; Lolium
multiflorum; Phalaris arundinacea; Zea mays; Crop residues; Incorporation;
Denitrification; Nitrate; Reduction; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Immobilization;
Ammonium; Nitrogen cycle; Anaerobic conditions
Abstract: Since cover crops and intercrops are increasingly used to reduce
soil erosion and N loss and provide efficient N utilization, it is important to
evaluate the consequences of crop residue to N cycling processes. The
objectives of this study were to determine effects of incorporating hairy vetch
(HV, Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa), red clover (RC, Trifolium
pratense L.), annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.), reed canarygrass
(RCG, Phalaris arundinacea L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) residues on
denitrification, dissimilatory NO3(-) reduction, and N
mineralization-immobilization in a Brookston clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed,
mesic Typic Argiaquoll). A gas flow system was used with 5 or 10 g residue kg-1
amended soil. With only anaerobic incubation, all residues stimulated
denitrification about equally with net NO and N2O production rates two to three
times greater than in the control soil. Ammonium accumulation over the 48-h
anaerobic period was 5 to 11 mg N kg-1. When a 5-d aerobic incubation preceeded
the anaerobic phase, losses of NO + N2O amounted to 5 to 17 times that in the
control soil during the anaerobic phase. These losses were: 59.4, 47.1, 25.1,
24.4, 17.6, and 3.5 mg N kg-1 for HV, RC, ARG, RCG, corn, and the control,
respectively. Mineralization in the HV treatment occurred from the third to the
fifth day of the aerobic incubation and NH4+ continued to
increase during the subsequent 2-d anaerobic period, reaching 58.4 mg NH4(+)-N
kg-1. Nitrite accumulated during the anaerobic phase in all treatments, with 46
and 49 mg N kg-1 for ARG and HV, respectively, during with the 2-d
aerobic/2-d anaerobic incubation. With the 5-d aerobic/2-d anaerobic
incubation, NO2(-) levels were lower in all but the ARG treatment.
82 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Designing a nitrate monitoring program in a heterogeneous, carbonate aquifer.
Smith, R.T.; Ritzi, R.W. Jr
Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1993 Jul.
Ground water v. 31 (4): p. 576-584; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Aquifers; Carbonates; Hydraulic conductivity; Finite element
analysis; Simulation models; Nitrates; Movement in soil; Zea mays; Glycine max;
Rotations; Groundwater pollution
83 NAL Call. No.: TP368.F662
Development of lupins as a new crop legume.
Gladstones, J.S.
North Sydney, Australia : Council of Australian Food Technology Associations;
1990 Jun.
Food Australia - official journal of CAFTA and AIFST v. 42 (6): p. 270-272;
1990 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Lupins; New products; Product development; Legumes;
History; Food research; Plant breeding; Food composition; Protein sources;
Environmental factors; World markets; Rotations; Genetic improvement
84 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1989
Development of organic faming practices for sugarcane based farms.
Mendosa, T.C.
Witzenhausen? : Ekopan; 1990.
Agricultural alternatives and nutritional self-sufficiency : for a sustainable
agricultural system that respects man and his environment : proc of the IFOAM
Seventh Int Scientific Conference, Ouagadougou, January 2-5, 1989. p. 189-202;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Glycine max; Vigna radiata; Rhizobium;
Organic farming; Farming systems; Intercropping; Green manures; Crop residues;
Biodegradation; Row spacing; Row orientation; Planting; Harvesting; Crop yield;
Soil degradation; Land productivity
85 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Development of tillage system selection software for corn/soybean production.
Meyer, C.R.; Parsons, S.D.; Griffith, D.R.; Mannering, J.V.; Steinhardt, G.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 May.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7 (3): p. 367-373; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Production; Tillage; Computer software;
Expert systems
Abstract: Development of a regionally-specific expert system to estimate
corn/soybean production on an individual-field and whole-farm basis is
described. Rules and equations to project yield as a function of tillage
system, crop rotation, latitude, soil series, and soybean row spacing and
maturity group were derived from interviews with three experts. The resulting
knowledge was encoded into computer logic written entirely in C-language.
Although very small, the program retains the functionality of expert systems
developed in shells. On-line explanations are available to explain why each
input is requested. Help screens offer expanded explanation of each question.
Conclusions are displayed as they are reached. Management suggestions are
offered where appropriate, including recommending a conservation tillage
system, flagging highly erodible fields, indicating erosion control measures,
suggesting that a field be tilled as two separate fields, and warning against
farming steep slopes in row crops. The program goes beyond the features
offered by some shells, permitting the user to back up in the program, to
execute UNIX or DOS commands from within the program, and to store a partial
run in a disk file to be resumed later. The program has been released as
Public Domain software, with over 300 copies currently in use.
86 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Discovery of multiyear diapause in Illinois and South Dakota northern corn
rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and incidence of the prolonged
diapause trait in Illinois.
Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi, H.; Fisher, J.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 262-267; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; South Dakota; Zea mays; Diabrotica barberi; Diapause;
Environmental temperature; Ova; Survival
Abstract: Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, eggs
were obtained from female beetles collected in August 1985 from cornfields in
Champaign, Ill., and Madison, S. Dak. Eggs were buried in soil or placed in
environmental chambers that closely simulated natural soil temperature
conditions and were observed for hatch during 4-5 yr. Egg diapause ranged from
1 to 4 yr for both populations. Northern corn rootworm eggs were also obtained
in August 1986 from female beetles collected from four Illinois cornfields that
experienced greater rootworm damage than was expected for cornfields rotated
annually with a soybean crop, and from females collected from the previously
sampled Champaign field. The percentage of eggs that hatched after prolonged
diapause (> 1 chill period) ranged from 13.9% for eggs from
northwest Illinois to 51.3% for eggs from east central Illinois. When the
percentage of northern corn rootworms with prolonged diapause in a given
county was regressed on the percentage of rotational corn grown in that
county, a significant positive correlation was obtained (r = 0.89, df = 3, P =
0.04).
87 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.S73 no.90-15
Double-cropping soybeans into traditional crop rotations under government
commodity program restrictions.
Harper, Jayson K.
Manhattan, Kansas : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University,;
1990.
9, [5] leaves ; 28 cm. (Staff paper / Department of Agricultural Economics,
Kansas State University ; no. 90-15). June 1990. Includes bibliographical
references (p. [1]).
Language: English
88 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a
soil under barley production.
Angers, D.A.; Samson, N.; Legere, A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1993 Feb.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 73 (1): p. 51-59; 1993 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aggregates; Stability; Formation; Particle size; Particle size
distribution; Soil degradation; Soil management; Hordeum vulgare; Trifolium
pratense; Rotations; Plowing; Chiselling; No-tillage; Conservation tillage;
Soil water content; Soil organic matter; Chemical composition
89 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Earthworm populations in dryland cropping soils under conservation-tillage in
South Australia.
Buckerfield, J.C.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Dec.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (12): p. 1667-1672; 1992 Dec. In the
special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on
Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A.
Kretzschmar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Oligochaeta; Species; Aporrectodea caliginosa;
Earthworms; Introduced species; Conservation tillage; Rotations; Population
density; Biomass; Age structure; Population distribution; Soil depth; Soil
water content; Seasonal variation; Precipitation; Dry farming
Abstract: The seasonal abundance of earthworms and their vertical
distribution were studied in two adjacent fields, sown annually in an
alternating cereal-legume rotation, with minimal cultivation and
stubble-mulching. The introduced species Aporrectodea trapezoides, Microscolex
dubius and M. phosphoreus were concentrated in the upper 10 cm of soil for
90-150 days following the onset of autumn rains, but were not active in the top
60 cm after the rainfall declined in spring and throughout the dry summer.
Densities of up to 430 worms m-2 with a biomass of 111 g m-2 were recorded in
the wetter months. M. dubius was the dominant species in both fields in both
years. Differences in abundance, biomass and age-structure are discussed in
relation to soil moisture, pH, carbonate, organic C and N, and to the phase of
the crop rotation. The two fields have similar soils, similar cropping history
and productivity, but one field had consistently higher earthworm numbers and
biomass throughout 1988 and 1989. In each field the average size and total
biomass were higher, growth rate higher and adults relatively more abundant
under cereal than under the alternate legume phase.
90 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Economic analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on
light-textured soils.
Yiridoe, E.K.; Weersink, A.; Roy, R.C.; Swanton, C.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2):
p. 405-415; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; No-
tillage; Tillage; Rotations; Sandy loam soils; Crop yield; Returns; Production
costs; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Zea mays
91 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Economic analysis of including an annual forage in a corn-soybean farming
system.
Olson, K.D.; Martin, N.P.; Hicks, D.R.; Schmidt, M.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 599-606; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Farm
enterprises; Microeconomic analysis; Decision making; Risks; Stochastic
processes; Farm budgeting; Returns; Profits; Agricultural prices; Labor
requirements; Crop quality; Crop yield; Machinery requirements; Farm
management; Environmental impact; Case studies
92 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic assessment of maintaining high phosphorus and potassium soil test
levels.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.; Webb, J.; Voss, R.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 83-86; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Udolls; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Application rates; Economic viability;
Profitability; Production costs; Operating costs; Returns; Crop yield; Soil
testing; Soil test values; Phosphorus; Potassium; Residual effects; Long term
experiments; Seasonal variation; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Sustainability
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization costs, yields, and
economic returns associated with various P and K fertilization levels were
evaluated on corn and soybeans in rotation in northeastern Iowa from 1979 to
1989. The treatments were 0, 20, and 40 lb P/acre and 0, 60, and 120 lb
K/acre, in all nine combinations, plus the high rate (40 + 120) applied on
alternate years. (The latter treatment applied, respectively, in odd or even
years was averaged into one treatment.) The initial soil test levels averaged
57 pounds of P and 355 pounds of K The P-K treatments did not significantly
explain the variation in corn or soybean yields. Net returns were found
directly related to the cost of the treatment, so that the control treatment (0
+ 0) achieved the highest returns. The cost of using the 20 + 60 treatment to
maintain soil test levels in the high to very high range was $24/acre per year.
Annual application of 40 + 120 cost $45/acre. A sufficiency approach to
applying P and K could drastically reduce fertilizer costs for high-testing
soils. Further research is needed to determine if recommendations from this
approach can be lowered in some cases. Extension workers must continue to
develop ways to aid farmers in realizing the usefulness of soil testing.
Farmers must carefully evaluate their fertilization needs in conjunction with
soil test results. Together, a more sustainable approach to P and K
fertilization for corn and soybeans may be attained.
93 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic comparison of conventional and reduced-chemical farming systems in
Iowa.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (4): p. 160-173; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Avena sativa; Alfalfa hay; Meadows;
Economic analysis; Cropping systems; Farming systems; Agricultural chemicals;
Comparisons; Alternative farming; Yields; Returns; Land; Labor requirements;
Production costs; Profitability; Labor costs; Farm management
Abstract: Labor requirements, production costs, yields, and economic returns
were evaluated for conventional and reduced-chemical cropping systems in
northeast Iowa from 1978 to 1989. Continuous corn (C-C) and corn-soybean
(C-Sb) rotations represented the conventional system; a corn-oat-meadow
(C-O-M) rotation represented the reduced-chemical system. The C-C and C-Sb
rotations used both commercial pesticides and fertilizers. The C-O-M rotation
used manure for fertilization and applied pesticides only in emergencies.
Operations for all systems were implemented by one farm manager. The C-Sb
rotation had the highest corn yield over the 12-year period, and the C-O-M
rotation the lowest. The corn within the C-O-M rotation, however, produced the
second highest average return to land labor, and management. With costs of
production substantially lower than the conventional systems, the C-O-M corn
crop had competitive returns despite lower-yield. The C-Sb average return to
land, labor, and management was significantly higher than for the other
systems. Hourly labor charges of $4, $10, $20, and $50 had little effect on the
rankings of economic returns. Because of unusually high alfalfa reseeding costs
and low average oat yields, returns to the C-O-M rotation were
significantly lower than C-Sb but comparable to C-C. With better alfalfa
establishment and higher average oat yields, the reduced-chemical system might
have been competitive with the C-Sb conventional system.
94 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
The economics of alternative tillage systems, crop rotations, and herbicide use
on three representative East-Central Corn Belt farms.
Martin, M.A.; Schreiber, M.M.; Riepe, J.R.; Bahr, J.R.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 299-307; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Cost benefit
analysis; Conservation tillage; Sustainability; Integrated pest management;
Alternative farming; Farm income; Farm inputs; Herbicides; Weed control;
Rotations; Farm size; No-tillage; Farm results; Crop yield; Continuous
cropping; Chiselling; Mathematical models; Linear programming
Abstract: A linear programming model was used to determine which crop
rotations and weed management systems result in the highest net farm income for
each of three farm sizes (120, 240, and 480 hectares) under alternative tillage
systems. Test plot data for the years 1981 through 1988 from the
Purdue University Agronomy Farm, which has highly productive, well-drained
soils, were analyzed. Net incomes for no-till tillage systems on all farms in
the model were consistently and significantly lower than incomes for moldboard
and chisel plow tillage systems due to slightly lower yields and substantially
higher herbicide costs. Generally, net farm incomes were slightly higher with a
moldboard plow versus chisel plow tillage system. Also, as farm size
increased, per hectare net incomes increased. About 80% of the time under
moldboard or chisel plow tillage systems, the model chose as optimal the
lowest of three herbicide application rates. A corn/soybean rotation was
chosen as optimal on 56% of the farm area analyzed, versus 25% for continuous
corn and 13% for a corn/soybean/wheat rotation.
95 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of 2,4-D and dicamba residues on following crops in conservation
tillage systems.
Moyer, J.R.; Bergen, P.; Schaalje, G.B.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p.
149-155; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum;
Brassica napus; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Conservation tillage; Weed control;
Chemical control; Herbicide residues; 2,4-d; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Residual
effects; Application date; Phytotoxicity; Crop damage; Spring; Sowing date;
Crop yield
96 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of AC 222,293 soil residues on rotational crops.
Fellows, G.M.; Fay, P.K.; Carlson, G.R.; Stewart, V.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
48-51; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Helianthus annuus;
Rotations; Lens culinaris; Brassica napus; Beta vulgaris; Avena fatua; Solanum
tuberosum; Herbicide residues; Residual effects; Pesticide persistence;
Herbicide rates; Phytotoxicity
97 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of atrizine and tillage on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) establishment in
corn (Zea mays)-alfalfa rotation.
Kells, J.J.; Leep, R.H.; Tesar, M.B.; Leavitt, R.A.; Cudnohufsky, J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (2): p.
360-365. ill; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Rotations; Sequential
cropping; Seedlings; Phytotoxicity; Atrazine; Abiotic injuries; No-tillage;
Plowing; Persistence; Herbicide residues; Spatial distribution; Crop
establishment
98 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Effect of continued cropping on a heavy clay soil on the coast of Guyana with
and without tillage.
Simpson, L.A.; Gumbs, F.A.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 111-118; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Guyana; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Rotations; No-tillage; Rain;
Soil temperature; Soil water; Tillage; Crop yield; Clay soils
99 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
The effect of cover crops and fertilization with ammonium nitrate on corky root
of lettuce.
Van Bruggen, A.H.C.; Brown, P.R.; Shennan, C.; Greathead, A.S.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1990 Aug.
Plant disease v. 74 (8): p. 584-588; 1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lactuca sativa; Cover crops; Ammonium nitrate;
Corking; Roots; Secale cereale; Winter; Crop yield; Soil water; Soil structure;
Inoculum; Seasonal variation; Vicia faba; Dry matter; Bacterial diseases; Gram
negative bacteria; Disease control; Cultural control; Nitrogen content
100 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of crop rotations and cultural practices on soil organic matter,
microbial biomass and respiration in a thin Black Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Zentner, R.P.; Lafond, G.P.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Aug.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (3): p. 363-376; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Melilotus officinalis; Bromus
inermis; Medicago sativa; Chernozems; Soil organic matter; Crop management;
Fertilizers; Rotation; Continuous cropping; Fallow; Biomass; Respiration;
Mineralization; Carbon; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Plant
analysis; Crop residues; Nutrient content; Green manures; Straw disposal; Crop
yield; Grain; Soil depth; A horizons; Long term experiments
101 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on soil organic matter and some
biochemical properties of a thick Black Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; Canada; Bowren, K.E.; Schnitzer, M.; Zentner, R.P.; Townley-
Smith, L.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Aug.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (3): p. 377-387; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Melilotus officinalis; Bromus
inermis; Medicago sativa; Chernozems; Soil organic matter; Crop management;
Fertilizers; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Fallow; Carbon; Nitrogen;
Mineralization; Amino acids; Spatial distribution; Amino sugars; Carbon-
nitrogen ratio; A horizons; Surface layers; Green manures; Crop residues;
Nutrient content; Soil depth; Biological activity in soil; Long term
experiments
102 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of crop rotations on microbial biomass, specific respiratory activity
and mineralizable nitrogen in a Black Chernozemic soil.
Campbell, C.A.; Moulin, A.P.; Bowren, K.E.; Janzen, H.H.; Townley-Smith, L.;
Biederbeck, V.O.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1992 Nov.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 72 (4): p. 417-427; 1992 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Melilotus
officinalis; Green manures; Soil flora; Biomass; Respiration; Biological
activity in soil; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Chernozemic soils; Fertilizers
103 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of cropping practices on the initial potential rate of N mineralization
in a thin Black Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; LaFond, G.P.; Leyshon, A.J.; Zentner, R.P.; Janzen, H.H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Feb.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (1): p. 43-53; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Bromus inermis; Medicago sativa;
Chernozems; Agricultural soils; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Soil organic matter;
Rotations; Continuous cropping; Green manures; Fertilizers; Soil fertility;
Sustainability
104 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Effect of cropping regime on populations of Belonolaimus sp. and Pratylenchus
scribneri in sandy soil.
Todd, T.C.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 646-651; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Glycine max; Medicago sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum
aestivum; Zea mays; Belonolaimus; Pratylenchus scribneri; Rotations; Population
density
Abstract: The host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were
compared for a Kansas population of Belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse
conditions. In a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses
of Belonolaimus sp. and Pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping
regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. With the
exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial
increases in populations of both nematodes. Largest nematode population
increases in the field occurred in corn plots, whereas alfalfa did not allow
reproduction by either species during the 2 years of observation. Soil
populations of both nematodes remained at detectable levels after 2 years of
fallow. The distribution of numbers of Belonolaimus sp. between soil depths
varied with sampling date, whereas populations of P. scribneri were
consistently concentrated in the top 30 cm of soil.
105 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Effect of cropping systems on adsorption of metals by soils. I. Single-metal
adsorption.
Basta, N.T.; Tabatabai, M.A.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Feb.
Soil science v. 153 (2): p. 108-114; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Avena sativa; Medicago sativa;
Trifolium pratense; Mollisols; Clay loam soils; Silt loam soils; Rotations;
Continuous cropping; Heavy metals; Adsorption; Lead; Copper; Cadmium; Zinc;
Nickel; Ammonium fertilizers; Urea fertilizers; Soil treatment; Ammonium; Soil
ph; Soil organic matter; Carbon; Base saturation; Cation exchange capacity;
Particle size distribution; Sorption isotherms; Crop management; Long term
experiments
106 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Effect of green manuring, blue-green algae and neem-cake-coated urea on
wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Singh, S.; Prasad, R.; Singh, B.V.; Goyal, S.K.; Sharma, S.N.
Berlin : Springer International; 1990.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 9 (3): p. 235-238; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Oryza sativa; Cyanobacteria; Green manures; Neem cake
coated urea; Sesbania aculeata; Urea fertilizers; Yield components; Yield
increases
107 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
Effect of green manuring with Sesbania aculeata on physical properties of soil
and on growth of wheat in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems in a
semiarid region of India.
Boparai, B.S.; Yadvinder-Singh; Sharma, B.D.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 6 (2): p. 135-143; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indian punjab; Sesbania aculeata; Green manures; Incorporation;
Oryza sativa; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Rotations; Residual
effects; Roots; Growth; Density; Crop yield; Grain; Aggregates; Stability; Soil
density; Bulk density; Infiltration; Soil water content; Soil water retention;
Hydraulic conductivity; Soil organic matter; Carbon; Semiarid climate;
Irrigated conditions; Flooding; Puddling; Sandy soils
108 NAL Call. No.: S451.M9M9
Effect of harvest management and nurse crop on production of five small-seeded
legumes.
Welty, L.E.; Westcott, M.P.; Prestbye, L.S.; Knox, M.L.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Station; 1991.
Montana agresearch - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana
University v. 8 (1): p. 11-17; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Green manures; Trifolium alexandrinum; Medicago sativa;
Trifolium resupinatum; Companion crops; Avena sativa; Harvesting; Management
109 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Effect of incorporated green manure crops on subsequent oat production in an
acid, infertile silt loam.
Warman, P.R.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 431-435; 1991. In the
series analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH / edited by R.J. Wright,
V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann. Proceedings of the Second International
Symposium, June 24-29, 1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acid soils; Silt loam soils; Green manures; Oryza sativa; Crop
yield
Abstract: A field-size experiment was initiated in 1982 on an acid, low
fertility Springhill silt loam to determine the effect of five unfertilized
green manure crops (alsike clover, sweet clover, single- and double-cut red
clover, and buckwheat) on subsequent oat production and soil fertility. The
field was limed in 1982 and green manures were seeded (without fertilizer) in
spring, 1983 in 1400 m2 strips randomly assigned within three treatment
blocks. Plant tissue samples were taken from different locations in each plot
in the fall of 1983 and all crops were incorporated. In 1984 the field was
separated into an upper and lower section and each section received three rates
of NPK fertilizer (0; 30-36-36; 60-72-72 kg per ha-1) spread across the
previous strips. Gary oats were seeded and at harvest were divided into grain
and straw. The results indicated significant effects of field sample location,
green manure type and fertilizer level on oat yields. Buckwheat significantly
reduced oat production compared to the four clovers, while the highest
fertilizer rate improved oat yields compared with the other levels of
fertilizers. Elemental analysis of the green manure crops and soil fertility
was compared with data of the same crops grown in more fertile, neutral soils.
110 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Effect of incorporating plant materials on corn growth.
Kaufusi, P.; Asghar, M.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological
Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 81-82; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Leguminosae; Green manures; Soil fertility; Growth;
Indicator plants; Plant nutrition
111 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77
The effect of pea cultivation on succeeding winter cereals and winter oilseed
rape nitrogen nutrition.
Jensen, E.S.; Haahr, V.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990.
Applied agricultural research v. 5 (2): p. 102-107; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum;
Nitrogen uptake; Nutrient contents of plants; Straw; Rotations; Dry matter
accumulation; Grain; Crop yield
Abstract: A short-term crop rotation experiment was carried out in duplicate
three-year periods to evaluate the residual N effect of cultivating pea (Pisum
sativum L.) for harvest at the dry seed stage in comparison to oats (Avena
sativa L.). Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), winter wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.), and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus oleifera L.) followed pea
or oats and the third-phase crops were winter barley and winter oilseed rape.
Two weeks after the harvest of pea and oats, the soil profile (to 1 m depth)
contained on average 30 kg N/ha (26.7 lb N/A) more after pea than after oats.
The N accumulation in winter barley, winter wheat, and winter oilseed rape
until early December was on average 15 kg N/ha higher after pea than after
oats. Barley and oilseed rape were more efficient than wheat in
accumulating N during the autumn. The residual N effect of pea as measured by
grain yields of winter cereals not supplied with N fertilizer was equivalent to
spring application of 20 to 30 kg N/ha to crops following oats. In winter
cereals given 90 or 120 kg N/ha, only a small residual N effect of pea was
observed. With winter cereals, the rotation effect of pea is probably more
important than the residual N effect. In winter oilseed rape, the residual N
effect was equivalent to 30 to 60 kg N/ha applied to crops following oats, at
all levels of N fertilization. Removal of the above-ground pea residues, which
contained less than 1% N, had no influence on the residual N effect. The yield
of crops grown in the second year after pea and oats was not significantly
influenced by the first-phase crop.
112 NAL Call. No.: 382 So12
Effect of residual fertility and direct fertilisation on kernel, protein and
oil yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) grown in rice fallows.
Thimmegowda, S.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1993.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 61 (4): p. 385-387; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arachis hypogaea; Cultivation; Fallow; Rotations; Oryza sativa;
Green manures; Residual effects; Soil fertility; Npk fertilizers; Crop yield;
Kernels; Protein; Peanut oil
Abstract: Kernel (2814-3467 kg ha-1), protein (555-759 kg ha-1) and oil
(124-1556 kg ha-1) yields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) varied significantly
due to the residual effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilisers
together. It was also observed that direct application of recommended
fertilisers (25 N, 72 P2O5 and 37.5 K2O kg ha-1) gave the highest kernel (3669
kg ha-1), protein (786 kg ha-1) and oil (1606 kg ha-1) yields. The reduction in
kernel, protein and oil yield from the recommended level of fertilisers to half
the recommended level of fertilisers was about 16, 15 and 12% while it was
about 25, 33 and 27% with no fertiliser. Thus, the results revealed that the
nutrients applied partly through organic manures and inorganic fertilisers to
Kharif rice exhibits significant residual effects on the succeeding upland crop
and hence the fertilisation must be considered not only for individual crops
but also for the cropping system as a whole.
113 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
Effect of risk preferences on incorporation of double-crop soybeans into
traditional rotations.
Harper, J.K.; Williams, J.R.; Burton, R.O. Jr; Kelley, K.W.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jul.
Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 185-200; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Soybeans; Wheat; Sorghum; Double cropping; Farm
management; Risk; Decision making; Innovation adoption; Returns; Market prices;
Crop yield; Production costs; Federal programs; Interest rates; Target prices;
Mathematical models
Abstract: Six enterprise combinations, four including a double-crop sequence
of wheat followed immediately after harvest by soybeans, were evaluated for
southeastern Kansas given the requirements for participation in the government
commodity program. Stochastic dominance analysis was used to select the
preferred combination under six different classes of risk preferences. A
two-year sequence of wheat double-cropped with soybeans followed by
full-season soybeans was the preferred combination for all classes of risk
preferences analyzed. Sensitivity analysis indicated that if labor, machinery,
or field time constraints limit the number of acres of double-cropped soybeans
and/or if farm yields are sufficiently less than those included in the data
set, results would either favor rotations that do not double-crop or those that
double-crop less than the maximum number of acres each year.
114 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Effect of rotation and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium on nitrogen fixation and
yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., cv. Virginia Bunch).
Peoples, M.B.; Bell, M.J.; Bushby, H.V.A.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (3): p. 595-607; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Arachis hypogaea; Rotations; Sequential cropping; Soil
inoculation; Bradyrhizobium; Nitrogen fixation; Crop yield
115 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in
soybean (Glycine max).
Liebl, R.; Simmons, F.W.; Wax, L.M.; Stoller, E.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (4): p.
838-846; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Cabt; Glycine max; Conservation tillage; No-tillage;
Mulching; Secale cereale; Cover crops; Zea mays; Crop residues; Weed control;
Chenopodium album; Setaria faberi; Amaranthus hybridus; Abutilon theophrasti;
Soil water content; Crop yield; Herbicides; Application date; Planting date
116 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The effect of stem nematode on establishment and early yields of white clover.
Cook, R.; Evans, D.R.; Williams, T.A.; Mizen, K.A.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 83-94; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Cultivars; Lolium perenne; Ditylenchus dipsaci;
Infestation; Aldicarb; Rotations; Varietal resistance; Crop establishment; Crop
yield
117 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effect of tillage implement and date of sweetclover incorporation on available
soil N and succeeding spring wheat yields.
Foster, R.K.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 70 (1):
p. 269-277; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Melilotus officinalis; Tillage; Incorporation; Green manures; Soil
chemistry; Nitrogen; Triticum aestivum; Spring wheat; Crop yield; Timing
118 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effect of tillage on nitrogen response in corn (Zea mays L.) after established
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).
Aflkpui, G.K.S.; Vyn, T.J.; Hall, M.R.; Anderson, G.W.; Swanton, C.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (1):
p. 73-81; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Rotations; Tillage; Crop yield; Harvest index
119 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77
Effect of tillage on soil water and alfalfa establishment in corn stubble.
Stout, W.L.; Byers, R.A.; Bahler, C.C.; Hoffman, L.D.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990.
Applied agricultural research v. 5 (3): p. 176-180; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; Tillage; Soil water; Establishment;
Maize stover; Soil water content; Secale cereale; No-tillage; Sowing date; Crop
yield; Cover crops; Sowing depth
Abstract: The effect of soil water on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedling
growth during no-till establishment into corn stubble has not been documented.
Our objective was to determine the effects of differences in soil water levels
resulting from different tillage methods and seeding dates on alfalfa
emergence and seedling growth. The experiment was located at the Rock Spring
Agricultural Research Center in Centre County, PA (40 degrees 42'N Lat., 77
degrees 57'W Long., elev. 365 m (1200 ft)), on a Hublersburg silt loam soil
(clayey, mixed, mesic typic Hapludult) in 1986 and 1987 and a Hagerstown silt
loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in 1988. Alfalfa (cv. 'WL316')
was drilled no-till into stubbles from corn harvested for grain (NT-G), silage
(NT-S), or silage plus a rye (Secale cereale L. cv. common) cover crop
(NT-SR), and seeded into a conventionally prepared seedbed resulting from corn
harvested for grain (CT). Seeding dates were early April (EA), late April (LA),
and mid-May (MM). Soil water content was not adversely affected by the
inclusion of the rye cover crop in the NT-SR treatment. Good stands of over 70%
seedling frequency were obtained with all treatments, but the NT-S
treatment had significantly higher seedling yields, yields at one-tenth bloom,
and total seedling year yields than the others. Seedling yields were
significantly lower in the NT-SR treatment, however rye silage yields made this
treatment one of the most productive in the seedling year. In addition the rye
cover crop of the NT-SR treatment provides a conservation cover during the
winter and a means of capturing nitrate left over from the corn crop or
mineralized during the early spring. In the first production year, there was no
significant effect of tillage or seeding date on first harvest yields.
120 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 AU7
Effects of 8-year rotations of grain sorghum with lucerne, annual legume, wheat
and long fallow on nitrogen and organic carbon in two contrasting soils.
Holford, I.C.R.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1990.
Australian journal of soil research v. 28 (2): p. 277-291; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Soil fertility; Red clay soils; Black earths;
Sorghum bicolor; Medicago sativa; Triticum aestivum; Annual field crops;
Rotations; Continuous cropping; Fallow systems; Nitrate nitrogen; Nitrogen;
Carbon; Organic matter in soil; Soil moisture; Bulk density; Nitrogen uptake;
Grain; Crop yield; Seasonal fluctuations
121 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C
Effects of crop sequence and rainfall on population dynamics of Fusarium
solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil.
Hall, R.; Phillips, L.G.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v. 70 (10): p.
2005-2008; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli; Population dynamics;
Population density; Agricultural soils; Rain; Rotations; Zea mays; Glycine max;
Phaseolus vulgaris
122 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Effects of crop sequence and weather on soil populations of Fusarium solani f.
sp. phaseoli.
Hall, R.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University; 1992.
Annual report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative v. 35: p. 115-116; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Phaseolus vulgaris; Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli;
Infectivity; Inoculum density; Rotations; Climatic factors
123 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Effects of cropping systems on population density of Heterodera glycines and
soybean yield.
Koenning, S.R.; Schmitt, D.P.; Barker, K.R.
St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Aug.
Plant Disease v. 77 (8): p. 780-786; 1993 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cultivars; Maturity groups; Heterodera glycines;
Populations; Population density; Crop yield; Rotations; Planting date
124 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
The effects of fumigation, rotation with lupins, and nitrogen application on
plant growth and common root rot of wheat at Geraldton, Western Australia.
Wilson, J.M.; Hamblin, J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 41 (4): p. 619-631; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Triticum; Root rots; Cochliobolus sativus;
Fungus control; Lupinus; Nitrogen fertilizers; Rotations; Soil fumigation
125 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Effects of intensity of agronomic practices on a soil ecosystem.
Weil, R.R.; Lowell, K.A.; Shade, H.M.
Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1993.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 8 (1): p. 5-14; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil biology; Ecosystems; Soil organic matter; Cropping systems;
Sustainability; Organic farming; Tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Cycling;
Earthworms
Abstract: Monitoring soil biological activity may provide useful information
in assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems. From 1985 to 1992, we
compared five cropping systems in southern Maryland. Four of the systems
involved the production of wheat, soybean, or corn, but differed in intensity
of tillage, herbicide use, crop biomass removal, and N fertilizer application.
The fifth system was continuous grass. The objective was to assess how these
cropping systems affected selected indicators of soil biological activity and
nutrient cycling. From Fall, 1990 through Fall 1991 the upper layers (0-5 or
0-15 cm) of soil were studied to assess C and N contents, selected physical
properties, extractable organic C, microbial respiration, decomposition of
plant tissue, N mineralization, and earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations. On a
dry weight basis total and labile C were significantly higher under grass and
lower under conventionally tilled (CT) continuous corn than in the other three
systems. In fall, there were significantly fewer earthworms (10.4 m-2) under
the reduced input rotation than in any other system, and fewer under CT
continuous corn than in the organic (corn-wheat-green manure) rotation or
grass. In general, the rates of CO2 evolution were 30 to 35% lower in fall
(11.5 to 22.5 kg C ha-1 d-1) than in spring (17.3 to 33.7 kg C ha-1 d-1).
During both seasons grass had approximately twice as much soil metabolic
activity as CT continuous corn. The absence of tillage clearly was important in
increasing N mineralization capacity, since the two untilled systems had
comparable rates of N release that were significantly greater than those for
the other systems. Among the tilled systems, mineral N after laboratory
incubation decreased with increasing frequency and intensity of tillage in the
order: reduced input > organic > CT continuous corn. It was evident from a
combination of measures that soil biological activity was enhanced in the
systems that minimized tillage. The results underscored the value of grass for
soil improvement.
126 NAL Call. No.: S79.E3
The effects of lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter weeds as cover
crops for cotton.
Hurst, H.R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Jun.
Bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (982): 6
p.; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Triticum aestivum; Vicia sativa;
Weeds; Herbicide residues; Cover crops; Adverse effects; Plant density
127 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Effects of legumes in a cropping rotation on an infertile soil in Machakos
District, Kenya.
Simpson, J.R.; Karanja, D.R.; Ikombo, B.M.; Keating, B.A.
Canberra : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; 1992.
ACIAR proceedings (41): p. 44-49; 1992. In the series analytic: A search for
strategies for sustainable dryland cropping in semi-arid eastern Kenya /
edited by M.E. Probert. Paper presented at a symposium held Dec 10-11, 1990,
Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Legumes; Cropping systems; Rotation; Soil fertility; Maize;
Cereals
128 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au783
Effects of lupin on soil properties and wheat production.
Chan, K.Y.; Heenan, D.P.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 1950-
; 1993.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 44 (8): p. 1971-1984; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Cabt; Triticum; Crop production; Crop yield;
Lupinus angustifolius; Red soils; Rotations; Soil acidity; Soil organic matter;
Soil properties; Sustainability
129 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Effects of moldboard plowing, chisel plowing and rotation crops on the
Rhizoctonia disease of white potato.
Leach, S.S.; Porter, G.A.; Rourke, R.V.; Clapham, W.M.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1993 Apr.
American potato journal v. 70 (4): p. 329-337; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Solanum tuberosum; Rhizoctonia solani; Plant pathogenic
fungi; Disease control; Plowing; Chiselling; Rotations; Avena sativa; Fagopyrum
esculentum; Lupinus albus; Pisum sativum; Brassica oleracea; Incidence
130 NAL Call. No.: 500 N813
The effects of no-till and moldboard plow tillage on the movement of nitrates
and pesticides through the Vadose Zone.
Bischoff, J.; Bender, A.; Carlson, C.
Grand Forks, N.D. : The Academy; 1990 Apr.
Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science v. 44: p. 42; 1990 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Avena sativa; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; No-tillage;
Plowing; Rotations; Movement in soil; Nitrates; Pesticides; Soil water movement
131 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effects of plant residues and environmental factors on phosphorus availability
in soils.
Li, G.C.; Mahler, R.L.; Everson, D.O.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990 Mar.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21 (5/6): p. 471-491; 1990
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Pisum sativum; Triticum aestivum; Plant residues;
Wheat straw; Green manures; Phosphorus; Nutrient availability; Mineralization;
Decomposition; Soil sorption; Organic matter in soil; Soil temperature; Soil
water potential; Environmental factors; Interactions
132 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Effects of previous cropping systems on soil nitrogen and grain sorghum yield.
Bagayoko, M.; Mason, S.C.; Sabata, R.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p. 862-868; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Glycine max; Rotations; Sorghum bicolor; Soil chemistry;
Nitrogen content; Grain; Stover; Crop yield
Abstract: Producers who grow soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 3 and 4-yr
rotations with grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or other grain crops
lack information about the duration of grain yield and soil mineral N benefits
of soybean in crop rotations. To determine the 1-, 2-, and 3-yr
effects of soybean in crop rotations, an experiment with 8 yr of continuous
soybean and grain sorghum, and soybean-grain sorghum and grain sorghum-soybean
rotations combined with fertility treatments of control, N (45 kg ha-1 on
soybean and 90 kg ha-1 on grain sorghum) and manure (16 Mg ha-1 dry matter
containing 160 to 250 kg available N ha-1) was terminated in 1987. In 1988 and
1989 grain sorghum was grown on all plots without fertilizer to determine the
residual effects of previous cropping system and fertilizer regime on soil
mineral N, sorghum grain, and stover yield. The experiment was conducted near
Mead, NE on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil (fine montomorillinitic, mesic,
Typic Arqiudoll). Early in the 1988 season plots with soybean as the previous
crop had 44 to 50 kg ha-1 more NO3-N in the 150-cm soil profile than did plots
with continuous grain sorghum. Early in the 1989 season, plots where soybean
had been grown 2 yr previously had 17 to 23 kg ha-1 more soil NO3-N than did
continuous grain sorghum plots, while plots 3 yr after soybean had only 3 to 8
kg ha-1 more soil NO3-N. The yield of grain sorghum in the first, second, and
third year following soybean was 2 to 3, 0.4 to 1.4, and 0.1 Mg ha-1,
respectively, greater than the yield of continuous grain sorghum. This study
indicated that soybean in a crop rotation can contribute to soil NO3-N and
consequently increase sorghum grain yield for 2 yrs if fertilizer N is
limiting.
133 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Effects of rapeseed and vetch as green manure crops and fallow on nematodes and
soil-borne pathogens.
Johnson, A.W.; Goldern, A.M.; Auld, D.L.; Sumner, D.R.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Mar.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (1): p. 117-126; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Vicia villosa; Cucurbita pepo; Meloidogyne
incognita; Meloidogyne javanica; Pythium; Rhizoctonia solani; Cropping systems
Abstract: In a rapeseed-squash cropping system, Meloidogyne incognita race 1
and M. javanica did not enter, feed, or reproduce in roots of seven rapeseed
cultivars. Both nematode species reproduced at low levels on roots of the third
crop of rapeseed. Reproduction of M. incognita and M. javanica was high on
squash following rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow. The application of
fenamiphos suppressed (P = 0.05) root-gall indices on squash following
rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow; and on Dwarf Essex and Cascade rapeseed, but
not Bridger and Humus rapeseed in 1987. The incorporation of 30-61 mt/ha green
biomass of rapeseed into the soil 6 months after planting did not affect the
population densities of Criconemella ornata, M. incognita, M. javanica, Pythium
spp., Rhizoctonia solani AG-4; nor did it consistently increase yield of
squash. Hairy vetch supported larger numbers of M. incognita and M.
javanica than rapeseed cultivars or fallow. Meloidogyne incognita and M.
javanica survived in fallow plots in the absence of a host from October to May
each year at a level sufficient to warrant the use of a nematicide to manage
nematodes on the following susceptible crop.
134 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effects of soil-applied AC 263,222 on crops rotated with soybean (Glycine max).
Wixson, M.B.; Shaw, D.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (2): p.
276-279; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Rotations; Gossypium hirsutum; Lolium
multiflorum; Oryza sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays;
Imidazolinone herbicides; Residual effects; Phytotoxicity; Crop damage; Weed
control; Chemical control
135 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Effects of tillage and application method on clomazone, imazaquin, and
imazethapyr persistence.
Curran, W.S.; Liebl, R.A.; Simmons, F.W.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Weed science v. 40 (3): p. 482-489; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Rotations; Zea mays; Weed control; Chemical
control; Clomazone; Imazaquin; Imazethapyr; Persistence; Residual effects; Crop
damage; Phytotoxicity; No-tillage; Minimum tillage; Plowing; Application
methods
Abstract: Effects of tillage and herbicide application method on the
persistence and residual activity of clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr were
investigated in a 2-yr field study. Herbicides were applied preemergence and
preplant incorporated to conventional- and reduced-tillage soybeans in 1987 and
1988. Herbicide dissipation was monitored using chromatographic and bioassay
techniques. In 1987, dissipation rates for clomazone, imazaquin, and
imazethapyr were similar, regardless of tillage system or application method.
In 1988, all three herbicides applied preplant incorporated dissipated more
slowly than in preemergence treatments. Corn planted in rotation in 1989
displayed greater levels of injury in the incorporated treatments for all three
herbicides. Although herbicide concentrations were similar 322 d
following application in both tillage treatments in 1989, corn injury was
greater with imazaquin and imazethapyr and less with clomazone in the
reduced-tillage plots than in the conventional-tillage treatments.
136 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
Effects of tillage, application time and rate on metribuzin dissipation.
Sorenson, B.A.; Shea, P.J.; Roeth, F.W.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
Weed research v. 31 (6): p. 335-345; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Glycine max; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Rotations;
Weed control; Metribuzin; Application date; Application methods; Application
rates; Tillage; No-tillage; Crop yield; Herbicide residues; Silt loam soils
137 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on root anda foliar diseases of
wheat, flax, and peas in Saskatchewan.
Bailey, K.L.; Mortensen, K.; Lafond, G.P.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (2):
p. 583-591; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Linum usitatissimum; Pisum sativum; Triticum
aestivum; Cultivars; Disease resistance; Fungal diseases; Plant pathogenic
bacteria; Cultural control; Disease control; Rotations; Tillage
138 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
The effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil water conservation,
seedling establishment and crop yield.
Lafond, G.P.; Loeppky, H.; Derksen, D.A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (1):
p. 103-115; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Pisum sativum; Linum usitatissimum; Triticum
aestivum; Crop production; Crop yield; Seedling growth; Tillage; Stubble
cultivation; Fallow; Rotations; Soil water; Soil conservation; Soil physical
properties; Chemical properties
139 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
The effects of tillage systems on the economic performance of spring wheat,
winter wheat, flax and field pea production in east-central Saskatchewan.
Lafond, G.P.; Zentner, R.P.; Geremia, R.; Derksen, D.A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (1):
p. 47-54; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Pisum sativum; Linum usitatissimum; Triticum
aestivum; Fallow systems; Minimum tillage; No-tillage; Rotations; Stubble
cultivation; Sustainability; Cost benefit analysis
140 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Effects of two-year crop rotations and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt in
flue-cured tobacco.
Melton, T.A.; Powell, N.T.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1991 Jul.
Plant disease v. 75 (7): p. 695-698; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Cultivars; Pseudomonas
solanacearum; Plant disease control; Rotations; Continuous cropping; Fallow;
Glycine max; Zea mays; Festuca; Varietal resistance; Fumigation; Bacterial
diseases; Wilts; Incidence; Crop yield; Crop quality; Temperature; Moisture
141 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Effects of winged bean on a following maize crop.
Weil, R.R.; Samaranayake, A.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (3): p. 329-338; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Psophocarpus tetragonolobus; Zea mays; Glycine max;
Rotations; Sequential cropping; Site factors; Ecosystems; Field
experimentation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil properties; Seeds; Crop yield
142 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Effects of winter cover crops on cotton yield and selected soil properties.
Keisling, T.C.; Scott, H.D.; Waddle, B.A.; Williams, W.; Frans, R.E.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. p. 492-496;
1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa;
Lupinus albus; Trifolium incarnatum; Crop yield; Soil physical properties
143 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Efficient management of leguminous green manures in wetland rice.
Singh, Y.; Khind, C.S.; Singh, B.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1991.
Advances in agronomy v. 45: p. 135-189; 1991. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Oryza sativa; Green manures; Biomass; Fertilizers;
Irrigation; Mineralization; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrient availability; Residual
effects; Soil inoculation; Soil organic matter; Soil properties; Wetlands; Crop
yield; Literature reviews
144 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.A82E96
Estimating 1993 production costs in Arkansas: soybeans--following wheat, loamy
soils, flood irrigation.
