\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$} \begin{thebibliography}{STZHdM89} \bibitem[AC90a]{AC90b} D.~C. Anderson and Chang~T. C. \newblock Automated process planning using object-oriented feature-based design. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, 8-10 Nov. 1989). \bibitem[AC90b]{AC90a} D.~C. Anderson and T.~C. Chang. \newblock Geometric reasoning in feature-based design and process planning. \newblock {\em Computers \& Graphics}, {\bf 14}, 2, 225 -- 235, 1990. \bibitem[ACdP84]{ACdP84} G.~T. Armstrong, C.~G. Carey, and A.~de~Pennington. \newblock Numerical code generation from a geometric modeling system. \newblock In M.~S. Pickett and J.~W. Boyse, editors, {\em Solid Modelling by Computers}, pages 139 -- 157. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1984. \newblock (Proc. General Motors Solid Modeling Symposium, Warren, Michigan, Sept. 1983). \bibitem[ACLM82]{ACLM82} F.~Arbab, D.~G. Cantor, L.~Lichten, and M.A. Melkanoff. \newblock The {MARS} {CAM}-oriented modeling system. \newblock In {\em {CAD/CAM} Technology in Mechanical Engineering}. {MIT} Press, 1982. \newblock (Proc. Conf. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, March 1982). \bibitem[ADFF86]{AFF86} S.~Ansaldi, L.~De~Floriani, and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock Form feature representation in a structured boundary model. \newblock {\em Image Analysis \& Processing}, ?????, 19 -- ??, 1986. \bibitem[AF88a]{AF88b} S.~Ansaldi and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock Form feature representation and recognition in a structured boundary model. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, H.~W. McLaughlin, and J.~Encarna\c{c}ao, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for {CAD} Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, May 1986). \bibitem[AF88b]{AF88a} S.~Ansaldi and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock The problem of form feature classification and recognition in {CAD/CAM}. \newblock In R.~A. Earnshaw, editor, {\em Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD}. Springer-Verlag, 1988. \newblock (Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute, Il Ciocco, Italy, July 1987; NATO ASI Series, Vol F40). \bibitem[AF90]{AF90} S.~Ansaldi and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock Extracting and completing feature information in process planning application. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[AGP91]{AGP91} R.~Anderl, H.~Grabowski, and M.~J. Pratt, editors. \newblock {\em Advanced Modelling for CAD/CAM Systems}. \newblock Springer-Verlag, 1991. \bibitem[Ail89]{Ail89} H.~Ailisto. \newblock Use of design data in {3D} vision-based inspection. \newblock In {\em Proc. SCIA '89}, 1989. \newblock Proc. 6th Scandinavian Conf. on Image Analysis, Oulu, Finland, 19-22 June 1989. \bibitem[All93]{All93} G.~Allen. \newblock Tolerances and assemblies in {CAD/CAM} systems. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 320 -- 328, 1993. \bibitem[Ame88]{Ame88} A.~L. Ames. \newblock Automated generation of uniform group technology part codes from solid model data. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[Ame91]{Ame91} A.~L. Ames. \newblock Production ready feature recognition based on automatic group technology part coding. \newblock In J.~Rossignac and J.~U. Turner, editors, {\em Symposium on Solid Modeling Foundations and CAD/CAM Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1991. \bibitem[AP75]{AP75} A.~P. Ambler and R.~J. Popplestone. \newblock Inferring the positions of bodies from specified spatial relationships. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence}, {\bf 6}, 2, 157 -- 174, 1975. \bibitem[Arm82]{Arm82} G.~T. Armstrong. \newblock {\em A Study of Automatic Generation of Non-invasive {NC} Machining Paths from Geometric Models}. \newblock PhD thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, October 1982. \bibitem[AZ89]{AZ89} L.~Alting and H.~Zhang. \newblock Computer aided process planning: {T}he state-of-the-art survey. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 27}, 4, 553 -- 585, 1989. \bibitem[B{\etalchar{+}}91]{B+91} J.~T. Berry et~al. \newblock Computer aided design for casting and solidification technology. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991}, 1991. \bibitem[BAL{\etalchar{+}}91]{BAL+91} D.~F. Baldwin, T.~E. Abell, M.-C. Lui, T.~L.~De Fazio, and D.~E. Whitney. \newblock An integrated computer aid for generating and evaluating assembly sequences for mechanical products. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. Robotics \& Automation}, {\bf 7}, 1, 78 -- 94, 1991. \bibitem[BB90]{BB90} A.~Bernard and P.~Bourdet. \newblock Features: A new approach to improve productivity in the realisation of forging die prints. \newblock {\em J. Materials Processing Technology}, {\bf 24}, ????, 97 -- 104, 1990. \bibitem[BBP92]{BBP92} M.~Botkin, D.~Bajorek, and M.~Prasad. \newblock Feature-based structural design of solid automotive components. \newblock In {\em Proc. 4th International Conf. on Design Theory \& Methodology}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[BBWS90]{BBWS90} F.~Bauert, W.~Beitz, E.~Weise, and N.~Salem. \newblock Modeling methods for a flexible computer aided embodiment design system. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 15 -- 34, 1990. \bibitem[BC88]{BC88} A.~H. Bond and K.~J. Chang. \newblock Feature-based process planning for machined parts. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[BC89]{BC89} A.~H. Bond and K.~J. Chang. \newblock Subplanning methods for process planning. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 Computers in Engineering Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[BD86]{BD86} J.~Brimson and P.~Downey. \newblock Feature technology: A key to manufacturing integration. \newblock {\em CIM Review}, Spring 1986, 21 -- 27, 1986. \bibitem[BF88]{BF88} A.~Bhadra and G.~W. Fischer. \newblock A new {GT} classification approach: A database with graphical dimensions. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 1}, 1, 44 -- 49, 1988. \bibitem[BFC]{BFK90} T.~O. Binford, L.~Frants, and M.~R. Cutkosky. \newblock Representation and propagation of tolerances for {CAD/CAM} systems. \newblock In ??????????, editor, {\em ?????????}, ???? \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling, Rensselaerville, NY, June 1990). \bibitem[BGJ94]{BGJ94} P.~B\'{e}ziat, Y.~Gardan, and J.-P. Jung. \newblock A constraints management system: Model and dialog. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[Bha88]{Bha88} A.~S. Bhatnagar. \newblock Implementation of feature mapping and reasoning shell with application to group technology coding. \newblock Master's thesis, Arizona State University, August 1988. \bibitem[BHR89]{BHR89} R.~E. Billo, M.~R. Henderson, and R.~Rucker. \newblock Applying conceptual graph inferencing to feature-based engineering analysis. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 13}, 3, 195 -- 214, 1989. \bibitem[BHW87]{BHW87} S.~L. Brooks, K.~E. Hummel, and M.~L. Wolf. \newblock {XCUT}: A rule-based expert system for the automated process planning of machined parts. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, Dec 1987}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1987. \newblock (ASME Publication PED-25, pp. 181 -- 194). \bibitem[Bil89]{Bil89} R.~E. Billo. \newblock {\em An Object-oriented Modeling Methodology utilizing Conceptual Graphs for Form Feature Definition}. \newblock PhD thesis, ????? Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1989. \bibitem[BJ88]{BJ88} A.~H. Bond and R.~Jain. \newblock The formal definition and automatic extraction of group technology codes. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[BJ93]{BJ93} W.~F. Bronsvoort and F.~W. Jansen. \newblock Feature modelling and conversion -- key concepts for concurrent engineering. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 21}, 1, 61 -- 86, 1993. \bibitem[BJ94]{BJ94} W.~Bronsvoort and F.~Jansen. \newblock Multi-view feature modelling for design and assembly. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 315 -- 330. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[BK86]{BK86} H.~R. Berenji and B.~Khoshnevis. \newblock Use of artificial intelligence in automated process planning. \newblock {\em Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, {\bf 5}, 2 (Sept 1986), 47 -- 55, 1986. \bibitem[BK88]{BK88} J.~R. Boerma and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock {FIXES}, a system for automatic selection of set-ups and design of fixtures. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 37}, 1, 443 -- 446, 1988. \bibitem[BK89]{BK89} J.~R. Boerma and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock Fixture design with {FIXES}: The automatic selection of positioning, clamping and support features for prismatic parts. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 38}, 1, 399 -- 402, 1989. \bibitem[Blo84]{Blo84} D.