Windham, T.E.; Stuart, C.A.
Fayetteville, Ark.?: The Service; 1992 Nov.
Extension technical bulletin - UA Cooperative Extension Service (184): 8 p.;
1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Production costs; Estimation; Farm
budgeting; Loam soils; Flood irrigation; Triticum aestivum; Rotations
145 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.A82E96
Estimating 1993 production costs in Arkansas: soybeans--in rice rotation, loamy
soils, flood irrigation.
Windham, T.E.; Stuart, C.A.
Fayetteville, Ark.?: The Service; 1992 Nov.
Extension technical bulletin - UA Cooperative Extension Service (183): 8 p.;
1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Production costs; Estimation; Farm
budgeting; Loam soils; Flood irrigation; Oryza sativa; Rotations
146 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.A82E96
Estimating 1993 production costs in Arkansas: soybeans--no-till, following
wheat, loamy soils, flood irrigation.
Windham, T.E.; Stuart, C.A.
Fayetteville, Ark.?: The Service; 1992 Nov.
Extension technical bulletin - UA Cooperative Extension Service (185): 8 p.;
1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Production costs; Estimation; Farm
budgeting; Loam soils; Flood irrigation; Triticum aestivum; No-tillage;
Rotations
147 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Estimating N2 fixation by Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina (syn. S.
aculeata) in lowland rice soil by the 15N dilution method.
Pareek, R.P.; Ladha, J.K.; Watanbe, I.
Berlin : Springer International; 1990.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 10 (2): p. 77-88; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Sesbania; Sesbania cannabina; Green manures; Isotope
labeling; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Paddy soils; Soil fertility; Tropics;
Mathematical models; Field tests
148 NAL Call. No.: SB13.E97
Estimating total N2 fixation by legumes in long-term rotation studies.
Papastylianou, I.
Montrouge Cedex, France : Gauthier-Villars, 1992-; 1993.
European journal of agronomy : the journal of the European Society for
Agronomy v. 2 (1): p. 1-10; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyprus; Cabt; Vicia sativa; Nitrogen fixation; Measurement;
Estimation; Equations; Nitrogen; Use efficiency; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Rotations; Hordeum vulgare
149 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Ethephon use on soybean cultivars to enhance establishment of underseeded cover
crops.
Moomaw, R.S.; Echtenkamp, G.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 250-255; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Ethephon; Application rates; Glycine max; Cultivars;
Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Plant height; Maturity; Canopy; Light
transmission; Crop establishment; Cover crops; Undersowing; Interplanting; Zea
mays; Rotations
150 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Evaluating seeders for conservation tillage production of peas.
Wilkins, D.E.; Bolton, F.; Saxton, K.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 165-170; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pacific northwest states of U.S.A.; Drills; Pisum sativum;
Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Rotations; Conservation tillage; Evaluation;
Comparisons; Performance testing
Abstract: Two new prototype conservation seeders and an endwheel seeder were
evaluated in the Pacific Northwest dryland production area for seeding edible
green peas. Field tests were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on plots with no
tillage or fall chisel plowing plus secondary field cultivations prior to
seeding. A strip-till seeder and cross-slot seeder showed good potential for
spring seeding peas into chisel plowed and untilled wheat stubble. The
end-wheel seeder performed well in tilled plots. There were no significant
differences in the amount of soil water lost between seeding and emergence for
the three seeders. Regardless of the seeder or prior tillage, when seeds were
placed in contact with soil that had between 50 and 150 kPa (0.5 and 1.5 bars)
water tension, over 85% of the seeds emerged and established plants.
151 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1991 S364
Evaluation of a continuous corn and wheat-corn-soybean rotation under dryland,
limited and full irrigation.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis :
Mechanized Agriculture
Schneekloth, Joel Philip
1991; 1991.
x, 179 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
152 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
An evaluation of crop plants as hosts for Ditylenchus destructor isolated from
peanut.
Basson, S.; De Waele, D.; Meyer, A.J.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1990 Jun.
Nematropica v. 20 (1): p. 23-29; 1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Arachis hypogaea; Cultivars; Ditylenchus
destructor; Greenhouse crops; Host parasite relationships; Hosts of plant
pests; Nematode control; Population density; Rotations
153 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Evaluation of crucifer green manures for controlling Aphanomyces root rot of
peas.
Muehlchen, A.M.; Rand, R.E.; Parke, J.L.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1990 Sep.
Plant disease v. 74 (9): p. 651-654; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aphanomyces; Plant pathogens; Green manures; Root rots; Pisum
sativum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Medicago sativa
154 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Evaluation of soil loss after 100 years of soil and crop management.
Gantzer, C.J.; Anderson, S.H.; Thompson, A.L.; Brown, J.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 74-77; 1991 Jan. Paper presented at the
Symposium on Long-Term Field Research, October 17-18, 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Zea mays; Phleum pratense; Avena sativa; Triticum
aestivum; Trifolium pratense; Long term experiments; Field experimentation;
Rotations; Continuous cropping; Crop management; Soil management; Erosion;
Topsoil; Sequential cropping
Abstract: Sanborn Field, at the University of Missouri-Columbia was
established in 1888 and is the oldest agricultural experiment field west of the
Mississippi River. It provides an excellent opportunity to document how long-
term crop rotations, and soil management influence soil erosion. Analyses of
topsoil thickness are presented to describe soil remaining after 100 yr of
cropping in plots planted to continuous corn (Zea mays L.), to continuous
timothy (Phleum pratense L.). and to a 6-yr rotation cropped sequentially to
corn, oat (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), clover (Trifolium
pratense), timothy, and timothy. Topsoil thickness was significantly less for
the continuous corn than the 6-yr rotation or timothy plots after 100 yr of
cropping. Corn plots had only about 44%, and the rotation plots had only about
70% as much topsoil as did the timothy plots. The amount of clay in the plow
layer was significantly higher in the corn plots compared to either the
rotation or timothy plots suggesting that mixing of clay subsoil within the
plow layer occurred in corn plots.
155 NAL Call. No.: 450 M99
Evaluation of the "Most Probable Number" (MPN) and wet-sieving methods for
determining soil-borne populations of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi.
An, Z.Q.; Hendrix, J.W.; Hershman, D.E.; Henson, G.T.
Bronx, N.Y. : The New York Botanical Garden; 1990 Sep.
Mycologia v. 82 (5): p. 576-581; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Endogone; Glycine max; Festuca arundinacea; Mycorrhizal
fungi; Soil fungi; Soil flora; Screening; Sieving; Spore germination;
Rotations; Mycorrhizas; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas
156 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Evaluation of the nitrogen contribution of legumes to subsequent cereals.
Danso, S.K.A.; Papastylianou, I.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Aug.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 119 (pt.1): p. 13-18; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyprus; Vicia sativa; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Isotopes;
Nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient uptake; Rotations; Crop yield; Growth
157 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Evaluation of the nitrogen fertilizer value of plant materials to spring wheat
production.
Mahler, R.L.; Hemamda, H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 305-309; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Green manures; Application rates;
Pisum sativum; Medicago sativa; Wheat straw; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Crop
yield; Sustainability
Abstract: Use of green manure crops has become a preferred alternative source
of N. The objectives of this 3-yr field study were to evaluate the N supplying
power of 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha-1 of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp.
arvense L.) Poir), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) residue. Residues were incorporated in September and the N contribution of
each amendment to a subsequent spring wheat crop was calculated. We measured
inorganic soil N levels and wheat yields in northern Idaho on Latahco silt loam
fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Ultic Haploxeroll) soils. Soil samples were
taken during July of each year to determine residual inorganic N. Plant
material addition and incorporation affected spring wheat yield and soil
inorganic N level in each study. Pea and alfalfa material applied at 3 Mg ha-1
resulted in the highest spring wheat yields. Austrian winter pea residue at 3
Mg ha-1 provided a N credit of 51 to 63 kg ha-1 to spring wheat, compared to 1
to 36 kg ha-1 for alfalfa applied at the same rate. Based on inorganic soil N
in July, application of 3 Mg ha-1 of Austrian winter pea, alfalfa, and wheat
residue provided an N credit of 16 to 24, 21 to 26, and - 1 to - 25 kg ha-1,
respectively. Average total N credits (soil + plant uptake) for the 3 Mg ha-1
application of Austrian winter pea, alfalfa, and wheat materials were 76, 47,
and -35 kg ha-1, respectively. Estimated N recovery of Austrian winter pea
material after 10 mo of incorporation was 77% (58% in wheat and 19% in soil).
158 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Evaluation of the nitrogen submodel of CERES-maize following legume green
manure incorporation.
Bowen, W.T.; Jones, J.W.; Carsky, R.J.; Quintana, J.O.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 153-159; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Simulation models; Prediction; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Green
manures; Nutrient availability; Mineralization; Leaching; Nitrate; Losses from
soil; Nitrogen balance
Abstract: Crop simulation models that accurately predict the availability of N
from decomposing plant residues would provide a powerful tool for evaluating
legume green manures as potential N sources for nonlegume crops. Using
measured data from a series of field experiments conducted on an Oxisol in
central Brazil, we conducted this study to test the N submodel of CERES-Maize
for its ability to simulate N mineralization, nitrate leaching, and N uptake by
maize (Zea Mays L.) following the incorporation of 10 different legume green
manures. Legume or weed residue N at the time of incorporation varied from 25
to 300 kg ha-1 with C/N ratios varying from 13 to 37. Comparison of predicted
and measured accumulation of inorganic N in uncropped soil showed that the
model usually provided a realistic simulation of legume N release, although N
release was overpredicted for some legumes. For all legumes, both simulated and
measured data showed that about 60% of the organic N applied was recovered as
inorganic N within 120 to 150 d after incorporation. To
realistically simulate N availability when rainfall was excessive, we modified
the model to account for delayed leaching due to nitrate retention in the
subsoil. Nitrogen uptake by maize was generally overpredicted at high levels of
available N. The N submodel was shown to realistically simulate legume N
release, but further work is needed to determine the importance of subsoil
nitrate retention in other soils and how best such retention might be
described in the model.
159 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Extent of corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval damage in corn after
soybeans: search for the expression of the prolonged dispause trait in
Illinois.
Steffey, K.L.; Gray, M.E.; Kuhlman, D.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 268-275; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Glycine max; Crop damage; Diabrotica barberi;
Diapause; Surveys
Abstract: Surveys were conducted from 1986 through 1989 to determine whether
prolonged diapause in northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith &
Lawrence, would lead to subsequent damage by larvae in corn, Zea mays L.,
planted after soybeans, Glycine max (L.), in Illinois. Overall, 5,406 root
systems were extracted from 1,100 fields in 35 different counties in northern
and central Illinois and evaluated for corn rootworm larval injury. The
incidence of corn rootworm larval damage in corn after soybeans was greatest in
the central, northeastern, and eastern regions of Illinois, where annual
rotation of corn with soybeans predominates and where northern corn rootworm
populations are larger than in other regions of the state. However, only 1.7%
of the fields surveyed had a mean root rating of greater than or equal to 3.0.
Only 6.2% of the plants examined had root ratings of greater than or equal to
3.0. If a theoretical economic injury level for corn rootworm larval damage is
established at a root damage rating of 4.0, none of the fields surveyed in
Illinois suffered economic loss as a consequence of rootworm larval injury to
corn after soybeans. Results from the surveys indicate that prolonged diapause
rarely causes subsequent economic damage in corn after soybeans in Illinois.
Corn producers in Illinois rarely need to apply soil insecticides to prevent
corn rootworm injury, in corn planted after soybeans.
160 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Fallow and Sesbania effects on soil nitrogen dynamics in lowland rice-based
cropping systems.
Buresh, R.J.; Chua, T.T.; Castillo, E.G.; Liboon, S.P.; Garrity, D.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 316-321; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Cabt; Oryza sativa; Fallow; Rotations; Sesbania;
Green manures; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Nutrient availability;
Assimilation; Soil fertility; Flooding; Transplanting; Urea; Application rates;
Soil depth; Soil water content; Pores; Denitrification; Leaching
Abstract: Vast areas of rice-growing (Oryza sativa L.) lowlands in Asia are
fallowed or cropped with non-rice crops for part of the year. Nitrate can
accumulate during the fallow or non-rice crop, but this nitrate can be lost
upon flooding for rice production. To determine fallow and green manure crop
effects on soil nitrate and ammonium dynamics in lowland riceland, a 2-yr field
study was conducted in the Philippines. Treatments before wet season rice were
(i) Sesbania rostrata grown for either 45 or 60 d, (ii) weedy
fallow, and (iii) weed-free fallow. Sesbania rostrata was sown with irrigation
in late April-early May, rains started in early (1989) or mid-May (1990). Weeds
and S. rostrata were incorporated after soil flooding on 23 June. Rains
increased soil water-filled pore space to above 0.75 mL mL-1 between mid-May
and soil flooding. Weeds and S. rostrata assimilated soil nitrate, as
evidenced by lower (P < .05) nitrate in those treatments than in the weed-free
fallow. The decrease in soil nitrate in the weed-free fallow from 24 April to
before soil flooding (15 kg N ba - 1) was apparently due to denitrification or
leaching; additional nitrate (19 kg N ha-1 in 1990) disappeared after soil
flooding. Ammonium-N was rapidly released from incorporated weeds and S.
rostrata. It reached a maximum by 36 d after incorporation, which correlated r
= 0.95) with N accumulation by rice at 45 d after transplanting. Results
suggest that weeds and crops before rice can reduce soil N loss by
assimilating nitrate-N and then cycling this N through incorporated plant
residues back to the soil where it is rapidly mineralized and used by rice.
161 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Fall-seeded legume cover crops for no-tillage corn in the humid East.
Holderbaum, J.F.; Decker, A.M.; Meisinger, J.J.; Mulford, F.R.; Vough, L.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (1): p. 117-124; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cover crops; Winter; Sowing date;
Autumn; Crop mixtures; Vicia villosa; Vicia; Trifolium incarnatum; Pisum
sativum; Vicia sativa; Trifolium subterraneum; Trifolium vesiculosum; Trifolium
hirtum; Trifolium pratense; Medicago sativa; Secale cereale; Melilotus
officinalis; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Nitrogen content; Crop yield;
Grain; Nitrogen uptake
Abstract: No-tillage systems utilizing winter cover crops can reduce erosion
and leaching losses. Fall-seeded legumes can also supply significant amounts of
N to subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crops. The suitability of 14 fall-seeded
legumes, three small grains and four legume/grass mixtures was evaluated for
winter covers from 1982 through 1985 on Matapeake silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed,
mesic, Typic Hapludult) and Mattapex silt (fine-silty, mixed mesic, Aqualfic
Normuldult) Coastal Plain soils as well as Delanco silt loam and Chester silt
loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Aquic Hapludult) Piedmont soils. Hairy vetch
(Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and Austrian
winter peas [Pisum sativum (L.) Poir.] were the most promising cover crops.
Fall growth and early soil coverage was highest with crimson and lowest with
vetch which had higher winter survival and spring growth. Peas and, to a lesser
extent, crimson clover stands were damaged in some years by Sclerotinia
trifoliorum Eriks. In some years top growth of vetch contained up to 350 kg
N/ha. While N concentration varied among species, total N production was
determined more by dry matter yield. Legume cover crops had a greater
influence on corn grain yields on the heavier textured soils and longer
growing season of the Coastal Plain. In 1985, N contribution to the subsequent
corn crop was reduced when small grains were seeded with annual legumes.
Results from these studies show that winter annual legumes can reduce N costs
while providing better soil protection during winter months.
162 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Farm program impacts on incentives for greenmanure rotations.
Young, D.L.; Painter, K.M.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 99-105; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alternative farming; Sustainability; Rotations; Green manures;
Agricultural policy; Legislation; Economic analysis; Profitability; Costs;
Returns; Seasonal variation; Incentives
Abstract: Farm programs influence the profitability of a crop rotation
through five effects: (1) a deficiency payment (DP) effect, (2) an acreage
reduction (ARP) effect, (3) a base effect, (4) a crop price effect, and (5) a
risk reduction effect. This study initially examines ARP and DP effects of the
1985 Farm Bill on the relative profitability Of a low-input rotation and a
grain-intensive conventional rotation in Washington state over 1986-1990. In
years of low deficiency payments or high foregone returns from ARP land, the
low-input green manure rotation was competitive with the conventional rotation
but lost its advantage in years of low ARP costs or high deficiency payments.
Long-run incentives to maintain wheat base introduced a consistent bias
against the low-input green manure rotation. Planting flexibility options
proposed during the 1990 Farm Bill debate could reduce farm program barriers to
green manure and other low-input rotations. The Bush Administration's
Normal Crop Acreage (NCA) proposal, which was not accepted in the 1990
legislation, would have largely eliminated base erosion for the green manure
rotation in this study. More importantly, non-ARP green manure acreage would
have qualified for deficiency payments under the NCA, thereby sharply
increasing the low-input rotation's relative profitability. Proposals like the
NCA might receive further attention in the future due to environmental
concerns, fiscal pressures, or possible trade agreements requiring
multilateral phaseout of agricultural subsidies coupled to commodities.
163 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Farming duplex soils: a farmer's perspective.
Edwards, I.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1992.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (7): p. 811-814; 1992.
Special issue: Crop production on duplex soils. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Trifolium subterraneum; Triticum; Crop
management; Duplex soils; Minimum tillage; Rotations; Sustainability; Weed
control; Fungus control; Gaeumannomyces graminis; Crop yield
164 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Farming systems' influence on soil properties and crop yields.
Rickerl, D.H.; Smolik, J.D.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1990 Jan.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (1): p. 121-125; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Farming
systems; Soil properties; Crop yield; Agriculture; Sustainability; Crop
residues; Rotations; Conservation tillage; Drought injury
165 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Farm-level economic and environmental impacts of eastern Corn Belt cropping
systems.
Foltz, J.C.; Lee, J.G.; Martin, M.A.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 290-296; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Corn belt states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Zea mays; Medicago sativa;
Glycine max; Microeconomic analysis; Economic impact; Alternative farming;
Environmental impact; Rotations; Continuous cropping; Simulation models;
Computer simulation; Erosion; Runoff; Pesticides; Water pollution
166 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Fate of N applied as green manure or ammonium fertilizer to soil subsequently
cropped with spring wheat at three sites in western Canada.
Janzen, H.H.; Bole, J.B.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Slinkard, A.E.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Aug.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 70 (3): p. 313-323; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Nitrogen; Ammonium fertilizers; Annuals; Legumes;
Lens culinaris; Triticum aestivum; Lathyrus tingitanus; Nitrogen
mineralization; Rotation; Cropping systems
167 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Fertilizer phosphorus and potassium equivalents of some green manures for
potato in alluvial soils of Punjab.
Sharma, R.C.; Sharma, H.C.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1990 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 67 (1): p. 74-76; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indian punjab; Solanum tuberosum; Crotalaria juncea; Green
manures; Sesbania aculeata; Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers;
Tubers; Crop yield; Alluvial soils
168 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 F2226
Financial projections for a case Illinois grain farm under three tillage
scenarios.
Koenigstein, K.W.; Hornbaker, R.H.
Urbana, Ill. : The Service; 1990 Oct.
Farm economics facts and opinions - University of Illinois, Department of
Agricultural Economics, Cooperative Extension Service (90-18): 5 p.; 1990 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Maize; Tillage; No-tillage; Farm machinery;
Farm inputs; Farm comparisons; Projections; Simulation models; Case studies
169 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Fitness components and selection of biotypes of Heterodera glycines.
Sipes, B.S.; Schmitt, D.P.; Barker, K.R.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Sep.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (3): p. 415-424; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; Pest resistance;
Cultivars; Host parasite relationships; Plant parasitic nematodes
Abstract: Survival of biotypes of Heterodera glycines was studied in
microplots and in the field. The field population was subjected to various
cropping sequences. Viability of eggs overwintered in microplots was determined
each spring by percentage hatch, percentage of hatched eggs penetrating roots,
and numbers of females developing on Peking and PI 88788 soybeans. Eggs from
the field were collected in the spring and fall and assayed for ability to
develop on Peking and PI 88788. Hatch of isolates overwintered in the
microplots averaged 13% in May 1989 and 19% in 1990. No differences in hatch
were detected among the isolates in 1989. Numbers of juveniles penetrating
susceptible roots averaged less than 20% of the hatched eggs each year. An
isolate of a biotype parasitic on susceptible soybeans and the resistant
soybean PI 88788 penetrated roots more successfully than other biotypes. A
second isolate from North Carolina, parasitic on susceptible soybeans. PI
98788, and the resistant soybean Peking experienced selection against
development on Peking during two winters. Only 17% of the expected numbers of
females developed on Peking from this isolate. In the microplot experiment,
parasitism of PI 88788 and Peking had a selective disadvantage (selection
coefficient) of s = 0.29 and 0.62 over all isolates, respectively. In the field
experiment, the relative numbers of cysts on Peking and PI 88788 increased
between the spring and fall on soybean, then decreased over the winter and
under corn. Selection coefficients against parasitism of PI 88788 and Peking
averaged 0.19 and 0.3 in the field population. In neither experiment did
juveniles lose their ability to parasitize susceptible soybean.
170 NAL Call. No.: QR89.7.A34 1990
Five years of research on improved fallow in the semi-arid highlands of
Rwanda.
Balasubramanian, V.; Sekayange, L.
Chichester : Wiley; 1992.
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical agriculture : proc
of the 4th International Conf of the African Assoc for Biological Nitrogen
Fixation, held at the Int Inst of Trop Agric, Nigeria, 24-28 Sept 1990. p.
405-422; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rwanda; Improved fallow; Leguminosae; Rotations; Nitrogen
fixation; Soil fertility
171 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Forage legume-small grain intercrops: nitrogen production and response of
subsequent corn.
Hesterman, O.B.; Griffin, T.S.; Williams, P.T.; Harris, G.H.; Christenson, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 340-348; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Avena sativa; Zea mays;
Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Cover crops; Intercropping; Crop yield;
Sowing; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Available water; Spatial variation;
Geographical distribution; Precipitation; Seasonal variation
172 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Forage-corn production and N-fertilizer replacement values following 1 or 2
years of legumes.
Pare, T.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bourassa, J.; Antoun, H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2):
p. 477-493; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Vicia faba; Glycine max; Rotations; Nitrogen content;
Nutrient content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient availability; Application
rates; Ammonium nitrate; Crop yield; Sequential cropping; Nutrient uptake; Dry
matter accumulation
173 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Foraging preference of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) among
three species of summer cover crops and their extracts.
Kaakeh, W.; Dutcher, J.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 389-394; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indigofera hirsuta; Sesbania exaltata; Vigna unguiculata; Insect
repellents; Plant extracts; Solenopsis invicta; Feeding preferences; Foraging
Abstract: Foraging preference of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta
Buren, among three species of summer cover crops, sesbania, Sesbania exaltata
(Rafinesque-Schmaltz) Cory; hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta L.; and cowpea,
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, was evaluated in the greenhouse using choice
and no-choice tests. Ants derived a large part of their nutrients from aphid
honeydew, and ant workers differed in their response to plant species in the
presence or absence of cowpea aphid. Ants preferred cowpea > indigo > sesbania
when these plants were infested with cowpea aphids, whereas ants showed no
preference between cowpea and indigo when plants were kept free of cowpea
aphids. Sesbania showed almost 100% repellency, to ants for 8 d, whether these
plants were infested or kept free of aphids. In a pickup bioassay for detecting
any discrimination among plants by ants, leaf disks from noninfested leaves of
cowpea and hairy indigo were picked up more readily than those from sesbania.
Response of ants to extracts differed significantly among plants. Sesbania
extract repelled and caused mortality in the red imported fire ant. Ethanol
extract of sesbania caused higher ant mortality than the water extract.
174 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Furrow irrigation performance in reduced-tillage systems.
Yonts, C.D.; Smith, J.A.; Bailie, J.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Jan.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (1): p. 91-96; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Furrow irrigation; Minimum tillage; Moldboards; Plowing;
Rotary cultivation; Rotations; Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris; Beta vulgaris
Abstract: Irrigation performance parameters including furrow advance time and
application efficiency were compared among three tillage systems: moldboard
plow, rotary strip till, and minimum till. A three crop rotation of corn, dry
beans and sugarbeets was used in the study. Data was collected in 1985 and 1987
primarily during the first and second irrigations for all three crops each year
using two furrow flow rates for each test. Irrigation advance time was
increased due to reduced tillage in 25% of the trials conducted. The plow
system increased furrow advance time when compared to the reduced till systems
in light residue cover situations and during the first irrigation. The reduced-
till systems, with at least 27% surface cover, influenced furrow advance
greater than the conventional plow system. Surface residue levels of 48% or
more prior to the first irrigation were found to be unacceptable for adequate
furrow irrigation performance, unless furrow length is reduced, due to the
difficulty in advancing water through the field.
175 NAL Call. No.: KyUThesis 1991
An Glomales mycorrhizal community associated with soybean as influenced by crop
rotation and soil fumigation.
An, Zhi-qiang, 1991; 1991.
vii, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Includes vita and abstract. Includes
bibliographical references (l. 98-107).
Language: English
Descriptors: Soybean; Crop rotation; Mycorrhizas
176 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Grain sorghum-soybean rotation and fertilization influence on vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Ellis, J.R.; Roder, W.; Mason, S.C.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (3): p. 789-794; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas; Glycine max; Sorghum
bicolor; Rotations; Continuous cropping; Colonization; Roots; Growth; Ammonium
nitrate; Cattle manure
Abstract: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) can reduce plant
stress resulting from nutrient deficiencies, drought, and other factors. The
objective of this work was to measure the effect of soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation and
fertilization on plant response and VAMF root colonization and diversity, and
relate effects to soil environment. Fertilizer treatments consisted of no
fertilizer, N, and manure. Rooting densities correlated with previous crop,
VAMF colonization, and soil NO3. Root colonization by VAMF was affected by
previous crop, rooting density, N fertilization, soil P, and water-filled pore
space. Root colonization by VAMF ranged from 93% at 15 cm to 15% at the 120-cm
soil depth. Root density and VAMF colonization were least when soybean was
grown the previous year and manure was applied. Root colonization by VAMF for
control, N, and manure treatments were 54, 53, and 30%, respectively, for
continuous soybean and 61, 55, and 44%, respectively, for soybean from rotation
plots. Root colonization by VAMF for control, N, and manure treatments were 69,
59, and 54%, respectively, for continuous grain sorghum and 56, 48, and 31%,
respectively, for grain sorghum from rotation plots. These agricultural soils
contained a diverse mixture of 26 VAMF species, which is probably a major
factor in the region's soil productivity. Plants stressed due to cropping
system or fertilizer practice have greater VAMF colonization and VAMF activity.
A diverse VAMF population could increase the ability of VAMF to respond to
different stresses.
177 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Grain yield of wheat in rotation with pea, vetch or medic grown with three
systems of management.
Silsbury, J.H.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (5): p. 645-649; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Triticum; Medicago truncatula; Pisum sativum;
Vicia sativa; Crop yield; Harvesting; Nitrogen fertilizers; Plowing; Rotations;
Soil fertility
178 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Grain yield responses in rice to eight tropical green manures.
Meelu, O.P.; Morris, R.A.; Furoc, R.E.; Dizon, M.A.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 133-136; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Sesbania cannabina; Crotalaria juncea;
Green manures; Legumes; Nitrogen fertilizers; Biomass production; Crop yield
179 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Green manure production of Azolla microphylla and Sesbania rostrata and their
long-term effects on rice yields and soil fertility.
Ventura, W.; Watanabe, I.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (4): p. 241-248; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Flooded rice; Aeschynomene; Azolla;
Sesbania; Soil fertility; Crop yield; Decomposition; Green manures; Organic
fertilizers; Urea fertilizers
180 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Green-manure legume effects on soil nitrogen, grain yield, and nitrogen
nutrition of wheat.
Badaruddin, M.; Meyer, D.W.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Jul.
Crop science v. 30 (4): p. 819-825; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Cultivars; Medicago sativa; Vicia
villosa; Melilotus officinalis; Trifolium pratense; Herbage; Nitrogen content;
Soil fertility; Crop yield; Yield components; Grain; Green manures; Fallow;
Nitrogen uptake; Nitrogen recovery
Abstract: Knowledge of legume N production and legume effects on subsequent
crop yield and quality is necessary to encourage legume use instead of the
traditional fallow on set-aside land. Objectives of these studies were to: (i)
compare seeding-year herbage and N yields of five forage legume species, (ii)
determine soil NO3-N status in the spring following green-manure legume crops,
and (iii) evaluate effects of green-manure legumes on grain yield, grain yield
components, and N nutrition of the subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop
when fertilized with 0, 75, and 150 Kg N ha-1. Field experiments were conducted
on a Fargo silty clay (fine-montmorilloritic, frigid Vertic Haplaquoll) at
Fargo and on a Perella-Bearden silty clay loam (fine, silty, mixed, frigid
Typic Haplaquoll, fine silty, frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) near Prosper, ND,
during 1984 to 1986. All legume species had equal herbage and N yields across
the four environments and were greater than the wheat-straw check. Accumulated
legume herbage and fall regrowth were incorporated into the soil in late fall.
Spring soil NO3-N following Terra Verde alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and hairy
vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) was equal to the fallow check and greater than the
soil NO3-N following the wheat check or other legume species. Grain yield,
grain N, and N uptake of unfertilized wheat following the legume treatments
generally were similar to those following fallow and wheat fertilized with 150
kg N ha-1. Increases in all grain yield components following legumes
contributed to this yield advantage.Efficiency and utilization of N generally
were greater following a green-manure crop than following either fallow or
wheat checks. This study suggests that green-manure legumes should be
considered as an alternative to fallow on set-aside land in higher moisture
areas.
181 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Growth and N2-fixation of two stem-nodulating legumes and their effect as green
manure on lowland rice.
Becker, M.; Ladha, J.K; Ottow, J.C.G.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 22 (8): p. 1109-1119; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania; Aeschynomene; Growth rate; Nitrogen fixation; Stem
nodules; Green manures; Lowland areas; Oryza sativa
182 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Growth characteristics of legume cover crops in a semiarid environment.
Power, J.F.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p. 1659-1663; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Legumes; Cover crops; Green manures; Semiarid
climate; Seasonal growth; Planting date; Temporal variation; Stand
characteristics; Growth rate; Dry matter accumulation; Nitrogen fixation;
Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Water use efficiency; Nitrogen content; Climatic
factors; Precipitation; Dry farming
Abstract: To select the best legume cover crop to grow for a given cropping
situation, the producer needs knowledge of relative growth rates, N2-fixation
and N-uptake rates, and water use for various potential planting dates. Such an
experiment was conducted for 2 yr at Mandan, ND, in which 10 legume species
were planted on or shortly after the first day of May, June, July, and August
each year. Soil and plant samples were collected periodically after each
planting date to evaluate rates of dry-matter production, N accumulation, and
water use. Potential N2-fixation rate was measured in one season only. For the
first 40 to 90 d after planting, large-seeded annuals such as faba bean (Vicia
faba L.) field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.)
generally exhibited most rapid growth, N accumulation, and water use (these
three parameters were generally closely related for all samplings). With more
than 90 d growth, species such as Korean lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea
Maxim.), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officianalis L.), and alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) also began to exhibit rapid growth. One surprising result was the
outstanding growth of May-planted subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum
L.) in one (ample moisture) of the two seasons. For the shorter growth periods,
faba bean exhibited good growth characteristics at all planting dates, and
field pea was satisfactory at most. July and August planting of slower growing
species generally resulted in relatively little growth by the end of the
season. In most instances, water-use efficiency was greatest for the May
planting, and highest values were often recorded for field pea, faba bean, and
subterranean clover. These results identify those legume species best adapted
for a given planting date and duration of growth under the climatic conditions
of this experiment.
183 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Growth, yield, and yield components of lupin cultivars.
Lopez-Bellido, L.; Fuentes, M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (6): p. 1050-1056; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Lupinus albus; Lupinus luteus; Lupinus angustifolius;
Lupinus mutabilis; Cultivars; Growth rate; Dry matter accumulation; Leaf area
index; Leaf duration; Crop yield; Harvest index; Crop quality; Protein content;
Fats; Varietal reactions; Mediterranean climate; Adaptation; Acid soils
Abstract: The cultivation of Lupin, Lupinus spp., as a protein source for
animal feed and as a way of improving soil fertility is of interest for crop
rotation under rainfed Mediterranean climatic conditions and poor acid soils.
The adaptation of a cultivar from each one of the four cultivated species of
lupin: L. albus (L.), L. luteus (L.), L. angustifolius (L.), and L. mutabilis
(Sweet) has been studied. A comparative analysis of their growth (dry matter,
growth rates, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD), yield, yield
components and harvest index (HI), protein, and fat content was carried out in
the Guadalquivir Valley in southern Spain on a river terrace with Haploxeralf
soil and a loamy clay texture. Variations in climatic conditions markedly
influenced the duration of the different growth stages, accumulation of dry
matter, leaf area and yield of the different cultivars. Lupinus albus was the
species best adapted to the conditions of the survey, distributing its dry
matter better and showing better growth indexes and higher grain yield. Lupinus
mutabilis proved to be inadvisable for autumn sowings under the ecological
conditions of the area. It was sensitive to the cold during its vegetative
stage and performed poorly. The values found for the L. luteus and the
angustifolius cultivars were less than those registered in other areas where it
is a traditional crop. Better growth and grain yield was obtained with them
when emergence was in early rather than late autumn.
184 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4
A GSD estimation of the relative worth of cover crops in cotton production
systems.
Giesler, G.G.; Paxton, K.W.; Millhollon, E.P.
Bozeman, Mont. : Western Agricultural Economics Association; 1993 Jul.
Journal of agricultural and resource economics v. 18 (1): p. 47-56; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Cover crops; Crop production; Stochastic processes;
Feasibility; Risk; Environmental impact; Farmers' attitudes; Value theory; Time
series; Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Grasses; Legumes; Returns; Low input
agriculture; Traditional farming
185 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Herbicide and rotation effects on soil and rhizosphere microorganisms and crop
yields.
Moorman, T.B.; Dowler, C.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 35 (4): p. 311-325; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Glycine max; Trifluralin; Alachlor; Crop
production; Soil fertility; Rotations; Rhizosphere; Pseudomonas; Bacteria;
Fusarium; Pythium; Experimental stations
186 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Hogpotato (Hoffmanseggia glauca) control with herbicides and rotational crop
response.
Westerman, R.B.; Murray, D.S.; Castner, E.P.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
650-656; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; Gossypium
hirsutum; Rotations; Perennial weeds; Weed control; Chemical control;
Leguminosae; Triclopyr; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Imazapyr; Tebuthiuron; 2,4-d;
Residual effects; Persistence; Sequential cropping; Bioassays; Crop damage;
Abiotic injuries; Phytotoxicity
187 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Horsebean (Canavalia ensiformis) and crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) for
the management of Meloidogyne spp.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Pinochet, J.; Robertson, D.G.; Weaver, C.F.; King, P.S.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1992 Jun.
Nematropica v. 22 (1): p. 29-35; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Spain; Canavalia ensiformis; Crotalaria spectabilis;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Meloidogyne incognita; Meloidogyne javanica; Nematode
control; Rotations
188 NAL Call. No.: MnSUThesis stp whit
Host-specific pathogens and the corn/soybean rotation effect.
Whiting, Kelly Reid
1991; 1991.
iii, 75 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
189 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Host-specific pathogens do not account for the corn-soybean rotation effect.
Whiting, K.R.; Crookston, R.K.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993 May.
Crop science v. 33 (3): p. 539-543; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations; Plant disease
control; Cultural control; Phialophora gregata; Diaporthe phaseolorum; Disease
prevalence; Rhizoctonia solani; Incidence; Crop yield; Seeds
Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) generally yields more when rotated
with another crop rather than grown continuously. The specific reasons for this
yield response are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the
extent to which a soybean-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation limited the buildup of
host-specific pathogens of soybean, and to evaluate whether plant diseases were
involved in the rotation effect. Incidence and severity of seven diseases and
seed yield were recorded at two locations in the field in 1987 and 1988 for
soybean maintained in four cropping sequences ranging from annual alternation
with corn to 1,2, or 5 yr of continuous cropping. Brown stem rot (BSR) caused
by the fungus Phialophora gregata (Allington & D.W. Chamberlain) W. Gams was
found to be the most prevalent disease during both years and at both locations.
Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and stem canker (Diaporthe
phaseolorum Cooke. & Ellis Sacc. var. Cavlivorn Athow & Caldwell) were noted in
1987 at both locations among <5% of all plants monitored. The BSR-prevalence
ratings were relatively high (mean 60%) for Hodgson 78, a susceptible cultivar,
and relatively low (mean 22%) for BSR101, a resistant cultivar. Seed yield data
from the various cropping sequences for the two cultivars indicated no clear
relationship between BSR severity and seed yield. In 1987, rotation with corn
resulted in a yield benefit to both cultivars. In 1998, both yield and
development of BSR were adversely affected by drought. A comparison of the seed
yield of severely infected and uninfected plants within cropping sequence
indicated that BSR had a minimal effect on soybean yield in 1998. Therefore,
within the conditions of this study, the yield benefit to soybean from rotation
with corn did not appear to be due to the reduced incidence of plant diseases.
190 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
How to choose a soil-building legume.
Sarrantonio, M.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Jul.
The New farm. p. 23-25; 1991 Jul. Paper presented at a Rodale Institute "Take
Charge" workshop, Winter, 1990, Kutztown, Pennsylvania.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Cover crops
191 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Imazaquin, chlorimuron, and fomesafen may injure rotational vegetables and
sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
Johnson, D.H.; Talbert, R.E.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
573-577; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cabt; Helianthus annuus; Rotations; Spinacia oleracea;
Citrullus lanatus; Phaseolus vulgaris; Cucumis sativus; Weed control; Chemical
control; Imazaquin; Chlorimuron; Fomesafen; Metribuzin; Herbicide mixtures;
Persistence; Crop damage; Abiotic injuries; Sowing date
192 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Impact of legume cover crops on soilborne plant pathogens of cotton.
Rothrock, C.S.; Kirkpatrick, T.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. p. 30-31; 1990.
Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cover crops; Fungus control; Rhizoctonia
solani; Thielaviopsis basicola
193 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Impacts of agricultural practices on aquatic oligochaete populations in
ricefields.
Simpson, I.C.; Roger, P.A.; Oficial, R.; Grant, I.F.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 16 (1): p. 27-33; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Rice soils; Azolla; Green manures;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Sesbania; Tubificidae; Earthworms; Pesticidal action;
Butachlor; Carbofuran
194 NAL Call. No.: S599.5.A1A37 1991
Improved water management of an organic marsh in Burundi.
Hennebert, P.
Cairo, Egypt : [Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture]; 1993.
Second African Soil Science Society Conference on Soil and Water Management for
Sustainable Productivity : proceedings of the conference at the Egyptian
International Center for Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt, November 4-10, 1991 /. p.
397-401; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Burundi; Cabt; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus; Rotations; Water
management; Irrigation
195 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Improving nitrogen-fixing systems and integrating them into sustainable rice
farming.
Watanabe, I.; Liu, C.C.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 57-67; 1992. In the series
analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture / edited by
J.K. Ladha, T. George, and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented
in the symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Nitrogen fixation; Biological production; Nitrogen;
Sustainability; Soil fertility
Abstract: This paper summarizes recent achievements in exploiting new
biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) systems in rice fields, improving their
management, and integrating them into rice farming systems. The inoculation of
cyanobacteria has been long recommended, but its effect is erratic and
unpredictable. Azolla has a long history of use as a green manure, but a number
of biological constraints limited its use in tropical Asia. To overcome these
constraints, the Azolla-Anabaena system as well as the growing methods were
improved. Hybrids between A. microphylla and A. filiculoides (male) produced
higher annual biomass than either parent. When Anabaena from high temperature-
tolerant A. microphylla was transferred to Anabaena-free A. filiculoides, A.
filiculoides became tolerant of high temperature. Azolla can have multiple
purposes in addition to being a N source. An integrated Azolla-fish-rice system
developed in Fujian, China, could increase farmers' income, reduce expenses,
and increase ecological stability. A study using Azolla labeled with N showed
the reduction of N losses by fish uptake of N. The Azolla mat could also reduce
losses of urea N by lowering floodwater-pH and storing a part of applied N in
Azolla. Agronomically useful aquatic legumes have been explored within Sesbania
and Aeschynomene. S. rostrata can accumulate more than 100 kg N ha-1 in 45 d.
Its N2 fixation by stem nodules is more tolerant of mineral N than that by root
nodules, but the flowering of S. rostrata is sensitive to photoperiod. Aquatic
legumes can be used in rainfed rice fields as N scavengers and N2 fixers. The
general principle of integrated users of BNF in rice-farming systems is shown.
196 NAL Call. No.: 464.9 C16S
Incidence of root rot organisms, root rot severity, and take-all in winter
wheat following cereal and legume rotation crops.
Celetti, M.J.; Johnston, H.W.; Kimpinski, J.
Ottawa : Research Branch, Agriculture Canada; 1990.
Canadian plant disease survey v. 70 (1): p. 52-53; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Triticum aestivum; Gibberella avenacea;
Gibberella pulicaris; Gibberella zeae; Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizoctonia
cerealis; Root rots; Gaeumannomyces graminis; Fungal diseases; Incidence;
Rotations; Legumes
197 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P692
Incidence of soil-borne plant pathogens isolated from barley and winter wheat,
and other crops in the rotation, on Prince Edward Island.
Celetti, M.J.; Johnston, H.W.; Kimpinski, J.; Plant, H.W.; Martin, R.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Dec.
Plant pathology v. 39 (4): p. 606-611; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum;
Trifolium hybridum; Trifolium pratense; Glycine max; Rotations; Root rots;
Crown; Incidence; Disease surveys; Plant pathogenic fungi; Rhizoctonia solani;
Cochliobolus sativus; Fusarium; Tylenchorhynchus; Plant parasitic nematodes;
Population density
198 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Inclusion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in crop rotations in the Eastern Corn
Belt: some environmental and economic implications.
Foltz, J.C.; Martin, M.A.; Lowenberg-DeBoer, J.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 2 (2): p. 117-133; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Corn belt states of U.S.A.; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Glycine
max; Rotations; Continuous cropping; Economic analysis; Profitability; Soil
variability; Sustainability; Models
199 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Increasing grain yield and water use of wheat in a rainfed Mediterranean type
environment.
Anderson, W.K.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (1): p. 1-17; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Triticum; Crop yield; Cultivars; Dry farming;
Legumes; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphates; Rotations; Sowing date; Sowing
rates; Water use efficiency; Yield components
200 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Increasing sustainability by intercropping.
Coolman, R.M.; Hoyt, G.D.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science, c1991-; 1993 Jul.
HortTechnology v. 3 (3): p. 309-312; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Crop production; Sustainability; Intercropping; Cover
crops; Relay cropping; Plant competition; Legumes; Nitrogen fixation;
Interspecific competition; Literature reviews
201 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Influence of cover crops and tillage on seedcorn maggot (Diptera:
anthomyiidae) populations in soybeans.
Hammond, R.B.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (3): p. 510-514; 1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Medicago sativa; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Cover
crops; Delia platura; Population density; No-tillage
Abstract: The effects of cover crops and crop residues on seedcorn maggot,
Delia platura (Meigen), population dynamics in soybeans (Glycine max Merrill)
were studied when incorporated into the soil before crop planting and when left
on the soil surface where soybeans are planted, using no-tillage practices.
Crop covers and residues had a dramatic effect on seedcorn maggot populations;
highest numbers were obtained when cover crops were incorporated. When no-
tillage planting methods were used, no enhancement of populations was obtained.
Significantly greater numbers of D. platura adults were obtained from plots
where alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was incorporated into the soil, followed by
rye (Secale cereale (L.)), soybean residue, and least with corn (Zea mays L.)
residue. Orthogonal comparisons indicated that more seedcorn maggots were
obtained when a live, green cover was incorporated into the soil than with dead
crop residue. Orthogonal comparisons also showed that more adults were
collected when a legume was incorporated compared with a grass.
202 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Influence of cropping systems on Macrophomina phaseolina populations in soil.
Singh, S.K.; Nene, Y.L.; Reddy, M.V.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1990 Oct.
Plant disease v. 74 (10): p. 812-814; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Macrophomina phaseolina; Soil fungi; Cropping systems; Rotations;
Intercropping; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata; Carthamus tinctorius; Cicer
arietinum
203 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Influence of pea cropping history on disease severity and yield depression.
Bodker, L.; Leroul, N.; Smedegaard-Petersen, V.
St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Sep.
Plant Disease v. 77 (9): p. 896-900; 1993 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Plant pathogenic fungi; Root rots; Plant disease
control; Cultural control; Rotations; Disease resistance; Crop yield; Indexes
204 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P566
Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode
populations and crop yields.
Kimpinski, J.; Edwards, L.M.; Gallant, C.E.; Johnston, H.W.; MacLeod, J.A.;
Sanderson, J.B.
Saint-Hyacinthe : Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants; 1992 Apr.
Phytoprotection v. 73 (1): p. 3-11; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Hordeum vulgare; Trifolium pratense; Phleum
pratense; Solanum tuberosum; Plant parasitic nematodes; Pratylenchus penetrans;
Rotations; Aldicarb; Crop yield
205 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.A6
Influence of previous summer crop on the response of irrigated wheat to
nitrogen fertilization.
Greenfield, P.L.
Sunnyside : South African Weed Science Society; 1992.
Applied plant science; Toegepaste plantwetenskap v. 6 (2): p. 60-64; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Double cropping; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Plant nutrition; Rotations; Split dressings; Crop yield; Irrigated
conditions; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays
206 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IN2ID
Influence of production practices on yield estimates for corn, soybeans, and
wheat.
Doster, D.H.; Parsons, S.D.; Griffith, D.R.; Steinhardt, G.C.; Mengel, D.B.;
Nielsen, R.L.; Christmas, E.P.
West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service; 1991 Sep.
Publication I.D. - Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University v.): 12 p.;
1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Zea mays; Glycine max; Triticum; Yields; Factors of
production; Cultivars; Planting date; Row spacing; Rotations; Soil types;
Statistics
207 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Influence of tillage and crop rotation on yield, stalk rot, and recovery of
Fusarium and Trichoderma spp. from corn.
Lipps, P.E.; Deep, I.W.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1991 Aug.
Plant disease v. 75 (8): p. 828-833; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Glycine max; Fusarium; Trichoderma; Strains;
Isolation; Plant tissues; Stems; Crown; Mesocotyls; Fungal diseases; No-
tillage; Plowing; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Water stress; Clay loam
soils; Crop yield; Grain; Plant disorders; Incidence; Rain; Sampling; Temporal
variation; Autumn; Cultural control
208 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Influence of tillage, crop rotation, and weed management on giant foxtail
(Setaria faberi) population dynamics and corn yield.
Schreiber, M.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992.
Weed science v. 40 (4): p. 645-653; 1992. Paper presented at the "Symposium on
crop/weed management and the dynamics of weed seedbanks," February 11, 1992,
Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Zea mays; Setaria faberi; Weed biology; Seed banks;
Population density; Population dynamics; Plowing; No-tillage; Rotations;
Allelopathy; Cropping systems; Crop yield; Weed control; Chemical control;
Herbicides
Abstract: A long-term integrated pest management study initiated in 1980 and
continued through 1991 was conducted to determine interactions of tillage, crop
rotation, and herbicide use levels on weed seed populations, weed populations,
and crop yield. This paper presents giant foxtail seed population and stand
along with corn yield in continuous corn, corn rotated with soybean, or corn
following wheat in a soybean-wheat-corn rotation. Increasing herbicide use
levels above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth
of soil. Reducing tillage from conventional moldboard plowing to chiseling to
no-tilling increased giant foxtail seed in only the top 0 to 2.5 cm of soil.
No-tilling increased giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage in each year
data were collected. Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-wheat-corn
rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown continuously in all three
soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm, 2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm. Although
stands of giant foxtail tended to follow soil weed seed counts, crop rotation
significantly reduced giant foxtail stand with maximum reduction in the
soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage systems. Giant foxtail stands were
reduced following wheat in no-tilling, probably because of the allelopathic
influence of wheat straw. Corn yields showed weed management levels above
minimum control are not justified regardless of tillage and crop rotation.
209 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Influence of tillage on soybean (Glycine max) herbicide carryover to grass and
legume forage crops in Missouri.
Walsh, J.D.; DeFelice, M.S.; Sims, B.D.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 144-149; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Cabt; Fodder crops; Tillage; No-tillage; Herbicides;
Application rates; Persistence; Biomass production; Herbicide residues; Glycine
max; Rotations
Abstract: Studies were established in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at two locations in
Missouri to study the influence of fall tillage and herbicides on carryover of
several residual soybean herbicides to grass and legume forage crops.
Chlorimuron, clomazone, imazaquin, imazethapyr, and metribuzin plus chlorimuron
were applied at their registered and 2X-registered rates in soybeans. Forage
crops were planted the following fall and spring after herbicide application
and evaluated for carryover effects. Fall tillage did not influence the
carryover potential of these herbicides. However, herbicides injured several of
the rotational crops. This injury was crop species and herbicide specific.
210 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
The influence of tillage, stubble management and crop rotation on the
persistence of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth).
Heenan, D.P.; Taylor, A.C.; Leys, A.R.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (2): p. 227-230; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Lupinus; Triticum; Bromus diandrus; Cultural
control; Prescribed burning; Herbicides; Rotations; Stubble; Tillage; Weed
control
211 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Influence of tillage systems on annual weed densities and control in solid-
seeded soybean (Glycine max).
Buhler, D.D.; Oplinger, E.S.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1990 Mar.
Weed science v. 38 (2): p. 158-165; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Glycine max; Row spacing; Weed control; Chemical
control; Alachlor; Chloramben; Clomazone; Imazaquin; Metolachlor; Metribuzin;
Pendimethalin; Application rates; No-tillage; Tillage; Chiselling; Chenopodium
album; Setaria faberi; Amaranthus retroflexus; Abutilon theophrasti; Population
dynamics; Crop yield; Seeds; Phytotoxicity; Rotations; Zea mays
Abstract: Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI, and Janesville, WI,
in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the effect of conventional-tillage, chisel plow,
and no-till systems on the density and control of annual weed species in solid-
seeded soybean. Common lambsquarters densities were not greatly influenced by
tillage systems, but redroot pigweed densities were generally highest in the
chisel plow system. Conventional tillage always had greater velvetleaf
densities than no-till and no-till always had greater giant foxtail densities
than conventional tillage. Giant foxtail and redroot pigweed became more
difficult to control when tillage was reduced, while velvetleaf became less of
a problem. This response was not observed with all herbicide treatments
evaluated and several herbicide treatments provided excellent weed control.
Soybean yield was not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions
and differences in soybean yield appeared to be due to differences in weed
control.
212 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Influence of weed-control practices in the first crop on the tillage
requirements for the succeeding crops in an upland rice-maize-cowpea cropping
sequence.
Elliot, P.C.; Moody, K.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Feb.
Crop protection v. 10 (1): p. 28-33; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Upland rice; Sequential cropping; Zea
mays; Vigna unguiculata; Weeding; Hoeing; Manual weed control; Chemical
control; Pendimethalin; No-tillage; Plowing; Harrowing; Crop yield; Grain; Cost
benefit analysis
213 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Integrating red rice control measures in soybean-rice rotations.
Griffin, J.L.; Dunand, R.T.; Baker, J.B.; Regan, R.P.; Cohn, M.A.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1991.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station v. 34 (3): p.
6-7; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Oryza sativa; Rotations; Oryza rufipogon;
Weed control
214 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Interaction of light, soil moisture, and temperature with weed suppression by
hairy vetch residue.
Teasdale, J.R.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 46-51; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia; Vetch; Cover crops; Light relations; Allelopathy; Soil
water; Temperature; Shade; Establishment; Zea mays; Abutilon theophrasti;
Setaria viridis; Chenopodium album; Night temperature; Weed control;
Suppression
Abstract: The influence of light, soil moisture. and temperature on
establishment of selected species through hairy vetch residue on the soil
surface was investigated under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hairy
vetch residue at rates ranging from 0 to 616 g m-2 had no effect on corn,
slightly reduced velvetleaf and green foxtail establishment, and severely
inhibited common lambsquarters establishment under full sunlight conditions.
The same rates of hairy vetch residue reduced velvetleaf, green foxtail, and
common lambsquarters establishment more under a shade cloth with 9% light
transmittance than under full sunlight. Day/night temperatures of 24/16 or
32/26 degrees C had no effect and soil moistures of 50 or 133% field capacity
had little effect on response of all species to residue rates. Weed
establishment was similar under shade cloth without residue as under residue
with an equivalent light transmittance, suggesting that light was more
important than allelopathy or physical impedance for weed suppression by hairy
vetch residue.
215 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Interseeded forage legume potential as winter ground cover, nitrogen source,
and competitor.
Exner, D.N.; Cruse, R.M.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 226-231; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Melilotus officinalis; Trifolium
pratense; Trifolium hybridum; Interplanting; Forage; Ground cover; Crop weed
competition; Plant competition; Rowcrops; Rain; Seasonal variation; Soil water;
Crop yield; Crop density; Sowing date; Crop establishment; Seed mixtures; Row
orientation; Light intensity; Eptc; Weeds; Weeding
216 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation method and water quality effects on corn yield in the mid-Atlantic
coastal plain.
Adamsen, F.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p. 837-843; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Crop yield; Sprinkler irrigation; Trickle
irrigation; Irrigation water; Water quality; Coastal plains; Loam soils; Sandy
soils; Soil ph; Rain; Distribution; Sodic water; Sodium; Calcium; Salts in soil
Abstract: Deep well sodic sources of irrigation water are often more readily
available than high quality shallow or surface sources for corn (Zea mays L.)
grown in the U.S. Southeast. The objective of this study was to determine the
effect of irrigation water quality and irrigation method on corn production in
the Virginia-North Carolina coastal plain. Pioneer 3320 corn was grown in
rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy,
siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) in Suffolk, VA, in 1984, 1985, 1986, and
1988. Corn was irrigated with either overhead sprinklers or trickle lines
buried 0.35 to 0.41 m below each row with sodic deep well (142 m) and non-sodic
shallow (10 m) water. Sodic water had 220 mg Na L-1, a pH of 8.5, and a sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) of 103. Non-sodic water had 4.8 mg Na L-1, a pH of 4.8,
and an SAR of 3.1. Corn yields averaged 9970 kg ha-1 with irrigation and 7650
kg ha-1 without. Irrigation method and water quality did not affect yields of
irrigated corn. Soil pH increased during the study but appeared to stabilize
between 6 and 7 in the surface soil. No evidence of an increase in subsoil
acidity was detected. Winter rainfall and gypsum applied to the rotational
peanut crop appear to be adequate to prevent the soil exchange from being
dominated by Na. The results indicate that sodic water can be used to irrigate
corn in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain and that trickle irrigation can reduce
water input for corn by 30% or more.
217 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
ISFARM--an integrated system for farm management: applicability.
Amir, I.; Puech, J.; Granier, J.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1993.
Agricultural systems v. 41 (1): p. 23-39; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Midi pyrenees; Maize; Soybeans; Winter wheat; Rotations; Farm
planning; Farm management; Decision making; Simulation models; Linear
programming; Expert systems; Methodology; Comparisons; Value theory; Irrigation
requirements; Evaluation; Production costs
218 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Legume cover crops as a nitrogen source for no-till corn and grain sorghum.
Blevins, R.L.; Herbek, J.H.; Frye, W.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jul.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (4): p. 769-772; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; No-tillage; Vicia villosa;
Vicia; Secale cereale; Cover crops; Nitrogen fertilizers; Dry matter
accumulation; Crop yield; Grain; Nutrient removal by plants; Nitrogen content
Abstract: Increasing use of conservation tillage has brought about a renewed
interest in growing winter legume cover crops. Field experiments were conducted
to determine the fertilizer N equivalency of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth),
big flower vetch (Vicia grandiflora W. Koch var. Kitailbeliana), and rye
(Secale cereale L.) to no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench]. A fallow treatment, consisting of stalk residue only, was
used as a comparison. Fertilizer N rates for corn were 0, 50, or 100 kg N ha-1
for 1980 to 1983 and 0, 85, or 170 kg N ha-1 for 1984 to 1987. Hairy vetch
produced the most cover crop dry matter with the highest percentage of N.
During 1980 to 1983, corn grain yields were significantly higher with the vetch
treatments than with rye or fallow treatments at the 0 and 50 kg N ha-1 rates
with a tendency toward higher yields at the 100 kg N ha-1 rate. During 1984 to
1987, corn yields from the vetch treatments were significantly higher than the
other cover treatments at all N levels. Grain sorghum, like corn yields, were
greater with the vetch treatments than with the rye or fallow treatments,
although the bigflower vetch treatment was not significantly higher than the
fallow treatment at the 170 kg N ha-1 rate. The estimated fertilizer-N
equivalency of the hairy vetch-N in the corn experiment was 75 kg N ha-1 and
bigflower vetch was 65 kg N ha-1. Fertilizer N equivalency values in the grain
sorghum experiment were estimated to be 125 kg N ha-1 for hairy vetch and 135
kg N ha-1 for bigflower vetch.
219 NAL Call. No.: S599.9.T783T76 no.90-01
Legume green manures principles for management based on recent research.
Lathwell, D. J.
Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program
Raleigh, NC : Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program, N.C.
State University,; 1990.
30 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (TropSoils bulletin ; no. 90-01). Includes
bibliographical references (p. 29-30).
Language: English
Descriptors: Legumes; Green manure crops; Organic fertilizers
220 NAL Call. No.: S661.J46 1993
Legume green manuring.
Jensen, Tom; Jans, Desiree
Alberta, Alberta Agriculture
Edmonton, Alta. : Agriculture Canada, Alberta Agriculture,; 1993.
7 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. "Prepared by: Tom Jensen and Desiree
Jans"--P. 7. "Funding provided by the Canada-Alberta Environmentally
Sustainable Agriculture Agreement (CAESA)"--P. 7. "1993 03 5M"--T.p. verso.
Agdex 123/20-2.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring; Green manure crops; Legumes; Organic fertilizers
221 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Legume mulch and nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil water and corn production.
Corak, S.J.; Frye, W.W.; Smith, M.S.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p. 1395-1400; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Vicia villosa; Zea mays; No-tillage; Crop production;
Silt loam soils; Cover crops; Live mulches; Crop residues; Preplanting
treatment; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Soil water
content; Temporal variation; Spatial variation; Crop yield; Growth; Nutrient
transport; Water use efficiency; Crop growth stage; Nutrient availability;
Water conservation; Profiles; Maize stover; Grain; Precipitation; Transpiration
Abstract: Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) as a winter annual legume cover
crop, can increase grain yield of no-till corn (Zea mays L.). Optimizing
management of this system depends on understanding beneficial effects. This
field study examined effects of hairy vetch (HV) and N fertilizer on soil water
content, crop growth, N assimilation, and water-use efficiency. Cover-crop
treatments, each with 0 and 255 kg ha-1 of fertilizer N, were (i) winter
fallow, (ii) aboveground HV removed at corn planting, (iii) HV left in place,
and (iv) HV left in place and supplemented with that removed from (ii).
Transpiration by HV before corn planting reduced soil water content, decreasing
early growth of corn during years of low spring rainfall. By 2 to 4 wk after
planting, however, soil water content under HV mulch was similar to winter
fallow. Soil water content was higher with HV mulch only during the second 4-wk
period following planting and only in the upper 7.5 cm of the profile. Greater
soil water use associated with N fertilizer occurred after about 8 wk in 2 of
the 3 yr. Hairy vetch treatments sit the zero-N fertilizer level increased corn
growth, N assimilation, grain yield, and water-use efficiency. The high-N
treatment negated these benefits of HV. Because of this and the lack of mulch
effects on soil water during inter stages of crop growth, we concluded that N
supplied to no-till corn was the principal, immediate benefit of HV during this
study.
222 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Legume residue and soil water effects on denitrification in soils of different
textures.
Aulakh, M.S.; Doran, J.W.; Walters, D.T.; Power, J.F.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (12): p. 1161-1167; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; India; Vicia villosa; Clay soils; Silt loam soils; Sandy
loam soils; Soil texture; Cover crops; Crop residues; Incorporation;
Denitrification; Losses from soil systems; Nitrogen; Soil pore system; Soil
water content; Porosity; Water holding capacity; Bulk density; Soil air;
Nutrient availability; Carbon; Biological activity in soil; Soil organic
matter; Saturated conditions; Nitrate; Overwintering
Abstract: Legume cover crops commonly used to supply additional N and reduce
potential for over-winter N leaching losses may also influence denitrification
depending upon soil water status and soil type. Interrelationships between
incorporated hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) residue and soil water status on
denitrification in coarse, medium and fine textured soils were investigated in
the laboratory. Repacked soil cores were incubated, 10, 20 and 30 d with and
without acetylene (C2H2). Denitrification losses were 20-200 micrograms N kg-1
from each soil when 60% of the soil pore space was filled with water and
increased to from 14.0 to 18.6 mg N kg-1 at 90% water-filled-pore space (WFPS).
Incorporation of vetch residue (2.5 g kg-1) greatly stimulated denitrification
(51.1-99.5 mg N kg-1), probably due to greater availability of organic C as
indicated by higher CO2 emissions. The major denitrification losses occurred
during the first 10 days and more so in residue-amended soils. The supply of C
from incorporated legume crop residue was a major factor influencing
denitrification especially when soil wetness restricted aeration and adequate
nitrate was present. At similar water contents, rates of denitrification
differed greatly in soils of varying texture, but when varying water holding
capacity and bulk density were accounted for using WFPS, all soils behaved very
similarly. Use of WFPS as an index of aeration status enabled identification
that differences in denitrification losses in vetch-amended soils of varying
texture resulted in part from varying capacity to supply NO3(-) and metabolize
organic matter. These results illustrate the utility of WFPS, compared with
soil water content, and its reliability as an indicator of reduced aeration
dependent denitrification for soils of varying texture.
223 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Legumes alone and in combination with manure as fertilizers in an intensive
muskmelon production system.
Singogo, W.; Lamont, W.J. Jr; Marr, C.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1991 Nov.
HortScience v. 26 (11): p. 1431; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucumis melo; Green manures; Medicago sativa; Vicia villosa; Pisum
sativum; Cattle manure; Trickle irrigation; Plastic film; Intensive production;
Crop yield; Fruits
224 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy
vetch and rye.
Teasdale, J.R.; Mohler, C.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 May.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 673-680; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; New York; Cabt; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa;
Cover crops; Crop residues; Biomass; Microenvironments; Weeds; Seed banks; Seed
germination; Soil temperature; Light penetration; Soil water content; Cultural
weed control
Abstract: Cover crop residue on the surface of soils in no-tillage systems can
suppress weed emergence and growth. Although allelopathy often is invoked to
explain weed suppression by residue, physical alterations of the seed
environment could be important as well. This experiment was conducted to
determine the light, temperature, and moisture conditions under cover crop
residue. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were
desiccated with a contact herbicide and residue rates ranging from one-fourth
to four times the natural residue biomass were established in experiments at
Beltsville, MD and Ithaca, N.Y. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was
determined above and below residue at approximately monthly intervals after
initiation of the experiment. Transmittance of PPFD through residue declined
according to an exponential decay function of residue biomass. Transmittance
was similar through hairy vetch and rye residue initially, but as the
experiment progressed, transmittance through hairy vetch residue was greater
than that through rye because of faster decomposition of hairy vetch residue.
Spectral analysis from 400 to 1100 nm showed a slight increase in transmittance
as wavelength increased resulting in a slight lowering of the red (660 nm) to
far-red (730 nm) ratio relative to that of unobstructed sunlight. Soil maximum
temperature and daily soil temperature amplitude were reduced by cover crop
residue. Residue prevented the decline of soil water content during droughty
periods. Results indicated that reductions in light transmittance and daily
soil temperature amplitude by cover crop residue were sufficient to reduce
emergence of weeds but that maintenance of soil moisture could increase weed
emergence.
225 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Long-term effects of rate and frequency of applied P on crop yields, plant
available P, and recovery of fertilizer P in a peanut-wheat rotation.
Aulakh, M.S.; Pasricha, N.S.; Baddesa, H.S.; Bahl, G.S.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Apr.
Soil science v. 151 (4): p. 317-322; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indian punjab; Arachis hypogaea; Triticum aestivum; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Yield response functions; Nutrient uptake; Recovery; Irrigated
soils; Application rates; Sandy loam soils
226 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Macroporosity of a well-drained soil under no-till and conventional tillage.
Dunn, G.H.; Phillips, R.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 817-822; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Hydraulic conductivity; Macropores; No-tillage; Silt
loam soils; Tillage; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; Zea mays
Abstract: Conventional tillage and no-tillage have been shown to affect the
hydraulic properties of soil. For this reason, a field experiment was conducted
in 1987 and 1988 to determine the effect of tillage practice and cover crop on
the macroporosity of a Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf).
The field used for this study has been in continuous no-till and conventional-
till corn (Zea mays L.) since 1970. Ponded steady-state infiltration
measurements were made using double-ring infiltrometers; afterwards, a tension
infiltrometer was used to measure water flux at -0.4, -0.9, and -1.4 kPa water
pressure. These negative water pressures were used to calculate equivalent
cylindrical pore diameters from the capillary-rise equation. Flux at a pressure
of -0.06 kPa was determined from regression equations for each plot. Equivalent
pore diameters of 5.0, 0.75, 0.33, and 0.21 mm correspond to -0.06, -0.4, -0.9,
and -1.4 kPa, respectively. In June 1987, conventional tillage had
significantly higher water flux than no-till for the 5.0- to 0.75-mm
equivalent-diameter pore size range. In 1987, rye (Secale cereale L.) cover
crop plots had significantly higher water-flux values than hairy vetch (Vicia
villosa Roth.) plots for the same range of equivalent pore sizes. In June 1988,
no-till plots had significantly higher water-flux values for all equivalent
pore size ranges. In 1987, 73 and 80% of the total water flux at -0.06 kPa
water pressure was transmitted through pores > 0.21-mm equivalent diameter in
no-till and conventional-tillage plots, respectively. The corresponding values
in 1988 were 83 and 73%.
227 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1991 O593
Maize-soybean rotation residue interaction on grain yield.. University of
Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Agronomy
Onyango, Ruth M. Adhiambo
1991; 1991.
xi, 70 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
228 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Management of bacterial wilt of groundnut using genetic resistance and cultural
practices.
Mehan, V.K.; Nigam, S.N.; McDonald, D.
Canberra, A.C.T. : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1985-; 1993.
ACIAR proceedings (45): p. 211-218; 1993. In the series analytic: Bacterial
wilt / edited by G.L. Hartman and A.C. Hayward. Meeting held on October 28-31,
1992, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Cabt; China; Cabt; Arachis hypogaea; Pseudomonas
solanacearum; Wilts; Plant disease control; Rotations; Genetic resistance;
Disease resistance; Cultivars; Intercropping
229 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Management of Heterodera glycines by cropping and cultural practices.
Schmitt, D.P.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Jul.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (3): p. 348-352; 1991 Jul. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; Nematode control; Rotation;
Cropping systems; Literature reviews
Abstract: Heterodera glycines was identified in North Carolina in 1954,
although symptoms of the disease were noted in the state at least 8 years
earlier. Crop rotation experiments designed to develop management systems were
initiated in 1956. Two or more years in production of a nonhost crop resulted
in decreases of the nematode to low or undetectable levels with acceptable
subsequent yields of soybean (Glycine max). Because of almost complete
dependence on resistant cultivars and (or) nematicides for nematode control,
crop rotation experiments were not conducted from 1962 to 1980. Research on
control of H. glycines, beginning in 1981, emphasized biological and ecological
aspects of the nematode in order to determine cropping systems that restrict
the nematode to nondamaging levels. Mortality during embryogenesis was high at
temperatures above 30 C. Hatching of eggs occurs readily in May and June.
Postinfection development takes 2-3 weeks at weekly mean temperatures of 22-29
C and is slow above and below those temperatures. Egg production is high during
the late growing season. Some cultural practices such as planting early
maturing cultivars in mid-to-late June and rotation with a nonhost effectively
keeps populations at low levels.
230 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
The management of soil acidity for sustainable crop production.
Edwards, D.G.; Sharifuddin, H.A.H.; Yusoff, M.N.M.; Grundon, N.J.; Shamshuddin,
J.; Norhayati, M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 383-396; 1991. In the series
analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C.
Baligar and R.P. Murrmann. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium,
June 24-29, 1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malaysia; Acid soils; Soil management; Ultisols; Oxisols; Tropical
soils; Plant nutrition; Lime; Aluminum; Magnesium; Calcium; Cropping systems;
Economic analysis; Hevea; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea
Abstract: The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
(ACIAR) has funded a 4-year project to develop sustainable food crop production
systems on acid, low fertility soils. Field trials were commenced in mid-1986
at four sites in Malaysia to evaluate crop responses to amelioration of acidity
in three Ultisols and one Oxisol, and to relate these responses to both solid
and solution phase soil chemistry. Ground magnesium limestone (GML) (21% Ca,
12% Mg) was applied at rates up to 8 t per ha-1. The UPM trials involved
rotation cropping of groundnut and sweet corn, with two crops per year. The
RRIM trials involved these two crops and grain corn, intercropped with young
rubber trees for 2 to 3 years before canopy closure. Liming gave strong
responses in crop yield. Initial applications of 4 and 8 t per ha-1 were
effective after 3 years in the UPM trials. Yield responses of all crops
occurred up to the maximal rate of 2 t per ha-1 in the RRIM trials. Rubber tree
growth benefitted from the intercropping and earlier commercial tapping has
occurred. Application of GML to groundnut and sweet corn was economically
viable, while earlier rubber tapping has further economic benefits.
231 NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J
Managing brome grass in the wheat:lupin rotation.
Cheam, A.H.; Gill, G.; Zaicou, C.
South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1992.
Journal of agriculture v. 33 (3): p. 95-99; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Triticum; Lupinus; Rotations; Weed control;
Bromus diandrus; Bromus rigidus; Integrated control; Sandy soils
232 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So32
Managing plant-parasitic nematodes in crop sequences.
McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R.N.
S.l. : The Society; 1992.
Proceedings / v. 51: p. 42-45; 1992. Meeting held Sept 25-27, 1991, Orlando,
Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Meloidogyne incognita; Glycine max; Rotations;
Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Sorghum
sudanense; Nematode control
233 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Managing white clover living mulch for sweet corn production with partial
rototilling.
Grubinger, V.P.; Minotti, P.L.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 4-5; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Zea mays; Mulches; Nitrogen fertilizers; Green
manures; Intercropping; Cover crops; Erosion; Rotation; Tillage
234 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Mandatory supply controls versus flexibility policy options for encouraging
sustainable farming systems.
Dobbs, T.L.; Becker, D.L.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (3): p. 122-128; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Agricultural policy; Sustainability; Alternative
farming; Rotations; Program evaluation; Crop yield; Cost benefit analysis;
Federal programs
Abstract: We analyzed two sets of farm policy options, representing different
ideological approaches to government involvement in agriculture, to estimate
their effects on the relative economic attractiveness of "sustainable" and
"conventional" farming systems. The mandatory supply control approach, through
strict acreage limitations on program crops, represents a strong government
role in commodity supply management. The Normal Crop Acreage approach on the
other hand, allows farmers greater flexibility in deciding what crops to grow.
We used economic models of five pairs of case study farms in different
agroclimatic areas of South Dakota, covering corn-soybean, spring wheat, and
winter wheat growing regions. Mandatory restrictions on the planted acreage of
"program" crops, including soybeans, were found to favor the conventional
systems, because they induced high prices for crops that predominate in
conventional systems, especially corn, soybeans, and wheat. In principle,
however, mandatory acreage controls could require compliance with certain
sustainable agriculture practices. Normal Crop Acreage (NCA) proposals can
encourage greater use of sustainable farming systems. Where conventional corn
and soybean production is relatively profitable, as in parts of eastern South
Dakota, NCA options by themselves appear insufficient to induce change overs to
sustainable cropping systems. In wheat growing areas of northern and western
South Dakota, however, where the two systems often are about equally
profitable, NCA policies could promote sustainable systems, particularly if
deficiency payments are not reduced for harvesting legumes and other non-
program crops on NCA base. To have this positive effect, NCA policies must be
introduced gradually and structured to limit adverse effects on the markets for
legumes and other non-program crops that are important in sustainable
rotations.
235 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Mass of crop residue and its relationship with soil cover for a corn, dry bean,
and sugarbeet rotation.
Smith, J.A.; Yonts, C.D.; Rath, M.D.; Bailie, J.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990 Sep.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 33 (5): p. 1503-1508; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beta vulgaris; Dry beans; Zea mays; Crop residues; Biomass
production; Cover crops; Rotations; Tillage
Abstract: The mass and percent cover of crop residue on the soil surface were
measured for three tillage systems in a crop rotation of corn, dry edible
beans, and sugarbeets under furrow irrigation. The tillage systems included a
moldboard plow-based system, a rotary strip till system, and a system which
utilized minimum tillage prior to planting. A good relationship was found
between mass and soil cover when corn residue predominated, but not when dry
edible bean or sugarbeet residues were the dominate residues. The reduced
tillage systems retained greater residue mass on the soil surface than the
moldboard plow system for almost two years of the three year crop rotation. The
mass of surface residue for all three tillage systems was less than 0.5 t/ha
for a period of one year following sugarbeet harvest. The variability of the
residue mass measurement was reduced when the residue was washed.
236 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Maximizing the potential of cropping systems for nematode management.
Noe, J.P.; Sasser, J.N.; Imbriani, J.L.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Jul.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (3): p. 353-361; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Glycine max; Hoplolaimus columbus; Nematode
control; Rotation; Cropping systems; Population density; Yield losses
Abstract: Quantitative techniques were used to analyze and determine optimal
potential profitability of 3-year rotations of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum cv.
Coker 315, and soybean, Glycine max cv. Centennial, with increasing population
densities of Hoplolaimus columbus. Data collected from naturally infested on-
farm research plots were combined with economic information to construct a
microcomputer spreadsheet analysis of the cropping system. Nonlinear
mathematical functions were fitted to field data to represent damage functions
and population dynamic curves. Maximum yield losses due to H. columbus were
estimated to be 20 on cotton and 42% on soybean. Maximum at harvest population
densities were calculated to be 182/100 cm3 soil for cotton and 149/100 cm3
soil for soybean. Projected net incomes ranged from a $17.74/ha net loss for
the soybean-cotton-soybean sequence to a net profit of $46.80/ha for the
cotton-soybean-cotton sequence. The relative profitability of various rotations
changed as nematode densities increased, indicating economic thresholds for
recommending alternative crop sequences. The utility and power of quantitative
optimization was demonstrated for comparisons of rotations under different
economic assumptions and with other management alternatives.
237 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Mechanical and cultural weed control in corn and soybeans.
Gunsolus, J.L.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 114-119; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Weeds; Cultural weed control;
Mechanical methods; Planting date; Row spacing; Rotations; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application date; Hoeing; Rotary hoes; Interrow cultivation;
Temporal variation; Crop losses; Yield losses; Crop weed competition; Seed
germination; Soil depth
Abstract: Many farmers and consumers are reevaluating chemical weed control
because of the environmental risks of herbicides and their influence on farm
size and diversity. This paper reviews research of the last 35 years on
mechanical and cultural weed control in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans
(Glycine max L.). Soybeans can better use the weed control advantages of late
planting and narrow row spacing and are less affected by early stand losses
from mechanical weed control In Minnesota, delaying planting to early June
allows early germinating weeds to be controlled by preplant tillage but reduces
the maximum yield potential of corn by approximately 25 percent and soybeans by
approximately 1O percent. Narrow rows allow the crop canopy to close earlier,
preventing emerging weeds from developing. However, in a nonchemical weed
control system, the row spacing should allow for inter-row cultivation to
control weeds that emerge with the crop. Up to a 10 percent reduction in crop
stand may be expected in fields that have been rotary hoed In Minnesota, a 10
percent stand loss results in a 2 percent loss of corn yield potential and no
loss of soybean yield potential. Successful mechanical weed control is directly
related to the timeliness of the operation. Rotary hoeing is effective on weeds
that have germinated but not yet emerged but not on weeds that germinate from
deeper than 5 cm, on no-till fields, or on fields with more than 20 to 30
percent crop residue. Inter-row cultivation is most effective on weeds up to 10
to 15 cm tall. Successful nonchemical weed control requires highly refined
management skills and is as much an art as a science.
238 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Microbial and biochemcial changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil
under barley production.
Angers, D.A.; Bissonnette, N.; Legere, A.; Samson, N.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1993 Feb.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 73 (1): p. 39-50; 1993 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quebec; Cabt; Hordeum vulgare; Trifolium pratense; Rotations;
Plowing; Chiselling; Conservation tillage; Comparisons; No-tillage; Soil
organic matter; Carbon; Soil flora; Biomass; Carbohydrates; Alkaline
phosphatase; Soil enzymes; Enzyme activity; Temporal variation; Soil
management; Biological activity in soil; Quality
239 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Mineralization of nitrogen from nitrogen-15 labeled crop residues and
utilization by rice.
Norman, R.J.; Gilmour, J.T.; Wells, B.R.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (5): p. 1351-1356; 1990 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Glycine max; Crop residues;
Nitrogen; Fertilizers; Labeling; Mineralization; Uptake; Rotation; Utilization
Abstract: The availability of N from the residues of the previous crop to the
subsequent rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop is largely unknown. The objectives of
this study were to (i) measure the mineralization of N from 15N-labeled rice,
soybean (Glycine max L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues and the
uptake by a subsequent rice crop; and (ii) compare the 15N tracer method with
the standard fertilizer-N response method used in field studies to quantify the
N contribution from the crop residue to the next crop. Nitrogen mineralization
from decomposing crop residues was measured by soil sampling prior to seeding
the rice crop and after seeding by plant sampling the rice at maturity. The
minimum estimate of the amount of residue N mineralized from the time of
residue incorporation until rice harvest was 9, 52, and 38% of the rice,
soybean, and wheat residue N, respectively. The amount of residue N recovered
in the rice crop was 3, 11, and 37% of the rice, soybean, and wheat residue N,
respectively. The lower the C/N ratio and the higher the amount of N in the
residue, the lower was the amount of residue N recovered in the soil organic
fraction at harvest and the higher was the amount of residue N mineralized. The
15N tracer method compared favorably with the fertilizer N response method when
the uptake efficiency of the fertilizer N was taken into account.
240 NAL Call. No.: SB193.P72
Multicut berseem clover as a double crop for Eastern Oregon.
Saunders, L.; Shock, C.; Stieber, T.
Madison, Wis. : The Department; 1990.
Progress report, clovers and special purpose legumes research - University of
Wisconsin, Department of Agronomy v. 23: p. 34; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Trifolium alexandrinum; Double cropping; Clover hay; Green
manures
241 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
N2 fixation in two Sesbania species and its transfer to rice (Oryza sativa L.)
as revealed by 15N technology.
Seneviratne, G.; Kulasooriya, S.A.; Weerakoon, W.L.; Rosswall, T.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 14 (1): p. 37-42; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Sesbania; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen; Isotope
labeling; Green manures; Oryza sativa; Soil fertility; Crop yield; Flooded rice
242 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Nematode densities associated with corn and sorghum cropping systems in
Florida.
Gallaher, R.N.; McSorley, R.; Dickson, D.S.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 668-672; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Meloidogyne
incognita; Pratylenchus; CRiconemella; Population density; Cropping systems;
Rotations
Abstract: Final densities (Pf) of Meloidogyne incognita nd Pratylenchus spp.
increased more than ten-fold over initial densities (Pi) on corn (Zea mays)
cultivars grown at three sites in north Florida. The Pf of M. incognita
following sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were much lower (P less than or equal to
0.001) than Pf following corn at the two sites in which sorghum was grown. At
one of these sites, Pf of M. incognita was less than or equal to 5/100 cm3
soil, and at the other site Pf < Pi. At one site, population densities of
Criconemella sphaerocephala increased to higher levels on sorghum than on corn,
but Pf of Pratylenchus spp. were greater (P less than or equal to 0.01) on
corn. Few differences in nematode densities were observed among the different
corn cultivars tested.
243 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Nematode management in minimum-till soybean with resistant cultivars, rye
rotation, and aldicarb.
Minton, N.A.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1992 Jun.
Nematropica v. 22 (1): p. 21-28; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Cultivars; Pest resistance; Meloidogyne
incognita; Paratrichodorus minor; Pratylenchus brachyurus; Rotations; Secale
cereale; Nematode control; Minimum tillage
244 NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
Nematodes of alfalfa.
O'Bannon, J.H.; Peaden, R.
S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, etc. :.; 1991 Jun.
WREP - Western Region Extension Publication - Cooperative Extension Service
v.): 4 p.; 1991 Jun. In the series analytic: Alfalfa seed production and pest
management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pacific states of U.S.A.; Medicago sativa; Seed production;
Nematoda; Pest resistance; Rotations
245 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, imazethapyr, and DPX-PE350 injury to succeeding
crops.
Johnson, D.H.; Jordan, D.L.; Johnson, W.G.; Talbert, R.E.; Frans, R.E.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
641-644; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cabt; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; Glycine max; Sorghum
bicolor; Oryza sativa; Rotations; Sequential cropping; Crop damage; Abiotic
injuries; Weed control; Chemical control; Imazethapyr; Sulfonylurea herbicides;
Persistence; Residual effects; Sowing date
246 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Nitrogen and vetch improve cotton yield.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
Station v. 55 (4): p. 4; 1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium; Crop yield; Vicia; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Cover crops; No-tillage
247 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Nitrogen dynamics and management in rice--legume cropping systems.
Buresh, R.J.; Datta, S.K.De
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1991.
Advances in agronomy v. 45: p. 1-59; 1991. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Asia; Oryza sativa; Legumes; Cropping systems; Green
manures; Losses from soil systems; Mineralization; Nitrogen cycle; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nitrogen fixation; Residual effects; Soil fertility; Yield
response functions; Agricultural research; Literature reviews
248 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Nitrogen fertiliser response of wheat in lupin-wheat, subterranean
clover-wheat and continuous wheat rotations.
Mason, M.G.; Rowland, I.C.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (2): p. 231-236; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Lupinus albus; Lupinus angustifolius; Trifolium
subterraneum; Triticum; Nitrogen fertilizers; Rotations; Yield
response functions
249 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen fertilizer recovery by corn in monoculture and rotation systems.
Varvel, G.E.; Peterson, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 935-938; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Zea mays; Monoculture; Continuous cropping; Rotations;
Glycine max; Avena sativa; Trifolium pratense; Sorghum bicolor; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Recovery; Analytical methods
Abstract: Crop rotations including legumes have increased in importance
because of their potential to reduce large inorganic N fertilizer needs for
corn [Zea mays L.) and other crops. This study was conducted to determine N
fertilizer recovery by corn in monoculture and rotational systems. Corn was
grown under rainfed conditions on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine,
montmorillinitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in four cropping systems: (i)
continuous corn monoculture, ii) a 2-yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn
rotation, (iii) a 4-yr rotation of oat [Avena sativa L.)] + clover [80%
Melilotus officinalis (L.) and 20% Trifolium pratense]-grain sorghum [Sorghum
bicolor (L.)]-soybean-corn, and (iv) a 4-yr rotation of soybean-grain sorghum-
oat + clover-corn at Mead, NE. Broadcast applications of 15N-depleted NH4NO3
were made at 90 and 180 kg N ha-1 in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate N fertilizer
recovery by corn in each cropping system using isotopic methods. Nitrogen
recovery determined by isotopic methods was significantly higher for corn in
rotation vs. corn in monoculture, averaging 58.6 vs. 52.3% and 49.8 vs. 43.4%
at the 90 and 180 kg N ha-1 rates, respectively. In contrast, fertilizer N
recovery estimated by the difference method was much greater in continuous corn
vs. N recovery in corn following oat + clover in the 4-yr rotation. These
differences indicated that N fertilizer applied to corn in each cropping system
appeared to be entering different sizes and types of organic soil N pools,
resulting in apparent differences in N immobilization. Our results demonstrate
problems exist in estimating fertilizer N recovery with both methods (isotope
or difference) and before accurate N recovery estimates by corn or any other
crop can be made in complex soil and crop management systems, procedures must
be developed to explicitly follow N fertilizer pathways (immobilization,
denitrification, volatilization, leaching, etc.). Until that time, correct
interpretations with either method
250 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen fertilizer recovery by grain sorghum in monoculture and rotation
systems.
Varvel, G.E.; Peterson, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 May.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (3): p. 617-622; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Sorghum bicolor; Monoculture; Rotations; Glycine max;
Zea mays; Avena sativa; Trifolium pratense; Melilotus officinalis; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Isotopes; Radioactive tracers; Application rates; Recovery;
Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Crop yield; Grain; Stover; Nitrogen content
Abstract: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has become a major
dryland crop for the Great Plains, but information on production in rotations
is limited. This study was conducted to determine N fertilizer recovery and use
by grain sorghum in monoculture and rotational systems. Grain sorghum was grown
under rainfed conditions on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine,
montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in: (i) continuous grain sorghum
monoculture, (ii) a 2-yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-grain sorghum
rotation, (iii) a 4-yr rotation of soybean-corn [Zea mays L.]-oat [Avena sativa
(L.)] + clover [80% Melilotus officinalis (L.) and 20% Trifolium pratense
(L.)]-grain sorghum, and (iv) a 4-yr rotation of oat + clover-corn-soybean-
grain sorghum at Mead, NE. Broadcast applications of 15N-depleted NH4NO3 were
made at 90 and 180 kg N ha(-1) in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate N fertilizer
recovery. Fertilizer N recovery determined by isotopic methods was
significantly higher for grain sorghum in monoculture (64.9%) vs. grain sorghum
in rotation (54.9%). Fertilizer N recovery estimated by the difference method
ranged from 118.5% in continuous grain sorghum to 9.1% in sorghum following oat
+ clover. Differences in N-recovery results by the isotope and difference
methods indicated N fertilizer applied to grain sorghum in various cropping
systems appeared to be entering different organic soil-N pools. These results
substantiate the importance of the mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT)
effect in N-isotope experiments and the necessity for careful interpretation of
N-recovery results, especially between complex cropping systems.
251 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen fertilizer recovery by soybean in monoculture and rotation systems.
Varvel, G.E.; Peterson, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 215-218; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Glycine max; Rotations; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Avena
sativa; Melilotus officinalis; Monoculture; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Nitrogen; Recovery; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Nitrate nitrogen; Leaching
Abstract: Crop rotations including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have
increased in importance because of their potential to increase yields, reduce
expenditures for pesticides and fertilizer, and increase net returns to the
producer. Despite the importance of soybean in the USA, there is a lack of
understanding of how N affects soybean in rotation systems. This study was
conducted to determine the effects of rotation and N fertilization on N uptake
and recovery by soybean. Soybean was grown under rainfed conditions on a
Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in
five cropping systems: (i) continuous soybean monoculture, (ii) a 2-yr corn
(Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation, (iii) a 2-yr grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench]-soybean rotation, (iv) a 4-yr rotation of corn-oat [Avena sativa
L.)] + clover [80% Melilotus officinalis (L.) and 20% Trifolium pratense]-grain
sorghum-soybean, and (v) a 4-yr rotation of grain sorghum-oat + clover-corn-
soybean at Mead, NE. Broadcast applications of 15N-depleted NH4NO3 were made at
34 and 68 kg N ha-1 in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate N fertilizer recovery by
soybean in each cropping system. Nitrogen recovery determined by isotope
analyses was approximately 50% in all rotation systems and was not
significantly affected by rotation or N rate. Large amounts of N were removed
by the harvested soybean seed in all systems (150 to 200 kg N ha-1), regardless
of N fertilizer applications. Soybean can act as a N sink and potentially aid
in reducing the amount of soil N available for leaching. Since soybean grown in
a rotation can utilize soil or fertilizer N along with the other benefits of
rotations, soybean shows promise as a crop that may help reduce the leaching of
nitrate-N in to ground water.
252 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and subtropical agriculture.
Peoples, M.B.; Herridge, D.F.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1990.
Advances in agronomy v. 44: p. 155-223. ill; 1990. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Fodder crops; Shrubs; Trees; Legumes; Nitrogen
fixation; Quantitative analysis; Subtropical crops; Tropical crops; Crop
production; Crop residues; Decomposition; Green manures; Literature reviews;
Rhizobiaceae; Soil inoculation; Plant breeding; Crop management; Soil
management; Animal production
253 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3)
Nitrogen management in a corn soybean rotation.
Gerwing, J.; Gelderman, R.; Sorensen, D.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992 Oct.
TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (99): 4 p.;
1992 Oct. In the series analytic: Soil science research in the Plant Science
Department : 1991 Annual Report. Soil PR 91-32.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Nitrogen; Rotations;
Environmental impact; Groundwater pollution; Application rates; Soil testing;
Crop yield
254 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3)
Nitrogen management in a corn soybean rotation.