~Blore. \newblock Computer aided process planning. \newblock {\em Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, May, pp. ????, 1984. \bibitem[BM92]{BM92} \O. Bj{\"{o}}rke and O.~Myklebust, editors. \newblock {\em {IMPPACT}: Integrated Modelling of Products and Processes using Advanced Computer Technologies}. \newblock Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, Norway, 1992. \newblock (Final report of ESPRIT II Project No. 2165, IMPPACT). \bibitem[Boe90]{Boe90} J.~R. Boerma. \newblock {\em The Design of Fixtures for Prismatic Parts}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Twente, The Netherlands, 1990. \bibitem[BP89]{BP89} N.~S. Bernstein and K.~Preiss. \newblock Representation of tolerance information in solid models. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 Design Automation Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \newblock (Conf. held in Montreal, Canada, Sept 1989). \bibitem[BPB93]{BPB93} A.~D. Bowyer and S.~Parry-Barwick. \newblock Woodwark's method for feature recognition. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, Submitted for publication, 1993. \bibitem[BR87]{BR87} P.~Brown and S.~Ray. \newblock Research issues in process planning at the {N}ational {B}ureau of {S}tandards. \newblock In {\em Proc. 19th Intl. Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, June 1987}. ????, 1987. \newblock (WHERE? WHO?). \bibitem[Bra82]{Bra82} I.~C. Braid. \newblock Form features and generic shapes, Feb. 1982. \newblock Shape Data Ltd., report to CAM-I Geometric Modeling \& Advanced Numerical Control Projects. \bibitem[Bra90]{Bra90} T.~A. Brand. \newblock Increased flexibility in a feature-based design environment. \newblock Master's thesis, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1990. \newblock (RDRC Technical Report 90039). \bibitem[Bro93]{Bro93} C.~W. Brown. \newblock Feature-based tolerancing for intelligent inspection process definition. \newblock In H.~B. V.~Srinivasan \&~Voelcker, editor, {\em Proc. 1993 International Forum on Dimensional Tolerancing \& Metrology, Dearborn, MI, 17 - 19 June 1993}, pages 249 -- 258. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1993. \bibitem[BRS88]{BRS88} R.~E. Billo, R.~Rucker, and D.~L. Schunk. \newblock Enhancing group technology modeling with database abstractions. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 7}, 2, 95 -- 106, 1988. \bibitem[Bru89]{Bru89} J.-M. Brun. \newblock Solid modelling schemes and solid reconstruction. \newblock In W.~Strasser and H.-P. Seidel, editors, {\em Theory and Practice of Geometric Modeling}. Springer-Verlag, 1989. \newblock (Proc. Int. Conf. in Blaubeuren, Germany, Oct 1988). \bibitem[Bru90]{Bru90} J.-M. Brun. \newblock B-{R}ep to {CSG} conversion as a feature recognition process. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[Bru94]{Bru94} J.-M. Brun. \newblock From characteristic shapes to form features. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[BSWDM90]{B+90} K.~N. Brown, J.~H. Sims~Williams, J.~Devlukia, and C.~A. McMahon. \newblock Reasoning with geometry: Predicting stress concentration factors. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence in Engineering}, {\bf 5}, 4, 182 -- 188, 1990. \bibitem[BW93]{BW93} W.~Brandenburg and B.~W{\"{o}}rdenweber. \newblock Featuremodelling with an object-oriented approach. \newblock {\em Computing}, {\bf Supplement 8}, 43 -- 57, 1993. \newblock (Proc. Geometric Modelling Seminar, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, July 1991; published as {\em Geometric Modeling}, eds. G. Farin, H. Hagen \& H. Noltemeier, Springer-Verlag). \bibitem[BW94]{BW94} S.~L. Brooks and M.~L. Wolf. \newblock Overview of {A}llied {S}ignal's {XCUT} system. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 399 -- 422. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[C{\etalchar{+}}88]{C+88} U.~Cugini et~al. \newblock Towards automatic indexing of product models in a {CIM} environment. \newblock Proc IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation, University of Maryland, 29 -- 31 Aug 1988, 1988. \bibitem[C{\etalchar{+}}89]{Cha+89} B.~Charles et~al. \newblock Toward a computer-aided functional tolerancing model. \newblock Proc. Intl. Conf on CAD/CAM \& Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Jerusalem, Israel, 11-14 Dec 1989, 1989. \bibitem[C{\etalchar{+}}90]{C+90} P.~H. Cohen et~al. \newblock Attribute-based group technology system. \newblock In {\em Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, Nov. 1990}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers [WHERE?], 1990. \bibitem[CA89a]{CK89b} K.~Case and B.~S. A\c{c}ar. \newblock Learning studies in the use of computer aided design systems. \newblock {\em Behaviour \& Information Technology}, {\bf 8}, 5, 353 -- 368, 1989. \bibitem[CA89b]{CA89a} K.~Case and B.~S. A\c{c}ar. \newblock The manufacturing features approach to design and its impact on the learning and use of computer aided design systems. \newblock In E.~D. Megaw, editor, {\em Contemporary Ergonomics 1989}. Taylor \& Francis, London, 1989. \bibitem[CAB89]{CCB89} Y.-C. Chou, D.~C. Anderson, and M.~Barash. \newblock A mathematical approach to automatic configuration of machining fixtures: {A}nalysis and synthesis. \newblock {\em ASME J. Engineering for Industry}, {\bf 111}, 299 -- 306, 1989. \bibitem[Cab90]{Cab90} J.~Cabadaj. \newblock Theory of computer aided fixture design. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 15}, 1\&2, 141 -- 147, 1990. \bibitem[{CAM}80]{CAM80} {CAM-I}. \newblock {CAM-I}'s illustrated glossary of workpiece form features. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-80-PPP-02.1}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1980. \bibitem[{CAM}81]{CAM81} {CAM-I}. \newblock Preliminary study of the requirements for the incorporation of dimensions and tolerances in a geometric model. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-81-GM-03}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1981. \bibitem[{CAM}82]{CAM82} {CAM-I}. \newblock Design of an advanced numerical control processor. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-82-ANC-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1982. \bibitem[{CAM}85a]{CAM85b} {CAM-I}. \newblock Dimensioning and tolerancing final report. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-85-GM-02.2}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1985. \bibitem[{CAM}85b]{CAM85a} {CAM-I}. \newblock Requirements for support of form features in a solid modeling system. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-85-ASPP-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1985. \bibitem[{CAM}85c]{CAM85c} {CAM-I}. \newblock Volume decomposition algorithm --- final report. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-85-ANC-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1985. \bibitem[{CAM}86a]{CAM86c} {CAM-I}. \newblock Dimensions and tolerances feasibility demonstration. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{PS-86-ANC/GM-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[{CAM}86b]{CAM86d} {CAM-I}. \newblock Features extraction and process planning. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-86-GM/PP-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[{CAM}86c]{CAM86a} {CAM-I}. \newblock Part features for process planning. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-86-PPP-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[{CAM}86d]{CAM86b} {CAM-I}. \newblock Reconciliation of design and manufacturing requirements for product description data using functional primitive part features. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-86-ANC/GM/PP-01.1}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[{CAM}88a]{CAM88a} {CAM-I}. \newblock The coupling of geometric modeling systems with finite element modeling. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-88-GM-01.1}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1988. \bibitem[{CAM}88b]{CAM88c} {CAM-I}. \newblock Current status of features technology. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-88-GM-04.1}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1988. \bibitem[{CAM}88c]{CAM88b} {CAM-I}. \newblock The modelling of assemblies for design and manufacture. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-88-GM-02}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1988. \bibitem[CAM88d]{CAM88} T.~C. Chang, D.~C. Anderson, and O.~R. Mitchell. \newblock {QTC} -- an integrated design/manufacturing/inspection system for prismatic parts. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}, 1988. \bibitem[{CAM}89]{CAM89} {CAM-I}. \newblock Functional requirements for feature-based modeling systems. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-89-GM-03}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1989. \bibitem[{CAM}90a]{CAM90a} {CAM-I}. \newblock Conceptual design of feature-based modeling system. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-90-PM-01}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1990. \bibitem[{CAM}90b]{CAM90b} {CAM-I}. \newblock Philosophical development of form feature concept. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-90-PM-02}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1990. \bibitem[{CAM}90c]{CAM90c} {CAM-I}. \newblock Proceedings, {F}eatures {S}ymposium, {A}ugust 9-10 1990, {W}oburn ({B}oston), {MA}. \newblock Document \mbox{P-90-PM-02}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1990. \bibitem[Cat91]{Cat91} G.~Catania. \newblock Form features for mechanical design and manufacturing. \newblock {\em J. Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 1, 21 -- 43, 1991. \bibitem[CB85]{CB85} B.~K. Choi and M.~M. Barash. \newblock {STOPP}: An approach to {CAD/CAM} integration. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 17}, 4, 162 -- 168, 1985. \bibitem[CB89a]{CB89b} S.~P. Carney and D.~C. Brown. \newblock A continued investigation into qualitative reasoning about shape and fit. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design \& Manufacture}, {\bf 3}, 2, 85 -- 110, 1989. \bibitem[CB89b]{CB89a} S.~P. Carney and D.~C. Brown. \newblock A qualitative model for reasoning about shape and fit. \newblock In {\em Proc. 4th Intl. Conf on AI in Engineering, Cambridge, UK, July 1989}. ???, 1989. \bibitem[CBA84]{CBA84} B.~K. Choi, M.~M. Barash, and D.~C. Anderson. \newblock Automatic recognition of machined surfaces from a {3D} solid model. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 16}, 2, 81 -- 86, 1984. \bibitem[CC91a]{CC91a} J.~Corney and D.~E.~R. Clark. \newblock A feature recognition algorithm for multiply connected depressions and protrusions in {$2\frac{1}{2}D$} objects. \newblock In {\em Solid Modeling Foundations and CAD/CAM Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Austin, TX, June 1991). \bibitem[CC91b]{CC91b} J.~Corney and D.~E.~R Clark. \newblock Method for finding holes and pockets that connect multiple faces in {$2\frac{1}{2}D$} objects. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 10, 658 -- 668, 1991. \bibitem[CC93a]{CC93a} J.~Corney and D.~E.~R. Clark. \newblock Efficient face-based feature recognition. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[CC93b]{CC93b} J.~Corney and D.~E.~R. Clark. \newblock Face-based feature recognition: Generalizing special cases. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 6}, 1\&2, 39 -- 50, 1993. \bibitem[CCMY92]{CCMY92} J.~Corney, D.~E.~R. Clark, J.~L. Murray, and Y.~Yue. \newblock Automatic classification of {$2\frac{1}{2}D$} components. \newblock In {\em Proc. Symposium on Concurrent Engineering}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \newblock (Presented at Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, Nov 1992; Publication PED Vol. 59, pp. 85 -- 99). \bibitem[CCPS88]{CCPS88} J.~C. Chung, R.~L. Cook, D.~Patel, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Feature-based geometry construction for geometric reasoning. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[CD88]{CD88} J.~Cunningham and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Designing with features: the origin of features. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[CF88]{CF88} L.~Casu and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock A feature-based modelling system built on top of {E}uler operators. \newblock Technical Report~52, Instituto per la Matematica Applicata del CNR, Genoa, Italy, 1988. \newblock (submitted to CG International 89 Conf, Leeds). \bibitem[CFG{\etalchar{+}}91]{CF+91} U.~Cugini, B.~Falcidieno, F.~Giannini, P.~Mussio, and M.~Protti. \newblock Task-driven descriptions of mechanical parts in a {CAD} system. \newblock Proc. 1st International Conf. on Artificial Intelligence in Design, Edinburgh, Scotland, Jun 1991, 1991. \bibitem[CFM91]{CFM91} J.~C. Cavendish, W.~H. Frey, and S.~P. Marin. \newblock Feature-based design and finite element mesh generation for functional surfaces. \newblock {\em Advanced Engineering Software}, {\bf 13}, 5\&6, 226 -- 237, 1991. \bibitem[CH90]{CH90} S.-H. Chuang and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Three-dimensional shape pattern recognition using vertex classification and vertex-edge graphs. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 22}, 6, 377 -- 387, 1990. \bibitem[CH91]{CH91} S.-H. Chuang and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Compound feature recognition by web grammar parsing. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 147 -- 158, 1991. \bibitem[Cha89]{Cha89} T.-C. Chang. \newblock {\em Expert Process Planning for Manufacturing}. \newblock Addison Wesley, 1989. \bibitem[Cha92]{Cha92} C.-H. Chang. \newblock Computer-assisted fixture planning for machining processes. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 5}, 1, 15 -- 28, 1992. \bibitem[Che89]{Che89} C.-S. Chen. \newblock A form feature oriented coding scheme. \newblock {\em Computers \& Industrial Engineering}, {\bf 17}, 1 -- 4, 227 -- 233, 1989. \newblock (Proc. 11th Conf. on Computers \& Industrial Engineering, Orlando, FL). \bibitem[Chi85]{Chi85} M.~J. Chinnery. \newblock Some feature-oriented developments to a solid modeller. \newblock Master's thesis, Dept. of Applied Computing \& Mathematics, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England, 1985. \bibitem[Cho82]{Cho82} B.~K. Choi. \newblock {CAD/CAM} compatible, tool-oriented process planning for machining centers. \newblock UNKNOWN PROCEEDINGS, 1982. \bibitem[CHR88]{CHR88} P.~F. Chavez, M.~R. Henderson, and A.~Razdan. \newblock Automatic {3D} finite element modeling using solid model data and {AI} techniques. \newblock Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988, 1888. \bibitem[Chu91]{Chu91} S.-H. Chuang. \newblock {\em Feature Recognition from Solid Models using Conceptual Shape Graphs}. \newblock PhD thesis, Arizona State University, 1991. \bibitem[CJC93]{CJC93} M.~A. Chamberlain, A.~Joneja, and T.-C. Chang. \newblock Protrusion-features handling in design and manufacturing planning. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 25}, 1, 19 -- 28, 1993. \bibitem[CL89]{CL89} H.~D. Callihan and P.~J. Loyacona. \newblock From form-featured solids modeling to production. \newblock In {\em Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, 30 Oct - 2 Nov 1989}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1989. \bibitem[CL92]{CL92} Y.~Chen and N.~Langrana. \newblock Restoration of {CAD} database and geometric feature recognition. \newblock In {\em Proc. 4th International Conf. on Design Theory and Methodology}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[CM]{CM89} J.~C. Cavendish and S.~P. Marin. \newblock Feature-based design of automobile surfaces. \newblock In ???, editor, {\em Mathematics in the Automotive Industry}. Oxford University Press, ????? \newblock (Proc. Conf. at Warwick, England, Sept. 1989)[WHEN PUBLISHED?]. \bibitem[CM89]{CMG89} A.~Cheikh and P.~F. McGoldrick. \newblock Functional tolerancing in {CAD/CAM}. \newblock Proc. Intl. Conf on CAD/CAM \& Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Jerusalem, Israel, 11-14 Dec 1989, 1989. \bibitem[CM92a]{CM92b} J.~C. Cavendish and S.~P. Marin. \newblock Feature-based surface design and machining. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, {\bf 12}, 5, 61 -- 68, 1992. \bibitem[CM92b]{CM92a} J.~C. Cavendish and S.~P. Marin. \newblock A procedural feature-based approach for designing functional surfaces. \newblock In H.~Hagen, editor, {\em Topics in Surface Modeling}. SIAM, Philadelphia, 1992. \bibitem[CM94]{CM94} G.~K. Christensen and O.~B. Mogensen. \newblock Backward form feature recognition and removal for an automatic {CNC}-programming system -- {BCAM}. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[CMG94]{CMG94} J.~C. Cuilli{\`{e}}re, R.~Maranzana, and M.~Gueury. \newblock Application de techniques d'extraction de caract\'eristiques {\`{a}} la pr\'{e}-optimisation de maillages tridimensionnels. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[CMV91]{CMV91} U.~Cugini, F.~Mandorli, and I.~Vicini. \newblock Automatic recognition of form features in grasping and assembling field: An approach rule-based. \newblock Preprint, paper submitted to AID '91, Edinburgh, June 1991, 1991. \bibitem[Coh91]{Coh91} P.~H. Cohen. \newblock Automated fixture design. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[Cor93]{Cor93} J.~R. Corney. \newblock {\em Graph-based Feature Recognition}. \newblock PhD thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1993. \bibitem[CS93]{CS93} A.~Cunningham and R.~Smart. \newblock Computer-aided parts estimation. \newblock {\em AI Magazine}, {\bf 14}, 3, 39 -- 47, 1993. \bibitem[CTB92]{CTB92} M.~R. Cutkosky, J.~M. Tenenbaum, and D.~R. Brown. \newblock Working with multiple representations in a concurrent design system. \newblock {\em J. Mechanical Design}, {\bf 114}, 515 -- 524, 1992. \bibitem[CTM88]{CTM88} M.~R. Cutkosky, J.~M. Tenenbaum, and D.