Gerwing, J.; Gelderman, R.; Sorenson, D.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991.
TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (97): 5 p.
(soil PR 90-27); 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Nitrogen; Movement
in soil; Groundwater pollution
255 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Nitrogen nutrition of wheat following different crops.
Echeverria, H.E.; Navarro, C.A.; Andrade, F.H.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Apr.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 118 (pt.2): p. 157-163; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Argentina; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Zea
mays; Nitrogen content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Plant nutrition; Rotations;
Seeds; Crop yield; Environmental temperature; Precipitation
256 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Nitrogen release from the leaves of some tropical legumes as affected by their
lignin and polyphenolic contents.
Palm, C.A.; Sanchez, P.A.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (1): p. 83-88; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Tropical crops; Leaves; Nitrogen; Lignin;
Polyphenols; Plant composition; Decomposition; Mineralization; Acid soils;
Tropical soils; Live mulches; Green manures; Cover crops
Abstract: Leguminous plant materials used as mulches, green manures and cover
crops are generally assumed to provide a readily-available source of N to
crops. However, little is known about the chemical composition and N release
patterns of the variety of legumes being used in tropical agroecosystems. N
release patterns from the leaflets of 10 tropical legumes and rice straw were
determined in a laboratory experiment. Ground leaf material was allowed to
decompose in an acid soil (pH 4.5) for 8 weeks and the soil was analyzed
periodically for extractable NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. N release in the soil plus
plant material were compared to that of the soil without plant material added
and related to the N, lignin and polyphenolic concentrations of the leaflets.
Three patterns of net N mineralization emerged during the 8-weeks. One pattern
exhibited by the control soil, rice straw and leaves of two of the leguminous
plants was a low, positive net mineralization. Another pattern showed much
higher rates of mineralization than the control soil and the third pattern
showed initial net immobilization followed by low but positive net
mineralization rates. The amount of N mineralized during the 8 weeks as
compared to the control soil ranged from +46 to -20% of the N added in plant
material. Net mineralization was not correlated to % N or % lignin in the leaf
material but was found to be negatively correlated to the polyphenolic
concentration, r = -0.63, or the polyphenolic-to-N ratio, r = -0.75.
Mineralization in excess of the control soil was found only for materials with
a polyphenolic-to-N ratio <0.5. Mechanisms to explain the low mineralization by
materials high in polyphenolics include the formation of stable polymers
between polyphenolics and amino groups, and nitrosation, a chemical reaction of
nitrite (NO2(-)) with polyphenolics. Our results show that leguminous plant
material with a high polyphenolic content or polyphenolic-to-N ratio may not be
a readily-available source of N.
257 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Nitrogen residues from peas and beans and the response of the following cereal
to applied nitrogen.
Sylvester-Bradley, R.; Cross, R.B.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists; 1991.
Aspects of applied biology (27): p. 293-298; 1991. In the series analytic:
Production and protection of legumes / edited by R.J. Froud-Williams, P.
Gladders, M.C. Heath, J.F. Jenkyn, C.M. Knott, A. Lane and D. Pink. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Triticum; Cereals; Pisum sativum; Vicia faba; Residual
effects; Rotations; Crop yield
258 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Nitrogen supplied to corn by legumes in a Central Amazon Oxisol.
Smyth, T.J.; Cravo, M.S.; Melgar, R.J.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (4): p. 366-372; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Indigofera tinctoria; Mucuna aterrima; Vigna unguiculata;
Zea mays; Crop residues; Green manures; Legumes; Nitrogen fertilizers; Urea
nitrates; Biomass production; Crop yield; Dry matter; Humid tropics; Oxisols;
Soil chemistry
259 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Nitrogen uptake within sequential vegetable cropping systems.
Sanders, D.C.; Bandele, O.A.; Miller, C.H.; Nash, A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 16 (6): p. 1119-1136; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Brassica
oleracea var. italica; Brassica oleracea; Cucurbita pepo; Nitrogen; Nutrient
uptake; Nitrogen content; Sequential cropping
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effect of previous crop,
nitrogen (N) rate and planting density on N uptake within different vegetable
cropping sequences. Spring crops included tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Each
spring crop was followed in the fall by broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica
group), collard (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala group) and pumpkin (Cucurbita
pepo L.). Higher N rates resulted in greater N uptake for all plants at some
point in the growing season. Final N accumulation exceeded N fertilizer applied
at 1 or more N rates for all six crops. However, higher N rates resulted in
greater final N accumulation only with the tomato/broccoli sequence. Plants
grown at lower density generally had greater N accumulation per plant, but N
uptake per hectare was greater for the high density planting. The greatest
previous crop effect was in 1984 when N accumulation for pumpkin following
tomato exceeded that of other sequences. Cultural practices probably led to
these differences.
260 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Nonpoint source pollution impacts of alternative agricultural management
practice in Illinois: a simulation study.
Phillips, D.L.; Hardin, P.D.; Benson, V.W.; Baglio, J.V.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil Conservation Society of America, 1946-; 1993 Sep.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 48 (5): p. 449-457; 1993 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Cabt; Erosion; Carbon; Nutrient balance; Rotations;
Water pollution; No-tillage; Alternative farming; Innovation adoption;
Simulation models; Zea mays; Glycine max; Crop yield; Nitrogen; Phosphorus;
Runoff
261 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
No-till vs. conventional tillage for late-planted corn following hay harvest.
Smith, M.A.; Carter, P.R.; Imholte, A.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 261-264; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Zea mays; No-tillage; Tillage; Hay; Cover crops;
Medicago sativa; Hybrids; Maturation period; Soil temperature; Soil water;
Seedling emergence; Dry matter; Weight; Crop yield; Plant height; Returns;
Costs; Planting date
262 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
A no-tillage tomato production system using hairy vetch and subterranean
clover mulches.
Abdul-Baki, A.A.; Teasdale, J.R.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Feb.
HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science
v. 28 (2): p. 106-108; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; Lycopersicon esculentum; Vicia villosa; Trifolium
subterraneum; Cover crops; Mulches; No-tillage; Fruits; Maturity; Crop yield;
Planting date; Earliness; Low input agriculture
Abstract: A novel approach is described for using two winter annual legumes -
hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) and 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover
(Trifolium subterraneum L.) - as cover crops and plant mulches in tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. The approach calls for sowing the
cover crops in the fall in prepared beds, mowing the cover crops with a high-
speed flail mower immediately before transplanting the tomato seedlings into
the field in early May, and then transplanting the seedlings into the beds with
minimal interruption of the soil or mulch cover. Plants in the vetch treatment
with no tillage produced a higher yield than those grown under black
polyethylene, paper, or no mulch in conventional systems. Both plant mulches
delayed fruit maturity by approximately 10 days relative to black polyethylene
mulch. The proposed approach eliminates tillage, reduces the need for applying
synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, and is adapted to large- and small-scale
tomato production in a low-input, no-tillage system. It also may be used to
produce other vegetables.
263 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 N814
Oat and soybean yields in crownvetch and other cover crops.
Hartwig, N.L.
College Park, Md. : The Society; 1991.
Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society v. 45: p.
122-125; 1991. Meeting held January 8-10, 1991, Baltimore, Maryland.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Glycine max; Crop yield; Coronilla varia; Cover
crops; Live mulches
264 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Optimal rates of nitrogen fertilization for first-year corn after alfalfa.
Morris, T.F.; Blackmer, A.M.; El-Hout, N.M.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 344-350; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Rotations; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Fertilizer requirement determination
265 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Organic matter-microbial biomass relationships in field experiments under
tropical conditions: effects of inorganic fertilization and organic
amendments.
Goyal, S.; Mishra, M.M.; Hooda, I.S.; Singh, R.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Nov.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (11): p. 1081-1084; 1992 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Triticum aestivum; Pennisetum Americanum; Semiarid soils;
Soil organic matter; Soil flora; Biomass; Urea; Application rates; Farmyard
manure; Wheat straw; Green manures; Biological activity in soil; Crop yield;
Nutrient uptake; Carbon; Nitrogen; Tropical climate
Abstract: The analysis of continuous fertilizer and manurial experiments in
tropical conditions of India have shown that soil microbial biomass C and N
increased with balanced fertilization. The additions of organic amendments
increased microbial biomass even when the organic C content of the soil did not
increase. The increase in microbial biomass was attributed to better plant
growth resulting in higher rhizodeposition. The crop yields and N uptake were
higher with the addition of farm yard manure or Sesbania green manure.
266 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Overview of long-term agronomic research.
Mitchell, C.C.; Westerman, R.L.; Brown, J.R.; Peck, T.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 24-29; 1991 Jan. Paper presented at the
Symposium on Long-Term Field Research, October 17-18, 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Missouri; Oklahoma; Alabama; Agronomy; Field crops;
Field experimentation; Research projects; Long term experiments; Historical
records; Historic sites; Sustainability; Rotations; Soil fertility
Abstract: Renewed interest in low-input and sustainable crop production has
rekindled interest in long-term agronomic research. Research plots that have
been monitored continuously since the late 19th Century exist in several
states. Twenty-five experiments have been identified that have been monitored
for over 25 yr; 12 of these are more than 50 yr old. Yield and treatment
records provide valuable information on the effects of cropping systems,
tillage, manuring and fertilization practices on yields and on soil physical
and chemical properties. Most of these very early tests were non-replicated
studies using large plots and crop rotation systems. Four of America's oldest,
continuous agronomic research tests were reviewed in more detail: (i) Illinois'
"Morrow Plots" (c. 1876), (ii) Missouri's "Sanborn Field" (c. 1888), (iii)
Oklahoma's "Magruder Plots" (c. 1892) and (iv) Alabama's "Old Rotation" (c.
1896). All of these are listed on the National Register of Historical Places.
These studies document that long-term crop production can be sustained and
improved in different regions and on different soils of the USA. Long-term
studies have shown that crop rotations and attention to recognized and
established soil fertility practices, which may or may not include legumes and
manuring, are essential to maintaining high, sustained production.
267 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P692
Pathogenicity of four Pythium species to wheat, barley, peas and lentils.
Ingram, D.M.; Cook, R.J.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Mar.
Plant pathology v. 39 (1): p. 110-117; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Idaho; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Lens
culinaris; Pisum sativum; Rotations; Host specificity; Pythium irregulare;
Pythium; Pythium ultimum; Pathogenicity; Growth retardation; Soil temperature;
Seedlings; Ammonium sulfate; Chaff
268 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Peanut production practices.
Sullivan, G.A.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State
University v.): p. 9-22; 1991 Dec. In the series analytic: 1992 Peanuts.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Cultivars; Crop production; Crop
yield; Rotations; Soil management; Soil resources; Fertilizers; Lime; Nitrogen;
Calcium; Manganese; Boron; Application rates; Site preparation
269 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Pearl lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) as a green manure crop in the highlands of
Bhutan.
Roder, W.; Kharel, D.R.; Gurung, P.R.; Dukpa, P.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1993.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 3 (2): p. 9-20; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bhutan; Lupinus mutabilis; Green manures; Highlands; Soil organic
matter; Biomass; Solanum tuberosum; Crop production; Nitrogen content
270 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Persistence of herbage treatment effects in barley and consequences for
subsequent crop experimentation.
Fairey, N.A.; Lefkovitch, L.P.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Feb.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 120 (pt.1): p. 25-32; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Hordeum vulgare; Grasses; Legumes; Crop management; Crop
quality; Crop yield; Experimental design; Ammonium nitrate; Rotation; Tillage
271 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Petiole nitrate content of Maine-grown Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes in
response to varying nitrogen rate.
Porter, G.A.; Sisson, J.A.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1991 Aug.
American potato journal v. 68 (8): p. 493-505; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Varietal reactions; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Rotations; Avena sativa; Trifolium pratense;
Nutrient uptake; Nitrate nitrogen; Plant analysis; Petioles; Plant composition;
Crop growth stage; Maturity stage; Crop yield; Tubers; Fertilizer requirement
determination
272 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Phosphorus management for continuous corn-cowpea production in a Brazilian
Amazon Oxisol.
Smyth, T.J.; Cravo, M.S.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (2): p. 305-309; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Zea mays; Vigna unguiculata; Rotations; Oxisols;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Phosphorus residual effect; Band placement;
Broadcasting; Crop yield; Maximum yield
Abstract: Although Oxisols occupy extensive areas in the Amazon, few studies
have addressed their fertilizer P requirements for sustained, long-term crop
production. This field study was conducted to evaluate initial and long-term
responses to P rates and placement by corn (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata L.) when grown in annual rotation during five consecutive years in
a Xanthic Hapludox (clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic) near Manaus, Brazil.
Effects on yields of sole broadcast P rates of 0, 22, 44, 88 and 176 kg ha-1 in
split-plot combination with subplot banded P rates of 0, 11, 22 and 44 kg ha-1
were evaluated over 11 total crops. Banded P at 11 kg ha-1 was applied to every
crop and rates of 22 and 44 kg P ha-1 were only applied to the initial eight
and four crops, respectively. Residual effect of broadcast P, as
measured by both yields and Mehlich 1 soil P, were greater at high rates.
Although cowpea yields were increased up to the highest band rate, no response
in corn yields were observed beyond the rate of 22 kg P ha-1. At equal amounts
of applied P, banded P provided greater yields than broadcast P during the
initial crops. Total corn and/or cowpea yields, after 11 crops, were similar
for all broadcast and band combinations at equal amounts of total applied P.
The absence of a cumulative yield difference among placement methods indicated
that banded placement of 22 and 44 kg P ha-1 to corn and cowpea, respectively,
would be the best method of applying P to sustain long-term crop production
under the manual tillage practices used in the region.
273 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Plant disease control.
Bailey, J.E.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State
University v.): p. 78-92; 1991 Dec. In the series analytic: 1992 Peanuts.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Plant disease control;
Rotations; Plant diseases; Pesticides; Fungicides; Nematoda; Nematicides;
Application rates; Application date; Cultivars; Disease resistance; Harvesting;
Organic farming
274 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Plant-available nitrogen from lentil and wheat residues during a subsequent
growing season.
Bremer, E.; Van Kessel, C.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1155-1160; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Green manures; Lentils; Straw;
Wheat straw; Ammonium sulfate; Comparisons; Nitrogen; Nutrient availability;
Mineralization; Immobilization; Nutrient uptake; Losses from soil; Seasonal
fluctuations
Abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is being grown increasingly on the
Canadian prairies as a pulse or green manure crop, and may increase N
availability to a succeeding crop. This study was designed to compare the
effects of lentil green manure, lentil straw, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
straw on plant-available N during the growing season after application. The
fate of 15N from fall-applied (1988) lentil green manure, lentil straw, and
wheat straw and spring-applied (1989) fertilizer (NH4)2SO4 was determined four
times during the 1989 growing season at a field site located at Outlook,
Saskatchewan, Canada, on a Bradwell sandy loam (Typic Boroll). Denitrification
and leaching losses of 15N from added lentil and wheat straw were negligible,
but 24 and 30% of the 15N in lentil green manure and fertilizer, respectively,
were lost in the 6-wk period after planting (8 May 1989). By wheat harvest (8
Aug. 1989), 7% of the 15N in lentil and wheat straw and 37% of the 15N in
lentil green manure were mineralized. Addition of green manure increased net
mineralization of indigenous soil N at the time of planting by 0.4 g m-2,
equivalent to 10% of added green manure N. Immobilization of soil and
fertilizer N was similar for lentil and wheat straw. The smaller fraction of
15N assimilated from green manure (19%) than from fertilizer (34%) by wheat was
due solely to less net mineralization of green-manure N rather than net
immobilization of fertilization N. Of the 15N added in lentil and wheat straw,
5.5% was assimilated by wheat. Thus, lentil straw was not a significant source
of N in this study, while approximately 40% of the N in lentil green manure was
potentially available for plant uptake.
275 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Plant-parasitic nematodes in the potato growing areas of Maine.
Huettel, R.N.; Francl, L.J.; Reise, R.W.; Meyer, S.L.F.; Henn, R.A.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1991 Jun.
American potato journal v. 68 (6): p. 345-354; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Solanum tuberosum; Rotations; Fagopyrum; Avena sativa;
Trifolium; Plant parasitic nematodes; Pratylenchus penetrans; Pratylenchus
crenatus; Meloidogyne hapla; CRiconemella; Paratylenchus; Tylenchorhynchus;
Helicotylenchus; Population density; Disease prevalence; Verticillium albo-
atrum; Verticillium dahliae
276 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4R4
Population dynamics of Hirschmanniella mucronata and H. oryzae on Sesbania
rostrata, Aeschynomene afraspera and rice cv. IR 58.
Hendro, S.M.E.; Prot, J.C.; Madamba, C.P.
Montrouge : Gauthier-Villars; 1992.
Fundamental and applied nematology v. 15 (2): p. 167-172; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Hirschmanniella mucronata; Hirschmanniella oryzae;
Population density; Sesbania; Aeschynomene; Rotations; Nematode control
277 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Population dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes on cover crops of corn and
sorghum.
McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R.N.
Lakeland, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1993 Sep.
Journal of nematology v. 25 (3): p. 446-453; 1993 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Meloidogyne
incognita; CRiconemella; Paratrichodorus; Pratylenchus; Population density;
Rotations
Abstract: Buildup of plant-parasitic nematode populations on corn (Zea mays),
soybean (Glycine max), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were compared in 1991 and
1992. Final population densities (Pf) of Meloidogyne incognita were lower
following sorghum than after soybean in both seasons, and Pf after sorghum was
lower than Pf after corn in 1992. In both seasons, Pf differed among the
sorghum cultivars used. No differences in Pf on corn, sorghum, and soybean were
observed for Criconemella spp. (a mixture of C. sphaerocephala and C. ornata)
or Paratrichodorus minor in either season. Pf levels of Pratylenchus spp. (a
mixture of P. brachyurus and P. scribneri) were greatest after corn in 1992,
but no differences with crop treatments were observed in 1991. When data from
field tests conducted with corn and sorghum during the past four seasons were
pooled, negative linear relationships between ln(Pf/Pi) and ln(Pi) were
observed for Criconemella spp. and P. minor on each crop, and for M. incognita
on corn (Pi = initial population density). Although ln(Pf/Pi) and ln(Pi) were
not related for M. incognita with pooled sorghum data, separate relationships
were derived for various sorghum cultivars. Regression equations from pooled
data were used to obtain estimates of equilibrium density and maximum
reproductive rate, and these estimates were used to construct models expressing
nematode Pf across a range of initial densities. Many of these models were
robust, encompassing a range of sites, season, crop cultivars, and planting
dates. Quadratic models derived from pooled field data provided an alternative
method for expressing Pf as a function of Pi.
278 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Population parameters and probing behavior of cowpea aphid (Homoptera:
Aphididae), on preferred and non-preferred host cover crops.
Kaaheh, W.; Dutcher, J.D.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1993 Apr.
Journal of entomological science v. 28 (2): p. 145-155; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna unguiculata; Sesbania exaltata; Indigofera hirsuta; Vicia
villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; Aphis craccivora; Fecundity;
Population density; Host preferences
279 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Potassium condition of drained sward podzolic, sandy loam, gleyey soil.
Zavalin, A.A.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1990.
Soviet agricultural sciences (2): p. 18-21; 1990. Translated from: Doklady
Vsesoyuznoi Akademii Sel'skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk Im. V.I. Lenina, No. 2, 1990,
p. 18-22. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.in europe; Rsfsr; Horizons; Nutrient balance; Potassium;
Dernopodzolic soils; Sandy loam soils; Gley soils; Rotations; Solanum
tuberosum; Hordeum vulgare; Trifolium pratense; Secale cereale; Crop yield;
Fertilizers; Application rates
280 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Potassium fertilization of doublecropped wheat and soybeans under two tillage
systems.
Evanylo, G.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 555-560; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Delaware; Maryland; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum;
Rotations; Double cropping; Coastal plain soils; Sandy soils; Coarse textured
soils; Argillic horizons; Potassium; Tillage; No-tillage; Potassium chloride;
Application rates; Application date; Temporal variation; Planting; Crop growth
stage; Crop yield; Nutrient availability; Leaching; Movement in soil; Nutrient
uptake; Soil testing; Plant analysis; Nutrient content; Precipitation; Soil
depth; Soil water content
281 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potassium in two humid tropical Ultisols under a corn and soybean cropping
system. I. Management.
Cox, F.R.; Uribe, E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 480-484; 1992 May23. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil chemistry; Plant analysis;
Potassium; Potassium fertilizers; Ultisols; Application rates; Cropping
systems; Fertilizer requirement determination; Crop yield; Humid tropics
Abstract: Sub-optimum soil K levels often limit corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean
[Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] production in humid tropical Ultisols. The objectives
of this study were to determine soil and plant critical levels of K and optimum
rates of K fertilization for corn and soybean grown in the Amazon Basin of
Peru. Two field experiments were conducted on Typic Paleudults, a loam and a
sandy loam. Five K rates, ranging from 0 to 120 kg ha-1, were broadcast and
incorporated prior to planting the first crop of a corn, corn, soybean rotation
at both sites. At the loam site, K treatments were reapplied at the end of this
rotation and three more corn crops grown. The corn stover was returned while
the soybean stover was removed. Critical exchangeable K levels for corn were
110 kg ha-1 on the loam and 90 kg ha-1 on the sandy loam, while for soybean it
was 75 kg ha-1 for both soils. The critical levels of K in plant tissue at
flowering were 13 g kg-1 in corn and 12 g kg-1 in soybean. Soybean seemed to
lower exchangeable K to where K was released from non-exchangeable sources. An
annual cropping system of corn and soybean with an intervening cover crop
during the rainy season is proposed for the region. Potassium fertilization is
recommended only prior to growing corn at kg ha-1 on a loam and 60 kg ha-1 on a
sandy loam.
282 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potassium in two humid tropical ultisols under a corn and soybean cropping
system. II. Dynamics.
Cox, F.R.; Uribe, E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 485-489; 1992 May23. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Potassium fertilizers; Zea mays; Glycine max; Application
rates; Cropping systems; Ultisols; Soil chemistry; Potassium; Dynamics; Loam
soils; Sandy loam soils; Humid tropics
Abstract: Understanding the dynamics of soil K is important for the
formulation a sound fertilizer management strategy. Two experiments were
conducted to determine the behavior of K in the soil after fertilization. Five
rates of K (0 to 120 kg ha-1) were applied to two Typic Paleudults, a loam and
a sandy loam, in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. A three-crop rotation of corn (Zea
mays L.), corn, and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was planted at each site.
Three additional crops of corn were grown at the loam site. Potassium rates
were applied only to the first crop of each three-crop cycle. The corn stover
was returned, while the soybean stover was removed. Soil samples were taken at
germination, flowering, and harvest of each crop at 20-cm depth intervals to 60
cm in the loam and 80 cm in the sandy loom. Soil K was extracted with NaHCO3,
NH4OAc, and concentrated H2SO4. Topsoil exchangeable K increased markedly with
K addition, either as fertilizer or as stover, but rapidly decreased during
cropping. Changes in the exchangeable pool were characterized with an
exponential model. Increases in exchangeable K below 20 cm were of minor
significance for the loam. For the sandy loam, however, subsoil exchangeable K
was significantly increased to 60 cm. Evidences of K fixation and release were
detected in the loam where the topsoil non-exchangeable pod peaked after K
additions and decreased during cropping. There was no evidence of fixation in
the sandy loam. These differences suggest that higher K rates can be applied to
the finer textured soils and there is less risk of loss of K from the rooting
zone.
283 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Potassium requirements for cotton following alfalfa.
Mullins, G.L.; Burmester, C.H.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. p. 484-485;
1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Medicago sativa; Potassium; Nutrient
requirements; Rotations; Nutrient availability; Crop yield
284 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potassium uptake and recovery by an upland rice-soybean rotation on an Oxisol.
Gill, D.W.; Kamprath, E.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (2): p. 329-333; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sumatra; Oryza sativa; Glycine max; Upland rice; Rotations;
Oxisols; Acid soils; Nutrient availability; Potassium fertilizers; Nutrient
removal by plants; Fertilizer requirement determinatio
Abstract: A major limitation to improved crop growth on many acid Oxisols is
low K availability. A field experiment was conducted in West Sumatra to study
the effects of K fertilization of an Oxisol under three levels of lime (0.375,
2.25 an 5 t ha-1) on K accumulation of a yearly upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)-
soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation where all above-ground residue was
removed. Six K treatments supplied 0 to 240 kg K ha-1 to each crop and lime
treatment. Potassium fertilization increased grain yields of rice and soybean
and K content of grain and stover of both crops. With both crops a large
proportion of the K was present in the stover. Liming had no effect on K
accumulation of rice grain; an inconsistent effect on K accumulation in rice
straw; and significantly increased the K content of soybean grain and stover.
Upland rice was very efficient in utilizing K applied to that crop as well as
residual soil K from previous fertilization. When K rate was greater than 100
kg ha-1 per crop appreciable amounts of K could not be accounted for indicating
that the K was lost by leaching. Increases in exchangeable K with K
fertilization only occurred in the 0- to 30-cm depth.
285 NAL Call. No.: MeUUniv. 1991 T62
Potato available nitrogen from barley/legume underseedings and reduced
tillage/ridge tillage potatoes.. PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES - 1991
Tindall, Timothy Todd, Orono, Me.,; 1991.
ix, 155 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves 148-154.
Language: English
Descriptors: Potatoes; Soils; Companion planting; Crop rotation
286 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Potato production and incidence of Verticillium dahliae following rotation to
nonhost crops and soil fumigation in the state of Washington.
Easton, G.D.; Nagle, M.E.; Seymour, M.D.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1992 Aug.
American potato journal v. 69 (8): p. 489-502; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; Disease
prevalence; Incidence; Plant disease control; Cultural control; Rotations; Soil
fumigation; Hosts of plant diseases; Triticum aestivum; Pisum sativum; Sorghum
sudanense; Crop yield; Tubers; Crop quality; Specific gravity; Inoculum density
287 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potato response to legume and fertilizer nitrogen sources.
Griffin, T.S.; Hesterman, O.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 1004-1012; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Solanum tuberosum; Rotations; Lotus corniculatus;
Trifolium pratense; Melilotus; Vicia villosa; Zea mays; Green manures; Hay;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Crop yield; Tubers; Nitrogen content;
Plant composition; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen
Abstract: Production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in rotation with an N2-
fixing legume requires better information on the N contribution from the legume
and on management of N fertilizer following a legume. Objectives of this
research were to: (i) quantify N accumulation by legumes grown as either green
manure or hay; and (ii) evaluate the vine and tuber yield response of a
subsequent potato crop to legume and fertilizer N. We established rotations at
two Michigan locations in 1987 on McBride sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed,
frigid Alfic Fragiothods) and Oshtemo sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic
Typic Hapludalfs). First-year crops included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.),
birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.) grown as both green manure (0 harvests) and bay (two or three seeding-year
harvests); non-dormant 'Nitro' alfalfa hay; sweetclover (Melilotus spp.) and
hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manures; corn (Zea mays L.); fallow; and
potato. The second-year crop was potato, fertilized with 0, 75, 150, or 225 kg
N ha-1. Plowdown N yield [PDN = fall(herbage + root)N + spring herbage N] of
legumes ranged from 33 (fall-seeded hairy vetch) to 238 kg N ha-1
(sweetclover), with the PDN yield of alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, and
spring-seeded hairy vetch generally exceeding 150 kg ha-1. Seeding-year harvest
of legumes tended to have little effect on PDN yield, compared to a green
manure crop of the same species. Potato vine dry matter and N content late in
the season were 61 to 100 and 75 to 145% higher, respectively, following
legumes than following non-legumes, but total and marketable tuber yields were
not affected by rotation at either location. Fertilizer N rate increased total
marketable, and cull tuber yield at MRF, with optimum N rates of about 120 and
170 kg ha-1 for marketable and total tuber yield, respectively. Nitrogen rate
had no effect on tuber yield at KBS, suggesting that moisture, not available N,
limited t
288 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Potential of biological and chemical control of bacterial wilt.
Hartman, G.L.; Hong, W.F.; Hanudin; Hayward, A.C.
Canberra, A.C.T. : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1985-; 1993.
ACIAR proceedings (45): p. 322-326; 1993. In the series analytic: Bacterial
wilt / edited by G.L. Hartman and A.C. Hayward. Meeting held on October
28-31, 1992, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Pseudomonas solanacearum; Wilts; Plant
disease control; Biological competition; Rhizosphere; Microbial pesticides;
Pseudomonas gladioli; Pseudomonas cepacia; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Soil
inoculation; Bactericides; Green manures; Crotalaria; Pig slurry; Inorganic
salts
289 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Potential of green manure species in recycling nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium.
Atallah, T.; Lopez-Real, J.M.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international journal v. 8 (1): p.
53-65; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Legumes; Plants; Nutrients; Recycling; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Carbon; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient
content; Dry matter accumulation; Biomass production; Growth rate; Losses from
soil systems; Cover crops; Nutrient availability
290 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Predictability of grain sorghum and maize yield grown after soybean over a
range of environments.
Clegg, M.D.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
Agricultural systems v. 39 (1): p. 25-31; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Crop yield;
Rotations; Crop production; Linear models; Continuous cropping; Predicted
difference
291 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Preplant-postemergence herbicides for legume cover-crop control in minimum
tillage systems.
Griffin, J.L.; Dabney, S.M.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (2): p.
332-336; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; No-tillage; Cover crops; Trifolium
incarnatum; Trifolium subterraneum; Vicia villosa; Chemical control; Paraquat;
Glyphosate; Herbicides; Application rates; Application date; Growth stages;
Crop yield; Grain; High volume spraying; Low volume spraying
292 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Previous legumes and N fertilizer effects on mineral concentration and uptake
by forage corn.
Pare, T.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bourassa, J.; Antoun, H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2):
p. 461-476; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Vicia faba; Glycine max; Rotations; Sequential cropping;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Nutrient availability; Nutrient
uptake; Mineral uptake; Nutrient content; Mineral content; Nitrogen content;
Nutrient nutrient interactions
293 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Producing no-till cereal or corn following alfalfa on furrow-irrigated land.
Carter, D.L.; Berg, R.D.; Sanders, B.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 174-179; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Medicago sativa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Hordeum
vulgare; Winter wheat; Cropping systems; Rotations; No-tillage; Tillage; Furrow
irrigation; Decomposition; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Nutrient availability;
Nitrate nitrogen; Leaching; Production costs; Crop yield; Returns
294 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of organic
residues.
Martens, D.A.; Johanson, J.B.; Frankenberger, W.T. Jr
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jan.
Soil science v. 153 (1): p. 53-61; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Coarse textured soils; Loam soils; Soil enzymes; Enzyme activity;
Temporal variation; Soil treatment; Poultry manure; Sewage sludge; Barley
straw; Hordeum vulgare; Medicago sativa; Green manures; Soil flora; Humus; Soil
structure; Soil physical properties; Physicochemical properties; Incorporation;
Decomposition; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle; Phosphorus; Sulfur; Cycling;
Persistence
295 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Productivity of clay tailings from phosphate mining. III. Grain crops.
Mislevy, P.; Blue, W.G.; Roessler, C.E.; Martin, F.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (4): p. 788-794; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Helianthus annuus; Sorghum bicolor; Glycine
max; Mine tailings; Phosphatic clay; Soil amendments; Crop yield; Dry matter
accumulation; Rotations; Nutrient content; Mineral content; Radium; Nutrient
availability; Forage; Grain; Protein content; In vitro digestibility
Abstract: Phosphatic clay is a waste product from the Florida phosphate mining
industry presently totaling 41000 ha. These clays contain no phytotoxic
materials, are high in most plant nutrients, and 226Ra and average about 460 g
moisture per kilogram. A split-plot field experiment was conducted to study
forage and grain yield, forage quality, plant nutrient concentrations, changes
in soil nutrients, and 226Ra contents of four grain crops in various rotations.
The crop rotations (i) corn (Zea mays L. 'Jacques 247')-sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L. 'Cargill 205'), (ii) sunflower-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.
Moench 'Northrup King Savanna 5'), (iii) soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.
'Williams 80')-grain sorghum, and (iv) grain sorghum-soybean ('University of
Florida V-1') were grown on a dry phosphatic clay with and without a 50-mm
surface layer of quartz-sand tailings. Nitrogen was the only fertilizer element
applied. Results show that corn and grain sorghum produced highest (P < 0.05)
forage yields (15.7 and 13.4 Mg ha-1) and highest grain yields (8955 and 4302
kg ha-1 per harvest, respectively. Soybean harvested for forage (Crop 1)
contained the highest crude protein (217 g kg-1) and in vitro organic matter
digestibility (736 g kg-1). Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in most of
the forages were adequate for the diets of beef cattle (Bos taurus), while
those of Mn, Cu, and Zn were low. Mehlich I-extractable soil P (1601 mg kg-1),
Ca (4696 mg kg-1), and Mg (1173 mg kg-1) were considered very high and changed
little over the 4-yr production period. Application of 50 mm of sand tailings
tended to increase (P < 0.05) Mehlich I-extractable P, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe.
Radium-226 concentration in the forage of all grain crops averaged 8.5 Bq kg-1,
which was about 17 times higher than that in the grain (0.4958 Bq kg-1) of the
same crops. Concentrations of 226Ra in the forage (8.288 Bq kg-1) and grain
(0.6771 Bq kg-1 were 1.1% and 0.09% of the concentration in clay (761 Bq kg-1
296 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Productivity, water use and nitrogen fixation of annual-legume green-manure
crops in the Dark Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan.
Townley-Smith, L.; Slinkard, A.E.; Bailey, L.D.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Rice, W.A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (1):
p. 139-148; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Vicia faba; Lens culinaris; Lathyrus tingitanus;
Medicago sativa; Pisum sativum; Nitrogen fixation; Plant water relations; Soil
water; Water use; Crop production; Dry matter accumulation; Green manures
297 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Profitability of a resource-conserving crop rotation: an analysis for a
central Kansas farm.
Herbel, K.L.; Williams, J.R.
Binghamton, NY : Food Products Press, c1990-; 1992.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 2 (4): p. 31-45; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Rotations; Returns; Profitability; Farm planning;
Agricultural policy
298 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Profitability of no-tillage corn following a hairy vetch cover crop.
Hanson, J.C.; Lichtenberg, E.; Decker, A.M.; Clark, A.J.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 432-437; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cover crops; Vicia villosa;
Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Fallow; Rotations; Comparisons; Crop yield;
Profitability
299 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Prospects for cultural and biological control of cowpea pests.
Ezueh, M.I.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (5/6): p. 585-592; 1991. Special
issue: Aspects of pest management in relation to agricultural production and
environmental conservation in Africa / edited by A.M. Alghali, N.K. Maniania,
Mbaye Ndoye, and Z.M. Nyiira. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Insect pests; Biological control;
Cultural control; Harvesting date; Natural enemies; Planting date; Parasites of
insect pests; Predators of insect pests; Weed control
Abstract: Insect pest problems on cowpeas can be reduced by use of strategies
which involve ecological manipulations. These include crop diversification
(mixed cropping, etc.), alteration or planting dates, crop rotation, trap-
cropping and weed control. The merits of these cultural methods of pest control
are discussed. The status of biological control of cowpea pests is still low
but promising. The crop is an annual and therefore offers very limited
possibilities for the application of the classical biological control
techniques. However, a large number of parasitic Hymenoptera, Diptera and
predatory Hemiptera, notably Reduviids have been identified in the cowpea
ecosystem. Ecological studies of some of these have been carried out and levels
or parasitism determined in a few cases, but their significance in the dynamics
of cowpea pest populations have not been fully established. It is however known
that conservation of parasites and predators in their wild environment is one
of the traditional biological control methods. Therefore, a rationalized
pesticide programme for the control of cowpea pests should aim at preventing
hazards to their natural enemies so as to increase their biocontrol efficiency.
300 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.A8P535
Purity study of imported leguminous cover crops.
Tasrif, A.; Sahid, I.B.; Sastroutomo, S.S.; Latiff, A.
Victoria : R.G. Richardson; 1991.
Plant protection quarterly v. 6 (4): p. 190-193; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malaysia; Oil palms; Plantations; Rubber plants; Cover crops;
Pueraria; Calopogonium caeruleum; Calopogonium mucunoides; Centrosema
pubescens; Mucuna cochinchinensis; Seed quality; Seed purity; Weeds; Seeds;
Viability; Importation
301 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Put bean fields to bed for winter.
Hofstetter, B.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Sep.
The New farm v. 13 (6): p. 34; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cover crops; Oversowing
302 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Quality effects of pulses on subsequent cereal crops in the northern prairies.
Wright, A.T.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 70 (4):
p. 1013-1021; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Vicia faba; Lens
culinaris; Pisum sativum; Rotations; Sequential cropping; Tillage; Seed
quality; Seed size; Seed weight; Kernels; Plant proteins; Chemical composition;
Nitrogen fertilizers
303 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Quantifying the nitrogen contribution from alfalfa to soil and two succeeding
crops using nitrogen-15.
Harris, G.H.; Hesterman, O.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (1): p. 129-134; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Medicago sativa; Rotations; Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare;
Nitrogen recovery; Nitrogen residual effects; Radioactive tracers; Duration;
Nitrogen content; Microbial activities; Nutrient removal by plants; Nitrogen
uptake
Abstract: With the current interest in sustainable agricultural systems, the
use of legumes is crop rotations to provide N to subsequent crops is
increasing. The objective of this study was to quantify the N contribution from
different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plant parts to a subsequent corn (Zea
mays L.) crop, various soil fractions, and a 2nd yr spring barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) crop. The study was conducted at two field locations in Michigan,
on a Capac loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf) in East Lansing
(EL) and on an Oshtemo sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludalf)
at the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) in Hickory Corners. Alfalfa shoots and
roots/crowns labeled with 15N were applied separately to microplots in Fall
1985 and Spring 1986 at a rate equivalent to 112 kg N ha-1. Corn was harvested
and soil was sampled from all microplots in Fall 1986 and analyzed for 15N.
Corn recovered 17 and 25% of the alfalfa-15N applied to the loam and sandy loam
soils at EL and KBS, respectively. Alfalfa-15N remaining in sell averaged 46%
of the initial input for both locations. Most (96%) of the alfalfa-15N
remaining in soil was recovered in the organic fraction, with microbial biomass
accounting for 18% of this recovery. More 15N was recovered by corn and in soil
from alfalfa shoots than roots/crowns at both locations, and from spring-
incorporated than fall-incorporated plant material on the loam soil. Only 1% of
the alfalfa-15N from the original application was recovered by a 2nd yr spring
barley crop at both locations.
304 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Rainfall and previous crop effects on crop yields.
Peterson, T.A.; Shapiro, C.A.; Flowerday, A.D.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 33-37; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Rain; Crop yield;
Rotations; Nitrogen fertilizers
305 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Rates of increase and probing behavior of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera:
Aphididae) on preferred and nonpreferred host cover crops.
Kaakeh, W.; Dutcher, J.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 22 (5): p. 1016-1021; 1993 Oct. 1.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Acyrthosiphon pisum; Feeding behavior; Population
growth; Host preferences
Abstract: Developmental time, fecundity, nymphal mortality, generation time,
intrinsic and finite rates of increase, and days for population to double were
compared for pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, feeding on cover crop
seedlings of sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Rafinesque-Schmaltz) Cory; cowpea,
Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walpers; hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta L.; hairy
vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.; or cereal
rye, Secale cereale L. The study was conducted under constant temperatures (15,
20, 25, and 30 degrees C) in the laboratory. A. pisum had the shortest
developmental, prereproductive, and generation times on V. villosa and T.
incarnatum, followed by V. unguiculata. However, A. pisum had higher mean total
fecundity, fecundity rate, and intrinsic and finite rates of increase on V.
villosa and T. incarnatum than on other cover crops evaluated. Differences in
life parameters of A. pisum were detected on the same plant species exposed to
different temperatures. Probing behavior of individual A. pisum differed on
various cover crops. Mean probe duration was longer on S. exaltata and I.
hirsuta, whereas the time to start the first probe, the number of probes per 6-
min observation period, and nonprobing duration were shorter on V. villosa and
T. incarnatum than on other plant species evaluated.
306 NAL Call. No.: KyUThesis 1992 Zourarakis
Recovery and residuality of applied N in a corn/soft red winter wheat/double-
crop soybean rotation grown on a well drained soil.. Recovery and residuality
of applied N in a corn soft red winter wheat double crop soyben rotation grown
in a well drained soil
Zourarakis, Demetrio Periferachis, 1992; 1992.
xx, 277 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita and abstract. Includes
bibliographic references (l. 248-275).
Language: English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Leaching; Nitrogen fertilizers
307 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Red rice (Oryza sativa) control options in soybeans (Glycine max).
Griffin, J.L.; Harger, T.J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
35-38; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Herbicide recommendations; Chemical
control; Oryza sativa; Biotypes; Herbicide rates; Alachlor; Bentazon;
Fluazifop; Metolachlor; Herbicides; Rotations; Crop yield; Herbicide mixtures
308 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Reduced chemical input cropping systems in the southeastern United States. I.
Effect of rotations, green manure crops and nitrogen fertilizer on crop yields.
King, L.D.; Buchanan, M.
Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1993.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 58-77; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Southeastern states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Rotations; Green manures;
Crop yield; Cropping systems; Crop management; Agricultural regions;
Agricultural chemicals; Farm inputs; Legumes; Weed control; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Substitution
Abstract: Interest in reducing purchased chemical inputs to reduce production
costs and avoid possible environmental damage prompted this 7-year study. Two
management systems, current management practices (CMP) and reduced chemical
inputs (RCI), were evaluated for four crop sequences from 1985 through 1992:
continuous grain sorghum; continuous corn; a 2-year rotation of corn and
double-cropped winter wheat and soybean; and a 4-year rotation of corn, winter
wheat/soybean, corn, and red clover hay changed in 1989 to a 3-year rotation of
corn, red clover hay, and wheat/soybean). No-till planting and recommended
rates of fertilizer and pesticides were used in the CMP system. In the RCI
system, N was supplied by a crimson clover green manure crop or the red clover
in the rotation. Weed control was by chisel plowing, disking, and cultivation.
Crimson clover top growth accumulated from 70 to 180 kg N/ha, red clover from
77 to 130 kg N/ha. Rotating crops increased corn yield with CMP but not with
RCI. In years, cornyields were low (less than 3000 kg/ha), corn did not respond
to fertilizer N, and yields generally were higher with CMP than with RCI. With
adequate rain, yield of all RCI treatments were the same as yield in CMP
continuous corn receiving no fertilizer N. Johnsongrass competition was the
main reason for low yields in the RCI treatments. Soybean yields were higher
with CMP in 4 years and higher with RCI one year. Wheat and grain sorghum
yields were higher with CMP than with RCI. A dramatic decline in johnsongrass
in sorghum was noted in 1989, and several plots remained relatively free of
johnsongrass through 1992. Management decisions made during the experiment
included the degree of input reduction in RCI; whether to either end or modify
unproductive treatments; whether to use newly available varieties and
pesticides; whether to suspend the experiment to eliminate johnson and how to
add new treatments while retaining the original treatments.
309 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4M
A reduced input approach to cabbage production: managing erosion, fertility,
and pests.
Roberts, B.W.; Cartwright, B.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1990 Mar.
Research report P - Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (911): 15 p.; 1990
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Cultivation methods;
Cover crops; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; Nitrogen fertilizers; Insect pests;
Crop damage; Insect control; Yield response functions; Insecticide application;
Erosion control
310 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Reduction in black root rot of cotton and the blackroot rot pathogen
Thielaviopsis basicola by hairy vetch.
Kendig, S.M.; Rothrock, C.S.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 May.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station v. 40 (3): p.
8-9; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium; Thielaviopsis basicola; Vicia villosa; Cover
crops
311 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
The relationship between incidence of infection by the take-all fungus
(Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), rainfall and yield of wheat in South
Australia.
Roget, D.K.; Rovira, A.D.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1991.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 509-513; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Triticum aestivum; Gaeumannomyces graminis;
Incidence; Interactions; Pisum sativum; Rain; Rotations; Sandy soils;
Calcareous soils; Mathematical models; Yield losses
312 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Relationship of soil microbial biomass and activity with fertilization practice
and crop yield of three ultisols.
Insam, H.; Mitchell, C.C.; Dormaar, J.F.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (5): p. 459-464; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Soil flora; Glycine max; Ultisols; Soil organic matter;
Biomass; Respiration; Microbial activities; Soil fertility; Rotations; Carbon
cycle; Crop yield; Correlation; Physicochemical properties
Abstract: The relationships of crop yield with soil factors such as microbial
biomass (Cmic,), basal respiration, microbial biomass-to-organic C (Cmic:Corg)
ratio, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were investigated in three long-term field
experiments in Alabama. On all three sites soybean (Glycine max L.) yield was
significantly correlated with Cmic (r = 0.77). On the Auburn and Brewton sites,
there were positive correlations of Cmic with the yields of sorghum, rye and
corn. Only in a few cases, soil nutrient contents (N, P, K) were significantly
correlated with Cmic. The Cmic:Corg ratio increased with crop yield. The data
suggest that part of the variability of Cmic and the Cmic:Corg ratio which to a
great extent are determined by the climatic conditions at a certain site, may
be explained with differences in crop yield. These may in turn be caused by
mineral fertilization. No relationship was found between basal respiration and
soybean yield. However, the qCO2 was negatively correlated with soybean yield
(r = -0.78) on all sites. This has important implications on agriculture: if
more C is lost by respiration at less C input, more care must be taken to
maintain organic C contents.
313 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Relative nitrogen utilization by legume cover crop species at three soil
temperatures.
Power, J.F.; Zachariassen, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 85 (1): p. 134-140; 1993 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Vicia faba; Vicia villosa; Melilotus alba; Trifolium
repens; Trifolium incarnatum; Glycine max; Lespedeza stipulacea; Pisum sativum;
Characterization; Nutrient uptake; Water use; Edaphic factors; Soil temperature
Abstract: When selecting a legume cover crop, one should know relative N-
fixing and N uptake capabilities, as well as growth and water use
characteristics, to identify the species best adapted to the growth period and
soil temperatures (season) during which the cover crop is grown. We provide
information on these characteristics for eight inoculated legume species at
soil temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 degrees C. Plants were grown in constant-
temperature water baths in a greenhouse for 105 d after establishment in 1.1 kg
of Alliance silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic, Aridic Argiustoll) per pot.
Plant samples were taken every 21 d for determinations of dry weight, total N
uptake, and N2 fixed (isotope dilution method). Water use was measured daily by
weighing. Total N uptake and N2 fixation were usually greatest for large-seeded
annual species during the first 42 to 63 d of the experiment. At 10 degrees C
total N uptake and N2 fixation were greatest for hairy vetch (HV), Vicia
villosa Roth and faba bean (FB), Vicia faba L. At later sampling dates, N
uptake and fixation for white clover (WC), Trifolium repens L., was also
relatively high. At 20 degrees C, soybean (SB), [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
exhibited outstanding growth and N uptake throughout the 105 d. For the first
42 d, FB performance also was superior to other species. At 30 degrees C, N
uptake and fixation by SB was more than double that of any other species at all
sampling dates. Quantity of N2 fixed per unit water used was greatest at 10
degrees C for WC, followed closely by HV and field pea (FP) Pisum sativum L.;
at 20 degrees C, SB followed by WC and lespedeza (LD), Lespedeza stipulacea
Maxim.; and at 30 degrees C, LD followed by SB. Our results suggest that under
many situations (early spring) some grain legumes, such as SB and FB, may be a
better cover crop than many species commonly used.
314 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
The release and plant uptake of nitrogen from some plant and animal manures.
Rees, R.M.; Yan, L.; Ferguson, M.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (4): p. 285-293; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium perenne; Triticum aestivum;
Animal manures; Green manures; Interactions; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Nutrient
uptake; Pisum sativum
315 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Release of nitrogen during decomposition of legume tree leaves.
Hussain, A.; Ranjha, A.M.; Sharar, M.S.; Ghaffar, A.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological
Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 51-53; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixing trees; Leaves; Green
manures; Soil amendments; Crop yield; Decomposition; Nitrogen; Nutrient
availability
316 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Reseeding, biomass, and nitrogen content of selected winter legumes in grain
sorghum culture.
Boquet, D.J.; Dabney, S.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 144-148; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Winter; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum;
Trifolium alexandrinum; Trifolium vesiculosum; Trifolium subterraneum; Vicia;
Cultivars; Seeds; Seed dispersal; Natural regeneration; Biomass; Growth rate;
Nitrogen content
Abstract: Winter legumes as green manure crops in grain sorghum, Sorghum
bicolor L. Moench, production on clay soils in the southern USA would be
facilitated by increased knowledge of growth responses and reseeding capability
of legume cultivars. This study evaluated 'Tibbee' crimson, Trifolium
incarnatum L.; 'Bigbee' berseem, T. alexandrinum L.: 'Yuchi' arrowleaf, T.
vesiculosum Savi.; and 'Woogenellup' subterranean, T. subterraneum L. clovers
and 'Woodford' big flower vetch, Vicia grandiflora Scop., for reseeding,
biomass and N content at seven growth termination dates (GTD): 20 and 31 March,
10 and 21 April and 1, 13, and 22 May 1986. The field experiment was initially
planted on 15 Oct. 1985 on a Mhoon silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid,
thermic, Typic Fluvaquents). No legume was able to reseed the first year when
the GTD was on or before 10 April. Crimson and subterranean clover and big
flower vetch successfully reseeded at a GTD of 21 April. Berseem clover did not
reseed unless the GTD was as late as 13 May, and arrowleaf clover did not
reseed at any GTD. The legumes that reseeded the first year also reseeded a
second year. Maximum biomass:N (kg ha-1) accumulation was 5500:150 for crimson;
6550:190 for berseem; 6350:152 for subterranean; 6300:203 for arrowleaf
clovers; and 2700:80 for big flower vetch. Maximum biomass and N accumulation
occurred by the date of reseeding for all five legumes; thus, growth of these
legumes need not extend beyond this date to realize all of the green manure
benefits. Nitrogen content of all legumes, except big flower vetch, was
theoretically sufficient to meet the requirements of a grain sorghum crop
without additional N fertilizer.
317 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Reseeding potential of crimson clover as a cover crop for no-tillage corn.
Myers, J.L.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 985-991; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Cover crops; No-tillage; Trifolium
incarnatum; Reproductive performance; Seeds; Volunteer plants; Crop
establishment; Resowing; Seed germination; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application
rates; Crop yield; Grain; Maize silage; Nitrogen content; Nutrient uptake; Dry
matter accumulation
Abstract: Leguminous cover crops can provide biologically fixed N to a
subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop as well as erosion control and moisture
conserving mulch, but establishment is costly and often unsuccessful. A field
experiment was conducted for 3 yr to determine the self-reseeding potential of
crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and its N contribution in a no-tillage
corn production system. Four cover crop management treatments (fallow, annual-
seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and volunteer strip-reseeded) were combined
factorially with four fertilizer-N rates (0, 50, 100, or 150 kg ha-1) applied
to the subsequent corn crop. The annual-seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and
volunteer strip-reseeded clover treatments were desiccated at corn planting.
Averaged over 3 yr, crimson clover dry matter was 2.6, 4.2, and 3.5 Mg ha-1 for
the annual-seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and strip-reseeded treatments,
respectively. In 1988 and 1989, cover crop treatments produced mean corn grain
yields of 6.0 and 6.1 Mg ha-1 compared to fallow treatment yields of 3.4 and
4.0 Mg ha-1, respectively. This same pattern was reflected in the silage yields
and total corn N uptake. Corn grain yields were unaffected by fertilizer-N rate
in two out of 3 yr due to limited rainfall. Both self-reseeding treatments
successfully reestablished each year and increased corn yields primarily by a
mulching effect. Allowing crimson clover to mature before chemical desiccation
or leaving strips between corn rows to produce seed appear to be effective
methods of reseeding clover in a no-tillage corn silage production system.
318 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Residual effects of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron on spring-sown rotational
crops.
Friesen, G.H.; Wall, D.A.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 280-283; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manitoba; Zea mays; Fagopyrum esculentum; Brassica napus; Linum
usitatissimum; Pisum sativum; Helianthus annuus; Lens culinaris; Rotations;
Persistence; Herbicide residues; Phytotoxicity; Chlorsulfuron; Triasulfuron;
Clay loam soils; Sandy loam soils; Soil texture; Soil organic matter; Soil ph
Abstract: Response of flax, canola, field pea, sunflower, field corn, lentils,
and common buckwheat to soil residues of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron applied
at 22 g ai ha-1 was determined on two soil types at Morden, Manitoba. On a fine
sandy loam with a pH of 7.4 and 4.5% organic matter, the length of time
required before crops showed no phytotoxicity from CGA-131036 residues was:
sunflower 4 yr; canola and common buckwheat 3 yr; flax 2 yr; field pea and
field corn 1 yr. On a clay loam with a pH of 6.5 and 5.3% organic matter, the
corresponding duration was: lentil, canola, and sunflower 3 yr; flax and field
pea 1 yr. Chlorsulfuron residues persisted somewhat longer than CGA-131036
residues on the sandy loam but not on the clay loam.
319 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Residual effects of faba bean and soybean for a second or third succeeding
forage-corn production.
Pare, T.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bourassa, J.; Antoun, H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2):
p. 495-507; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Vicia faba; Glycine max; Rotations; Sequential cropping;
Ammonium nitrate; Application rates; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen content; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Nitrogen
320 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Residual effects of interseeded hairy vetch on soil nitrate-nitrogen levels.
Brown, R.E.; Varvel, G.E.; Shapiro, C.A.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (1): p. 121-124; 1993 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Cabt; Zea mays; Vicia villosa; Cover crops; Residual
effects; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates; No-tillage; Tillage; Nitrate
nitrogen; Surface layers; Seasonal fluctuations; Nitrogen; Mineralization;
Immobilization; Soil water content
Abstract: Increased use of winter legume cover crops has renewed interest in
legume N mineralization patterns. This study was conducted to monitor the
residual effect of a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop and fertilizer
N on surface soil NO3-N concentration in no-till and conventional-till corn
(Zea mays L.) in northeastern Nebraska on a Nora silty clay loam (fine-silty,
mixed, mesic Udic Halplustoll). The experimental design was a split-split-split
plot with three replicates. Main plots of conventional tillage and no-till were
split into 0, 67, and 134 kg N ha-1 with and without hairy vetch. Soil samples
were taken from the 0- to 7.5- and 7.5- to 15-cm depths five times during the
1987 growing season and three times in 1988. Inclusion of a hairy vetch cover
crop interseeded during the previous growing season increased soil NO3-N
concentration in the surface 7.5 cm between 50 and 64 d after corn planting and
in the 7.5- to 15-cm soil layer between 50 and 78 d after corn planting during
1987. In 1988 (a dry growing season), hairy vetch did not significantly
increase soil NO3-N concentration in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil layer at any
sampling time, but did increase soil NO3-N concentration in the 7.5- to 15-cm
depth 103 d after planting. This increase in soil NO3-N concentration occurred
in hairy vetch plots after silking, which probably resulted in the additional N
not being available for plant growth in 1988. Increased available N resulting
from a legume cover crop like hairy vetch may be beneficial in N management
programs in lower rainfall areas of the USA when amounts of precipitation are
adequate for plant growth and N mineralization.
321 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Residual soil nitrogen as affected by continuous, two-year, and four-year crop
rotation systems.
Varvel, G.E.; Peterson, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 958-962; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Zea mays; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Avena sativa;
Melilotus officinalis; Trifolium pratense; Rotations; Sequential cropping;
Continuous cropping; Monoculture; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient requirements;
Application rates; Residual effects; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen;
Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Losses from soil systems; Crop yield; Grain
Abstract: Crop rotation systems may reduce inorganic N fertilizer needs
because of increased N mineralization, but if that N is mineralized either too
early or too late with respect to crop needs, it can also be susceptible to
leaching. These concerns prompted an investigation of a long-term field study
at Mead, NE on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillinitic, mesic,
Typic Argiudoll) to determine effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer
application on residual inorganic N levels to a depth of 150 cm after 4 yr. The
study included continuous corn (Zea mays L.), continuous soybean [Glycine max
(L.) Merr.], continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.],
corn/soybean and grain sorghum/soybean 2-yr rotations, and corn/oat [Avena
sativa (L.)] + clover (80% yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]
+ 20% red clover [trifolium pratense])/grain sorghum/soybean and
corn/soybean/grain sorghum/oat + clover 4-yr rotations with three rates of N
fertilizer application. High N application resulted in greater residual NO3-N
concentrations for the continuous corn and grain sorghum systems than in any of
the other cropping systems to a depth of 150 cm. Residual NO3-N concentrations
were low (<4 mg kg-1 at depths below 30 cm) at all N application rates in
continuous soybean and 2- and 4-yr cropping systems. Nitrogen removal by grain
accounted for 50% of the applied N in continuous corn and grain sorghum systems
at the low N application rate, but only 20 to 30% of the applied N at the high
rate. Likewise, only 20 to 30% of the applied N was accounted for by N removal
in the rotation systems at either N application rate. Indirect results from our
study suggest immobilization by crop residues and soil organic matter, not
leaching, is probably most responsible for apparent N losses in these cropping
systems. Although the mechanisms were not specifically identified, our results
do show that crop rotations can reduce inorganic N fertilizer needs and at the
same time
322 NAL Call. No.: SB87.A82W4 no.49
Residual value of superphosphate and queensland rock phosphate measured using
yields of serradella, burr medic and subterranean clover grown in rotation with
wheat, and bicarbonate-extractable soil phosphorus.
Bolland, M. D. A.
South Perth, W.A. : Division of Plant Industries, Dept. of Agriculture,; 1992.
33 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Technical report (Western Australia. Division of Plant
Industries) ; no. 49.). April, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (p.
19-20).
Language: English
323 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Residual value of superphosphate for wheat and lupin grain production on a
uniform yellow sandplain soil.
Bolland, M.D.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jun.
Fertilizer research v. 31 (3): p. 331-340; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Lupins; Superphosphates; Soil analysis; Crop
production
Abstract: In a field experiment on a sandplain soil in a low rainfall (326 mm
per annum) Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, the
effectiveness of superphosphate applied in 1986 was measured in three
subsequent years relative to freshly-applied superphosphate each year, using
grain (seed) yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lupins (Lupinus
angustifolius). The wheat and lupins were grown in rotation and both crops were
grown each year starting in 1986. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus was determined
on soil samples taken in mid June from where the P treatment was applied in
1986 only. These soil test values were related to the grain yields produced
that year. For each level of superphosphate applied in 1986, soil test values
decreased with increasing time from application. The relationship between grain
yield and soil test values had the same general form within each year for both
plant species, but varied between years. For both species, the effectiveness of
superphosphate decreased by about 70-80% between the year of application and
the first and second years after application, and by a further approximate 10%
in the third year. The relationship between grain yield and the level of
superphosphate applied became sigmoidal by 1989.
324 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Response of corn hybrids to nitrogen management and environment.
Anderson, I.C.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1992 Jan.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1467): p. 44-47;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Cultivars; Nitrogen; Fertilizers; Rotations;
Glycine max; Crop yield
325 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Response of different sources of nitrogen fixing green manures on yield of
paddy-wheat at Tarhara during 1988-89.
Chaudhary, S.L.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological
Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 48-50; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nepal; Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum; Leguminosae; Nitrogen
fixation; Green manures; Crop yield
326 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Response of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown
in rotation to clomazone, imazethapyr, bentazon, and acifluorfen.
Renner, K.A.; Powell, G.E.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Jan.
Weed science v. 40 (1): p. 127-133; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Rotations; Triticum aestivum; Weed control;
Chemical control; Clomazone; Imazethapyr; Bentazone; Acifluorfen; Application
rates; Chloramben; Eptc; Metolachlor; Pendimethalin; Phytotoxicity; Herbicide
residues; Residual effects; Herbicide mixtures; Crop damage; Crop yield;
Preplanting treatment; Application date; Timing; Seedling emergence
Abstract: The response of 'C-20' navy bean and 'Frankenmuth' soft white winter
wheat grown in rotation to clomazone, imazethapyr, bentazon, and acifluorfen
was examined. Clomazone at 560 and 430 g ai ha-1 plus 800 g ai ha-1
pendimethalin and 2000 g ai ha-1 chloramben visibly injured navy bean in 1 of 2
yr. However, navy bean seed moisture at harvest and yield was not reduced
compared to the weed-free control. PPI and PRE treatments of 70 g ai ha-1
imazethapyr did not injure navy bean or reduce yield. Imazethapyr applied POST
at 70 g ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant visibly injured navy bean. The addition
of urea ammonium nitrate to imazethapyr enhanced visible injury and seed
moisture compared to nonionic surfactant alone in 1 of 2 yr. However, seed
yield was not reduced. Seed moisture at harvest was greater following treatment
with 430 g ai ha-1 acifluorfen plus nonionic surfactant or urea ammonium
nitrate and 140 and 280 g ha-1 acifluorfen plus 840 g ai ha-1 bentazon in 1 of
2 yr compared to the weed-free control, but yield was not reduced. Wheat yield
was reduced in 2 of 2 and 1 of 2 yr by 560 g ha-1 and 430 g ha-1 clomazone,
respectively, plus pendimethalin plus chloramben compared to the weed-free
control. Wheat yield was not reduced by imazethapyr, bentazon, or acifluorfen.
327 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Response of rainfed lowland rice to green manuring with Sesbania rostrata.
Manguiat, I.J.; Guinto, D.F.; Perez, A.S.; Pintor, R.M.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 73-77; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Green manures; Sesbania; Yield
components
328 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Response of Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes to nitrogen fertilizer in two
cropping systems.
Porter, G.A.; Sisson, J.A.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1991 Jul.
American potato journal v. 68 (7): p. 425-443; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Rotations; Trifolium pratense; Avena sativa; Triticum
aestivum; Fertility; Nitrogen content; Soil fertility; Crop yield; Tubers;
Size; Crop quality; Specific gravity; Varietal reactions; Fertilizer
requirement determination
329 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Response of sorghum-sudangrass to soil amended with alfalfa or red clover
tissues.
Sheldon, R.J.; Johnson, K.D.; Turco, R.F.; Volenec, J.J.
Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 83-86; 1991. Meeting
held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Hybrids; Green manures; Medicago sativa; Trifolium
pratense; Crop yield; Nitrogen content; Nutrient uptake
330 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Response of weed to tillage and cover crop residue.
Teasdale, J.R.; Beste, C.E.; Potts, W.E.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 195-199; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; Cover crops;
Plant residues; No-tillage; Plowing; Weeds; Population density; Mollugo
verticillata; Chenopodium album; Eleusine indica; Digitaria sanguinalis;
Eragrostis cilianensis; Cultural weed control
Abstract: Total weed density increased after 1 yr of no-tillage and after 2 yr
of conventional tillage in a 4-yr experiment with repeated assignment of the
same treatment to the same plots. Large crabgrass, goosegrass, and carpetweed
densities were higher in the no-tillage compared with the conventional-tillage
treatment in at least 1 yr whereas common lambsquarters density was greater in
the conventional-tillage treatment the last year of the experiment. Within the
no-tillage treatment, rye or hairy vetch residue reduced total weed density an
average of 78% compared to the treatment without cover crop when cover crop
biomass exceeded 300 g m-2 and when residue covered more than 90% of the soil.
Goosegrass, stinkgrass, and carpetweed densities were reduced by cover crop
residue in at least 1 yr whereas large crabgrass was unaffected. Common
lambsquarters density increased where rye was grown as a cover crop prior to
conventional tillage. Despite differences in weed density among treatments,
weed biomass was equivalent in all.
331 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Risk analysis of nitrogen fertilization rates for corn and soybeans.
Williams, J.R.; Maddux, L.D.; Barnes, P.L.; Rowell, C.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 226-232; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Zea mays; Glycine max; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application
rates; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Crop yield; Returns; Variation; Risk;
Incentives; Profitability; Irrigated conditions
332 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
Risk and sustainable agriculture: a target-motad analysis of the 92-year "old
rotation".
Novak, J.L.; Mitchell, C.C. Jr; Crews, J.R.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1990 Jul.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern Agricultural Economics
Association v. 22 (1): p. 145-153; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium; Maize; Leguminosae; Glycine max; Secale
cereale; Nitrogen fertilizers; Rotations; Agricultural research; Risks; Farm
results; Returns; Optimization; Motad; Econometric models; University research
Abstract: Target-MOTAD was used to assess the risks and returns of sustainable
cotton crop rotations from Auburn University's 92-year "Old Rotation." Study
results analyze rotations of continuous cotton, with and without winter
legumes; two years of cotton-winter legumes-corn, with and without nitrogen
fertilization; and three years of cotton-winter legumes-corn and rye-soybeans
double-cropped. Ten years of observations on deviations from target income were
used to identify optimal sustainable rotation(s). Study results suggest that
diversification in rotations, as well as in crops, results in the least risk
for a given level of target income.
333 NAL Call. No.: 464.9 C16S
Root lesion and root-knot nematodes associated with crops grown in rotation
with carrots on Prince Edward Island.
Diamond, J.; Kimpinski, J.; Gallant, C.E.
Ottawa : Research Branch, Agriculture Canada; 1991.
Canadian plant disease survey v. 71 (1): p. 13-15; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Daucus carota; Rotations; Hosts of plant
pests; Trifolium pratense; Phleum pratense; Solanum tuberosum; Triticum
aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium multiflorum; Brassica napus var.
napobrassica; Avena sativa; Pratylenchus penetrans; Meloidogyne hapla; Plant
parasitic nematodes; Population density; Disease surveys; Mixed infections;
Roots; Nematode control; Cultural control
334 NAL Call. No.: 100 Al1H
Rotating soybean cultivars maintains yields.
Edwards, J.H.; Weaver, D.B.; Thurlow, D.L.; Eason, J.T.
Auburn, Ala. : Agricultural Experiment Station of Auburn University, 1954-;
1993.
Highlights of agricultural research v. 40 (2): p. 15; 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Cabt; Glycine max; Cultivars; Rotations; Crop yield; Pest
resistance; Nematoda
335 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3)
Rotation and tillage influences on yield and soil moisture.
Rickerl, D.H.; Sorensen, D.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991.
TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (97): 2 p.
(soil PR 90-25); 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Tillage; Rotations; Yield
response functions
336 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Rotational cropping sequence affects yield of corn and soybean.
Crookston, R.K.; Kurle, J.E.; Copeland, P.J.; Ford, J.H.; Lueschen, W.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 108-113; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Monoculture;
Cultivars; Sequential cropping; Continuous cropping; Crop yield; Grain; Growth
rate; Crop growth stage; Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: There are numerous reports of the beneficial effects of rotating
corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. However, few studies
have been specifically designed to document the important corn-soybean rotation
effect. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of various corn
and soybean cropping patterns on the yield of both crops. The 9-year field
study conducted at two locations was managed for maximum production. Cropping
sequences consisted of: continuous monoculture with the same cultivar;
continuous monoculture with cultivars alternated; annual rotation of the two
crops; and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yr of monoculture following 5 yr of the other
crop. Annually rotated corn yielded 10% better, and first-year corn yielded 15%
better than corn under monoculture. Annually rotated soybean yielded 8% better,
and first year soybean yielded 17% better than soybean under monoculture. With
monoculture of either crop, alternating two different cultivars annually
resulted in the same yield as continuous cropping of just one cultivar. There
were differences in the response of the two crops to increasing years of
monoculture: the lowest corn yield was from second year corn; the lowest
soybean yield was from extended monoculture. Total corn dry weight was affected
by cropping sequence but soybean dry weight was not. Our data suggest that,
from a yield standpoint a superior cropping sequence for Minnesota would
include at least three, and possibly more crops.
337 NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (3)
Rotational crops research.
Habetz, R.J.
Crowley, La. : The Station; 1991.
Annual research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (83rd): p.
276; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Hibiscus cannabinus; Sorghum bicolor;
Triticum aestivum; Rotations
338 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Rotations of bahiagrass and castorbean with peanut for the management of
Meloidogyne arenaria.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.R.; Weaver, C.F.; Wells, L.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 658-661; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Ricinus communis; Paspalum notatum;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Corticium rolfsii; Rotations; Aldicarb; Pest management
Abstract: The relative value of 'Hale' castorbean (Ricinus communis) and
'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) as rotational crops for the
management of Meloidogyne arenaria and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in
'Florunner' peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production was studied for 3 years in a
field experiment in southeast Alabama. Peanut following 2 years of castorbean
(C-C-P) yielded 43% higher than monocultured peanut without nematicide. At-
plant application of aldicarb (30.5 g a.i./100 m row in a 20-cm-wide band) to
monocultured peanut resulted in an average 38.9% increase in yield over the 3
years of the experiment. Peanut yield following 2 years of bahiagrass (B-B-P)
was 36% higher than monocultured peanut without nematicide. Aldicarb
application had no effect on southern blight, but both C-C-P and B-B-P
rotations reduced the incidence of the disease in peanut. Juvenile populations
of M. arenaria in soil at peanut harvest time were lower in plots with C-C-P
than in those with the B-B-P rotation, and both rotations resulted in lower
numbers of juveniles in soil than in the untreated monocultured peanut.
339 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Rotations of soybean with tropical corn and sorghum for the management of
nematodes.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Weaver, D.B.; Robertson, D.G.; Weaver, C.F.; Carden, E.L.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 662-667; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Meloidogyne
arenaria; Heterodera glycines; Rotations; Aldicarb; Crop yield
Abstract: The relative efficacy of rotations of soybean with sorghum and
tropical corn for nematode management was studied for 2 years in a field
infested with root-knot (Meloidogyne arenaria) and soybean cyst (Heterodera
glycines, race 14) nematodes. Corn, sorghum, and soybean cv. Kirby were planted
in 1989, and in 1990 the same areas were planted with seven soybean cultivars
with and without at-plant application of aldicarb. Corn and sorghum did not
support H. glycines, but significant juvenile populations of the nematode in
soil were associated with Kirby soybean. Numbers of H. glycines and M. arenaria
juveniles in 1990 depended on cultivar and cropping system but were little
affected by nematicide treatment. Lowest numbers of H. glycines juveniles were
associated with Leflore soybean and the corn-soybean rotation. Numbers of M.
arenaria juveniles were highest with Leflore and lowest with Braxton and Brim
soybean. The sorghum-soybean rotation resulted in slightly higher numbers of M.
arenaria juvenile populations than soybean monoculture or the corn-soybean
rotation. Aldicarb increased yields of some cultivars, but its use was not
justified economically. Yields of all cultivars were from 19-287% higher in
rotation systems than in monoculture.
340 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Rotations of soybean with two tropical legumes for the management of nematode
problems.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Weaver, D.B.; Robertson, D.G.; Young, R.W.; Carden, E.L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1990 Dec.
Nematropica v. 20 (2): p. 101-110; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Aeschynomene Americana; Indigofera hirsuta;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Heterodera glycines; Nematode control; Rotations;
Cultivars; Crop yield
341 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Rye or crimson clover and N fertilizer management to optimize corn ear leaf
area, dry weight, and N concentration.
Henderson, A.B.; Gallaher, R.N.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1992.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of
Florida (92-05): 19 p.; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Leaf area; Cover crops; Tillage; Soil management; Nitrogen
content; Dry matter
342 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Sclerotinia on peas: implications for yield and crop rotation.
Davis, J.M.L.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists; 1991.
Aspects of applied biology (27): p. 351-354; 1991. In the series analytic:
Production and protection of legumes / edited by R.J. Froud-Williams, P.
Gladders, M.C. Heath, J.F. Jenkyn, C.M. Knott, A. Lane and D. Pink. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Pisum sativum; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Fungus control;
Iprodione; Rotations; Crop yield
343 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Screening cover crops for use in conservation tillage systems for vegetables
following spring plowing.
Nelson, W.A.; Kahn, B.A.; Roberts, B.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1991 Jul.
HortScience v. 26 (7): p. 860-862; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cover crops; Screening; Conservation tillage;
Vegetables; Cultivation; Herbicides; Treatment
Abstract: Several prospective cover crops were sown into 1-m2 monoculture
plots on 9 Mar. 1987 and 10 Mar. 1988 at Bixby, Okla., and on 14 Mar. 1988 at
Lane, Okla., after sites were plowed and fitted. Densities and dry weights of
cover crops and weeds were determined in late April or early May of both years.
Plots also were evaluated for degree of kill by glyphosate in 1988. Fourteen
cover crops were screened at Bixby in 1987. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis
L.) and three fescues Festuca rubra L., Festuca rubra L. var. commutata Gaud.-
Beaup., and Festuca elatior L.) were eliminated from further consideration due
to inadequate cover density and inability to suppress weeds. Screenings of the
10 remaining covers were conducted at both locations in 1988. Annual ryegrass
(Lolium multiflorum L.) and three small grains [rye (Secale cereale L.), barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)] were the most promising
cover crops with respect to cover density, competitiveness against weeds, and
degree of kill by glyphosate. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and
hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were the most promising legumes, but they
generally were less satisfactory than the grassy covers in all tested aspects.
A single application of glyphosate was ineffective in killing hairy vetch at
both locations. Chemical name used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate).
344 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Seasonal fluctuations in soil microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus nand
activity in no-till and reduced-chemical-input maize agroecosystems.
Buchanan, M.; King, L.D.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992 Aug.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 13 (4): p. 211-217; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Soil biology; Biomass; Carbon; Legumes;
Microbial activities; No-tillage; Phosphorus; Rotations
345 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Seasonal microbial biomass dynamics after addition of lentil and wheat
residues.
Bremer, E.; Van Kessel, C.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1141-1146; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Soil flora; Biomass; Biological activity in soil;
Crop residues; Lentils; Green manures; Wheat; Straw; Straw incorporation;
Carbon; Nitrogen; Assimilation; Seasonal fluctuations
Abstract: The dynamics of soil microbial biomass after the addition of plant
residues have a considerable influence on nutrient availability for plants, and
can be quantified using the chloroform-fumigation-extraction method. The
dynamics of microbial C and N following addition of 14C- and 15N-labeled lentil
(Lens culinaris Medik.) green manure, lentil straw, and wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) straw were investigated under field conditions at a site located
at Outlook, Saskatchewan, on a Bradwell sandy loam (Typic Boroll). Plant
residues were incorporated into microplots on 5 Oct. 1988, and the fraction of
added 14C and 15-N in microbial biomass was determined on four dates during the
1989 growing season. Maximum levels of labeled and unlabeled microbial biomass
were observed at the time of planting (8 May) in 1989. Of added 14C, 26 and 15%
was in the microbial biomass in the green manure and straw treatments,
respectively, on 8 May; greater microbial accumulation of green-manure 14C was
due to a higher proportion of 14C being available rather than to a higher
efficiency of 14C assimilation. Microbial 15N accounted for 65 to 81% of added
residue 15N on 8 May. Plant-residue 15N was readily available to decomposer
microorganisms from all residue types, whereas 14C was more available from
green manure than straw. During the 1989 growing season, microbial 14C declined
by 51 and 400/c in the green manure and straw treatments, respectively, while
microbial 15N declined by 54% in all treatments. The decline in microbial 15N
during the 1989 growing season was approximately five times greater than the
amount of 15N mineralized in all sampling periods except the first for the
green-manure treatment. The highest levels of labeled and unlabeled microbial
biomass observed at the time of planting indicates that microbial biomass may
reduce losses of N and other nutrients during periods of low crop demand, and
may act as a source of nutrients during crop growth.
346 NAL Call. No.: 420 K13
Seedcorn maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) populations on Ohio soybean.
Hammond, R.B.
Lawrence, Kan. : The Society; 1991 Apr.
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society v. 64 (2): p. 216-220; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Glycine max; Cover crops; Incorporation; Delia platura;
Planting date; Oviposition; Population density; Insect traps; Surveys; Crop
damage
347 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Seventeen years of cropping systems and tillage affect velvetleaf (Abutilon
theophrasti) seed longevity.
Lueschen, W.E.; Andersen, R.N.; Hoverstad, T.R.; Kanne, B.K.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 82-86; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Abutilon theophrasti; Weed control; Continuous cropping; Fallow;
Rotations; Tillage; No-tillage; Atrazine; Glyphosate; Seed longevity; Seed
germination; Soil depth; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Avena sativa
Abstract: Velvetleaf is difficult to control in corn and soybean and the seed
can persist in soil for many years. Seven cultural and tillage practices were
established in 1974 on a site heavily infested with velvetleaf to determine the
time required to eradicate velvetleaf seed from the soil. A rapid decline in
velvetleaf seed population in the top 23 cm of soil occurred during the first 5
yr of this study. In the fifth year, the chemical fallow and continuous alfalfa
treatments had 37 and 56% of the original velvetleaf seed population remaining,
respectively. In the 17th year, soils in these treatments that had received no
tillage since study initiation still contained 15 and 25% of the original
velvetleaf seed population, respectively. Systems involving moldboard plowing
with continuous-tillage fallow, continuous cropping of corn or oat, or an
annual corn and soybean rotation had a more rapid decline in the velvetleaf
seed population in soil compared to the chemical fallow and continuous alfalfa
treatment. After 17 yr, soil in any system that had received at least one
moldboard plowing per year still contained 1 to 3 million velvetleaf seed ha-1,
which is only 0.8 to 2.5% of the initial viable seed population. Nearly 100% of
the seed remaining in the soil in the 17th year for all treatments was still
viable.
348 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Simulating physical processes and economic behavior in saline, irrigated
agriculture: model development.
Lefkoff, L.J.; Gorelick, S.M.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1990 Jul.
Water resources research v. 26 (7): p. 1359-1369. maps; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Irrigation water; Saline water; Streams; Aquifers; Water
use; Profits; Costs; Decision making; Crop mixtures; Zea mays; Medicago sativa;
Crop yield; Simulation models; Regressions
Abstract: A model of an irrigated, saline stream-aquifer system is constructed
to simulate economic, agronomic, and hydrologic processes. The model is applied
to a section of the Arkansas Valley in southeastern Colorado and is used to
examine the effect of crop-mixing strategies on long-term profits. Mixing in
excess of crop rotation requirements provides an index of farmers' willingness
to exchange some profit for a reduction in the risk of short-term loss. The
model contains three components. The economic component simulates water use
decisions that maximize annual profit for each farm, The hydrologic component
simulates salt transport by employing regression equations that predict changes
in groundwater salinity as a function of hydrologic conditions and water use
decisions. The agronomic component approximates changes in corn and alfalfa
production in response to the depth and salinity of irrigation applications.
Results from the entire economic-hydrologic-agronomic model are consistent with
the few historical observations available for the site.
349 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Soil and plant nitrogen availability tests for corn following alfalfa.
Bundy, L.G.; Andraski, T.W.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 200-206; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Cabt; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Rotations; Nitrate nitrogen; Nutrient availability; Soil
analysis; Nutrient content; Soil depth; Seasonal variation; Air temperature;
Rain; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Crop yield; Plant composition;
Nitrogen content
350 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Soil N dynamics and N yield of barley grown on Breton loam using N from
biological fixation or fertilizer.
Wani, S.P.; McGill, W.B.; Robertson, J.A.
Berlin : Springer International; 1991.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 12 (1): p. 10-18; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Hordeum vulgare; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Soil
fertility; Avena sativa; Green manures; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Vicia faba; Site factors; Soil biology; Soil chemistry; Soil
physical properties
351 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 So3
Soil nitrogen mineralization indexes and corn response in crop rotations.
Thicke, F.E.; Russelle, M.P.; Hesterman, O.B.; Sheaffer, C.C.
Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins Co., 1916-; 1993 Nov.
Soil science v. 156 (5): p. 322-335; 1993 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Glycine max; Triticum
aestivum; Fallow; Rotations; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Indexes; Crop residues;
Incorporation; Crop yield; Grain; Nutrient uptake; Ammonium nitrate;
Application rates; Fertilizer requirement determination; Nutrient availability;
Models
352 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Soil penetrometer resistance and bulk density relationships after long-term no
tilage.
Vazquez, L.; Myhre, D.L.; Hanlon, E.A.; Gallaher, R.N.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 2 (19/20): p. 2101-2117;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Avena sativa; Glycine max; Sandy soils; Soil compaction;
Penetrometers; Resistance to penetration; Bulk density; Measurement; Soil
strength; Soil density; Correlation; Double cropping; Rotations; Tillage; No-
tillage; Subsoiling; Soil depth; Soil water content; Field capacity;
Trafficability
353 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Soil surface modification by biomass inputs affecting rainfall infiltration.
Bruce, R.R.; Langdale, G.W.; West, L.T.; Miller, W.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (5): p. 1614-1620; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium incarnatum; Crop
residues; Biomass; Incorporation; Aggregates; Stability; Soil organic matter;
Surface layers; Surface modification; Infiltration; Soil water regimes
Abstract: The quantity, kind, and method of applying organic materials to the
soil in crop culture are known to have a major effect on surface
characteristics. To determine the effectiveness of selected crop biomass inputs
on soil surface characteristics that significantly impact rainfall
infiltration, sites on slightly, moderately, and severely eroded classes of
Cecil-Pacolet soils (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) were
selected. On each class of erosion, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain
sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were each planted into a disk-harrowed
seedbed following winter fallow in each of 5 yr. Grain sorghum was also no-
till-planted into a crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop. Each
summer crop was grown both under irrigation and natural rainfall. The average
water stability of aggregates in the 0- to 15-mm layer of the no-till-planted
grain sorghum into clover was 53 and 44% greater than the tilled plantings of
grain sorghum and soybean, respectively. Only at > 0.8 kg kg-1 aggregate
stability was correlated with soil C content. In contrast, regressions of
water-stable soil aggregates on the natural log of cumulative stover after 5 yr
of treatment yielded r2 values of 0.81 to 0.99. Soil-incorporated soybean
stover was distinctly least effective in developing water-stable soil
aggregates in the surface 1.5 cm. The effect of increased soil surface
aggregate stability was reflected in a soil water pressure greater than -0.1
MPa in the surface 0.5 m for a significantly greater fraction of the summer
growing season and in increased infiltration. The infiltration rate after
residue removal was 100% greater on the grain sorghum no-till planted into
clover than grain sorghum planted into a tilled seedbed. The soil modifications
that produced a very significant change in rate of infiltration were obtained
in 4 or 5 yr by a no-till culture that provides about 12 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of
decomposing crop residue on the soil surface.
354 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Soil test values and grain yields during 14 years of potassium fertilization of
corn and soybean.
Mallarino, A.P.; Webb, J.R.; Blackmer, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 560-566; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations; Potassium fertilizers;
Crop yield; Grain; Soil test values; Potassium; Nutrient availability; Cost
effectiveness analysis; Profitability; Returns; Application rates; Long term
experiments; Nutrient excesses; Nutrient deficiencies
355 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5
Soilborne blight diseases of peanut.
Damicone, J.P.; Melouk, H.A.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Apr.
OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University
(7186): 6 p.; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Arachis hypogaea; Corticium rolfsii; Sclerotinia minor;
Disease course; Disease control; Symptoms; Fungicides; Rotations; Cultural
control; Crop yield
356 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Sorghum in rotation with soybean for the management of cyst and root-knot
nematodes.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Weaver, D.B.; Robertson, D.G.; King, P.S.; Carden, E.L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1990 Dec.
Nematropica v. 20 (2): p. 111-119; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Heterodera glycines;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Cultural control; Cropping systems; Nematode control;
Rotations; Cultivars; Crop yield
357 NAL Call. No.: SB844.I6P8
Soybean cyst nematode.
Ferris, J.M.; Faghihi, J.; Edwards, C.R.
West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
E - Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. In
subseries: Field Crop Insects.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; Nematode control; Life
cycle; Rotations; Nematicides; Cultivars; Pest resistance
358 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M68EXT
Soybean cyst nematode.
Moore, W.F.; Fox, J.A.; Patel, M.V.
State College, Miss. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Publication - Cooperative Extension Service, Mississippi State University
(1293): 4 p.; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; Symptoms; Life
cycle; Cultural methods; Rotations; Nematode control; Nematicides
359 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Soybean (Glycine max) and rotational crop tolerance to chlorimuron, clomazone,
imazaquin, and imazethapyr.
Krausz, R.F.; Kapusta, G.; Knake, E.L.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p.
77-80; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Rotations; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays;
Herbicide residues; Crop damage; Residual effects; Chlorimuron; Clomazone;
Imazaquin; Imazethapyr; Crop yield; Tolerance
360 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Soybean (Glycine max) herbicide carryover to grain and fiber crops.
Walsh, J.D.; DeFelice, M.S.; Sims, B.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
625-632; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Gossypium hirsutum; Zea mays;
Sorghum bicolor; Rotations; Glycine max; Sequential cropping; Weed control;
Chemical control; Chlorimuron; Imazaquin; Clomazone; Imazethapyr; Metribuzin;
Herbicide mixtures; Persistence; Residual effects; Tillage; Autumn; Crop
damage; Abiotic injuries
361 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
Soybean nematodes.
Overstreet, C.; Whitam, K.; McGawley, E.C.
Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1992 May.
Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service v.): 20 p.; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Plant parasitic nematodes; Life cycle;
Nematode control; Varietal resistance; Rotations; Cultural control; Chemical
control
362 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N9C46
Soybean production.
Berglund, D.R.; Helms, T.C.
Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1992 Mar.
NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State University v.): 8 p.;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Glycine max; Cultivars; Rotations; Crop yield; Seed
quality; Seed treatment; Site preparation; Fertilizers; Spacing; Weed control;
Harvesting
363 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Soybean production as affected by tillage in a corn and soybean management
system. I. Cultivar response.
Lueschen, W.E.; Evans, S.D.; Ford, J.H.; Hoverstad, T.R.; Kanne, B.K.; Orf,
J.H.; Staricka, J.A.; Stienstra, W.C.; Warnes, D.D.; Hicks, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 571-579; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Glycine max; Cultivars; Zea mays; Rotations;
Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Ridging; Plowing; Chiselling; Moldboards;
Crop production; Performance; Crop yield; Crop density; Maturation; Lodging;
Plant height; Seeds; Weight; Emergence; Crop residues; Temporal variation;
Spatial variation; Spatial distribution; Climatic factors; Environmental
factors; Soil water content; Interactions; Soil conservation; Autumn; Genotype
environment interaction; Varietal reactions; Responses
364 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Soybean production as affected by tillage in a corn and soybean management
system. II. Seed treatment response.
Lueschen, W.E.; Evans, S.D.; Ford, J.H.; Hoverstad, T.R.; Kanne, B.K.; Orf,
J.H.; Staricka, J.A.; Steinstra, W.C.; Warnes, D.D.; Hicks, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 580-585; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Glycine max; Cultivars; Zea mays; Rotations;
Phytophthora; Root rots; Plant disease control; Captan; Metalaxyl; No-tillage;
Ridging; Moldboards; Plowing; Chiselling; Seed treatment; Responses; Crop
production; Performance; Crop yield; Crop density; Seed germination; Seedling
emergence; Plant height; Maturation; Seeds; Weight; Seedlings; Vigor; Seed
quality; Varietal susceptibility; Interactions; Temporal variation; Spatial
variation
365 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Soybean stover nitrogen affected by dinitrogen fixation and cultivars.
Ravuri, V.; Hume, D.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 328-333; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Cabt; Glycine max; Cultivars; Rotations; Soil
inoculation; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Nitrogen fixation; Stover; Dry matter;
Seeds; Yields; Harvest index
Abstract: Grain legumes often are credited with leaving residual N for crops
that follow in the rotation. This study was conducted to determine if
increasing N2 fixation in soybean [Glycine mar (L) Merr.] would result in
higher amounts of stover N at harvest. Eleven early-maturing cultivars
(Maturity group 00 and 0) in 1988 and 16 in 1989 were grown with five inoculant
strain treatments and alone as uninoculated controls. There were slight
cultivar-by-inoculant interactions but main effects were much larger. The order
of N2 fixtion with inoculant treatments, measured by the difference method, was
532C or three-strain mixture > USDA 110 > CB 1809 > HH303. Dinitrogen fixation
ranged from 60 to 125 kg ha-(1) in 1988 and from 31 to 84 in 1989. Higher N2
fixation caused related significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in
stover dry matter and stover N yields in both years, despite concomitant
increases in the apparent harvest index (AHI) and apparent NHI. Stover N
concentration was not affected by increased N2 fixation in either year. In
1988, cultivars differed only slightly in stover N content. In 1989, amounts of
stover N in different cultivars depended on how completely N was translocated
to seed. Over the 2 yr, amounts of N in harvestable stover of the early-
maturing cultivars ranged from 9 to 24 kg ha-(1), averaged across inoculant
treatments. Although stover N increased with N2 fixation in both years, the
amount of stover N available for return to the soil was quite low.
366 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Soybean-peanut rotations for the management of Meloidogyne arenaria and
Sclerotium rolfsii.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.; Wells, L.; King, P.S.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1991 Dec.
Nematropica v. 21 (2): p. 147-154; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Arachis hypogaea; Meloidogyne arenaria;
Population density; Corticium rolfsii; Aldicarb; Chemical control; Fungus
control; Nematode control; Monoculture; Rotations; Sequential cropping
367 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.A82E96
Soybeans in rice rotation, loamy soils, flood irrigation.