~Muller. \newblock Features in process based design. \newblock Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988, 1988. \bibitem[CW84]{CW84} T.-C. Chang and R.~A. Wysk. \newblock Integrating {CAD} and {CAM} through automated process planning. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 22}, 5, 877 -- 894, 1984. \bibitem[CW91]{CW91} J.~D. Chovan and M.~B. Waldron. \newblock Identifying the fundamental geometric attributes of design: An application of distinctive feature theory. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 Conf. on Design Theory and Methodology}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-Vol 31, pp. 209 -- 216). \bibitem[CZ92]{CZ92} G.~Cheng and Y.~Zeng. \newblock Strategies for automatic finite element modeling. \newblock {\em Computers \& Structures}, {\bf 44}, 4, 905 -- 909, 1992. \bibitem[D{\etalchar{+}}91a]{D+91a} J.-J. Deng et~al. \newblock Functionality and cost engineering. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[D{\etalchar{+}}91b]{D+91b} J.~R. Dixon et~al. \newblock Computer-based design process models and feature-based design object representations: a research progress report. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1991. \bibitem[Dab94]{Dab94} P.~Dabke. \newblock Developing a finite element analysis agent. \newblock Technical report, Stanford University, Center for Design Research, Stanford, CA 94305, February 1994. \bibitem[Das91]{Das91} P.~G. Dastidar. \newblock {\em A Knowledge-based Manufacturing Advisory System for the Economical Design of Metal Stampings}. \newblock PhD thesis, Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 1991. \bibitem[Dau94]{Dau94} F.~Daugy. \newblock {FEMOD}: A feature-based modeller architecture. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[DCS87]{DCS87} J.~R. Dixon, J.~J. Cunningham, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Research in designing with features. \newblock In H.~Yoshikawa and D.~C. Gossard, editors, {\em Intelligent {CAD} I}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1987. \newblock (Proc. IFIP TC5/WG5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, Cambridge, MA, Oct.1987). \bibitem[DD86]{DD86} J.~R. Dixon and C.~L. Dym. \newblock Artificial intelligence and geometric reasoning in manufacturing technology. \newblock {\em Applied Mechanics Reviews}, {\bf 39}, 9, 1325 -- 1330, 1986. \bibitem[DD89]{DD89} M.~R. Duffy and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Automating extrusion design: A case study in geometric and topological reasoning for mechanical design. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 20}, 10, 589 -- 596, 1989. \bibitem[DDW91]{DDVW91} X.~Dong, W.~R. De{V}ries, and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Feature-based reasoning in fixture design. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 40}, 1, 111 -- 114, 1991. \newblock (Also Technical Report 91003, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[DDWP86]{DDWP86} B.~J. Davies, I.~L. Darbyshire, A.~J. Wright, and M.~W. Park. \newblock The integration of process planning with {CAD/CAM} including the use of expert systems. \newblock In J.~A. McGeough, editor, {\em Computer Aided Production Engineering}. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds, England, 1986. \newblock (Proc. International Conf., Edinburgh, April 1986). \bibitem[Dix88]{Dix88} J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Designing with features: Building manufacturing knowledge into more intelligent {CAD} systems. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Manufacturing International '88 Conf., Atlanta, GA, Apl. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[DL81]{DL81} Y.~Descotte and J.-C. Latombe. \newblock {GARI}: A problem solver that plans how to machine mechanical parts. \newblock Proc. 7th Intl. Joint Convention on Arttificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Vancouver, Canada ???? when ????, 1981. \bibitem[DL84]{DL84} Y.~Descotte and J.-C. Latombe. \newblock {GARI}: An expert system for process planning. \newblock In M.~S. Pickett and J.~W. Boyse, editors, {\em Solid Modeling by Computers}. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1984. \newblock (Proc. General Motors Solid Modeling Symposium, Warren, Michigan, Sept. 1983). \bibitem[DL85]{DL85} Y.~Descotte and J.-C. Latombe. \newblock {GARI}: {A}n expert system for process planning. \newblock {\em Process Planning}, ????, 329 -- 346, 1985. \bibitem[DL91]{DL91} D.~Dutta and J.~B. Levin. \newblock Computer-aided process planning for parallel machining. \newblock Technical Report UM-MEAM-91-11, Design Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering \& Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Aug. 1991. \bibitem[DLL{\etalchar{+}}85]{DLL+85} J.~R. Dixon, E.~C. Libardi, S.~C. Luby, M.~Vaghul, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Expert systems for mechanical design: Examples of symbolic representations of design geometries. \newblock In {\em Application of Knowledge-based Systems to Engineering Analysis and Design}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1985. \newblock (Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Miami, Fl, Nov. 1985); ASME Publication No. AD-10. Also published in Engineering with Computers {\bf 2}, 1, 1-10. \bibitem[DLN90]{DLN90} J.~R. Dixon, E.~C. Libardi, and E.~H. Nielsen. \newblock Unresolved research issues in development of design-with-features systems. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Workshop, Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[DM90]{DM90} D.~Domazet and M.~Manic. \newblock Implementation of the feature-based modelling and design approach in development of the {CADROT} system. \newblock In {\em Proc. YUGRAPH 90, 4th Intl. Conf. on Computer Graphics, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, June 1990}, 1990. \bibitem[dMG94]{dMG94} T.~de~Martino and F.~Giannini. \newblock The role of feature recognition in future {CAD} systems. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[dMS89a]{HMS89b} L.~S.~Homem de~Mello and A.~C. Sanderson. \newblock A correct and complete algorithm for the generation of mechanical assembly sequences. \newblock Technical Report CIRSSE 33, Center for Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, June 1989. \bibitem[dMS89b]{HMS89a} L.~S.~Homem de~Mello and A.~C. Sanderson. \newblock Representations of mechanical assembly sequences. \newblock Technical Report CIRSSE 32, Center for Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, June 1989. \bibitem[DMS94]{DMS94} D.~Deneux, R.~Maranzana, and R.~Soenen. \newblock The material angle: A part-level criterion for tool-feature extraction. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[Don88]{Don88} X.~Dong. \newblock {\em Geometric Feature Extraction for Computer Aided Process Planning}. \newblock PhD thesis, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1988. \newblock (RDRC Technical Report 88029). \bibitem[DPS94]{DPS94} P.~Dabke, V.~Prabhakar, and S.~Sheppard. \newblock Using features to support finite element idealizations. \newblock Technical report, Stanford University, Center for Design Research, Stanford, CA 94305, February 1994. \bibitem[DS92]{DS92} P.~Dabke and S.~Sheppard. \newblock {ADVANTAGE}: An integrated environment for solid modeling and finite element analysis. \newblock Technical Report CDR TR 19930920, Design Division, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, ????1992. \bibitem[DW88a]{DW88b} X.~Dong and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Feature extraction for computer aided process planning. \newblock In {\em Proc. 3rd International Conf. on Computer Aided Production Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI}, June 1988. \newblock (Also Technical Report TR 88007, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[DW88b]{DW88a} X.~Dong and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock {FRAFES}: A frame-based feature extraction system. \newblock In {\em Proc. {IEEE} International Conf. on Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY}, May 1988. \bibitem[DW90]{DW90} X.~Dong and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Feature volume creation for computer aided process planning. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}, pages 385 -- 403. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[DW91]{DW91} X.~Dong and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock A method for generating volumetric features from surface features. \newblock In {\em Solid Modeling Foundations and CAD/CAM Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Austin, TX, June 1991). \bibitem[DZL93]{DZL93} W.~Duan, J.~Zhou, and K.~Lai. \newblock {FSMT}: A feature solid-modelling tool for feature-based design and manufacture. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 25}, 1, 29 -- 38, 1993. \bibitem[DZY92]{DZY92} W.~Duan, J.~Zhou, and J.~Yu. \newblock Feature solid modelling tool system: {FSMTS}. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Drafting, Design \& Manufacturing}, {\bf 2}, 1, 58 -- 67, 1992. \bibitem[EE94]{EE94} H.