Windham, T.E.; Stuart, C.A.; Herrington, B.E. Jr
Fayetteville, Ark.?: The Service; 1991 Nov.
Extension technical bulletin - UA Cooperative Extension Service (153): 6 p.;
1991 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Crop production; Cost analysis; Farm
budgeting; Production costs; Loam soils; Flood irrigation
368 NAL Call. No.: SB205.S7S645
Soybeans: soybean nematode control.
Drye, C.E.; Mueller, J.D.; Lewis, S.A.; Dickerson, O.J.
Clemson, S.C. : The Service; 1991 Feb.
Soybean leaflet - Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson University (2): 4 p.;
1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Glycine max; Nematode control; Nematoda;
Nematicides; Rotation; Cultural control; Symptoms
369 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
SOYHERB--A computer program for soybean herbicide decision making.
Renner, K.A.; Black, J.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (5): p. 921-925; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Herbicides; Application methods; Weeds; Decision
making; Weed competition; Computer software
Abstract: There has been a rapid increase in the number of herbicides and
herbicide mixtures registered for use in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
production. SOYHERB is a computer program developed to assist Cooperative
Extension Service personnel, agribusiness, farmers, and teachers in determining
herbicide options for soybean production. Tillage practices, atrazine (6-
chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) or simazine (6-
chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) use in a previous corn crop,
soil type and percentage of organic matter, soil pH, projected crop rotation
plans, method of herbicide application, and weed species and weed pressure are
entered by the user. SOYHERB generates herbicide programs and their cost per
acre that provide excellent control of all weed species at the weed pressures
indicated. Fair (80-90%) weed control options may also be generated. Additional
screens describe control of perennial weeds, a summary of herbicide premixes,
and a table listing the maximum height of broadleaf weeds controlled by
postemergence herbicides. Data can be saved for future reference. A computer
capable of running MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 2.1 or greater with a minimum of
512K bytes of RAM is required.
370 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Stability and characteristics of spatial description parameters for nematode
populations.
Ferris, H.; Mullens, T.A.; Foord, K.E.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1990 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 22 (4): p. 427-439; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Vigna unguiculata; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotations;
Plant parasitic nematodes; Population dynamics; Economic thresholds
371 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Stale seedbed production of soybeans with a wheat cover crop.
Elmore, C.D.; Wesley, R.A.; Heatherly, L.G.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1992 Mar.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 47 (2): p. 187-190; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Triticum; Double cropping; Ground cover;
Seedbeds; Clay soils
372 NAL Call. No.: S590.A48
Stem-nodulating legume-Rhizobium symbiosis and its agronomic use in lowland
rice.
Ladha, J.K.; Pareek, R.P.; Becker, M.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1992.
Advances in soil sciences v. 20: p. 147-192; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Rhizobium; Symbiosis; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation;
Stems; Stem nodules; Cropping systems; Green manures; Oryza sativa; Reviews
373 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Subterranean clover living mulch: an alternative method of weed control.
Ilnicki, R.D.; Enache, A.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 40 (1/4): p. 249-264; 1992 May. In
the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in Agroecosystems / edited by M.G.
Paoletti and D. Pimentel. Proceedings from a symposium on Agroecology and
Conservation Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions, September 26-29, 1990,
Padova, Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Weed control; Live mulches; Trifolium subterraneum;
Mulches; Secale cereale; Cover crops; Zea mays; Glycine max; Cucurbita pepo;
Brassica oleracea; Phaseolus vulgaris; Lycopersicon esculentum; Tillage;
Minimum tillage; No-tillage; Herbicides; Weeds; Biomass production; Crop
yield; Alternative farming
374 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Suitability of alfalfa, corn, oat, red clover, and snapbean as hosts for the
potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor.
MacGuidwin, A.E.; Slack, S.A.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1991 Jan.
Plant disease v. 75 (1): p. 37-39; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Zea mays; Avena
sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Ditylenchus destructor; Nematode
infections; Hosts of plant pests; Rotations
375 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
A survey of pesticides used in Iowa crop production in 1990.
Hartzler, R.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991 Sep.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1441): 11 p.; 1991
Sep. Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Pesticides; Herbicides; Rotations;
Weed control; Statistics; Pest control; Crop yield; Crop production
376 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C35
Survival of wheat pathogens in wheat and soybean residues under conservation
tillage systems in southern and central Brazil.
Fernandez, M.R.; Fernandes, J.M.C.
Guelph, Ont. : Canadian Phytopathological Society; 1990 Sep.
Canadian journal of plant pathology; Revue Canadienne de phytopathologie v. 12
(3): p. 289-294; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mato grosso do sul; Parana; Rio grande do sul; Triticum aestivum;
Rotations; Glycine max; Conservation tillage; Crop residues; Plant pathogenic
fungi; Gibberella zeae; Cochliobolus sativus; Leptosphaeria nodorum; Inoculum
density; Incidence; Inoculum; Epidemiology; Colonizing ability; Saprophytes;
Survival
377 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Sustaining soil nitrogen for corn using hairy vetch cover crop.
Utomo, M.; Frye, W.W.; Blevins, R.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 979-983; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Zea mays; Winter; Cover crops; Vicia villosa; Secale
cereale; Stubble; No-tillage; Tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates;
Crop yield; Grain; Nitrates (inorganic salts); Residual effects; Nitrogen
Abstract: Nitrogen fertility management is often complicated by inadequate
supply, low efficiency, high losses, and the potential of polluting water
resources. This study was conducted in 1984 and 1985 on a Maury soil (fine,
mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalfs) in Kentucky to determine the role of a hairy
vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop in sustaining soil N for corn (Zea mays
L.) under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Winter cover treatments of hairy
vetch, rye (Secale cereale L.), and corn residue were combined factorially with
N rates of 0, 85, and 170 kg ha-1 the two tillage systems. Total soil C and N
in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth, averaged across treatments and sampling dates, were
21.8 and 2.07 g kg-1, respectively, in no-tillage and 16.6 and 1.70 g kg-1 in
conventional tillage. Values were 19.8 and 1.99 g kg-1, respectively, with
hairy vetch and 18.8 and 1.80 g kg-1 with rye. Conventional tillage caused
rapid mineralization of soil N, as indicated by greater inorganic N
approximately 6 wk after plowing. Nitrate apparently leached deeper into the
soil under no-tillage than conventional tillage. Grain yield without N on the
vetch treatment was essentially equal to yields with 170 kg N ha-1 on the rye
or corn residue treatments-6.75, 6.75, and 6.65 Mg ha-1, respectively. Grain
yield with vetch and 170 kg N ha-1 was 7.85 Mg ha-1. Although vetch provided a
substantial amount of N, results suggested that to obtain optimum corn yields N
fertilization should be reduced little, if any, with a vetch cover crop. Vetch
appeared to add grain yield instead of reduce the need for N fertilizer.
378 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Sweet clover fallow on solonetzes of Western Siberia.
Yakovlev, V.Kh
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (7): p. 26-28; 1991. Translated from:
Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk. Doklady, (7), p. 28-30.
(20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Siberia; Solonetzic soils; Fallow systems; Melilotus; Soil
fertility; Green manures; Fodder crops; Soil physical properties; Soil biology;
Hordeum vulgare; Crop yield; Rotations
379 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) on selected cool-season leguminous
cover crops.
Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson, K.E.; Phatak, S.C.; Dutcher, J.D.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1990 Jul.
Journal of entomological science v. 25 (3): p. 463-474; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Vicia sativa; Hybrids; Trifolium incarnatum; Trifolium
subterraneum; Trifolium yanninicum; Trifolium brachycalycinum; Cultivars; Host
specificity; Insect pests; Lygus lineolaris; Population density; Longevity;
Survival
380 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Temporal variation in aggregate stability on conventional and alternative
farms.
Mulla, D.J.; Huyck, L.M.; Reganold, J.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (5): p. 1620-1624; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Aggregates; Stability; Seasonal variation; Alternative
farming; Farming; Comparisons; Cropping systems; Erodibility; Slope; Landscape
Abstract: Low-input alternative farm management practices have been shown to
decrease erosion rates and increase soil organic matter contents relative to
conventional management practices in eastern Washington state. Little is known
about the effect of such alternative practices on aggregate stability. Temporal
variations in aggregate stability were measured at three slope positions on
soils from adjacent farms managed for many years using conventional vs.
alternative tillage and crop rotations. The conventional farm was first
cultivated in 1908, and uses a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-spring pea
(Pisum sativum L.) rotation with summer fallow every sixth year. The
alternative farm was first cultivated in 1909, and uses a winter wheat-spring
pea-Austrian winter peas [P. sativa ssp. arvense (L.) Poiret]-spring wheat-
spring pea-summer fallow rotation with an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-
wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinn.] mixture every 19th and
20th year. Surface soils (0-15 cm) were collected at foot-, back-, and topslope
positions from both farms during October 1987, March 1988, and June 1988. The
0.5- to 1.0-mm sieved aggregate-size fraction from each farm, landscape
position, and sampling time was analyzed for aggregate stability using the
high-energy moisture characteristic method. Aggregate stability on both farms
decreased significantly from October to March in response to precipitation and
cycles of winter freezing and thawing. Significant increases in stability
occurred from March to June on both farms. These increases were interpreted in
terms of recovery of cohesion by aggregates following their disruption during
the winter. Differences in stability resulting from management practices on the
two farms were not significant, even though organic C contents on the
alternative farm were significantly higher than those on the conventional farm.
381 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Temporal variation in runoff and soil loss from simulated rainfall on corn and
soybeans.
McIsaac, G.F.; Mitchell, J.K.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (2): p. 465-472; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Glycine max; Erosion; Losses from soil
systems; Runoff; Rain; Simulation; Slopes; Soil conservation
Abstract: Runoff and soil loss were measured from simulated rainfall applied
to a Catlin silt loam soil at two crop stages during four growing seasons in a
corn soybean rotation implemented on the contour and up-and-down slope. Runoff
depth, runoff rate, soil loss/ha, and soil loss/ha-mm of runoff varied
significantly by crop stage and by year. Runoff depth and runoff rate were
correlated with variations in antecedent rainfall, soil moisture, residue, and
canopy. Soil loss/ha from soybeans and soil loss/ha-mm of runoff from corn
varied by as much as a factor of four from one year to another. Much of the
variation in soil loss appeared to be related to variations in runoff, slope
steepness, and antecedent rainfall. Soil loss/ha-mm of runoff 30 to 40 days
after planting corn was significantly different across years for both row
directions. In six of eight comparisons for soybeans, soil loss/ha-mm of runoff
from simulated rainfall was not statistically different than from an eight-year
study under natural rainfall. Nevertheless, this study indicates that results
from one-time rainfall simulation may not represent the long term average for a
soil.
382 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Thirty-year crop rotations and management practices effects on soil and amino
nitrogen.
Campbell, C.A.; Schnitzer, M.; Lafond, G.P.; Zentner, R.P.; Knipfel, J.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 739-745; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Soil fertility; Soil
organic matter; Amino nitrogen; Fallow; Green manures; Long term experiments;
Nitrogen
Abstract: Methods of assessing how agronomic practices influence soil
productivity and sustainability are required. The effects of various agronomic
practices on soil organic N and hydrolyzable amino N in a Udic Haploboroll were
determined in a long-term (30-yr) crop rotation study at Indian Head,
Saskatchewan. Practices assessed included fertilization, fallowing frequency,
green manuring, and inclusion of a grass-legume forage crop in predominantly
spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems. Fertilization, green manuring, or
inclusion of a grass-legume hay crop significantly (P < 0.10) increased soil
and amino N (amino acid N plus amino sugar N), particularly as fallowing
frequency was reduced. When the relative molar distribution of the amino acids
was used to assess changes in soil organic-N quality, significant and
consistent increases in aspartic acid and decreases in arginine and leucine
were observed; however, the differences were mainly associated with the 6-yr
mixed and fertilized continuous wheat (Cont W) rotations. Comparison of our N-
concentration results with an estimate of the initial (1958) N concentration
suggests that all fallow-containing monoculture wheat rotations and
unfertilized Cont W have failed to maintain soil N, the unfertilized 3-yr
legume green manure-wheat-wheat system has maintained soil N, while the 6-yr
fallow-cereal-hay (grass-legume) and fertilized Cont W systems have increased
soil N. Hydrolyzable amino N was only marginally more effective than Kjeldahl N
for describing changes in soil organic-matter quality.
383 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Tillage and clover cover crop effects on grain sorghum yield and nitrogen
uptake.
Lemon, R.G.; Hons, F.M.; Saladino, V.A.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1990 Jan.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (1): p. 125-127; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tillage; Clovers; Cover crops; Sorghum bicolor; Nitrogen; Uptake;
Erosion control; No-tillage; Green manures; Crop yield
384 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Tillage and cover crop management effects on soil water and corn yield.
Ewing, R.P.; Wagger, M.G.; Denton, H.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p. 1081-1085; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Coastal plain soils; Sandy soils; Crop
management; Interactions; Fallow; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum;
Subsoiling; Chiselling; Water availability; Soil water content; Crop yield;
Growth; Grain; Dry matter; Dry conditions
Abstract: Subsoiling to alleviate compacted soil zones and planting cover
crops to conserve soil water are accepted practices, but information regarding
potential interactions between the two is limited. This study was designed to
assess the effects of subsoiling and cover-crop management on soil water
availability and corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield on Coastal Plain soils known to
be responsive to in-row subsoiling. The experiment was conducted on a Norfolk
loamy sand in 1985 and a Norfolk sand in 1986, both in the family of fine-
loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudults. Factors evaluated were subsoiling,
cover crop (fallow or crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]), primary
tillage (chisel plow or no-tillage) within fallow, and top-growth removal of
crimson clover. Compared with fallow treatments, crimson clover depleted soil
water in the surface 15 cm before corn planting by 28% in 1985 and 55% in 1986.
Corn grain yield was reduced in the presence of crimson clover by 0.5 Mg ha-1
in 1985 and 0.9 Mg ha-1 in 1986. In 1985 only, grain yield reduction in the
presence of crimson clover was entirely overcome by subsoiling. Averaged across
cover crop and primary tillage factors, subsoiling increased grain yields by
25% (1.3 Mg ha-1) in 1985 and 86% (1.9 Mg ha-1) in 1986. Increased yields due
to subsoiling were attributed to greater use of subsoil water by the corn crop.
These results suggest that cover-crop desiccation should occur 7 to 10 d prior
to corn planting to minimize the effects of soil water depletion under dry,
early-spring conditions. Additionally, in-row subsoiling should be used on
similar Coastal Plain soils responsive to deep tillage, irrespective of cover-
crop use.
385 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Tillage and cover crop management for snap bean production.
NeSmith, D.S.; Hoogenboom, G.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University; 1993.
Annual report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative v. 36: p. 111-112; 1993. In
the series analytic: Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Cover crops; Tillage; Crop yield; Soil
management
386 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Tillage and crop rotation affect corn, soybean, and winter wheat yields.
Lund, M.G.; Carter, P.R.; Oplinger, E.S.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 207-213; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum;
Rotations; Crop yield; Plowing; Moldboards; No-tillage; Continuous cropping;
Sequential cropping; Crop residues; Soil temperature; Plant height; Seed
moisture; Crop density; Cultivars
387 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Tillage and crop rotation effect on characteristics of a sandy surface soil.
Bruce, R.R.; Langdale, G.W.; Dillard, A.L.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (6): p. 1744-1747; 1990 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Rotations;
Sequential cropping; No-tillage; Chiselling; Tillage; Sandy loam soils; Soil
physical properties; Infiltration; Udic regimes
Abstract: In a thermic udic region, a summer crop species may be planted with
or without tillage subsequent to a winter grain crop that was planted into a
prepared seedbed. This study was conducted to identify the effect of tillage
intensity associated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum
[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] crop sequences following winter wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.), and the effect of summer crop species on selected physical
characteristics of a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanhapludult). Through eight seasons, soybean and grain sorghum were grown in
10 crop sequences that were imposed on three tillage treatments: conventional
tillage (CT), in-row chisel (MT), and no-tillage (NT). Following summer crop
harvest in the eighth season, aggregate stability, organic C, bulk density,
air-filled pore space, particle-size distribution, and infiltration of water
were measured. Aggregate stability at 0 to 10 mm was significantly higher for
MT and NT than for CT. The CT treatment exhibited significantly lower bulk
density and higher air-filled pore space than MT and NT. lnfiltration was
significantly greater on the MT than the CT and NT treatments. Greater
aggregate stability, higher air-filled pore space, and lower bulk density were
measured after two or more years of grain sorghum than after soybean. The
maintenance of wheat straw on the soil surface under the MT and NT treatment
exhibited an effect to a depth of 75 mm and the in-row chisel treatment
affected infiltration. Crop-rotational effects can be erased or modified by
tillage and may only be observed under NT. Grain yield response of soybean and
grain sorghum to changes in soil physical characteristics, as a consequence of
crop sequence and tillage, may need to be interpreted in relation to crop
species and cropping sequence.
388 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Tillage and crop rotation effects on fertility status of a hapludult soil.
Edwards, J.H.; Wood, C.W.; Thurlow, D.L.; Ruf, M.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (5): p. 1577-1582; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Hapludults; No-
tillage; Conservation tillage; Tillage; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Cover
crops; Soil ph; Soil organic matter; Bulk density; Nutrient availability; Soil
fertility
Abstract: Tillage and crop rotations influence soil characteristics and may
alter nutrient availability. A study was conducted at the Sand Mountain
Substation, Crossville, AL, to determine the effects of 10 yr of conservation
tillage and crop rotation on soil fertility. Tillage systems included no-till
(NT) and conventional tillage (CT); crop rotations were continuous corn (Zea
mays L.)--wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover (CW) continuous soybean [Glycine
max (L.) Merr.]-wheat for cover (SW), and corn-wheat cover-soybean-wheat cover
(CWSW). Soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Mehlich-1 (double-acid)
extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu were determined on samples collected
after 10 growing seasons. Tillage system did not affect soil pH; however, CW
and CWSW crop rotations lowered soil pH due to applications of N fertilizers.
Organic matter was increased from 10 g kg-1 in the surface 15 cm to 15.5 g kg-1
in the surface 10 cm after 10 yr of NT. This represents an increase in organic
matter of 56%, while organic matter was constant under CT. Organic matter was
affected by crop rotation and decreased in order or CW > CWSW > SW. Bulk
density decreased under NT compared with CT. Crop rotations decreased bulk
density in the order of CWS > SW > CW. Double-acid-extractable nutrients were
affected by tillage, crop rotation, and soil depth. Potassium availability was
greater in the rotations CW and CWSW under CT than in the same crop sequence
under NT. Rotations with a higher frequency of corn appeared to negatively
affect P, Ca, and Mg availability due to lower soil pH values. Our results
demonstrate that long-term soil management practices affect soil pH, organic
matter, bulk density, and nutrient availability. They further show that
different tillage and crop rotations may require distinctly different soil
fertility management.
389 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Tillage and crop rotation effects on soil organic matter in a Typic Hapludult
of northern Alabama.
Wood, C.W.; Edwards, J.H.; Cummins, C.G.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 2 (2): p. 31-41; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Hapludults;
Tillage; No-tillage; Rotations; Soil organic matter; Nitrogen; Carbon; Long
term experiments
390 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Tillage and fertilizer influences on corn and legume cover.
Gilley, J.E.; Power, J.F.; Reznicek, P.J.; Finkner, S.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-2567): 23 p.; 1990.
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting", December 18-21,
1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Tillage; Fertilizers; Erosion; Soil conservation
391 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3)
Tillage and rotation effects on mycorrhizal colonization in corn and soybeans.
Ananth, S.; Sorensen, D.R.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991.
TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (97): 4 p.
(soil PR 90-29); 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Mycorrhizas; Tillage;
Rotations
392 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Tillage effects on legume decomposition and transformation of legume and
fertilizer nitrogen-15.
Varco, J.J.; Frye, W.W.; Smith, M. .- Smith, M.S.; MacKown, C.T.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (3): p. 750-756; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia villosa; Crop residues; Decomposition; Ammonium sulfate;
Application rates; Nutrient sources; Tillage; No-tillage; Nitrogen;
Transformation; Nitrogen cycle; Nitrogen content; Nutrient availability; Losses
from soil
Abstract: The inclusion of legumes in cropping systems raises questions about
their effectiveness as a N source. The objective of this study was to determine
the effects of tillage on legume cover crop decomposition and transformation
dynamics of legume and fertilizer 15N. Nitrogen-15-labeled hairy vetch (Vicia
villosa Roth.) residue or fertilizer was added to soil cores contained in open-
ended Plexiglas tubes placed in the field. Vetch residues were either placed on
the soil surface for no-tillage (NT), or mixed with the soil for conventional
tillage (CT). In 1984, 15NH4 15NO3 was applied at rates of 0 and 100 kg N ha-1
and, in 1985, (15NH4)2SO4 was applied at rates of 0 and 150 kg N ha-1 to both
NT and CT cores with a history of winter fallow. Fertilizer 15N was applied in
solution to the soil surface. Within 30 d, 77% of the original vetch residue
weight was lost with CT, compared with 45% with NT. Nitrogen lost from the
residue by 30 d averaged 89% with CT and 60% with NT. At 15 d in 1985, soil
inorganic 15N recovery for fertilizer was 78% with CT and 57% with NT, and for
vetch it was 47% with CT and 12% with NT. Vetch 15N immobilization averaged 2.3
times greater than fertilizer 15N with CT and 1.7 times greater with NT. The
results indicate that N availability as measured by soil inorganic N is less
from vetch residue than fertilizer due to both greater vetch N immobilization
and the dependence of vetch N mineralization on decomposition rate.
393 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Tillage, row spacing, and planting date effects on soybean following corn or
wheat.
Lueschen, W.E.; Ford, J.H.; Evans, S.D.; Kanne, B.K.; Hoverstad, T.R.; Randall,
G.W.; Orf, J.H.; Hicks, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 254-260; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Glycine max; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Crop yield;
Tillage; Plowing; Moldboards; Chiselling; Discing; Ridging; No-tillage;
Rotations; Row spacing; Planting date; Crop density; Crop residues
394 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Tillage studies with a corn-soybean rotation: hydrology and sediment loss.
Edwards, W.M.; Triplett, G.B.; Van Doren, D.M.; Owens, L.B.; Redmond, C.E.;
Dick, W.A.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (4): p. 1051-1055; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations; Secale cereale; Cover crops;
Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Tillage; Runoff; Soil; Losses from soil;
Water erosion; Watersheds
Abstract: When soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is produced on sloping fields
using conventional tillage and mechanical cultivation for weed control,
potential soil losses are high, limiting production to relatively flat lands.
With the advent of conservation tillage practices and herbicides for weed
control, soybean production with tolerable soil losses on sloping fields has
become technically possible. To evaluate soil loss under these new conditions,
runoff and erosion were measured on six small watersheds that were farmed for 6
yr in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation with conservation tillage. Two of
the watersheds were chiseled each year, two others paraplowed, and the other
two received no-tillage. A rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop was established
each winter following soybean. With average yearly rainfall of 930 mm, yearly
runoff was 63.5 mm and varied between 28 and 108 mm. Average yearly soil loss
for the 6-yr period was 526 kg/ha, < 10% of the allowable soil loss. Two storms
caused most of the erosion, with a single storm accounting for 42% of the total
measured soil loss. Earlier, these same watersheds averaged 5750 kg/ha of
measured soil loss during the corn years of a corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation
with conventional tillage.
395 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Tillage studies with a corn-soybean rotation: surface runoff chemistry.
Owens, L.B.; Edwards, W.M.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (4): p. 1055-1060; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations; Secale cereale; Cover crops;
Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Nutrients; Losses from soil; Runoff water;
Surface water; Nutrient content; Watersheds
Abstract: When soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown on sloping soils,
there is a high potential for soil and nutrient losses. The purpose of this
study was to compare nutrient losses in surface runoff across a range of
watershed conditions when tillage practice was a variable. For 6 yr in east-
central Ohio, nutrient concentrations and transport in surface runoff were
measured from six small (< 1-ha) watersheds planted to a corn (Zea mays L.)-
soybean rotation. Two watersheds were chisel plowed each year, two were
paraplowed, and two received no-tillage. Rye (Secale cereale L.) provided
winter cover following soybean harvest. Nitrate-N and K concentrations in
surface runoff were greater during corn years than soybean years, but there was
no significant difference among tillage treatments. There were no consistent
differences between crops or among tillage practices for the transport of
soluble P, soluble K, and total organic C (TOC). Most of the NO3-N loss was in
the runoff from a small percentage of runoff events. Although NO3-N
concentrations in surface runoff frequently exceeded 10 mg/L during the corn
years, the actual amount of N lost was small. But because of year-to-year
variation in runoff, which masked most of the differences resulting from
cropping or tillage practice, there is a need for long-term research (> 6 yr)
to assess the environmental risks associated with a particular management
practice.
396 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Tilth index: an approach to quantifying soil tilth.
Singh, K.K.; Colvin, T.S.; Erbach, D.C.; Mughal, A.Q.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Nov.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (6): p. 1777-1785; 1992 Nov. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Minnesota; Tilth; Tillage; Zea mays; Continuous cropping;
Glycine max; Rotations; Mathematical models; Literature reviews
Abstract: Tilth is a qualitative term that describes the physical state of
soil. There is need for a quantitative understanding of soil tilth to help
scientists, engineers, and farmers better understand how to manage soil. A
"tilth index" based upon five soil physical properties was developed to
quantify tilth. Values of bulk density, cone index, aggregate uniformity
coefficient, organic matter content, and plasticity index were used to
calculate an index, that ranges from zero for conditions unusable by the plant
to one for a soil that is nonlimiting for plant growth. The tilth index was
evaluated in field experiments near Ames, Iowa, and Waseca, Minnesota. The
tilth index significantly changed during the cropping season. The tilth index
was increased by tillage and planting operations and then decreased with time
until harvest. The tilth index was positively correlated (r2 ranging from 0.15
to 0.86, with 10 of 16 values more than 0.60) with yields of corn and soybean.
When compared with a modified productivity index the tilth index was more
responsive to tillage and provided better correlations with crop yield.
397 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Timing nitrogen applications for corn in a winter legume conservation-tillage
system.
Reeves, D.W.; Wood, C.W.; Touchton, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 98-106; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Conservation tillage; Trifolium incarnatum;
Cover crops; Coastal plain soils; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Application date; Timing; Nutrient
uptake; Nitrogen; Use efficiency; Crop yield; Grain; Dry matter accumulation;
Split dressings
Abstract: Fertilizer N efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) in conservation-
tillage systems with winter legumes such as crimson clover (Trifolium
incarnatum L.) can possible be improved by better synchronization of legume-N
release, fertilizer-N application time, and crop demand for N. The objective of
this 3-yr (1986-1988) field experiment was to determine the effect of N
application time on dry matter accumulation, N uptake, and grain yield of corn
grown in a winter legume conservation-tillage system. Corn was planted with
unit planters into crimson clover residue following in-row subsoiling. The
clover was killed at midbloom every year. Treatments were a factorial
arrangement of fertilizer N rates and application time. Nitrogen as NH4NO3 was
broadcast at rates of 34, 67, and 134 kg ha(-1). Zero-N checks were also
included in both clover and rye (Secale cereal L.) plots. Application times
were at planting, or 3, 6, or 9 wk later. In addition, split applications (1/3
at planting and the remainder 6 wk later) of the 67 and 134 kg N ha(-1) rates
were included. In 2 of 3 yr, dry matter accumulation was not affected by N
application time. In 1987, however, dry matter production was greater when N
was applied at planting compared to split applications or applications later
than 3 wk after planting. Application time affected N uptake patterns during
the growing season, but generally did not affect total N uptake at the end of
the season. With the exception of the first year, split N applications resulted
in equivalent or reduced N uptake compared to application of all N at planting.
Based on linear regression models, maximum yield was obtained with 134, 116,
and 93 kg N ha(-1) in 1987, 1988, and 1989, respectively. After the first year,
applying N later than 6 wk after planting reduced grain yield and split
applications of N were not effective in increasing grain yield. These results
suggest that the fertilizer N requirement of corn grown in winter legume
conservation -tillage syste
398 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Tolerance of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus) to herbicides.
Cai, Z.L.; Brauen, S.E.; Gealy, D.R.; Johnston, W.J.; Lumpkin, T.A.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p.
104-107; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Astragalus sinicus; Green manures; Screening; Weed control;
Chemical control; Herbicides; Selectivity; Crop damage; Phytotoxicity
399 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Tolerance to acid soil conditions of the velvet beans Mucuna pruriens var.
utilis and M. deeringiana.
Hairiah, K.; Noordwijk, M. van; Setijono, S.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 227-237; 1991. In the
series analytic: Plant-soil interactions at low pH / edited by R.J. Wright,
V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann. Proceedings of the second international
symposium, June 24-29, 1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mucuna pruriens; Mucuna deeringiana; Acid soils; Aluminum;
Phytotoxicity; Roots
Abstract: Velvet beans, fast growing leguminous cover crops used in the humid
tropics, are shallow rooted on acid soils. This might be due to an inherent
branching pattern, to an intrinsic toxicity of the acid subsoil or to a
relative preference for root development in the topsoil. Such preference could
be based on soil chemical factors in the subsoil or on physical factors such as
penetration resistance or aeration. In a field experiment with two species of
velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and M. deeringiana) all topsoil was
removed and plants were sown directly into the acid subsoil. Root development
was neither affected by this treatment nor by P fertilization or liming. In the
absence of topsoil good root development in the exposed upper layer of subsoil
was possible, so the hypothesis of a toxicity per se of the subsoil could be
rejected. To test whether poor root development in the subsoil in the presence
of topsoil is due to an inherent branching pattern of the plant or to a
relative preference for topsoil, a modified in-growth core technique was used.
Local topsoil and subsoil and an acid soil with a higher exchangeable Al
content were placed in mesh bags at different depths and at different bulk
densities, with and without lime and/or P fertilizer. A comparison of root
development in mesh bags placed in the topsoil or subsoil showed that position
and thus inherent branching pattern is not important. Root development in the
subsoil was poor when this soil was placed in a mesh bag in the topsoil, but in
an acid soil of much higher exchangeable Al content and higher percentage Al
saturation more roots developed. In a second experiment in mesh bags, bulk
density of the repacked soil in the range 1.0-1.5 g cm-3 had no significant
effect on root development. P fertilization and a high rate of liming of the
soil placed in the mesh bag had a positive effect on root length density. It is
concluded that poor root development in the acid subsoil under field conditions
400 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Transfomrations of residual fertilizer P in a semi-arid tropical soil under
eight-year peanut-wheat rotation.
Aulakh, M.S.; Pasricha, N.S.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Aug.
Fertilizer research v. 29 (2): p. 145-152; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Cabt; Arachis hypogaea; Triticum aestivum; Rotations;
Semiarid soils; Tropical soils; Phosphorus; Cycling; Transformation; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Residual effects; Nutrient availability; Stability
Abstract: Long-term transformations of residual phosphorus (P) governs the
availability of phosphorus to crops. Very limited information is available on
the transformations of residual fertilizer P in semi-arid tropical soils under
long-term crop rotations. Therefore, using sequential phosphorus fractionation
procedure, we studied changes in labile and stable forms of inorganic and
organic P in a semi-arid alluvial soil (Typic Ustisamments) after eight years
of annual fertilizer P application either to one crop (alternate) or to both
crops (cumulative) in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)
rotation. Total residual fertilizer P in soil (P recovered from P-fertilized
minus control plots) ranged from 62 to 176 mg P kg(-1). In the alternate P
treatments (P applied to peanut or wheat only), on an average of 3 rates of
applied P (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha(-1)), in surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15
to 30 cm) soil, respectively, residual fertilizer P consisted of 14.8 and 2.2%
resin-P, 8.6 and 2.8% NaHCO3-P, 6.3 and 0% microbial-P, 31.4 and 4.2% NaOH-P,
7.8 and 3.0% aggregate protected-P, 12.5 and 3.0% HCl-P, 3.4 and 0% H2SO4-P.
The corresponding values for surface and subsurface soils of cumulative P
treatments (P applied to both peanut and wheat) were: 12.8 and 1.6% resin-P,
6.9 and 2.3% NaHCO3-P, 4.7 and 0% microbial-P, 32.5 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 5.6 and
2.0% aggregate protected-P, 14.8 and 3.8% HCl-P, 6.7 and 2.1% H2SO4-P.
Considerable lower values for the 15-30 cm depth indicate only a very small
movement of residual P to the subsoil. Significantly lower amount of fertilizer
P (28% and 44%) found in labile (resin, NaHCO3 and microbial P) and semi-labile
(NaOH and sonicated NaOH P) fractions for the cumulative P treatment than
alternate P treatment (35 and 46%, respectively) suggests that increased rates
and frequency of applied P tend to enhance the conversion of residual P to
stable forms which are less available to plants. About 12 to 19% of residual
fertilizer P found as organic P in labile and semi-labile forms confirmed that
organic P increased with long-term fertilizer management. In conclusion, the
results of our study suggest that the alternate application of fertilizer P to
a crop, as is shown for wheat, helps reduce the transformations of residual P
to stable P forms.
401 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
The transport of bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff.
Sharpley, A.N.; Smith, S.J.; Jones, O.R.; Berg, W.A.; Coleman, G.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (1): p. 30-35; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Texas; Phosphorus; Runoff; Watersheds; Farmland;
Bioavailability; Phosphorus fertilizers; Tillage; Minimum tillage; No-tillage;
Rotations; Fallow; Stubble mulching; Triticum aestivum; Grasses; Arachis
hypogaea; Sorghum bicolor; Losses from soil systems
Abstract: Bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff represents P potentially
available for algal uptake and consists of soluble P (SP) and a variable
portion of particulate P (PP). Evaluation of the impact of agricultural
management on BAP in runoff will aid assessment of the resultant biological
productivity of receiving water bodies. Soluble P, PP, and bioavailable PP
(BPP) (estimated by NaOH extraction) were determined over a 5-yr period in
runoff from 20 unfertilized and fertilized, grassed, and cropped watersheds in
the Southern Plains. Soluble P, BPP, and BAP loss in runoff was reduced by
practices minimizing erosion and runoff, with respective mean annual amounts
ranging from 237 to 122, 1559 to 54, and 1796 to 176 g P ha-1 yr-1 (for peanut-
sorghum [Arachis hypogaea L.-Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and native grass
watersheds, respectively). However, as vegetative cover improved, BAP (SP plus
BPP) comprised a larger portion of total P (TP) loss (29% for peanut-sorghum
and 88% for native grass). This results from an increasing contribution to BAP
of SP (13% for peanut-sorghum and 69% for native grass watersheds) and BPP to
PP (26% for peanut-sorghum and 69% for native grass watersheds). Clearly, P
bioavailability is a dynamic function of physiochemical processes controlling
erosion, particle size enrichment, P desorption-dissolution reactions, and
plant residue breakdown, in addition to soil and fertilizer P management.
Hence, the change in trophic state of a water body may not be adequately
reflected by TP inputs only. To more reliably evaluate the biological response
of a water body to agricultural P inputs, particularly from conservation
tillage practices, it may be necessary to determine BAP in runoff.
402 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Triazine carryover in semi-arid conditions.
Chivinge, O.A.; Mpofu, B.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1990 Dec.
Crop protection v. 9 (6): p. 429-432; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea; Rotations; Weed control;
Chemical control; Atrazine; Prometon; Metolachlor; Terbuthylazine; Herbicide
mixtures; Persistence; Herbicide residues; Leaching; Application rates;
Phytotoxicity; Crop yield; Grain; Yield losses
403 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Tropical corn offers new options for conservation-tillage.
Kingery, R.C.; Reeves, D.W.; Mask, P.L.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1993.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
v. 40 (1): p. 12; 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Conservation tillage; Rotations; Cultivars;
Trifolium pratense; Nitrogen; Crop yield; Cost benefit analysis
404 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Tropical lowland rice response to preceding crops, organic manures and nitrogen
fertilizer.
Meelu, O.P.; Morris, R.A.; Centeno, H.S.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 96-100; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Sequential cropping; Farmyard manure;
Green manures; Sesbania; Vigna radiata; Zea mays; Crop yield; Residual effects;
Urea fertilizers; Lowland areas
405 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Twelve-year tillage and corp rotation effects on yields and soil chemical
properties in northeast-Iowa.
Karlen, D.L.; Berry, E.C.; Colvin, T.S.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 2 (19/20): p. 1985-2003;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Loam soils; Rotations; Continuous
cropping; Plowing; Chiselling; Ridging; No-tillage; Sustainability; Crop yield;
Grain; Soil ph; Soil organic matter; Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium;
Carbon; Nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Nutrient
availability; Soil depth; Use efficiency; Fertilizers; Application rates; Plant
analysis; Nutrient content; Fertilizer requirement determination; Seasonal
variation
406 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Urea hydrolysis in wetland soil amended with Sesbania aculeata green manure and
rice straw.
Khind, C.S.; Bajwa, M.S.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (1): p. 65-67; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indian punjab; Green manures; Rice straw; Sesbania aculeata; Soil
amendments; Urea; Hydrolysis; Decomposition
407 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Use of green manure crops in control of Hirschmanniella mucronata and H.
oryzae in irrigated rice.
Prot, J.C.; Soriano, I.R.S.; Matias, D.M.; Savary, S.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Mar.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (1): p. 127-132; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Hirschmanniella mucronata; Hirschmanniella oryzae;
Sesbania; Aeschynomene; Green manures; Nematode control; Rotations
Abstract: Four field experiments were conducted to study the effect of
Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera as rotational and green manure
crops on the population dynamics of Hirschmanniella mucronata and H. oryzae,
and subsequent rice yields. The sequential cropping of the legumes with rice
controlled both nematode species. In two experiments, yield of rice was related
to the nematode population densities at planting and harvesting of the second
rice crop (R2 = 0.391, P less than 0.001, and R2 = 0.57, P less than 0.001),
regardless of the treatments. Rice yield increases were attributed to
nutritional effect of the green manure and the reduction of the nematode
populations or the modification of a factor(s) linked to the nematode
populations induced by their cropping. As the two leguminous crops do not
generate direct return, using them to control the rice-root nematodes was not
economical, despite the significant yield increase obtained.
408 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1992 H367
The use of legume cover crops in an ecofallow rotation in the central Great
Plains.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Agronomy
Hanson, Gordon E.
1992; 1992.
v, 105 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
409 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Using on-farm trials to study the benefits of feed legumes in barley-based
rotations of north-west Syria.
Thomson, E.F.; Jaubert, R.; Oglah, M.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (2): p. 143-154; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Syria; Hordeum vulgare; Fallow; Rotations; Lathyrus sativus; Pisum
sativum; Vicia sativa; Phosphorus fertilizers; Crop yield; Ewes; Lambs;
Liveweight gain; Milk production
410 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Utilizing legume cropping systems to reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements
for conservation-tilled corn.
Oyer, L.J.; Touchton, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (6): p. 1123-1127; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Winter; Cover crops;
Trifolium incarnatum; Seasonal cropping; Continuous cropping; Sequential
cropping; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient requirements; Application rates; Crop
yield; Grain; Conservation tillage
Abstract: The need to reduce production costs has promoted a renewed interest
in using legumes as a source of N for non-leguminous summer crops. Development
of legume cropping systems which will permit reseeding of winter cover-crop
legumes is a promising approach to reducing legume establishment costs. Field
studies were conducted in Alabama for 4 yr on Wynnville sandy loam and Dothan
fine-sandy loam soils (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Glossic Fragiudults and
Plinthic Paleudults, respectively) to determine the effects of both cash crop
and winter cover-crop legumes in cropping systems on N fertilizer requirements
of corn (Zea mays L.) grown in a conservation-tillage system. On the Wynnville
soil, soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) was more effective in providing early
season N, and clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) in providing late-season N. The
system with both soybean and clover resulted in an even more effective
contribution of N to corn grain yield, and a higher yield level than that of
continuous corn regardless of N fertilizer rate. On the Dothan soil, the
benefits of cropping systems were not as pronounced, and the responses were
eliminated by N fertilization, suggesting increased yields were due to N and
not to a rotation effect. On both soils, in years of adequate and inadequate
rainfall, the reseeding crimson clover system, in combination with a soybean-
corn rotation, consistently produced the highest yields of the systems studied,
and provided a 68 to 159 kg N ha-1 fertilizer equivalent for corn.
411 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Variability of several forms of soil nitrogen in two rice fields.
Pettygrove, G.S.; Jiayou, D.; Williams, J.F.; Wick, C.; Hafez, A.A.B.; DeBoer,
G.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21 (13/16): p. 1843-1855;
1990. Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Soil Testing and
Plant Analysis," August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia benghalensis; Soil chemistry; Nitrogen; Rice soils; Green
manures
412 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Velvetbean for the management of root-knot and southern blight in peanut.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Kloepper, J.W.; Robertson, D.G.; Wells, L.W.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1992 Jun.
Nematropica v. 22 (1): p. 75-80; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Meloidogyne arenaria; Nematode control;
Aldicarb; Cultural control; Rotations; Corticium rolfsii; Fungus control
413 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Volatile loss of nitrogen during decomposition of legume green manure.
Janzen, H.H.; McGinn, S.M.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (3): p. 291-297; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lens culinaris; Green manures; Decomposition; Ammonia;
Volatilization; Losses from soil systems
Abstract: Significant amounts of volatile ammonia (NH3) may be lost from
agricultural ecosystems. While NH3 volatilization from fertilizers has been
well-documented, corresponding losses from crop residues, particularly legume
green manures, have not been adequately quantified. Ammonia losses from
decomposing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) green manure were measured under
controlled conditions by applying residue to soil inside sealed chambers,
establishing air flow and periodically measuring accumulated NH3 loss using
acid traps. Three consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the
effect of residue placement, air flow rate and green manure composition,
respectively. The first experiment, using a relatively slow flow rate (0.07
chamber displacements min(-1)), demonstrated significant volatilization of NH3
(5% of applied N after 56 days) from green manure placed on or suspended above
the soil. Incorporating the green manure into soil almost eliminated NH3
losses. Drying and rewetting the residues after the initial 28 days had only a
small stimulatory effect on subsequent volatile losses. A second experiment
indicated that maximum volatilization could be achieved at air flow rates of
0.3 chamber displacements min(-1) or higher. A third experiment, using an
optimum flow rate (0.5 displacements min(-1)), demonstrated significantly
higher volatile N losses from field-grown lentil material (14% over 14 days)
than from hydroponically cultured lentil material (8% over 14 days). This
difference was attributed, in part, to higher soluble N concentrations in the
former residue. Ammonia volatilization consistently demonstrated similar
temporal patterns: a rapid initial flush, apparently from the ammonification of
labile N, followed by an indefinite period of slow volatilization, probably
from the mineralization of more recalcitrant N fractions. The volatile loss of
labile N from decomposing green manure may appreciably diminish its fertility
benefit and represent an important
414 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues.
Bradow, J.M.; Connick, W.J. Jr
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 645-666; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allium cepa; Daucus carota; Lycopersicon esculentum; Allelopathy;
Volatile compounds; Germination inhibitors; Cover crops
Abstract: Volatile emissions from residues of the winter cover legumes,
Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). hairy vetch [Vicia hirsuta (L.)
S.F. Gray], and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), inhibited germination
and seedling development of onion, carrot. and tomato. Using GC-MS, 31 C2-C10
hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, and monoterpenes
were identified in these residue emission mixtures. Mixtures of similar
compounds were found in the volatiles released by herbicide-treated aerial and
root residues of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and the late-season
woody stems and roots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Vapor-phase onion,
carrot. and tomato seed germination bioassays were used to determine the time-
and concentration-dependent inhibition potential of 33 compounds that were
either identified in the plant residue emissions or were structurally similar
to identified compounds. Cumulative results of the bioassays showed that (E)-2-
hexenal was the most inhibitory volatile tested, followed by nonanal, 3-
methylbutanal, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. All the volatile mixtures examined
contained at least one compound that greatly inhibited seed germination.
415 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Water use evaluation of winter cover crops for no-till soybeans.
Zhu, J.C.; Gantzer, C.J.; Anderson, S.H.; Beuselinck, P.R.; Alberts, E.E.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1991 Nov.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 46 (6): p. 446-449; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Glycine max; Poa compressa; Stellaria media; Bromus
tectorum; Cover crops; Winter; No-tillage; Crop weed competition; Soil water
content; Water use; Time
416 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop.
Hoffman, M.L.; Regnier, E.E.; Cardina, J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
594-599; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Cabt; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cover crops; Vicia villosa;
Cultural weed control; Alternative farming; Low input agriculture; Glyphosate;
Application rates; Efficacy; Chenopodium album; Competitive ability; Crop
yield; Yield losses; Sowing date
417 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Weed control in oat (Avena sativa)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and effect on next
year corn (Zea mays) yield.
Moomaw, R.S.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (4): p.
871-877; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Cabt; Avena sativa; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Herbicide
resistance; Rotations; No-tillage; Weed control; Herbicides; Crop density; Crop
yield; Drought
418 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Weed management guide for 1991.
Hartzler, R.G.; Owen, M.D.K.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1990 Dec.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 48 p.; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Weed control; Cultural control; Chemical
control; Herbicides; Tillage; Rotations
419 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Weed management in peanuts.
York, A.C.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State
University v.): p. 43-77; 1991 Dec. In the series analytic: 1992 Peanuts.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Weed control; Rotations;
Cultivation; Herbicides; Application rates; Application date; Weeds; Hay;
Safety
420 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides, and crop rotation sequence.
Ball, D.A.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992.
Weed science v. 40 (4): p. 654-659; 1992. Paper presented at the "Symposium on
crop/weed management and the dynamics of weed seedbanks," February 11, 1992,
Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris; Beta vulgaris; Weed biology; Weed
control; Chemical control; Herbicides; Seed banks; Plowing; No-tillage;
Conservation tillage; Population dynamics; Cropping systems; Models
Abstract: Changes in the weed seedbank due to crop production practices are an
important determinant of subsequent weed problems. Research was conducted to
evaluate effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing),
secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in
the soil seedbank in three irrigated row crop rotational sequences over a 3-yr
period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr,
continuous pinto beans for 3 yr, or sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the
third year. Cropping sequence was the most dominant factor influencing species
composition in the seedbank. This was partly due to herbicide use in each
cropping sequence producing a shift in the weed seedbank in favor of species
less susceptible to applied herbicides. A comparison between moldboard and
chisel plowing indicated that weed seed of predominant species were more
prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The number of predominant
annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seedbank
after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing unless effective weed
control could be maintained to produce a decline in seedbank number. In this
case, seedbank decline was generally more rapid after moldboard plowing. Row
cultivation generally reduced seedbanks of most species compared to
uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences. A simple model
was developed to validate the observation that rate of change in the weed
seedbank is influenced by type of tillage and weed control effectiveness.
421 NAL Call. No.: MeUUniv. 1992 S8
Weed suppression in no-till broccoli using crimson clover, barley and pea cover
crops.. PLANT, SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE - 1992
Sutch, Barbara Ann, Orono, Me.,; 1992.
81 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves 73-80.
Language: English
Descriptors: No-tillage; Weeds; Broccoli
422 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Wheat response after temperature crop legumes in south-eastern Australia.
Evans, J.; Fettell, N.A.; Coventry, D.R.; O'Connor, G.E.; Walsgott, D.N.;
Mahoney, J.; Armstrong, E.L.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (1): p. 31-43. maps; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Victoria; Triticum; Legumes; Nitrogen; Nutrient
availability; Rotations; Soil fertility; Varieties; Yield response functions
423 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Wheat stubble management affects growth, survival, and yield of winter grain
legumes.
Huggins, D.R.; Pan, W.L.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 823-829; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Triticum aestivum; Pisum sativum; Lens culinaris; No-
tillage; Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Stubble cultivation;
Growth; Survival; Winter hardiness; Crop yield
Abstract: The adoption of no-tillage systems in the Pacific Northwest will
benefit from the development of crop rotations that complement winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.). Experiments were conducted during 1986-1987 and
1988-1989 to determine the effects of wheat residue and fertility management on
the growth, winter survival, and yield of 'Glacier' Austrian winter pea (Pisum
sativum subsp. arvense L.) and winter lentil (Lens colinaris Medik.). No-
tillage (NT) and no-tillage with reduced stubble (NT-SR) enhanced soil moisture
conservation and increased the early growth of Austrian winter pea (AWP),
compared with conventional tillage (CT). Decreased shoot mass of winter lentil
(WL) in NT, and elongated stems and reduced branching of AWP and WL in NT, were
attributed to shading by stubble that reduced photosynthetically active
radiation and red/far-red ratios. Winter survival of AWP during 1986-1987 was
reduced in NT (78%), compared with NT-SR (91%) and CT (96%), but no differences
occurred in 1988-1989. Less aboveground tissue necrosis of surviving AWP
occurred in NT than in NT-SR and CT for both years. Greater average yields in
NT (3568 kg ha-1) and NT-SR (3530 kg ha-1) than in CT (2700 kg ha-1) were
correlated with greater fall growth and less winter injury. Residue management
did not influence the yield of WL. Applied P and K did not have consistent
effects on winter survival or yield. These results indicate that winter grain
legumes can be used to complement wheat production in the design of no-tillage
rotations.
424 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N3C66
When should and alfalfa field be replaced?.
Myer, G.L.; Lewis, S.R.; Pardew, J.B.
Reno, Nev. : The College; 1990.
Fact sheet - College of Agriculture, University of Nevada-Reno, Nevada
Cooperative Extension (90-07): 4 p.; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nevada; Medicago sativa; Rotations
425 NAL Call. No.: SB320.7.M3V43
Winter cover crops.
Sharp, D.
College Park, Md. : Cooperative Extension Service; 1990.
Vegetable views newsletter v. 1 (2): p. 7-8; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cover crops; Erosion control; Legumes; Nitrogen
fixation; Weed control
426 NAL Call. No.: S79.E37
Yield and nitrogen content of legume cover crops grown in Mississippi.
Varco, J.J.; Sanford, J.O.; Hairston, J.E.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Aug.
Research report - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v.
16 (10): 4 p.; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cover crops; Legumes; Crop yield; Nitrogen content
427 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Yield effect of pulses on subsequent cereal crops in the northern prairies.
Wright, A.T.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 70 (4):
p. 1023-1032; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Vicia faba; Lens
culinaris; Pisum sativum; Rotations; Sequential cropping; Tillage; Seeds; Crop
yield; Yield increases; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient availability
428 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
The yield of wheat following lupins: effects of different lupin genotypes and
management.
Hamblin, J.; Delane, R.; Bishop, A.; Adam, G.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1993.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 44 (4): p. 645-659; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Lupinus albus; Lupinus angustifolius; Lupinus
varius; Genotypes; Triticum; Crop management; Crop yield; Rotations
429 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Zinc deficiency in wheat and lupins in Western Australia is affected by the
source of phosphate fertiliser.
Riley, M.M.; Gartrell, J.W.; Brennan, R.F.; Hamblin, J.; Coates, P.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1992.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (4): p. 455-463; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Lupinus angustifolius; Triticum aestivum; Trace
element deficiencies; Zinc; Zinc fertilizers; Long term experiments; Rock
phosphate; Superphosphates; Diammonium phosphate; Rotations
Author Index
Abdul-Baki, A.A. 262
Adam, G. 428
Adamsen, F.J. 216
Aflkpui, G.K.S. 118
Aggarwal, G.C. 29
Ahmed, S. 15
Alberta, Alberta Agriculture 220
Alberts, E.E. 415
Allmaras, R.R. 50
Ambrosious, J.E. 36
Amir, I. 217
An, Z.Q. 155
An, Zhi-qiang, 175p
Ananth, S. 391
Andersen, R.N. 347
Anderson, G.W. 118
Anderson, I.C. 324
Anderson, S.H. 154, 415
Anderson, W.K. 199
Andrade, F.H. 255
Andraski, T.W. 349
Angers, D.A. 88, 238
Antoun, H. 172, 292, 319
Armstrong, E.L. 422
Arrigo, N.M. 74
Asakawa, S. 79
Asghar, M. 49, 110
Atallah, T. 289
Aulakh, M.S. 222, 225, 400
Auld, D.L. 133
Backman, P.A. 18
Badaruddin, M. 180
Baddesa, H.S. 225
Bagayoko, M. 132
Baglio, J.V. 260
Bahl, G.S. 225
Bahler, C.C. 119
Bahr, J.R. 94
Bailey, J.E. 273
Bailey, K.L. 137
Bailey, L.D. 296
Bailie, J.E. 174, 235
Bajwa, M.S. 406
Baker, J.B. 213
Balasubramanian, V. 170
Baldridge, D. 20
Ball, D.A. 420
Bandele, O.A. 259
Barber, K.L. 54
Barker, K.R. 123, 169
Barnes, P.L. 331
Basson, S. 152
Basta, N.T. 105
Bauder, J.W. 72
Bauer, P.J. 52
Beaule, R. 15
Becker, D.L. 234
Becker, M. 181, 372
Bell, M.J. 114
Bender, A. 130
Benoit, D.L. 28
Benson, V.W. 260
Berg, R.D. 293
Berg, W.A. 401
Bergen, P. 95
Berglund, D.R. 362
Berry, E.C. 405
Beste, C.E. 330
Beuselinck, P.R. 415
Biederbeck, V.O. 38, 100, 102, 166, 296
Bischoff, J. 130
Bishop, A. 428
Bissonnette, N. 238
Black, J.R. 369
Blackmer, A.M. 264, 354
Blevins, R.L. 218, 377
Blue, W.G. 295
Bodker, L. 203
Bole, J.B. 166
Bolland, M. D. A. 322
Bolland, M.D.A. 77, 323
Bolton, F. 150
Boparai, B.S. 107
Boquet, D.J. 316
Bouldin, D.R. 27
Bourassa, J. 172, 292, 319
Bowen, W.T. 27, 158
Bowmer, K.H. 16
Bowren, K.E. 101, 102
Bradford, S. 78
Bradow, J.M. 414
Brauen, S.E. 398
Bremer, A.H. 33
Bremer, E. 274, 345
Brennan, R.F. 429
Broadway, R. 57, 246
Brock, T.A. 72
Brown, J.R. 154, 266
Brown, P.R. 99
Brown, R.E. 320
Browne, J. 42
Bruce, R.R. 73, 353, 387
Brunson, K.E. 48, 379
Buchanan, M. 25, 308, 344
Buckerfield, J.C. 89
Bugg, R.L. 48, 379
Buhler, D.D. 211
Bundy, L.G. 349
Buresh, R.J. 160, 247
Burmester, C.H. 283
Burton, R.O. Jr 113
Bushby, H.V.A. 114
Byers, R.A. 119
Cabelguenne, M. 24
Cahn, M.D. 27
Cai, Z.L. 398
Campbell, C.A. 38, 100, 101, 102, 103, 382
Canada 101
Carden, E.L. 8, 339, 340, 356
Cardina, J. 62, 416
Carlson, C. 130
Carlson, G.R. 96
Carsky, R.J. 158
Carter, D.L. 293
Carter, P.R. 261, 386
Cartwright, B. 12, 309
Castillo, E.G. 160
Castner, E.P. 186
Celetti, M.J. 196, 197
Centeno, H.S. 404
Chalifour, F.P. 172, 292, 319
Chalk, P.M. 30
Chan, K.Y. 128
Chandler, K. 28
Chase, C. 92, 93
Chaudhary, S.L. 325
Cheam, A.H. 231
Chivinge, O.A. 402
Christenson, D.R. 171
Christie, B.R. 39
Christmas, E.P. 206
Chua, T.T. 160
Claassen, M.M. 67
Clancy, J.A. 19
Clapham, W.M. 129
Clark, A.J. 298
Clark, E.A. 39
Clark, R.T. 69
Clegg, M.D. 290
Coates, P. 429
Cohn, M.A. 213
Coleman, G.A. 401
Colvin, T.S. 396, 405
Connick, W.J. Jr 414
Conti, M.E. 74
Cook, R. 116
Cook, R.J. 267
Coolman, R.M. 200
Copeland, P.J. 50, 70, 336
Corak, S.J. 221
Costantini, A.O. 74
Coventry, D.R. 6, 7, 422
Cox, F.R. 281, 282
Cravo, M.S. 27, 60, 258, 272
Crews, J.R. 332
Crookston, R.K. 50, 70, 189, 336
Cross, R.B. 257
Cruse, R.M. 215
Cudnohufsky, J. 97
Cummins, C.G. 389
Curl, E.A. 63
Curran, W.S. 135
Currin, R.E. III 65
Dabney, S.M. 291, 316
Damicone, J.P. 80, 355
Danso, S.K.A. 156
Datta, S.K.De 247
Davis, J.M.L. 342
De Waele, D. 152
DeBoer, G. 411
Decker, A.M. 43, 161, 298
Deep, I.W. 207
DeFelice, M.S. 55, 209, 360
DeGregorio, R. 42
Delane, R. 428
Denton, H.P. 61, 384
Derksen, D.A. 28, 138, 139
Deziel, G. 42
Diamond, J. 333
Dick, W.A. 44, 394
Dickerson, O.J. 368
Dickson, D.S. 242
Dillard, A.L. 387
Ditterline, R. 20
Dizon, M.A. 178
Dobbs, T.L. 234
Doran, J.W. 56, 222
Dormaar, J.F. 312
Doster, D.H. 206
Dowler, C.C. 185
Downing, J.L. 15
Drury, C.F. 81
Drye, C.E. 368
Duffy, M. 92, 93
Dukpa, P. 269
Dunand, R.T. 213
Dunn, G.H. 226
Dunn, R. 20
Dunphy, E.J. 1
Dutcher, J.D. 48, 173, 278, 305, 379
Dyke, P.T. 24
Eason, J.T. 334
Easton, G.D. 286
Echeverria, H.E. 255
Echtenkamp, G.W. 149
Eckert, D.J. 31
Edwards, C.R. 357
Edwards, D.G. 230
Edwards, I. 163
Edwards, J.H. 10, 334, 388, 389
Edwards, L.M. 204
Edwards, W.M. 44, 394, 395
El-Hout, N.M. 264
Elliot, P.C. 212
Ellis, J.R. 176
Elmore, C.D. 75, 371
Enache, A.J. 373
Erbach, D.C. 396
Esau, R. 32
Evans, D.R. 116
Evans, J. 422
Evans, S.D. 363, 364, 393
Evanylo, G.K. 280
Everson, D.O. 131
Ewing, R.P. 384
Exner, D.N. 215
Ezueh, M.I. 299
Faghihi, J. 357
Fairey, N.A. 270
Faris, M.A. 17
Fawcett, R.G. 64
Fay, P.K. 96
Fellows, G.M. 96
Ferguson, M. 314
Fernandes, J.M.C. 376
Fernandez, M.R. 376
Ferris, H. 370
Ferris, J.M. 357
Fettell, N.A. 422
Findlay, W.I. 81
Finkner, S.C. 390
Fisher, J.R. 86
Fixen, P.E. 76
Flowerday, A.D. 304
Foltz, J.C. 165, 198
Foord, K.E. 370
Ford, J.H. 336, 363, 364, 393
Fortnum, B.A. 65
Foster, R.K. 117
Foulke, J. 68
Fox, J.A. 358
Francl, L.J. 275
Frankenberger, W.T. Jr 294
Frans, R.E. 26, 142, 245
Friesen, G.H. 318E
Frye, W.W. 218, 221, 377, 392
Fuentes, M. 183
Fulkerson, R.S. 39
Furoc, R.E. 178
Gallaher, B.N. 21
Gallaher, R.N. 232, 242, 277, 341, 352
Gallant, C.E. 204, 333
Gantzer, C.J. 154, 415
Gardner, W.K. 64
Garrity, D.P. 160
Gartrell, J.W. 429
Gealy, D.R. 398
Gelderman, R. 253, 254
Geremia, R. 139
Gerwing, J. 253, 254
Ghaffar, A. 315
Giesler, G.G. 184
Gill, D.W. 284
Gill, G. 231
Gilley, J.E. 390
Gilligan, C.A. 14
Gilmour, J.T. 239
Gladstones, J.S. 83
Goldern, A.M. 133
Gordon, W.B. 63
Gorelick, S.M. 348
Goyal, S. 265
Goyal, S.K. 106
Granier, J. 217
Grant, I.F. 193
Gray, M.E. 159
Greathead, A.S. 99
Green, C.C. 52
Greenfield, P.L. 205
Griffin, J.L. 213, 291, 307
Griffin, T.S. 171, 287
Griffith, D.R. 85, 206
Grubinger, V.P. 233
Grundon, N.J. 230
Guinto, D.F. 327
Gumbs, F.A. 98
Gunsolus, J.L. 237
Gurung, P.R. 269
Haahr, V. 111
Habetz, R.J. 337
Hafez, A.A.B. 411
Hagendorf, B.A. 21
Hairiah, K. 399
Hairston, J.E. 426
Hall, M.R. 118
Hall, R. 121, 122
Hamblin, J. 124, 428, 429
Hamilton, S.D. 30
Hammond, R.B. 201, 346
Hanlon, E.A. 352
Hanson, Gordon E. 408
Hanson, J.C. 298
Hanudin 288
Hardin, P.D. 260
Harger, T.J. 307
Harper, J.K. 113
Harper, Jayson K. 87
Harris, G.H. 171, 303
Hartman, G.L. 288
Hartwig, N.L. 263
Hartzler, R. 375
Hartzler, R.G. 418
Harvey, R.G. 35
Hatzios, K.K. 37
Havlin, J.L. 67
Hayward, A.C. 288
Heatherly, L.G. 75, 371
Heenan, D.P. 128, 210
Hegde, R.S. 11
Helms, T.C. 362
Helsel, Z.R. 55
Hemamda, H. 157
Henderson, A.B. 341
Hendrix, J.W. 155
Hendro, S.M.E. 276
Henn, R.A. €275
Hennebert, P. 194
Henson, G.T. 155
Herbek, J.H. 218
Herbel, K.L. 297
Hergert, G.W. 69
Herridge, D.F. 252
Herrington, B.E. Jr 367
Hershman, D.E. 155
Hesterman, O.B.€ 171, 287, 303, 351
Hicks, D.R. 91, 363, 364, 393
Hines, T.E. 37
Hinman, H. 2
Hoffman, L.D. 119
Hoffman, M.L. 416
Hofstetter, B. 301
Holderbaum, J.F. 161
Holford, I.C.R. 120€
Hong, W.F. 288
Hons, F.M. 383
Hooda, I.S. 265
Hoogenboom, G. 385
Hopmans, P. 30
Hopper, F.L. 54
Hornbaker, R.H. 168
Hornby, D. 14
Hornick, S.B. 9
Hoverstad, T.R. 347, 363, 364, 393
Hoyt, G.D. 200
Huang, W. 40
Huettel, R.N. 275
Huggins, D.R. 423
Hume, D.J. 365
Hurst, H.R. 53, 126
Hussain, A. 315
Huyck, L.M. 380
Ibeabuci, I.O. 5
Ikombo, B.M. 127
Ilnicki, R.D. 373
Imbriani, J.L. 236
Imholte, A.A. 261
Ingram, D.M. 267
Insam, H. 312
Jacobi, J.C. 18
Jans, Desiree 220
Janzen, H.H. 102, 103, 166, 413
Jaubert, R. 409
Jensen, E.S. 111
Jensen, Tom 220
Jiayou, D. 411
Johanson, J.B. 294
Johnson, A.W. 133
Johnson, D.H. 26, 191, 245
Johnson, G.A. 55
Johnson, K.D. 329
Johnson, W.C. III 62
Johnson, W.G. 26, 245
Johnston, H.W. 196, 197, 204
Johnston, W.J. 398
Jones, C.A. 24
Jones, J.W. 158
Jones, O.R. 401
Jordan, D.L. 26, 245
Kaaheh, W. 278
Kaakeh, W. 173, 305
Kahn, B.A. 343
Kamprath, E.J. 284
Kanne, B.K. 347, 363, 364, 393
Kapusta, G. 359
Karanja, D.R. 127
Karlen, D.L. 56, 405
Kaufusi, P. 110
Keating, B.A. 127
Keisling, T.C. 142
Kelley, K.W. 113
Kells, J.J. 97
Kendig, J.A. 26
Kendig, S.M. 310
Kharel, D.R. 269
Khind, C.S. 143, 406
Kimpinski, J. 196, 197, 204, 333
King, L.D. 25, 308, 344
King, P.S. 13, 51, 187, 356, 366
Kingery, R.C. 403
Kirkpatrick, T.L. 192
Kissel, D.E. 67
Klemme, R.M. 36
Klocke, N.L. 69
Kloepper, J.W. 412
Knake, E.L. 359
Knipfel, J.E. 382
Knox, M.L. 108
Koenigstein, K.W. 168
Koenning, S.R. 123
Kozub, G.C. 32
Krausz, R.F. 359
Kuhlman, D.E. 159
Kulasooriya, S.A. 241
Kurle, J.E. 336
Ladha, J.K 181
Ladha, J.K. 22, 147, 372
Lafond, G.P. 100
LaFond, G.P. 103
Lafond, G.P. 137, 138, 139, 382
Lal, R. 44
Lamont, W.J. Jr 223
Langdale, G.W. 73, 353, 387
Lantin, R.M. 40
Lathwell, D. J. 219
Latiff, A. 300
Latta, R.A. 41
Leach, S.S. 129
Leavitt, R.A. 97
Lee, J.G. 165
Leep, R.H. 97
Lefkoff, L.J. 348
Lefkovitch, L.P. 270
Legere, A. 88, 238
Lemon, R.G. 383
Leroul, N. 203
Letey, J. 78
Levine, E. 86
Lewis, S.A. 368
Lewis, S.R. 424
Leys, A.R. 210
Leyshon, A.J. 38, 103
Li, G.C. 131
Liboon, S.P. 160
Lichtenberg, E. 298
Liebl, R. 115
Liebl, R.A. 135
Lipps, P.E. 207
Liu, C.C. 195
Loeppky, H. 138
Long, J.H. 67
Lopez-Bellido, L. 183
Lopez-Real, J.M. 289
Lowell, K.A. 125
Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. 198
Lueschen, W.E. 336, 347, 363, 364, 393
Lumpkin, T.A. 398
Lund, M.G. 386
MacGuidwin, A.E. 374
Machmud, M. 46
MacKown, C.T. 392
MacLeod, J.A. 204
Madamba, C.P. 276
Maddux, L.D. 67, 331
Mahler, R.L. 131, 157
Mahoney, J. 422
Mallarino, A.P. 354
Manguiat, I.J. 327
Mannering, J.V. 85
Marr, C.W. 223
Martens, D.A. 294
Martin, D.L. 69
Martin, F.G. 295
Martin, M.A. 94, 165, 198
Martin, N.P. 91
Martin, R.A. 197
Marty, J.R. 24
Mask, P.L. 403
Mason, M.G. 248
Mason, S.C. 132, 176
Matias, D.M. 407
Matocha, J.E. 54
McComb, S.J. 36
McCoy, E.L. 44
McDonald, D. 228
McGawley, E.C. 361
McGill, W.B. 350
McGinn, S.M. 413
McIsaac, G.F. 381
McKenney, D.J. 81
McNevin, G.R. 35
McSorley, R. 232, 242, 277
Meelu, O.P. 178, 404
Mehan, V.K. 228
Meisinger, J.J. 43, 161
Melgar, R.J. 258
Melouk, H.A. 355
Melton, T.A. 140
Mendosa, T.C. 84
Mengel, D.B. 206
Messersmith, C.G. 34
Meyer, A.J. 152
Meyer, C.R. 85
Meyer, D.W. 180
Meyer, S.L.F. 275
Miller, C.H. 259
Miller, D.A. 11
Miller, W.P. 353
Millhollon, E.P. 184
Minotti, P.L. 233
Minton, N.A. 243
Mishra, M.M. 265
Mislevy, P. 295
Mitchell, C.C. 266, 312
Mitchell, C.C. Jr 332
Mitchell, J.K. 381
Mizen, K.A. 116
Mohler, C.L. 224
Moody, K. 212
Moomaw, R.S. 149, 417
Moore, W.F. 80, 358
Moorman, T.B. 185
Morrall, R.A.A. 15
Morris, R.A. 178, 404
Morris, T.F. 264
Mortensen, K. 137
Mosier, A.R. 4
Moulin, A.P. 102
Moyer, J.R. 32, 95
Mpofu, B. 402
Muehlchen, A.M. 153
Mueller, J.D. 368
Mughal, A.Q. 396
Mulford, F.R. 161
Mulla, D.J. 380
Mullens, T.A. 370
Mullinix, B.G. Jr 62
Mullins, G.L. 283
Murray, D.S. 186
Myer, G.L. 424
Myers, J.L. 317
Myhre, D.L. 352
Nagle, M.E. 286
Nash, A. 259
Navarro, C.A. 255
Nedel, J.L. 19
Nelson, W.A. 343
Nelson, W.W. 50
Nene, Y.L. 202
NeSmith, D.S. 385
Nielsen, R.L. 206
Nigam, S.N. 228
Noe, J.P. 236
Noordwijk, M. van 399
Norhayati, M. 230
Norman, R.J. 239
Novak, J.L. 332
O'Bannon, J.H. 244
O'Connor, G.E. 422
Oficial, R. 193
Oglah, M. 409
Oloumi-Sadeghi, H. 86
Olson, K.D. 91
Onyango, Ruth M. Adhiambo 227
Oplinger, E.S. 211, 386
Orf, J.H. 363, 364, 393
Ottow, J.C.G. 181
Overstreet, C. 361
Owen, M.D.K. 418
Owens, L.B. 394, 395
Oyer, L.J. 410
Painter, K.M. 162
Palm, C.A. 256
Palma, R.M. 74
Pan, W.L. 19, 423
Papastylianou, I. 148, 156
Pardew, J.B. 424
Pare, T. 172, 292, 319
Pareek, R.P. 147, 372
Parke, J.L. 153
Parr, J.F. 9
Parsons, S.D. 85, 206
Pasricha, N.S. 225, 400
Patel, M.V. 80, 358
Paxton, K.W. 184
Peaden, R. 244
Pearse, P.G. 15
Peck, T.R. 266
Pegues, M.L. 8
Peoples, M.B. 114, 252
Perez, A.S. 327
Peterson, T.A. 249, 250, 251, 304, 321
Pettygrove, G.S. 411
Phatak, S.C. 48, 379
Phillips, D.L. 260
Phillips, L.G. 121
Phillips, R.E. 226
Pinochet, J. 187
Pintor, R.M. 327
Plant, H.W. 197
Poe, G.L. 36
Porter, G.A. 129, 271, 328
Potts, W.E. 330
Powell, G.E. 326
Powell, N.T. 140
Power, J.F. 182, 222, 313, 390
Prasad, M.N.V. 23
Prasad, R. 106
Pratley, J.E. 64
Prestbye, L.S. 108
Prot, J.C. 276, 407
Puech, J. 217
Quigley, P.E. 41
Quintana, J.O. 158
Raimbault, B.A. 66
Rand, R.E. 153
Randall, G.W. 393
Ranells, N.N. 58, 59
Ranjha, A.M. 315
Rath, M.D. 235
Ravuri, V. 365
Reddy, M.V. 202
Redmond, C.E. 394
Rees, R.M. 314
Reeves, D.W. 397, 403
Regan, R.P. 213
Reganold, J.P. 380
Regnier, E.E. 416
Reise, R.W. 275
Renner, K.A. 326, 369
Reznicek, P.J. 390
Rice, W.A. 296
Rickerl, D.H. 63, 164, 335
Riepe, J.R. 94
Riley, M.M. 429
Ritzi, R.W. Jr 82
Roach, S.H. 52
Roberts, B.W. 12, 309, 343
Robertson, D.G. 8, 13, 18, 51, 187, 339, 340, 356, 366, 412
Robertson, D.R. 338
Robertson, J.A. 350
Roder, W. 176, 269
Rodriguez-Kabana, R. 8, 13, 18, 51, 187, 338, 339, 340, 356, 366, 412
Roessler, C.E. 295
Roeth, F.W. 136
Roger, P.A. 193
Rogers, P.A. 22
Roget, D.K. 311
Rosswall, T. 241
Rothrock, C.S. 192, 310
Rourke, R.V. 129
Rovira, A.D. 311
Rowell, C.P. 331
Rowland, I.C. 248
Roy, R.C. 90
Ruf, M.E. 388
Russelle, M.P. 351
Sabata, R.J. 132
Sahid, I.B. 300
Saladino, V.A. 383
Samaranayake, A. 141
Samson, N. 88, 238
Sanchez, P.A. 256
Sanders, B.J. 293
Sanders, D.C. 259
Sanderson, J.B. 204
Sanford, J.O. 426
Sarrantonio, M. 190
Sasser, J.N. 47, 236
Sastroutomo, S.S. 300
Saunders, L. 240
Savary, S. 407
Saxton, K. 150
Schaalje, G.B. 95
Schepers, J.S. 4
Schirman, R. 2
Schmidt, M.A. 91
Schmitt, D.P. 123, 169, 229
Schneekloth, J.P. 69
Schneekloth, Joel Philip 151
Schnitzer, M. 101, 382
Schonbeck, M. 42
Schreiber, M.M. 94, 208
Scott, H.D. 142
Sekayange, L. 170
Sekhon, N.K. 29
Selles, F. 38
Seneviratne, G. 241
Setijono, S. 399
Seymour, M.D. 286
Shade, H.M. 125
Shamshuddin, J. 230
Shapiro, C.A. 304, 320
Sharar, M.S. 315
Sharifuddin, H.A.H. 230
Sharma, B.D. 107
Sharma, H.C. 167
Sharma, R.C. 167
Sharma, S.N. 106
Sharp, D. 425
Sharpley, A.N. 401
Shaw, D.R. 134
Shea, P.J. 136
Sheaffer, C.C. 351
Sheldon, R.J. 329
Shennan, C. 99
Shipley, P.R. 43
Shock, C. 240
Shuford, J.W. 5
Silsbury, J.H. 177
Simmons, F.W. 115, 135
Simpson, I.C. 193
Simpson, J.R. 127
Simpson, L.A. 98
Sims, B.D. 209, 360
Sims, J. 20
Singh, B. 143
Singh, B.V. 106
Singh, K.K. 396
Singh, R. 265
Singh, S. 106
Singh, S.K. 202
Singh, Y. 143
Singogo, W. 223
Sipes, B.S. 169
Sisson, J.A. 271, 328
Sistani, K.R. 5
Slack, S.A. 374
Slattery, W.J. 6, 7
Slinkard, A.E. 166, 296
Smedegaard-Petersen, V. 203
Smith, C.J. 30
Smith, J.A. 174, 235
Smith, M. .- Smith, M.S. 392
Smith, M.A. 261
Smith, M.S. 221
Smith, R.T. 82
Smith, S.J. 401
Smolik, J.D. 164
Smyth, T.J. 60, 258, 272
Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program 219
Sorensen, D. 253, 335
Sorensen, D.R. 391
Sorenson, B.A. 136
Sorenson, D. 254
Soriano, I.R.S. 407
Stalknecht, G. 20
Staricka, J.A. 363, 364
Steed, G.R. 64
Steffey, K.L. 159
Steinhardt, G.C. 85, 206
Steinstra, W.C. 364
Stewart, V.R. 96
Stieber, T. 240
Stienstra, W.C. d363
Stoller, E.W. 115
Stout, W.L. 119
Stuart, C.A. 144, 145, 146, 367
Sullivan, G.A. 268
Sumner, D.R. 133
Sutch, Barbara Ann, 421
Sutton, J.C. 71
Swanton, C.J. 28, 90, 118
Sylvester-Bradley, R. 257
Ta, T.C. 17
Tabatabai, M.A. 105
Talbert, R.E. 26, 191, 245
Tasrif, A. 300
Taylor, A.C. 210
Taylor, R.W. 5
Teasdale, J.R. 214, 224, 262, 330
Tesar, M.B. 97
Thicke, F.E. 351
Thimmegowda, S. 112
Thompson, A.L. 154
Thomson, E.F. 409
Thorsness, K.B. 34
Thurlow, D.L. 334, 388
Tindall, Timothy Todd, 285
Tiraa, A.N. 49
Todd, T.C. 104
Touchton, J.T. 63, 397, 410
Townley-Smith, L. 101, 102, 296
Triplett, G.B. 394
Turco, R.F. 329
Ullrich, S.E. 19
Uribe, E. 281, 282
Utomo, M. 377
Uzzell, G. Jr 47
Van Bruggen, A.H.C. 99
Van Doren, D.M. 394
Van Kessel, C. 274, 345
Van Rees, H. 64
Varco, J.J. 392, 426
Varvel, G.E. 249, 250, 251, 320, 321
Vazquez, L. 352
Vencill, W.K. 37
Ventura, W. 179
Vivekanandan, M. 76
Volenec, J.J. 329
Voss, R. 92
Vough, L.R. 161
Vyn, T.J. 66, 71, 118
Wackers, F.L. 48, 379
Waddle, B.A. 142
Wagger, M.G. 58, 59, 61, 317, 384
Wall, D.A. 318
Walsgott, D.N. 422
Walsh, J.D. 209, 360
Walters, D.T. 222
Wang, S.W. 81
Wani, S.P. 350
Warman, P.R. 109
Warnes, D.D. 363, 364
Watanabe, I. 179, 195
Watanbe, I. 147
Wax, L.M. 115
Weaver, C.F. 51, 187, 338, 339
Weaver, D.B. 8, 334, 339, 340, 356
Webb, J. 92
Webb, J.R. 354
Weerakoon, W.L. 241
Weersink, A. 90
Weil, R.R. 125, 141
Wells, B.R. 239
Wells, L. 13, 51, 338, 366
Wells, L.W. 412
Welty, L. 20
Welty, L.E. 108
Werker, A.R. 14
Wesley, R.A. 75, 371
West, L.T. 353
Westcott, M. 20
Westcott, M.P. 108
Westerman, R.B. 186
Westerman, R.L. 266
Whitam, K. 361
White, R.H. 45
Whitfield, D.M. 64
Whiting, K.R. 189
Whiting, Kelly Reid 188
Wichman, D. 20
Wick, C. 411
Wilkins, D.E. 150
Williams, J.F. 411
Williams, J.R. 24, 113, 297, 331
Williams, P.T. 171
Williams, T.A. 116
Williams, W. 142
Wilson, H.P. 37
Wilson, J.M. 124
Wilson, R.L. Jr 73
Windham, T.E. 144, 145, 146, 367
Wixson, M.B. 134
Wood, C.W. 10, 388, 389, 397
Worsham, A.D. 45
Wright, A.T. 302, 427
Yadvinder-Singh 107
Yakovlev, V.Kh 378
Yan, L. 314
Yiridoe, E.K. 90
Yonts, C.D. 174, 235
York, A.C. 419
Young, D.L. 162
Young, R.W. 340
Yusoff, M.N.M. 230
Zachariassen, J.A. 313
Zaicou, C. 231
Zavalin, A.A. 279
Zentner, R.P. 38, 100, 101, 103, 139, 382
Zhu, J.C. 415
Zourarakis, Demetrio Periferachis, 306
Subject Index
1,3-dichloropropene 47, 65
2,4-d 45, 95, 186
Abiotic injuries 26, 97, 186, 191, 245, 360
Abutilon theophrasti 115, 211, 214, 347
Acid soils 109, 183, 230, 256, 284, 399
Acidification 6, 27
Acifluorfen 326
Acyrthosiphon pisum 305
Adaptation 183
Adsorption 105ª
Adverse effects 126
Aeschynomene 179, 181, 276, 407
Aeschynomene Americana 13, 340
Age structure 89
Aggregates 66, 74, 88, 107, 353, 380
Agricultural chemicals 93, 308
Agricultural policy 162, 234, 297
Agricultural prices 91
Agricultural regions 308
Agricultural research 247, 332
Agricultural soils 103, 121
Agriculture 164
Agronomy 266
Air temperature 56, 349
Alabama 3, 5, 10, 13, 18, 51, 63, 187, 266, 312, 332, 334, 338, 339, 340, 356,
366, 388, 389, 397, 403, 410, 412
Alachlor 35, 185, 211, 307
Alberta 32, 270, 350
Alcaligenes 79
Aldicarb 8, 13, 51, 116, 204, 338, 339, 366, 412
Alfalfa 36
Alfalfa hay 93
Alkaline phosphatase 238
Alkaline soils 32
Alkalinity 6
Allelopathins 11
Allelopathy 11, 208, 214, 414
Allium cepa 414
Alluvial soils3 167
Alternative farming 93, 94, 162, 165, 234, 260, 373, 380, 416
Aluminum 230, 399
Amaranthus hybridus 115
Amaranthus retroflexus 211
Amino acids 101
Amino nitrogen 382
Amino sugars 101
Ammonia 413
Ammonium 81, 105
Ammonium fertilizers 105, 166
Ammonium nitrate 38, 56, 67, 99, 172, 176, 270, 319, 320, 351
Ammonium nitrogen 160, 321
Ammonium sulfate 267, 274, 392
Anaerobic conditions 81
Analytical methods 22, 249
Animal manures 4, 314
Animal production 252
Annual field crops 73, 120
Annuals 166
Antagonists 13
Aphanomyces 153
Aphis craccivoraƒ 278
Aporrectodea caliginosa 89
Application date 59, 95, 115, 136, 237, 273, 280, 291, 326, 397, 419
Application methods 53, 135, 136, 369
Application rates 19, 26, 29, 32, 54, 92, 136, 149, 157, 160, 172, 209, 211,
225, 250, 251, 253, 264, 265, 268, 271, 273, 279, 280, 281, 282, 287, 291, 292,
317, 319, 320, 321, 326, 328, 331, 349, 351, 354, 377, 392, 397, 402, 405, 410,
416, 419
Aquifers 82, 348
Arachis hypogaea 3, 13, 18, 46, 51, 62, 112, 114, 152, 225, 228, 230, 268,
273, 338, 355, 366, 400, 401, 402, 412, 419
Argentina 255
Argillic horizons 280
Arkansas 26, 144, 145, 146, 191, 245, 310, 367
Ascochyta fabae 15
Asia 247
Assimilation 160, 345
Astragalus sinicus 398
Atrazine 16, 35, 55, 59, 97, 347, 402
Australia 83
Autumn 161, 207, 360, 363
Availability 17
Available water 171
Avena fatua 96
Avena sativa 16, 42, 56, 77, 93, 105, 108, 111, 129, 130, 154, 156, 171, 249,
250, 251, 263, 271, 275, 321, 328, 333, 347, 350, 352, 374, 417
Azolla 179, 193
Bacteria 185
Bacterial diseases 99, 140
Bactericides 288
Band placement 272
Barley straw 294
Base saturation 105
Belonolaimus 104
Beneficial insects 48
Bentazon 307
Bentazone 326
Beta vulgaris 32, 96, 174, 235, 420
Bhutan 269
Bioassays 11, 16, 186
Bioavailability 401
Biodegradation 84
Biological activity in soil 10, 74, 101, 102, 222, 238, 265, 345
Biological competition 288
Biological control 299
Biological production 195¢
Biomass 24, 42, 89, 100, 102, 143, 224, 238, 265, 269, 312, 316, 344, 345, 353
Biomass production 52, 178, 209, 235, 258, 289, 373
Biotypes 307
Black earths 120
Blending 78
Blight 15, 80
Bloat 20
Boron 268
Botanical composition 42
Bradyrhizobium 114
Bradyrhizobium japonicum 79, 365
Brassica campestris var. rapa 16
Brassica napus 32, 95, 96, 133, 318
Brassica napus var. napobrassica 333
Brassica oleracea 12, 129, 259, 373
Brassica oleracea var. capitata 309
Brassica oleracea var. italica 259
Brazil 27, 60, 258, 272
Broadcasting 272
Broccoli 421
Bromus diandrus 210, 231
Bromus inermis 100, 101, 103
Bromus rigidus 231
Bromus tectorum 415
Bulk density 72, 74, 107, 120, 222, 352, 388
Burundi 194
Butachlor 193
Cabt 19, 25, 26, 27, 40, 41, 50, 55, 102, 115, 128, 148, 157, 160, 165, 186,
189, 191, 194, 209, 224, 224, 228, 228, 232, 238, 245, 260, 262, 264, 277, 298,
308, 320, 334, 349, 351, 360, 365, 386, 400, 416, 417
Cadmium 105
Calcareous soils 311
Calcium 27, 31, 216, 230, 268, 405
Calibration 24
California 99, 370
Calopogonium caeruleum 300
Calopogonium mucunoides 300
Canavalia ensiformis 27, 187
Canopy 149
Captan 364
Carbofuran 193
Carbohydrates 238
Carbon 10, 25, 31, 67, 74, 100, 101, 105, 107, 120, 222, 238, 260, 265, 289,
344, 345, 389, 405
Carbon cycle 294, 312
Carbon dioxide 100
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 100, 101, 289, 405
Carbonates 82
Carthamus tinctorius 34, 202
Case studies 40, 91, 168
Cassia 13
Cation exchange capacity 105
Cations 27
Cattle manure 176, 223
Centrosema pubescens 300
Cereals 64, 127, 257
Chaff 267
Characterization 313
Chemical composition 88, 302
Chemical control 8, 26, 32, 35, 55, 95, 134, 135, 186, 191, 208, 211, 212,
245, 291, 307, 326, 360, 361, 366, 398, 402, 418, 420
Chemical properties 138
Chemical vs. cultural weed control 35
Chenopodium album 37, 115, 211, 214, 330, 416
Chernozemic soils 102
Chernozems 100, 101, 103
China 228, 398
Chiselling 88, 94, 129, 211, 238, 363, 364, 384, 387, 393, 405
Chloramben 211, 326
Chlorimuron 191, 359, 360
Chlorsulfuron 32, 318
Cicer arietinum 202
Citrullus lanatus 191
Clay loam soils 81, 105, 207, 318
Clay soils 16, 26, 75, 98, 222, 371
Climatic factors 42, 122, 182, 363
Clomazone 135, 211, 326, 359, 360
Clopyralid 34
Clover hay 240
Clovers 383
Coal mine spoil 5
Coarse textured soils 280, 294p
Coastal plain soils 61, 63, 280, 384, 397
Coastal plains 216
Cochliobolus sativus 124, 197, 376
Colletotrichum truncatum 15
Colonization 176
Colonizing ability 376
Colorado 348
Commodities 36
Companion crops 108
Companion planting 285
Comparisons 61, 93, 150, 217, 238, 274, 298, 380
Competitive ability 416
Composting 9
Computer simulation 165
Computer software ¡24, 85, 369
Conservation 43
Conservation tillage 10, 56, 63, 88, 89, 94, 95, 115, 150, 164, 238, 343, 363,
376, 388, 394, 395, 397, 403, 410, 420
Continuous cropping 6, 10, 14, 50, 61, 66, 67, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 94, 100,
101, 103, 105, 120, 140, 154, 165, 176, 198, 207, 249, 290, 321, 331, 336, 347,
350, 386, 388, 396, 405, 410
Copper 105
Corking 99
Corn belt states of U.S.A. 165, 198
Coronilla varia 263
Correlated responses 19
Correlation 80, 312, 352
Corticium rolfsii 51, 338, 355, 366, 412
Cost analysis 2, 367
Cost benefit analysis 94, 139, 212, 234, 403
Cost effectiveness analysis 354
Costs 162, 261, 348
Cotton 68
Cover crops 12, 21, 25, 33, 42, 43, 48, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 90, 99,
115, 119, 126, 142, 149, 161, 171, 182, 184, 190, 192, 200, 201, 214, 218, 221,
222, 224, 226, 233, 235, 246, 252, 256, 261, 262, 263, 289, 291, 298, 300, 301,
305, 309, 310, 313, 316, 317, 320, 330, 341, 343, 346, 373, 377, 383, 384, 385,
388, 390, 394, 395, 397, 410, 414, 415, 416, 425, 426
Coverage 42, 61
CRiconemella 242, 275, 277
Crop damage 26, 63, 95, 134, 135, 159, 186, 191, 245, 309, 326, 346, 359, 360,
398
Crop density 52, 215, 363, 364, 386, 393, 417
Crop establishment 45, 97, 116, 149, 215, 317
Crop growth stage 59, 76, 149, 221, 271, 280, 336
Crop losses 237
Crop management 4, 24, 56, 62, 100, 101, 105, 154, 163, 252, 270, 308, 384,
428
Crop mixtures 33, 161, 348
Crop production 39, 41, 64, 65, 128, 138, 184, 185, 200, 221, 252, 268, 269,
290, 296, 323, 363, 364, 367, 375
Crop quality 19, 91, 140, 183, 270, 286, 328
Crop residues 10, 11, 17, 25, 42, 49, 56, 61, 63, 67, 71, 81, 84, 100, 101,
115, 164, 221, 222, 224, 235, 239, 252, 258, 345, 351, 353, 363, 376, 386, 392,
393
Crop rotation 175, 285
Crop weed competition 42, 215, 237, 415
Crop yield 1, 6, 13, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 29, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44,
45, 49, 50, 52, 55, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66, 70, 71, 73, 75, 84, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95,
98, 99, 100, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123,
128, 132, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 149, 156, 157, 161, 163, 164, 167, 171,
172, 177, 178, 179, 180, 183, 184, 189, 199, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 211, 212,
215, 216, 218, 221, 223, 234, 241, 246, 250, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262,
263, 265, 268, 270, 271, 272, 279, 280, 281, 283, 286, 287, 290, 291, 293, 295,
298, 304, 307, 308, 312, 315, 317, 319, 321, 324, 325, 326, 328, 329, 331, 334,
336, 339, 340, 342, 348, 349, 351, 354, 355, 356, 359, 362, 363, 364, 373, 375,
377, 378, 383, 384, 385, 386, 393, 397, 402, 403, 404, 405, 409, 410, 416, 417,
423, 426, 427, 428
Cropping systems 17, 93, 125, 127, 133, 166, 202, 208, 229, 230, 236, 242,
247, 281, 282, 293, 308, 356, 372, 380, 420
Crops 72
Crotalaria 288