~A. ElMaraghy and W.~H. ElMaraghy. \newblock Computer-aided inspection planning ({CAIP}). \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 363 -- 396. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[EG87]{EG87} H.~A. ElMaraghy and P.~H. Gu. \newblock Expert system for inspection planning. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 36}, 1, 85 -- 89, 1987. \bibitem[Ehr86]{Ehr86} H.~Ehrig. \newblock {\em Tutorial Introduction to the Algebraic Approach to Graph Grammars}. \newblock Springer-Verlag, 1986. \bibitem[EO91]{EO91} O.~K. Eyada and J.~B. Ong. \newblock An assembly recognition algorithm for automatic tolerancing. \newblock Proc. 19th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., Rolla, MO, May 1991, 1991. \bibitem[ES93]{ES93} W.~Eversheim and J.~Schneewind. \newblock Computer-aided process planning --- state of the art and future development. \newblock {\em Robotics \& Computer-Integrated Manufacturing}, {\bf 10}, 1\&2, 65 -- 70, 1993. \bibitem[EW88]{EW88} P.~J. Englert and P.~K. Wright. \newblock Principles for part setup and workholding in automated manufacturing. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 7}, 2, 147 -- 161, 1988. \bibitem[EW89]{EW89} M.~Eichenberger and G.~Wong. \newblock Two contrasting methods of object recognition: Geometric features and {G}abor function filter values. \newblock Proc. SCIA '89, 6th Scandinavian Conf. on Image Analysis, Oulu, Finland, 19-22 June 1989, 1989. \bibitem[EWE91]{EWE91} H.~A. ElMaraghy, Z.~Wu, and W.~H. ElMaraghy. \newblock A tolerancing system for mechanical design. \newblock In A.~Bagchi and J.~J. Beaman, editors, {\em Intelligent Design and Manufacturing for Prototyping}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Papers from Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1991), Publication PED-Vol. 50). \bibitem[Fag86]{Fag86} D.~J. Fagan. \newblock Extraction and organisation of manufacturing features from a three-dimensional cad database. \newblock Master's thesis, Purdue University, 1986. \bibitem[Fau81]{Fau81} I.~D. Faux. \newblock Preliminary study of the requirements for the incorporation of dimensions and tolerances in a geometric model. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-81-GM-03}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1981. \bibitem[Fau86]{Fau86} I.~D. Faux. \newblock Reconciliation of design and manufacturing requirements for product description data using functional primitive part features. \newblock Technical Report \mbox{R-86-ANC/GM/PP-01.1}, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[Fau90]{Fau90} I.~D. Faux. \newblock Modelling of components and assemblies in terms of shape primitives based on standard dimensioning and tolerancing surface features. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}, pages 259 -- 275. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[FB89]{FB89} L.~De Floriani and E.~Bruzzone. \newblock Building a feature-based object description from a boundary model. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 21}, 10, 602 -- 610, 1989. \bibitem[FD89a]{FD89a} S.~Finger and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock A review of research in mechanical engineering design, {P}art {I}: Descriptive, prescriptive and computer based models of design processes. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, {\bf 1}, 51 -- 67, 1989. \bibitem[FD89b]{FD89b} S.~Finger and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock A review of research in mechanical engineering design, {P}art {II}: Representations, analysis and design for the life-cycle. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, {\bf 1}, 121 -- 137, 1989. \bibitem[FdP91]{FdP91} Z.~Fu and A.~de~Pennington. \newblock Geometric reasoning based on graph grammar parsing. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication ?????, Vol 2, pp. 13 -- 22). \bibitem[FEG{\etalchar{+}}90]{F+90} T.~L.~De Fazio, A.~C. Edsall, R.~E. Gustavson, J.~A. Hernandez, P.~M. Hutchins, H.-W. Leung, S.~C. Luby, R.~W. Metzinger, J.~L. Nevins, K.~K. Tung, and D.~E. Whitney. \newblock A prototype for feature-based design for assembly. \newblock Technical Report CSDL-P-2917, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1990. \bibitem[FF88a]{FF88b} B.~Falcidieno and B.~Fossati. \newblock Representing tolerance information in feature-based solid modelling. \newblock Technical Report~51, Instituto per la Matematica Applicata del CNR, Genoa, Italy, 1988. \bibitem[FF88b]{FF88a} L.~De Floriani and B.~Falcidieno. \newblock A hierarchical boundary model for solid object representation. \newblock {\em ACM Trans. on Graphics}, {\bf 7}, 1, 42 -- 60, 1988. \bibitem[FG87]{FG87} B.~Falcidieno and F.~Giannini. \newblock Extraction and organisation of form features into a structured boundary model. \newblock In G.~Mar\'{e}chal, editor, {\em Eurographics '87}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1987. \newblock (Proc. Conf. in Amsterdam, Aug. 1987). \bibitem[FG89]{FG89} B.~Falcidieno and F.~Giannini. \newblock Automatic recognition and representation of shape-based features in a geometric modelling system. \newblock {\em Computer Vision, Graphics \& Image Processing}, {\bf 48}, 1, 93 -- 123, 1989. \bibitem[FG90]{FG90} B.~Falcidieno and F.~Giannini. \newblock A system for extracting and representing feature information driven by the application context. \newblock In {\em Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Robotics and Automation, May 1990, Cincinnati, OH}. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1990. \bibitem[FH90]{FH90} J.~C.~E. Ferreira and S.~Hinduja. \newblock Convex hull-based feature recognition method for 2.5{D} components. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 22}, 1, 41 -- 49, 1990. \bibitem[Fis92]{Fis92} R.~B. Fisher. \newblock Representation, extraction and recognition with second-order topographic surface features. \newblock {\em Image \& Vision Computing}, {\bf 10}, 3, 156 -- 169, 1992. \bibitem[Fle88]{Fle88} A.~D. Fleming. \newblock Geometric relationships between toleranced features. \newblock In D.~Kaupur and J.~Mundy, editors, {\em Geometric Reasoning}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (A paper with the same title appears in Artificial Intelligence {\bf 37}, 1 -- 3, 403 -- 412). \bibitem[Fle89]{Fle89} A.~D. Fleming. \newblock A representation for geometrically toleranced parts. \newblock In J.~R. Woodwark, editor, {\em Geometric Reasoning}. Oxford University Press, 1989. \bibitem[Flo87]{Flo87} L.~De Floriani. \newblock A graph-based approach to object feature recognition. \newblock Proc. 3rd ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, Waterloo, Ontario, June 1987, 1987. \bibitem[Flo88]{Flo88} L.~De Floriani. \newblock Representation and extraction of object features in a solid model. \newblock In R.~A. Earnshaw, editor, {\em Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and {CAD}}. Springer-Verlag, 1988. \newblock (Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute, Il Ciocco, Italy, July 1987; NATO ASI Series, Vol F40). \bibitem[Flo89]{Flo89} L.~De Floriani. \newblock Feature extraction from boundary models of three-dimensional objects. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis \& Machine Intelligence}, {\bf 11}, 8, 785 -- 798, 1989. \bibitem[FMN90]{FMN90} L.~De Floriani, A.~Maulik, and G.~Nagy. \newblock Manipulating a modular boundary model with a face-based graph structure. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[FMN91]{FMN91} L.~De Floriani, A.~Maulik, and G.~Nagy. \newblock Representation of solid objects by a modular boundary model. \newblock In L.~S.~Homem de~Mello and ?.~?. Lee, editors, {\em Computer Aided Mechanical Design}. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1991. \bibitem[FN88]{FN88} L.~De Floriani and G.~Nagy. \newblock An alternative goal-oriented hierarchical representation of solid objects for computer-integrated manufacturing. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Philadelphia, PA, 24-29 Apl 1988, 1988. \bibitem[FS90]{FS90} S.~Finger and S.~Safier. \newblock Representing and recognizing features in mechanical designs. \newblock In J.~Rinderle, editor, {\em Design Theory and Methodology -- DTM '90}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1990. \newblock (Proc. Conf. in Chicago, IL, 16 -19 Sept 1990; ASME Publication DE-Vol. 27). \bibitem[FS94]{FS94} B.~Faltings and K.~Sun. \newblock Computer-aided creative mechanism design. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[Fuj91]{Fuj91} W.~T. Fujimoto. \newblock Automated design of aerospace assemblies. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[FW87]{FW87} T.~L.~De Fazio and D.~E. Whitney. \newblock Simplified generation of all mechanical assembly sequences. \newblock {\em IEEE J. Robotics \& Automation}, {\bf RA-3}, 6, 640 -- 658, 1987. \newblock (see also corrections, ibid., {\bf RA-4}, 6, 705 -- 708, 1988). \bibitem[FYF94]{FYF94} S.~O. Filho, A.~Z. Yoshida, and J.