Crotalaria juncea 167, 178
Crotalaria spectabilis 187
Crown 197, 207
Cucumis melo 48, 223
Cucumis sativus 37, 191
Cucurbita pepo 133, 259, 373
Cultivars 8, 39, 41, 52, 116, 123, 137, 140, 149, 152, 169, 180, 183, 199,
206, 228, 243, 268, 271, 273, 316, 324, 328, 334, 336, 340, 356, 357, 362, 363,
364, 365, 379, 386, 403
Cultivation 112, 343, 419
Cultivation methods 309
Cultural control 8, 13, 99, 137, 189, 203, 207, 210, 286, 299, 333, 355, 356,
361, 368, 412, 418
Cultural methods 358
Cultural weed control 35, 42, 55, 224, 237, 330, 416
Cyanazine 35, 45, 59
Cyanobacteria 106
Cycling 25, 78, 125, 294, 400
Cyprus 148, 156
Daucus carota 333, 414
Decision making 36, 91, 113, 217, 348, 369
Decomposition 25, 131, 179, 252, 256, 293, 294, 315, 392, 406, 413
Degradation 26
Delaware 280
Delia platura 201, 346
Denitrification 79, 81, 160, 222
Density 48, 107
Depth 73
Dernopodzolic soils 279
Desiccation 52
Diabrotica barberi 86, 159
Diammonium phosphate 429
Diapause 86, 159
Diaporthe phaseolorum 189
Dicamba 34, 45, 95, 186
Dichlormid 35
Digitaria sanguinalis 330
Direct sowing 35
Discing 56, 393
Disease control 3, 18, 99, 129, 137, 355
Disease course 355
Disease models 14, 80
Disease prevalence 71, 189, 275, 286
Disease resistance 137, 203, 228, 273
Disease surveys 15, 80, 197, 333
Distribution 216
Ditylenchus destructor 152, 374
Ditylenchus dipsaci 116
Double cropping 73, 75, 113, 205, 240, 280, 352, 371
Drills 150
Drought 417
Drought injury 164
Dry beans 235
Dry conditions 384
Dry farming 69, 75, 89, 182, 199
Dry matter 17, 21, 99, 258, 261, 341, 365, 384
Dry matter accumulation 5, 42, 43, 56, 78, 111, 172, 182, 183, 218, 289, 295,
296, 317, 319, 336, 397
Duplex soils 64, 163
Duration 303
Dwarf cultivars 19
Dynamics 282
Earliness 262
Earthworms 89, 125, 193
Echinochloa crus-galli 42
Econometric models 332
Economic analysis 93, 162, 198, 230
Economic impact 165
Economic thresholds 370
Economic viability 92
Ecosystems 125, 141
Edaphic factors 26, 313
Efficacy 416
Electrical conductivity 78
Eleusine indica 330
Emergence 63, 363
Endogone 155
England 257, 342
Environmental factors 42, 83, 131, 363
Environmental impact 91, 165, 184, 253
Environmental temperature 86, 255
Enzyme activity 238, 294
Epidemiology 80, 376
Eptc 35, 215, 326
Equations 148
Eragrostis cilianensis 330
Erodibility 380
Erosion 9, 36, 44, 154, 165, 233, 260, 381, 390
Erosion control 56, 309, 383, 425
Establishment 42, 119, 214
Estimation 22, 24, 144, 145, 146, 148
Ethephon 149
Evaluation 150, 217
Evapotranspiration 50, 69
Ewes 409
Experimental design 270
Experimental stations 185
Expert systems 85, 217
Extraction 5
Factors of production 206
Fagopyrum 275
Fagopyrum esculentum 42, 129, 318
Fagopyrum tataricum 42
Fallow 43, 52, 63, 100, 101, 112, 138, 140, 160, 180, 298, 347, 351, 382, 384,
401, 409
Fallow systems 76, 120, 139, 378
Farm budgeting 2, 91, 144, 145, 146, 367
Farm comparisons 40, 168
Farm enterprises 91
Farm income 94
Farm inputs 94, 168, 308
Farm machinery 168
Farm management 68, 91, 93, 113, 217
Farm planning 217, 297
Farm results 94, 332
Farm size 94
Farmers' attitudes 184
Farming 380
Farming systems 84, 93, 164
Farming systems research 56
Farmland 68, 401
Farmyard manure 29, 265, 404
Fats 183
Feasibility 184
Fecundity 278
Federal programs 36, 113, 234
Feeding behavior 305
Feeding preferences 173
Fertility 328
Fertilizer placement 60
Fertilizer requirement determinatio 60, 284
Fertilizer requirement determination 92, 251, 264, 271, 281, 328, 349, 351,
397, 405
Fertilizers 49, 100, 101, 102, 103, 143, 239, 268, 279, 324, 362, 390, 405
Festuca 140
Festuca arundinacea 155
Field capacity 352
Field crops 17, 266
Field experimentation 141, 154, 266
Field tests 20, 147
Finite element analysis 82
Flood irrigation 144, 145, 146, 367
Flooded rice 179, 241
Flooding 107, 160
Florida 232, 242, 277, 295, 352
Fluazifop 307
Fodder crops 209, 252, 378
Fomesafen 191
Food composition 83
Food research 83
Forage 215, 295
Foraging 173
Formation 88
France 24
Fruits 223, 262
Fumigation 140
Fungal diseases 15, 18, 63, 137, 196, 207
Fungicides 3, 273, 355
Fungus control 124, 163, 192, 342, 366, 412
Furrow irrigation 174, 293
Fusarium 185, 197, 207
Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli 121, 122
Gaeumannomyces graminis 14, 71, 163, 196, 311
Genetic improvement 83
Genetic resistance 228
Genotype environment interaction 363
Genotypes 52, 428
Geocoris punctipes 48
Geographical distribution 171
Georgia 48, 62, 185, 243, 353, 379
Germination inhibitors 414
Gibberella avenacea 196
Gibberella pulicaris 196
Gibberella zeae 196, 376
Gley soils 279
Glycine max 1, 5, 8, 10, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 34, 40, 44, 47, 50, 54, 56,
61, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
104, 105, 115, 121, 123, 132, 134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 149, 155,
159, 164, 165, 168, 169, 172, 176, 185, 189, 197, 198, 201, 205, 206, 207, 209,
211, 213, 229, 232, 236, 237, 239, 242, 243, 245, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255,
260, 263, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 290, 291, 292, 295, 301, 304, 307, 312, 313,
319, 321, 324, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 346, 351, 352, 353, 354,
356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373,
375, 376, 381, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 395, 396, 405, 410, 415, 418
Glyphosate 45, 55, 95, 186, 291, 347, 416
Gossypium 53, 54, 63, 246, 310, 332
Gossypium hirsutum 26, 45, 51, 52, 78, 126, 134, 142, 186, 192, 236, 245, 283,
360, 370
Grain 19, 25, 44, 55, 58, 61, 66, 75, 100, 107, 111, 120, 132, 161, 180, 207,
212, 218, 221, 250, 291, 295, 317, 321, 336, 351, 354, 377, 384, 397, 402, 405,
410
Gram negative bacteria 99
Gramineae 49
Grasses 33, 64, 184, 270, 401
Green manure crops 219, 220
Green manures 20, 23, 29, 39, 49, 84, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109,
110, 112, 117, 131, 143, 147, 153, 157, 158, 160, 162, 166, 167, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 193, 223, 233, 240, 241, 247, 252, 256, 258, 265, 269, 274, 287, 288,
289, 294, 296, 308, 314, 315, 325, 327, 329, 345, 350, 372, 378, 382, 383, 398,
404, 406, 407, 411, 413
Green manuring 220
Greenhouse crops 152
Ground cover 215, 371
Groundwater pollution 82, 253, 254
Growth 24, 107, 110, 156, 176, 221, 384, 423
Growth rate 11, 58, 66, 76, 181, 182, 183, 289, 316, 336
Growth retardation 267
Growth stages 70, 291
Guyana 98
Gypsum 72
Hapludults 388, 389
Harrowing 212
Harvest index 118, 183, 365
Harvesting 84, 108, 177, 273, 362
Harvesting date 299
Hay 20, 261, 287, 419
Heavy metals 5, 105
Helianthus annuus 24, 34, 74, 96, 191, 255, 295, 318
Helicotylenchus 275
Herbage 180
Herbicide application 37, 45
Herbicide mixtures 191, 307, 326, 360, 402
Herbicide rates 96, 307
Herbicide recommendations 307
Herbicide residues 16, 32, 34, 37, 95, 96, 97, 126, 136, 209, 318, 326, 359,
402
Herbicide resistance 417
Herbicides 3, 26, 28, 53, 94, 115, 208, 209, 210, 291, 307, 343, 369, 373,
375, 398, 417, 418, 419, 420
Heterodera glycines 8, 47, 123, 169, 229, 339, 340, 356, 357, 358
Hevea 230
Hibiscus cannabinus 337
High volume spraying 291
Highlands 269
Hirschmanniella mucronata 276, 407
Hirschmanniella oryzae 276, 407
Historic sites 266
Historical records 266
History 9, 36, 83
Hoeing 212, 237
Hoplolaimus columbus 236
Hordeum vulgare 17, 19, 30, 32, 66, 71, 88, 95, 96, 111, 148, 156, 161, 197,
204, 238, 267, 270, 279, 293, 294, 302, 303, 314, 333, 350, 378, 409, 427
A horizons 100, 101
Horizons 279
Host parasite relationships 152, 169
Host preferences 278, 305
Host specificity 267, 379
Hosts of plant diseases 286ª
Hosts of plant pests 152, 333, 374
Humid tropics 27, 258, 281, 282
Humus 294
Hybrids 261, 329, 379
Hydraulic conductivity 82, 107, 226
Hydrolysis 406
Idaho 157, 267, 293, 423
Illinois 11, 86, 115, 135, 159, 168, 260, 266, 359, 381
Imazapyr 186
Imazaquin 135, 191, 211, 359, 360
Imazethapyr 135, 245, 326, 359, 360
Imidazolinone herbicides 134
Immobilization 81, 274, 320
Importation 300
Improved fallow 170
In vitro digestibility 295
Incentives 162, 331
Incidence 14, 71, 80, 129, 140, 189, 196, 197, 207, 286, 311, 376
Incorporation 11, 52, 81, 107, 117, 222, 294, 346, 351, 353
Indexes 203, 351
India 29, 106, 143, 222, 265, 400
Indian punjab 107, 167, 225, 406
Indiana 94, 206, 208, 357
Indicator plants 110
Indigofera hirsuta 173, 278, 340
Indigofera tinctoria 3258
Indonesia 228
Infection 76
Infections 14, 71
Infectivity 122
Infestation 63, 116
Infiltration 72, 107, 353, 387
Innovation adoption 113, 260
Inoculum 99, 376
Inoculum density 63, 71, 80, 122, 286, 376
Inorganic salts 288
Insect control 3, 48, 309
Insect pests 299, 309, 379
Insect repellents 173
Insect traps 346
Insecticide application 309
Insecticides 3
Insects 3
Integrated control 35, 231
Integrated pest management 3, 94
Intensive production 223
Interactions 131, 311, 314, 363, 364, 384
Intercropping 48, 66, 84, 171, 200, 202, 228, 233„
Interest rates 113
Interplanting 149, 215
Interrow cultivation 237
Interspecific competition 200
Introduced species 89
Ion uptake 5
Iowa 40, 56, 92, 93, 105, 264, 324, 354, 375, 396, 405
Iprodione 342
Irrigated conditions 75, 107, 205, 331
Irrigated soils 16, 72, 225
Irrigation 69, 78, 143, 194
Irrigation requirements 217
Irrigation water 4, 72, 78, 216, 348
Isolation 207
Isotope labeling 30, 147, 241
Isotopes 156, 250
Isotypes 19
Japan 79
Kansas 67, 104, 113, 331
Kentucky 155, 218, 221, 226, 377
Kenya 127
Kernels 112, 302
Labeling 17, 239
Labor costs 93
Labor requirements 91, 93
Lactuca sativa 42, 99
Lambs 409
Land 93
Land productivity 84
Landscape 380
Lathyrus sativus 409
Lathyrus tingitanus 166, 296
Leachates 11
Leaching 6, 27, 38, 40, 158, 160, 251, 280, 293, 306, 402
Lead 105
Leaf area 21, 341
Leaf area index 183
Leaf duration 183
Leaves 25, 256, 315
Legislation 162
Legumes 4, 64, 83, 127, 166, 178, 182, 184, 196, 199, 200, 219, 220, 247, 252,
258, 270, 289, 308, 344, 422, 425, 426
Leguminosae 49, 110, 170, 186, 190, 256, 315, 325, 332, 372
Lens culinaris 15, 32, 34, 38, 95, 96, 166, 267, 296, 302, 318, 413, 423, 427
Lentils 274, 345
Leptosphaeria nodorum 71, 376
Lespedeza cuneata 5
Lespedeza stipulacea 313
Lespedeza striata 5
Life cycle 357, 358, 361
Light intensity ý215
Light penetration 224
Light relations 214
Light transmission 149
Lignin 25, 256
Lime 27, 230, 268
Linear models 290
Linear programming 94, 217
Linum usitatissimum 32, 34, 137, 138, 139, 318
Literature reviews 64, 143, 200, 229, 247, 252, 396
Live mulches 221, 256, 263, 373
Liveweight gain 409
Loam soils 56, 144, 145, 146, 216, 282, 294, 367, 405
Lodging 363
Lolium multiflorum 42, 43, 81, 134, 333
Lolium perenne 116, 314
Long term experiments 6, 7, 44, 66, 92, 100, 101, 105, 154, 266, 354, 382,
389, 429
Longevity 379
Losses from soil 25, 27, 64, 158, 274, 392, 394, 395
Losses from soil systems 222, 247, 289, 321, 381, 401, 413
Lotus corniculatus 287
Louisiana 184, 213, 307, 337, 361
Low input agriculture 184, 262, 416
Low volume spraying 291
Lowland areas 181, 404
Lupins 77, 83, 323
Lupinus 6, 7, 124, 210, 231
Lupinus albus 129, 142, 183, 248, 428
Lupinus angustifolius 21, 30, 128, 183, 248, 428, 429
Lupinus luteus 183
Lupinus mutabilis 183, 269
Lupinus varius 428
Lycopersicon esculentum 259, 262, 288, 373, 414
Lygus lineolaris 379
Machinery requirements 91
Macrophomina phaseolina 202
Macropores 226
Magnesium 27, 31, 230, 405
Magnesium chloride 72
Maine 129, 271, 275, 328
Maize 36, 68, 127, 168, 217, 332
Maize silage 317
Maize stover 119, 221
Malaysia 230, 300
Malting barley 19
Malting quality 19
Management Š108
Manganese 268
Manitoba 318
Manual weed control 212
Market prices 36, 113
Maryland 43, 161, 224, 262, 280, 298, 330, 425
Mathematical models 78, 94, 113, 147, 311, 396
Mato grosso do sul 376
Maturation 52, 363, 364
Maturation period 261
Maturity 149, 262
Maturity groups 123
Maturity stage 271
Maximum yield 272
Meadows 93
Measurement 148, 352
Mechanical methods 237
Medicago sativa 11, 17, 32, 35, 66, 71, 78, 91, 95, 97, 100, 101, 103, 104,
105, 108, 118, 119, 120, 130, 131, 153, 157, 161, 164, 165, 171, 180, 198, 201,
215, 223, 244, 261, 264, 283, 293, 294, 296, 297, 303, 329, 347, 348, 349, 351,
374, 417, 424
Medicago truncatula 41, 177
Mediterranean climate 183
Melilotus 287, 378
Melilotus alba 313
Melilotus officinalis 100, 101, 102, 117, 161, 180, 215, 250, 251, 321
Meloidogyne arenaria 8, 13, 51, 65, 187, 338, 339, 340, 356, 366, 412
Meloidogyne hapla 275, 333
Meloidogyne incognita 65, 133, 187, 232, 242, 243, 277
Meloidogyne javanica 133, 187
Mesocotyls 207
Metalaxyl 364
Methodology 217
Metolachlor 211, 307, 326, 402
Metribuzin 136, 191, 211, 360
Michigan 97, 171, 287, 303
Microbial activities 303, 312, 344
Microbial pesticides 288
Microeconomic analysis 91, 165
Microenvironments 224
Midi pyrenees 217
Milk production 409
Mine tailings 295
Mineral content 292, 295
Mineral uptake 292
Mineralization 4, 10, 25, 38, 81, 100, 101, 102, 103, 131, 143, 158, 239, 247,
256, 274, 293, 314, 320, 350, 351
Minimum tillage 28, 66, 71, 135, 139, 163, 174, 243, 373, 401
Minimum tillage systems 73
Minnesota 50, 70, 91, 189, 237, 336, 351, 363, 364, 393, 396
Mississippi 75, 80, 126, 134, 246, 358, 371, 426
Missouri 55, 154, 209, 266, 360, 415
Mixed infections 333
Models 198, 351, 420
Moisture 140
Moldboards 174, 363, 364, 386, 393
Mollisols 105
Mollugo verticillata 330
Monoculture 8, 44, 50, 75, 249, 250, 251, 321, 336, 366
Montana 20, 72, 96, 108
Motad 332
Movement in soil 82, 130, 254, 280
Mucuna aterrima 27, 258
Mucuna cochinchinensis 300
Mucuna deeringiana 399
Mucuna pruriens 399
Mulches 63, 233, 262, 373
Mulching 115
Mutants 19
Mycorrhizal fungi 155
Mycorrhizas 155, 175, 391
Mycosphaerella graminicola 71
Natural enemies 299
Natural regeneration 316
Nebraska 69, 132, 136, 149, 174, 176, 249, 250, 251, 290, 320, 321, 417
Neem cake coated urea 106
Nematicides 3, 273, 357, 358, 368
Nematoda 3, 244, 273, 334, 368
Nematode control 3, 8, 13, 47, 65, 152, 187, 229, 232, 236, 243, 276, 333,
340, 356, 357, 358, 361, 366, 368, 407, 412
Nematode infections 374
Nepal 325
Nevada 424
New Jersey 373
New products 83
New South Wales 16, 64, 120, 128, 210, 422
New York 224
Nickel 105
Nicotiana tabacum 65, 140
Nigeria 299
Night temperature 214
Nitrate 81, 158, 222
Nitrate nitrogen 27, 56, 120, 160, 251, 271, 293, 320, 321, 349, 405
Nitrates 6, 82, 130
Nitrates (inorganic salts) 377
Nitrogen 10, 17, 25, 43, 56, 57, 67, 81, 100, 101, 102, 103, 117, 120, 147,
148, 156, 157, 158, 166, 171, 182, 195, 221, 222, 239, 241, 249, 250, 251, 253,
254, 256, 259, 260, 265, 268, 274, 287, 289, 293, 314, 315, 319, 320, 321, 324,
345, 350, 351, 377, 382, 383, 389, 392, 397, 403, 405, 411, 422
Nitrogen balance 158
Nitrogen content 21, 99, 132, 161, 172, 180, 182, 218, 250, 255, 259, 269,
287, 292, 303, 316, 317, 319, 328, 329, 341, 349, 392, 426
Nitrogen cycle 81, 143, 247, 294, 392
Nitrogen fertilizers 4, 19, 21, 30, 31, 40, 43, 54, 118, 124, 125, 141, 148,
156, 172, 177, 178, 184, 193, 199, 205, 218, 221, 233, 237, 246, 247, 248, 249,
250, 251, 255, 258, 264, 271, 287, 292, 302, 304, 306, 308, 309, 317, 321, 328,
331, 332, 341, 349, 350, 377, 397, 410, 427
Nitrogen fixation 17, 22, 30, 38, 57, 114, 147, 148, 170, 181, 182, 195, 200,
241, 247, 252, 296, 325, 365, 372, 425
Nitrogen fixing trees 49, 315
Nitrogen mineralization 166
Nitrogen recovery 180, 303
Nitrogen residual effects 303
Nitrogen uptake 111, 120, 161, 180, 303
No-tillage 25, 31, 35, 44, 45, 55, 57, 58, 61, 67, 71, 88, 90, 94, 97, 98,
115, 119, 130, 135, 136, 139, 146, 161, 168, 201, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 218,
221, 226, 238, 246, 260, 261, 262, 280, 291, 293, 298, 317, 320, 330, 344, 347,
352, 363, 364, 373, 377, 383, 386, 387, 388, 389, 392, 393, 394, 395, 401, 405,
415, 416, 417, 420, 421, 423
Nodulation 372
North Carolina 1, 25, 45, 47, 140, 169, 268, 273, 317, 344, 384, 419
North Dakota 34, 182, 362
Npk fertilizers 112
Nutrient availability 10, 30, 56, 60, 131, 143, 158, 160, 172, 221, 222, 274,
280, 283, 284, 289, 292, 293, 295, 315, 319, 349, 351, 354, 388, 392, 400, 405,
422, 427
Nutrient balance 260, 279
Nutrient content 20, 56, 70, 100, 101, 172, 221, 280, 289, 292, 295, 349, 395,
405
Nutrient contents of plants 111
Nutrient deficiencies 354
Nutrient excesses 354
Nutrient nutrient interactions 292
Nutrient removal by plants 218, 284, 303
Nutrient requirements 283, 321, 410
Nutrient sources 392
Nutrient transport 221
Nutrient uptake 56, 76, 156, 158, 172, 182, 225, 249, 250, 251, 259, 265, 271,
274, 280, 287, 289, 292, 313, 314, 317, 319, 321, 329, 351, 397
Nutrients 43, 70, 289, 395
Oats 36
Ohio 31, 44, 82, 207, 346, 416
Oil palms 300
Oklahoma 12, 186, 266, 309, 343, 355, 401
Oligochaeta 89
Ontario 28, 39, 66, 71, 90, 118, 121, 122, 365
Operating costs 92
Optimization 332
Oregon 240
Organic farming 84, 125, 273
Organic fertilizers 9, 179, 219, 220
Organic matter in soil 67, 120, 131
Ornamental woody plants 33
Oryza rufipogon 213
Oryza sativa 22, 79, 80, 106, 107, 109, 112, 134, 143, 145, 160, 178, 179,
181, 193, 194, 195, 212, 213, 239, 241, 245, 247, 276, 284, 307, 325, 327, 372,
404, 407
Ova 86
Oversowing 301
Overwintering 222
Oviposition 346
Oxisols 27, 60, 230, 258, 272, 284
Pacific northwest states of U.S.A. 150
Pacific states of U.S.A. 244
Paddy soils 147
Pakistan 315
Paleudults 63
Panicum miliaceum 35
Parana 376
Paraquat 45, 52, 291
Parasites of insect pests 299
Paratrichodorus 277
Paratrichodorus minor 243
Paratylenchus 275
Particle size 88
Particle size distribution 88, 105
Paspalum notatum 8, 18, 338
Pathogenicity 267
Peanut oil 112
Pendimethalin 35, 211, 212, 326
Penetrometers 352
Pennisetum Americanum 265
Pennsylvania 119
Perennial weeds 186
Performance 363, 364
Performance testing 150
Persistence 16, 26, 32, 34, 41, 97, 135, 186, 191, 209, 245, 294, 318, 360,
402
Peru 281, 282
Pest control 375
Pest management 12, 51, 62, 338
Pest resistance 8, 169, 243, 244, 334, 357
Pesticidal action 193
Pesticide persistence 96
Pesticides 130, 165, 273, 375
Petioles 271
Phalaris arundinacea 81
Phaseolus 194
Phaseolus vulgaris 14, 32, 37, 90, 121, 122, 153, 174, 191, 205, 259, 326,
373, 374, 385, 420
Phenology 29
Phialophora gregata 189
Philippines 147, 160, 178, 179, 193, 212, 247, 327, 404
Phleum pratense 154, 204, 333
Phosphates 199
Phosphatic clay 295
Phosphogypsum 72
Phosphorus 25, 31, 49, 76, 92, 131, 260, 289, 294, 344, 400, 401, 405
Phosphorus fertilizers 60, 92, 167, 225, 272, 400, 401, 409, 423
Phosphorus residual effect 272
Physico-chemical properties of soil 73
Physicochemical properties 294, 312
Phytophthora 364
Phytotoxicity 5, 11, 16, 26, 34, 95, 96, 97, 134, 135, 186, 211, 318, 326,
398, 399, 402
Pig slurry 288
Pisum sativum 2, 32, 37, 95, 111, 129, 131, 137, 138, 139, 150, 153, 157, 161,
177, 203, 223, 257, 267, 286, 296, 302, 311, 313, 314, 318, 342, 409, 423, 427
Plant analysis 70, 100, 271, 280, 281, 405
Plant breeding 83, 252
Plant competition 200, 215
Plant composition 25, 256, 271, 287, 349
Plant density 41, 126
Plant disease control 46, 140, 189, 203, 228, 273, 286, 288, 364
Plant diseases 3, 273
Plant disorders 207
Plant extracts 173
Plant height 149, 261, 363, 364, 386
Plant nutrition 110, 205, 230, 255
Plant parasitic nematodes 65, 169, 197, 204, 275, 333, 361, 370
Plant pathogenic bacteria 137
Plant pathogenic fungi 129, 197, 203, 376
Plant pathogens 153
Plant proteins 302
Plant residues 131, 330
Plant tissues 207
Plant water relations 50, 296
Plantations 33, 300
Planting 84, 280
Planting date 35, 115, 123, 182, 206, 237, 261, 262, 299, 346, 393
Plants 289
Plastic film 223
Plowing 44, 76, 88, 97, 129, 130, 135, 174, 177, 207, 208, 212, 238, 330, 363,
364, 386, 393, 405, 420
Poa compressa 415
Polyphenols 256
Population density 63, 89, 104, 121, 123, 152, 197, 201, 208, 236, 242, 275,
276, 277, 278, 330, 333, 346, 366, 379
Population distribution 89
Population dynamics 121, 208, 211, 370, 420
Population growth 305
Populations 62, 123
Pore size distribution 72
Pores 160
Porosity 72, 222
Potassium 27, 31, 92, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 289, 354, 405
Potassium chloride 280
Potassium fertilizers 49, 92, 167, 281, 282, 284, 354, 423
Potatoes 68, 285
Poultry manure 294
Pratylenchus 242, 277
Pratylenchus brachyurus 243
Pratylenchus crenatus 275
Pratylenchus penetrans 204, 275, 333
Pratylenchus scribneri 104
Precipitation 89, 171, 182, 221, 255, 280
Predators of insect pests 48, 299
Predicted difference 290
Prediction 158
Preplanting treatment 221, 326
Prescribed burning 210
Prince edward Island 196, 197, 204, 333
Product development 83
Production 85
Production costs 36, 40, 57, 90, 92, 93, 113, 144, 145, 146, 217, 293, 367
Profiles 221
Profitability 92, 93, 162, 198, 297, 298, 331, 354
Profits 91, 348
Program evaluation 234
Program participants 36, 40
Projections 168
Prometon 402
Protein 112
Protein content 183, 295
Protein sources 83
Pseudomonas 185
Pseudomonas cepacia 288
Pseudomonas fluorescens 288
Pseudomonas gladioli 288
Pseudomonas solanacearum 46, 140, 228, 288
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus ý141
Puddling 107
Pueraria 300
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis 71
Pythium 133, 185, 267
Pythium irregulare 267
Pythium ultimum 267
Quality 238
Quantitative analysis 252
Quebec 238
Queensland 114
Radioactive tracers 250, 303
Radium 295
Rain 6, 56, 98, 121, 207, 215, 216, 304, 311, 349, 381
Reclamation 5, 72
Record keeping 3
Recovery 43, 225, 249, 250, 251
Recycling 289
Red clay soils 120
Red soils 128
Reduction 81
Regressions 348
Regrowth 42
Relay cropping 200
Repellents 1
Reproductive performance 317
Research projects 266
Residual effects 26, 37, 59, 92, 95, 96, 107, 112, 134, 135, 143, 186, 245,
247, 257, 320, 321, 326, 359, 360, 377, 400, 404
Resistance to penetration 352
Resowing 58, 59, 317
Respiration 100, 102, 312
Responses 70, 363, 364
Returns 36, 90, 91, 92, 93, 113, 162, 184, 261, 293, 297, 331, 332, 354
Reviews 22, 372
Rhizobiaceae 252
Rhizobium 84, 372
Rhizoctonia cerealis 196
Rhizoctonia solani 63, 80, 129, 133, 189, 192, 196, 197
Rhizosphere 185, 288
Rice 68
Rice soils 193, 411
Rice straw 406
Ricinus communis 338
Ridging 56, 76, 363, 364, 393, 405
Rio grande do sul 376
Risk 36, 113, 184, 331
Risks 91, 332
Rock phosphate 429
Root rots 124, 153, 196, 197, 203, 364
Roots 11, 25, 76, 99, 107, 176, 333, 399
Rotary cultivation 174
Rotary hoes 237
Rotation 28, 47, 100, 127, 166, 229, 233, 236, 239, 270, 368
Rotations 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 30,
31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46, 50, 51, 54, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 114, 116,
118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154, 155, 156, 160, 162, 163, 164,
165, 170, 172, 174, 176, 177, 180, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191, 194, 196, 197, 198,
199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 217, 228, 231, 232,
234, 235, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257,
260, 264, 266, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 283, 284, 286,
287, 290, 292, 293, 295, 297, 298, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 311, 312, 318, 319,
321, 324, 326, 328, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 342, 344,
347, 349, 350, 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364,
365, 366, 370, 374, 375, 376, 378, 382, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 395,
396, 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 407, 409, 410, 412, 417, 418, 419, 422, 424, 427,
428, 429
Row orientation 58, 84, 215
Row spacing 1, 35, 84, 206, 211, 237, 393
Rowcrops 215
Rsfsr 279
Rubber plants 300
Runoff 44, 165, 260, 381, 394, 401
Runoff water 395
Rwanda 170
Saccharum officinarum 84
Safety 419
Saline soils 72
Saline water 78, 348
Salinity 78
Salt tolerance 23, 78
Salts in soil 216
Sampling 207
Sandy loam soils 6, 63, 90, 222, 225, 279, 282, 318, 387
Sandy soils 107, 216, 231, 280, 311, 352, 384
Saprophytes 376
Saskatchewan 15, 38, 100, 101, 102, 103, 137, 138, 139, 274, 296, 302, 345,
382, 427
Saturated conditions 22, 222
Sclerotiaý 80
Sclerotinia minor 355
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 342
Scotland 314
Screening 155, 343, 398
Seasonal cropping 410
Seasonal fluctuations 120, 274, 320, 345
Seasonal growth 56, 182
Seasonal variation 56, 61, 63, 89, 92, 99, 162, 171, 215, 349, 380, 405
Secale cereale 12, 31, 42, 43, 55, 56, 90, 99, 115, 119, 142, 161, 201, 218,
224, 226, 232, 243, 278, 279, 309, 330, 332, 341, 373, 377, 394, 395
Seed banks 28, 208, 224, 420
Seed dispersal 316
Seed germination 11, 224, 237, 317, 347, 364
Seed longevity 347
Seed mixtures 215
Seed moisture 386
Seed production 244
Seed purity 300
Seed quality 300, 302, 362, 364
Seed size 302
Seed sources 1
Seed treatment 362, 364
Seed weight 302
Seedbeds 371
Seedling emergence 261, 326, 364
Seedling growth 138
Seedlings 97, 267, 364
Seeds 41, 52, 75, 141, 189, 211, 255, 300, 316, 317, 363, 364, 365, 427
Selectivity 398
Semiarid climate 107, 182
Semiarid soils 265, 400
Sequential cropping 11, 26, 66, 97, 114, 141, 154, 172, 186, 212, 245, 259,
292, 302, 319, 321, 336, 360, 366, 386, 387, 404, 410, 427
Sesbania 147, 160, 179, 181, 193, 241, 276, 327, 404, 407
Sesbania aculeata 106, 107, 167, 406
Sesbania bispinosa 23
Sesbania cannabina 147, 178
Sesbania exaltata 173, 278
Setaria faberi 55, 115, 208, 211
Setaria viridis 214
Sewage sludge 9, 294
Shade 214
Shoots 11, 25
Shrubs 252
Siberia 378
Sieving 155
Silt loam soils 26, 43, 105, 109, 136, 221, 222, 226
Simazine 35, 59
Simulation 381
Simulation models 24, 78, 82, 158, 165, 168, 217, 260, 348
Site factors 79, 141, 350
Site preparation 268, 362
Size 328
Slope 380
Slopes 381
Sodic soils 72
Sodic water 216
Sodium 216
Soil 12, 394
Soil acidity 5, 6, 7, 128
Soil air 222
Soil amendments 295, 315, 406
Soil analysis 4, 5, 323, 349
Soil bacteria 79
Soil biology 125, 344, 350, 378
Soil chemistry 31, 70, 117, 132, 258, 281, 282, 350, 411
Soil compaction 352
Soil conservation 68, 138, 363, 381, 390
Soil degradation 64, 84, 88
Soil density 72, 107, 352
Soil depth 10, 67, 89, 100, 101, 160, 237, 280, 347, 349, 352, 405
Soil enzymes 238, 294
Soil fertility 9, 10, 27, 30, 31, 38, 42, 103, 110, 112, 120, 127, 147, 157,
160, 170, 171, 177, 179, 180, 185, 195, 241, 247, 266, 312, 328, 350, 378, 382,
388, 422
Soil flora 102, 155, 238, 265, 294, 312, 345
Soil fumigation 124, 286
Soil fungi 63, 155, 202
Soil inoculation 114, 143, 252, 288, 365
Soil management 12, 21, 88, 154, 230, 238, 252, 268, 341, 385
Soil moisture 120
Soil organic matter 9, 10, 74, 88, 100, 101, 103, 105, 107, 125, 128, 143,
222, 238, 265, 269, 312, 318, 353, 382, 388, 389, 405
Soil ph 6, 7, 32, 105, 216, 318, 388, 405
Soil physical properties 31, 138, 142, 294, 350, 378, 387
Soil pore system 222
Soil properties 44, 128, 141, 143, 164
Soil resources 268
Soil sorption 131
Soil strength 352
Soil structure 66, 99, 294
Soil temperature 16, 63, 98, 131, 224, 261, 267, 313, 386
Soil test values 92, 354
Soil testing 92, 253, 280
Soil texture 222, 318
Soil treatment 105, 294
Soil types 206
Soil types (physiographic) 61
Soil variability 198
Soil water 38, 98, 99, 119, 138, 214, 215, 261, 296
Soil water content 50, 56, 58, 61, 88, 89, 107, 115, 119, 160, 221, 222, 224,
280, 320, 352, 363, 384, 415
Soil water movement 130
Soil water potential 131
Soil water regimes 353
Soil water retention 107
Soils 285
Solanum tuberosum 32, 34, 96, 129, 167, 204, 269, 271, 275, 279, 286, 287,
328, 333, 374
Solenopsis invicta 173
Solid wastes 9
Solonetzic soils 378
Sorghum 54, 113, 329
Sorghum bicolor 11, 24, 26, 37, 42, 67, 73, 75, 104, 120, 132, 134, 176, 186,
202, 205, 218, 232, 242, 245, 249, 250, 251, 277, 290, 291, 295, 304, 316, 321,
337, 339, 353, 356, 360, 383, 387, 401
Sorghum sudanense 232, 286
Sorption isotherms 105
South Africa 152, 205
South australia 64, 89, 177, 311
South Carolina 52, 65, 368
South Dakota 76, 86, 130, 234, 253, 254, 335, 391
Southeastern states of U.S.A. 308
Sowing 171
Sowing date 95, 119, 161, 191, 199, 215, 245, 416
Sowing depth 119
Sowing rates 199
Soybean 175
Soybeans 36, 68, 113, 217
Spacing 362
Spain 183, 187
Spatial distribution 97, 101, 363
Spatial variation 171, 221, 363, 364
Species 72, 89
Species diversity 62
Specific gravity 286, 328
Spinacia oleracea 191
Split dressings 205, 397
Spoil heap soils 5
Spore germination 155
Spring 95
Spring wheat 117
Sprinkler irrigation 216
Sri lanka 141, 241
Stability 66, 74, 88, 107, 353, 380, 400
Stand characteristics 182
Statistical analysis 24
Statistics 1, 206, 375
Stellaria media 43, 415
Stem nodules 181, 372
Stems 207, 372
Stochastic processes 36, 91, 184
Stover 132, 250, 365
Strains 207
Straw 111, 274, 345
Straw disposal 100
Straw incorporation 345
Streams 348
Strip cropping 58
Stubble 55, 210, 377
Stubble cultivation 138, 139, 423
Stubble mulching 401
Subsoiling 352, 384
Substitution 308
Subsurface drainage 64
Subtropical crops 252
Subtropics 10
Sulfonylurea herbicides 245
Sulfur 294
Sumatra 284
Superphosphates 77, 323, 429
Suppression 42, 214
Surface layers 67, 101, 320, 353
Surface modification 353
Surface water 395
Surveys 159, 346
Survival 63, 86, 376, 379, 423
Sustainability 12, 44, 56, 92, 94, 103, 125, 128, 139, 157, 162, 163, 164,
195, 198, 200, 234, 266, 405
Symbiosis 372
Symptoms 355, 358, 368
Syria 409
Target prices 113
Tebuthiuron 186
Temperature 140, 214
Temporal variation 52, 182, 207, 221, 237, 238, 280, 294, 363, 364
Terbuthylazine 402
Texas 401
Thielaviopsis basicola 192, 310
Tillage 1, 10, 21, 25, 42, 55, 61, 64, 66, 67, 71, 85, 90, 98, 117, 118, 119,
125, 136, 137, 138, 168, 209, 210, 211, 226, 233, 235, 261, 270, 280, 293, 302,
320, 335, 341, 347, 352, 360, 373, 377, 383, 385, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392,
393, 394, 396, 401, 418, 427
Tilth 396
Time 415
Time series 184
Timing 29, 117, 326, 397
Tolerance 359
Topsoil 27, 154
Trace element deficiencies 429
Traditional farming 184
Trafficability 352
Transformation 392, 400
Transpiration 221
Transplanting 160
Treatment 343
Trees 252
Triasulfuron 318
Trichoderma 207
Trickle irrigation 216, 223
Triclopyr 186
Trifluralin 185
Trifolium 275
Trifolium alexandrinum 20, 108, 240, 316
Trifolium brachycalycinum 379
Trifolium hirtum 161
Trifolium hybridum 197, 215
Trifolium incarnatum 5, 25, 43, 45, 52, 57, 58, 59, 63, 142, 161, 232, 278,
291, 313, 316, 317, 341, 353, 379, 384, 397, 410
Trifolium pratense 5, 33, 39, 42, 66, 81, 88, 105, 154, 161, 171, 180, 197,
204, 215, 238, 249, 250, 271, 279, 287, 321, 328, 329, 333, 374, 403
Trifolium repens 116, 233, 313
Trifolium resupinatum 108
Trifolium subterraneum 161, 163, 248, 262, 291, 316, 373, 379
Trifolium vesiculosum 161, 316
Trifolium yanninicum 379
Triticum 6, 7, 124, 128, 163, 177, 199, 206, 210, 231, 248, 257, 371, 422, 428
Triticum aestivum 2, 10, 14, 24, 25, 32, 38, 53, 66, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77,
90, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 111, 117, 120, 126, 131, 134,
136, 137, 138, 139, 144, 146, 150, 154, 157, 161, 164, 166, 171, 180, 186, 196,
197, 205, 225, 239, 255, 265, 267, 274, 280, 286, 293, 298, 302, 311, 314, 323,
325, 326, 328, 333, 337, 351, 359, 360, 376, 382, 386, 387, 388, 389, 393, 400,
401, 423, 427, 429
Tropical climate 265
Tropical crops 252, 256
Tropical soils 230, 256, 400
Tropics 147
Tubers 167, 271, 286, 287, 328
Tubificidae 193
Tylenchorhynchus 197, 275
U.S.A. 68, 222
U.S.S.R.in europe 279
Udic regimes 387
Udolls 92
Uk 14
Ultisols 230, 281, 282, 312
Undersowing 149
University research 332
Upland rice 212, 284
Upland soils 61
Uptake 43, 239, 383
Urea" 27, 160, 265, 406
Urea fertilizers 105, 106, 179, 404
Urea nitrates 258
Use efficiency 56, 148, 397, 405
Utilization 239
Value theory 184, 217
Variation 331
Varietal reactions 52, 183, 271, 328, 363
Varietal resistance 116, 140, 361
Varietal susceptibility 364
Varieties 1, 422
Variety trials 1
Vegetables 200, 343
Vegetation management 45
Verticillium albo-atrum 275
Verticillium dahliae 275, 286
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas 76, 155, 176
Vetch 53, 214
Viability 300
Vicia 161, 214, 218, 246, 316
Vicia benghalensis 411
Vicia faba 99, 172, 257, 292, 296, 302, 313, 319, 350, 427
Vicia sativa 126, 148, 156, 161, 177, 379, 409
Vicia villosa 12, 21, 43, 45, 52, 55, 56, 63, 81, 133, 142, 161, 180, 218,
221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 262, 278, 287, 291, 298, 309, 310, 313, 320, 330, 377,
392, 416
Victoria 6, 7, 30, 41, 64, 422
Vigna radiata 84, 404
Vigna unguiculata 5, 29, 60, 98, 173, 202, 212, 258, 272, 278, 299, 370
Vigor 364
Virginia 216, 280
Virulence 63
Volatile compounds' 414
Volatilization 4, 413
Volunteer plants 317
Washington 2, 19, 267, 286, 380
Water availability 384
Water conservation 221
Water erosion 56, 394
Water holding capacity 222
Water management 69, 194
Water pollution 165, 260
Water quality 72, 78, 216
Water stress 207
Water use 296, 313, 348, 415
Water use efficiency 50, 182, 199, 221
Water, Underground 306
Waterlogging 64
Watersheds 394, 395, 401
Weed biology 208, 420
Weed competition 369
Weed control 3, 26, 28, 32, 43, 55, 62, 94, 95, 115, 134, 135, 136, 163, 186,
191, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 231, 245, 299, 308, 326, 347, 360, 362, 373, 375,
398, 402, 417, 418, 419, 420, 425
Weeding 212, 215
Weeds 3, 42, 53, 62, 126, 215, 224, 237, 300, 330, 369, 373, 419, 421
Weight 261, 363, 364
Western australia 124, 163, 199, 231, 248, 428, 429
Wetlands 143
Wheat 68, 113, 345
Wheat straw 131, 157, 265, 274
Wilts 46, 140, 228, 288
Winter 25, 43, 52, 99, 161, 316, 377, 410, 415
Winter hardiness 423
Winter wheat 107, 150, 171, 217, 293, 298
Wisconsin 36, 211, 261, 349, 374, 386
World markets 83
Xanthium strumarium 55
Yield components 19, 106, 180, 199, 327
Yield increases 106, 427
Yield losses 34, 236, 237, 311, 402, 416
Yield response functions 225, 247, 248, 309, 335, 422
Yields 93, 206, 365
Zea mays 10, 16, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47,
49, 50, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82,
85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 104, 105, 107, 110, 115, 118, 121, 130,
134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 149, 154, 159, 161, 164, 165, 171, 172, 174, 185, 189,
198, 201, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 221, 226, 230, 232,
233, 235, 237, 242, 245, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264,
272, 277, 281, 282, 287, 290, 292, 293, 295, 298, 303, 304, 317, 318, 319, 320,
321, 324, 330, 331, 335, 336, 339, 341, 344, 347, 348, 349, 351, 354, 359, 360,
363, 364, 373, 374, 375, 377, 381, 384, 386, 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 395, 396,
397, 402, 403, 404, 405, 410, 416, 417, 418, 420
Zimbabwe 402
Zinc 105, 429
Zinc fertilizers 429