~C.~E. Ferreira. \newblock Feature technology as a tool for concurrent engineering. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[G{\etalchar{+}}88a]{G+88a} D.~C. Genord et~al. \newblock An automatic {NC} processor: Harnessing the technology of form feature based solids modelling. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Chicago, IL, 30 Oct -- 8 Nov 1988, 1988. \bibitem[G{\etalchar{+}}88b]{G+88b} E.~V. Goncalves et~al. \newblock Pattern recognition approach for group technology implementation. \newblock Proc. 16th SME National Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing \& Robotics, Urbana, IL, 24-27 May 1988, 1988. \bibitem[G{\etalchar{+}}88c]{G+88} G.~R. Graves et~al. \newblock An interface architecture for {CAD/CAPP} integration using knowledge-based systems and feature recognition. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 1}, 2, 89 -- 100, 1988. \bibitem[G{\etalchar{+}}89]{G+89} G.~R. Graves et~al. \newblock A functional approach to feature recognition in production planning. \newblock {\em Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 2}, 3, 162 -- 171, 1989. \bibitem[Gad94a]{Gad94b} R.~Gadh. \newblock Feature mapping and feature recognition in geometric design generation. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 107 -- 128. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[Gad94b]{Gad94a} R.~Gadh. \newblock Feature mappings as utilized within a flexible features-based design approach. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[GAHL{\etalchar{+}}90]{G+90} H.~Grabowski, R.~Anderl, V.~Holland-Letz, B.~P{\"{a}}tzold, and A.~Suhm. \newblock An integrated {CAD/CAM}-system for product and process modelling. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[GAP91]{GAP91} H.~Grabowski, R.~Anderl, and M.~J. Pratt, editors. \newblock {\em Advanced Modelling for {CAD/CAM} Systems}. \newblock Springer-Verlag, 1991. \newblock (ESPRIT Research Reports - Project 322, CAD Interfaces, Vol. 7). \bibitem[GC88]{GC88} W.~Greenwood and K.~Chase. \newblock Worst case tolerance analysis with nonlinear problems. \newblock {\em Trans. ASME}, {\bf 110}, 232 -- 235, 1988. \bibitem[GC90a]{GC90a} F.~Giacometti and T.-C. Chang. \newblock A model for parts, assemblies and tolerances. \newblock Preprint for 1st IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Design for Manufacturing, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1990, 1990. \bibitem[GC90b]{GC90b} F.~Giacometti and T.-C. Chang. \newblock Object-oriented design for modelling parts, assemblies and tolerances. \newblock Proc. Conf. on Technology of Object-oriented Languages \& Systems (TOOLS), Paris, France, 1990, 1990. \bibitem[GC91]{GC91} F.~Giacometti and T.-C. Chang. \newblock Design of mechanical assemblies with functional fetaures. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation}, 1991. \newblock (Preprint for 1991 ASME Design Automation Conf., Miami, FL). \bibitem[GC92]{GC92} I.~R. Grosse and D.~D. Corkill. \newblock A blackboard-based approach to intelligent finite element modelling and analysis. \newblock {\em ASME Comp. Eng. ???????????}, {\bf 2}, 61 -- 68, 1992. \bibitem[GC94]{GC94} J.~Gao and K.~Case. \newblock Implementation aspects of a feature-based design system for manufacturing planning. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[GDW93]{GDW93} C.~R. Gilman, X.~Dong, and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Feature-based fixture design and set-up planning. \newblock In Z.~Dong, editor, {\em Artificial Intelligence in Optimal Design and Manufacturing}. Prentice-Hall, 1993. \newblock (Also Technical Report 92032, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[GGHP91]{GGHP91} R.~Gadh, E.~L. Gurs{\"{o}}z, M.~A. Hall, and F.~B. Prinz. \newblock Feature abstraction in a knowledge-based critique of designs. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 4}, 2, 115 -- 125, 1991. \bibitem[GH90]{GH90} P.~Gavankar and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Graph-based extraction of protrusions and depressions from boundary representations. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 22}, 7, 442 -- 450, 1990. \bibitem[GHML86]{GHML86} G.~Goldbogen, P.~Hoernes, A.~McCool, and A.~Lim. \newblock Expert system for extracting manufacturing features from a {CAD} database. \newblock Technical report, Center for Manufacturing Productivity and Technology Transfer, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1986. \bibitem[Gil90]{Gil90} C.~R. Gilman. \newblock The use of the {PDES} {F}orm {F}eature {I}nformation {M}odel as the primary representation for a form feature modeler. \newblock Master's thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1990. \bibitem[Gin89]{Gin89} N.~N.~Z. Gindy. \newblock A hierarchical structure for form features. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 27}, 12, 2089 -- 2103, 1989. \bibitem[GM90]{GM90} O.~Gonikhin and A.~J. Medland. \newblock Use of networks in describing the design to manufacturing process. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 3}, 3, 171 -- 177, 1990. \bibitem[GM93a]{GM93a} J.-K. Gui and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Assembly modelling on the basis of a mechanical design prototype. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[GM93b]{GM93b} J.-K. Gui and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock New concepts for complete product assembly modelling. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[GMCS90]{GMCS90} L.~Gurs{\"{o}}z, R.~Mattikalli, J.-M. Chen, and A.~Sudhalkar. \newblock A guide to the {NOODLES} geometric modeling system. \newblock Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1990. \bibitem[GNRZ94]{GNRZ94} S.~K. Gupta, D.~S. Nau, W.~C. Regli, and G.~Zhang. \newblock A methodology for systematic generation and evaluation of alternative operation plans. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 161 -- 184. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[GNZK92]{GNZK92} S.~K. Gupta, D.~S. Nau, G.~Zhang, and T.~R. Kramer. \newblock Feature algebra using {PDES/STEP}. \newblock Proc. 2nd Workshop on Process Planning Concepts, Representations and Architectures, 1992. \bibitem[GP90]{GP90} E.~L. Gurs{\"{o}}z and F.~B. Prinz. \newblock A point set approach in geometric modelling. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[GP91]{GP91} R.~Gadh and F.~Prinz. \newblock Shape feature abstraction in knowledge-based analysis of manufactured products. \newblock In {\em Proc. 7th IEEE Conf. on Artificial Intelligence Applications, Feb. 1991}. IEEE, 1991. \bibitem[GP92]{GP92} R.~Gadh and F.~B. Prinz. \newblock Recognition of geometric forms using the differential depth filter. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 24}, 11, 583 -- 598, 1992. \bibitem[Gra77]{Gra77} A.~R. Grayer. \newblock The automatic production of machined components starting from a stored geometric description. \newblock In D.~McPherson, editor, {\em Advances in Computer-Aided Manufacturing}, pages 137 -- 152. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1977. \newblock (Proc. PROLAMAT 76 Conf., Stirling, Scotland, June 1976). \bibitem[GRL94]{GRL94} H.~Grabowski, S.~Rude, and B.-Y. Liu. \newblock Automatic recognition of product models from technical drawings -- a half-space oriented approach. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[GS94]{GS94} I.~R. Grosse and K.~Sahu. \newblock Preliminary design of injection molded parts based on manufacturing and functional simulations. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 289 -- 313. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[GT93]{GT93} J.~Guilford and J.~U. Turner. \newblock Advanced analysis and synthesis for geometric tolerances. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 305 -- 313, 1993. \bibitem[Gu92]{Gu92} P.~Gu. \newblock {PML}: Product modelling language. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 18}, 3, 265 -- 277, 1992. \bibitem[Gui91]{Gui91} J.-K. Gui. \newblock Object-oriented assembly and assembly design process modelling. \newblock {\em J. Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 2, ??? -- ???, 1991. \bibitem[Gui92]{Gui92} J.~Guilford. \newblock Tolerance representation and analysis in solid models. \newblock Overheads from IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992, 1992. \bibitem[GW91]{GW91} C.~R. Gilman and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock The feasibility and limitations of the {STEP} form feature information model as a conceptual schema for form features. \newblock In A.~Bagchi and J.~J. Beaman, editors, {\em Intelligent Design and Manufacturing for Prototyping}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1991, ASME Publication PED-Vol. 50. Also Technical Report 91007, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[GZS88]{GZS88} D.~C. Gossard, R.~P. Zuffante, and H.~Sakurai. \newblock Representing dimensions, tolerances and features in {MCAE} systems. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, {\bf 8}, 2, 51 -- 59, 1988. \bibitem[HA84]{HA84} M.~R. Henderson and D.~C. Anderson. \newblock Computer recognition and extraction of form features: A {CAD/CAM} link. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 5}, 4, 315 -- 325, 1984. \bibitem[Hai85]{Hai85} S.~R. Hailstone. \newblock Explicit form features in solid modelling. \newblock Master's thesis, Dept. of Applied Computing \& Mathematics, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England, 1985. \bibitem[Hal94]{Hal94} G.~Halevi. \newblock {CAD} for manufacturing support. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[HB78]{HB78} R.~C. Hillyard and I.~C. Braid. \newblock Analysis of dimensions and tolerances in computer aided mechanical design. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 10}, 3, 161 -- 166, 1978. \bibitem[HB86]{HB86} K.~E. Hummel and S.~L. Brooks. \newblock Symbolic representation of manufacturing features for an automated process planning system. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA., Dec. 1986; Symposium on Knowledge-based Expert Systems for Manufacturing, pp. 233 -- 243}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1986. \bibitem[HB89]{HB89} K.~E. Hummel and C.~W. Brown. \newblock The role of features in the implementation of concurrent product and process design. \newblock Proc. 1989 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 1989. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-Vol 21, PED-Vol 36). \bibitem[HBA86]{HBA86} N.~Hart, J.~Bennaton, and S.~A\c{c}ar. \newblock A {CAD} engineering language to aid manufacture. \newblock In J.~A. McGeough, editor, {\em Computer Aided Production Engineering}. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds, England, 1986. \newblock (Proc. Intl. Conf. in Edinburgh, Scotland, Apl. 1986). \bibitem[HC88]{HC88} M.~R. Henderson and G.-J. Chang. \newblock {FRAPP}: Automated feature recognition and process planning from solid model data. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, CA, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[Hen84]{Hen84} M.~R. Henderson. \newblock {\em Extraction of Feature Information from Three Dimensional {CAD} Data}. \newblock PhD thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 1984. \bibitem[Hen90]{Hen90} M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Feature definition techniques in automated analysis. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[Hen93a]{Hen93a} M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Representing functionality and design intent in product models. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[Hen93b]{Hen93b} G.~Henzold. \newblock Comparison of vectorial tolerancing and conventional tolerancing. \newblock In H.~B. V.~Srinivasan \&~Voelcker, editor, {\em Proc. 1993 International Forum on Dimensional Tolerancing \& Metrology, Dearborn, MI, 17 - 19 June 1993}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1993. \bibitem[HG86]{HG86} J.~K. Hirschtick and D.~C. Gossard. \newblock Geometric reasoning for design advisory systems. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., Chicago, IL, July 1986, pp. 263 -- 270}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1986. \bibitem[HH92]{HH92} J.-L. Hwang and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Applying the perceptron to three-dimensional feature recognition. \newblock {\em J. Design \& Manufacturing}, {\bf 2}, 187 -- 198, 1992. \bibitem[HHB{\etalchar{+}}90]{HHBL+90} P.~J. Herbert, C.~J. Hinde, A.~D. Bray, V.~A. Launders, D.~Round, and D.~M. Temple. \newblock Feature recognition within a truth maintained process planning system. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 3}, 2, 121 -- 132, 1990. \bibitem[HJ93]{HJ93} C.~M. Hoffmann and R.~Juan. \newblock {EREP}: An editable high-level representation for geometric design and analysis. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[HL89]{HL89} Y.~F. Huang and C.~S. Lee. \newblock Precedence knowledge in feature mating operation assembly planning. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Scottsdale, AZ, 14-19 May 1989, 1989. \bibitem[HLS89]{HLS89} A.~Hadley, N.~Langrana, and L.~Steinberg. \newblock Design using features for mechanical components. \newblock Technical report, Rutgers University, NJ, 1989. \bibitem[HM88]{HM88} M.~R. Henderson and S.~Musti. \newblock Automated group technology part coding from a three-dimensional {CAD} database. \newblock {\em ASME Trans. on Engineering for Industry}, {\bf 110}, 3, 278 -- 287, 1988. \bibitem[HMPW91]{HMPW91} P.~Husbands, F.~Mill, G.~Pedley, and S.~Warrington. \newblock The {E}dinburgh composite component. \newblock Preprint, MSTF '91, 5th Int. Conf. on Manufacturing Science \& Technology of the Future, Enschede, The Netherlands, June 1991, 1991. \bibitem[HMW87]{HMW87} P.~Husbands, F.~Mill, and S.~Warrington. \newblock A knowledge-based process planning system. \newblock In D.~Sriram and R.~A. Adey, editors, {\em Knowledge Based Systems in Engineering Planning and Design}. Computational Mechanics Publications, 1987. \bibitem[HMW89]{HMW89} P.~Husbands, F.~Mill, and S.~Warrington. \newblock Part representation in process planning for complex components. \newblock In J.~R. Woodwark, editor, {\em Geometric Reasoning}. Oxford University Press, 1989. \bibitem[Hof82]{Hof82} P.~Hoffmann. \newblock Analysis of tolerances and process inaccuracies in discrete part manufacturing. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 14}, 2, 83 -- 88, 1982. \bibitem[Hop93]{Hop93} T.~H. Hopp. \newblock Computational metrology. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 295 -- 304, 1993. \bibitem[HR90]{HR90} M.~R. Henderson and A.~Razdan. \newblock Feature-based neighbourhood isolation techniques for automated finite element analysis. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[HRB93]{HRB93} R.~J. Hocken, J.~Raja, and U.~Babu. \newblock Sampling issues in coordinate metrology. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 282 -- 294, 1993. \bibitem[Hsi90]{Hsi90} D.~Hsiao. \newblock {\em Feature Mapping and Manufacturability Evaluation with an Open Set Feature Modeler}. \newblock PhD thesis, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1990. \bibitem[HSS{\etalchar{+}}94]{HSSWR94} M.~R. Henderson, G.~Srinath, R.~Stage, K.~Walker, and W.~C. Regli. \newblock Boundary-representation based feature identification. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 15 -- 38. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[HT90]{HT90} M.~R. Henderson and L.~Taylor. \newblock Computer-intelligible dimensions and tolerances: An annotated bibliography. \newblock Report for Sandia Laboratories by School of Mechanical \& Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, donated by Sandia to CAM-I and published as Report No. DR-90-PM-01, CAM-I Inc., Arlington, TX, 1990. \bibitem[HTHN94]{HTHN94} B.~E. Hirsch, K.-D. Thoben, E.~H{\"{a}}mmerle, and H.~Nordloh. \newblock {CAD/CAM} integration of fixture planning for non-prismatic parts based on fixturing features. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[HU90]{HU90} T.~S. Hwang and D.~G. Ullman. \newblock The design capture system: Capturing back of the envelope sketches. \newblock {\em J. Engineering Design}, {\bf 1}, 4, ?????, 1990. \bibitem[Hum89a]{Hum89a} K.~E. Hummel. \newblock Coupling rule-based and object-oriented programming for the classification of machined features. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., Anaheim, CA, July/Aug 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 409 -- 418}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[Hum89b]{Hum89b} K.~E. Hummel. \newblock The role of features in the implementation of concurrent product and process design. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[HW89]{HW89} C.~Hayes and P.~K. Wright. \newblock Setup planning in machining: {A}n expert system approach. \newblock In {\em Proc. NSF Conf. on Advances in Manufacturing Systems Integration and Process Planning}, 1989. \bibitem[HW90]{HW90} C.~Hayes and P.~K. Wright. \newblock Automating process planning: Using feature interactions to guide search. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 8}, 1, 1 -- 15, 1990. \bibitem[Hwa88]{Hwa88} J.-L. Hwang. \newblock Rule-based feature recognition: {C}oncepts, primitives and implementation. \newblock Master's thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1988. \bibitem[Hwa91]{Hwa91} J.-L. Hwang. \newblock {\em Applying the Perceptron to 3-D Feature Recognition}. \newblock PhD thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1991. \bibitem[Ide87]{Ide87} N.~C. Ide. \newblock Integration of process planning and solid modeling through design by features. \newblock Master's thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1987. \bibitem[IKD89]{IKD89} R.~K. Irani, B.~H. Kim, and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Integrating {CAE}, features and iterative design of injection molds. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 Computers in Engineering Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[IM92]{IM92} K.~Ishii and A.~Miller. \newblock Design representation for manufacturability evaluation: Beyond feature-based design. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1992 ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[IMK94]{IMK94} M.~Inui, N.~Matsuki, and F.~Kimura. \newblock Extended formulation of geometric tolerances based on parametric modifications of surface features. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[IOK93]{IOK93} M.~Inui, H.~Otto, and F.~Kimura. \newblock Algebraic interpretation of geometric tolerances for evaluating geometric uncertainties in solid modeling. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[IS87]{IS87} K.~Iwata and N.~Sugimura. \newblock An integrated {CAD/CAPP} system with `know-hows' on machining accuracies of parts. \newblock {\em ASME J. of Engineering for Industry}, {\bf 109}, 128 -- 132, 1987. \bibitem[ISKS86]{ISKS86} M.~Inui, H.~Suzuki, F.~Kimura, and T.~Sata. \newblock Generation and verification of process plans using dedicated models of products in computer. \newblock In {\em Proc. CAPE '86 Conf.} North-Holland Publishing Co., 1986. \bibitem[ISO92]{ISO92} ISO. \newblock Product {D}ata {R}epresentation and {E}xchange -- {P}art 48: {I}ntegrated {R}esources: {F}orm {F}eatures. \newblock ISO TC184/SC4/N102, Working Draft, January 1992. \newblock (Available from National Institute of Standards \& Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899). \bibitem[ISO93a]{ISO93a} ISO. \newblock Product {D}ata {R}epresentation and {E}xchange -- {P}art 11: {D}escription {M}ethods: {T}he {E}xpress {L}anguage {R}eference {M}anual. \newblock Draft International Standard ISO DIS 10303-11, 1993. \bibitem[ISO93b]{ISO93b} ISO. \newblock Product {D}ata {R}epresentation and {E}xchange -- {P}art 21: {I}mplementation {M}ethods: {C}lear {L}anguage {E}ncoding of the {E}xchange {S}tructure. \newblock Draft International Standard ISO DIS 10303-21, 1993. \bibitem[ISO93c]{ISO93c} ISO. \newblock {P}roduct {D}ata {R}epresentation and {E}xchange -- {P}art 42: {I}ntegrated {R}esources: {G}eometric and {T}opological {R}epresentation. \newblock Draft International Standard ISO DIS 10303-42, 1993. \bibitem[J{\etalchar{+}}91]{J+91} F.~R. Jacobs et~al. \newblock A rule-based system to generate {NC} programs from {CAD} exchange files. \newblock {\em Computers \& Industrial Engineering}, {\bf 20}, 2, 167 -- 176, 1991. \bibitem[Jak77]{Jak77} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock Application of formal languages and fuzzy automata in designing. \newblock In J.~Madey, editor, {\em Proc. IFIP--INFOPOL--76 Conf.} North-Holland Publishing Co., 1977. \bibitem[Jak82]{Jak82} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock Syntactic characterisation of machine parts shapes. \newblock {\em Cybernetics \& Systems}, {\bf 13}, 1, 1-24, 1982. \bibitem[Jak85]{Jak85} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock Extraction of shape features for syntactic recognition of mechanical parts. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man \& Cybernetics}, {\bf SMC-15}, 5, 642 -- 651, 1985. \bibitem[Jak86]{Jak86} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock A structural representation of shape and its features. \newblock {\em Information Sciences}, {\bf 39}, 129 -- 151, 1986. \bibitem[Jak89]{Jak89} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock A theoretic framework for structural representation and recognition of machine parts features in rotational or box-type cubic parts. \newblock {\em Archiwum Informatyki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej}, {\bf 1}, 1 -- 4, 3 -- 33, 1989. \bibitem[Jak90]{Jak90} R.~Jakubowski. \newblock Decomposition of complex shapes for their structural recognition. \newblock {\em Information Sciences}, {\bf 50}, 35 -- 71, 1990. \bibitem[JAK91]{JAK91} C.~C. Jara-Almonte and S.~Krishnamoorthy. \newblock Manufacturability evaluation using axiomatic design principles. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[Jar84]{Jar84} G.~E.~M. Jared. \newblock Shape features in geometric modelling. \newblock In M.~S. Pickett and J.~W. Boyse, editors, {\em Solid Modelling by Computers}. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1984. \newblock (Proc. General Motors Solid Modeling Symposium, Warren, Michigan, Sept. 1983). \bibitem[Jar89a]{Jar89a} G.~E.~M. Jared. \newblock The feature recognition battle - latest from the front. \newblock Proc. British Computer Society Seminar {\em New Tools for Shape Modelling}, 18th May 1989, Caf\'{e} Royal, London, 1989. \bibitem[Jar89b]{Jar89b} G.~E.~M. Jared. \newblock Recognizing and using geometric features. \newblock In J.~R. Woodwark, editor, {\em Geometric Reasoning}. Oxford University Press, 1989. \bibitem[JC88]{JC88} S.~Joshi and T.~C. Chang. \newblock Graph-based heuristics for recognition of machined features from a {3D} solid model. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 20}, 2, 58 -- 66, 1988. \bibitem[JC90]{JC90} S.~Joshi and T.~C. Chang. \newblock Feature extraction and feature-based design approaches in the development of design interface for process planning. \newblock {\em J. Intelligent Manufacturing}, {\bf 1}, 1, 1 -- 16, 1990. \bibitem[JD90]{JD90} A.~T. Joseph and B.~J. Davies. \newblock Knowledge based process planning system for turned components. \newblock {\em Int. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, {\bf 5}, 52 -- 65, 1990. \bibitem[JF90a]{JF90a} R.~Jakubowski and M.~Flasi\'{n}ski. \newblock A structural approach to synthesis of {3-D} solids and to their analysis. \newblock {\em Archiwum Informatyki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej}, {\bf 2}, 3\&4, 167 -- 208, 1990. \bibitem[JF90b]{JF90b} R.~B. Jerard and B.~K. Fussell. \newblock Use of variational geometry in the automatic generation of machining programs. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[JF92]{JF92} R.~Jakubowski and M.~Flasi\'{n}ski. \newblock Towards a generalised sweeping model for designing with extraction and recognition of {3D} solids. \newblock {\em J. of Design and Manufacturing}, {\bf 2}, 239 -- 258, 1992. \bibitem[JHdP94]{JHdP94} N.~P. Juster, L.-H. Hsu, and A.~de~Pennington. \newblock The selection of surfaces for inspection planning. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 333 -- 362. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[JK77]{JK77} R.~Jakubowski and A.~Kasprzak. \newblock A syntactic description and recognition of rotary machine elements. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Computers}, {\bf C-26}, 10, 1039 -- 1043, 1977. \bibitem[JKD90]{JKD90} A.~T. Joseph, M.~Kalta, and B.~J. Davies. \newblock Automatic generation of {NC} programs for turned components from {CAD} product models. \newblock Proc. 28th MATADOR Conf., UMIST, Manchester, England, 18-19 Apl 1990, 1990. \bibitem[Joe88]{Joe88} S.~Joensen. \newblock The handling of welding data in a {CAD} system. \newblock Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Computer Technology in Welding, Cambridge, UK, 8-9 Jun 1988, 1988. \bibitem[Joh91]{Joh91} H.~L. Johannesson. \newblock Computer aided part design based on standard component interface geometry. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-32, Vol. 2, pp. 347 -- 352). \bibitem[Jos87]{Jos87} S.~Joshi. \newblock {\em {CAD} Interface for Automated Process Planning}. \newblock PhD thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 1987. \bibitem[Jos90]{Jos90} S.~Joshi. \newblock Feature recognition and geometric reasoning for some process planning activities. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[JRM90]{JRM90} J.~Jacobsohn, G.~Radack, and F.~Merat. \newblock Incorporating knowledge of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing into a feature-based {CAD} system. \newblock Technical report, Case Western Reserve University, 1990. \bibitem[JRR90]{JRR90} S.~Jablonski, B.~Reinwald, and T.~Ruf. \newblock Integration of process planning and job shop scheduling for dynamic and adaptive manufacturing control. \newblock Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on CIM, Troy, NY, 1990. \bibitem[JS89a]{JS89a} G.~E.~M. Jared and I.~A. Stroud. \newblock A knowledge-based expert system with geometric reasoning capabilities for computer-aided process planning. \newblock Proc. 21st CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, June 1989, Stockholm, 1989. \bibitem[JS89b]{JS89b} R.~Jayaraman and V.~Srinivasan. \newblock Geometric tolerancing {I}: {V}irtual boundary requirements. \newblock {\em IBM J. Research \& Development}, {\bf 33}, 2, 90 -- 104, 1989. \bibitem[JSdP90]{JSP90} A.~H. Juri, A.~Saia, and A.~de~Pennington. \newblock Reasoning about machining operations using feature-based models. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 28}, 1, 153 -- 171, 1990. \bibitem[JT92]{JT92} S.~Joshi and Y.-T. Tseng. \newblock Recognising multiple interpretations of interacting machining features. \newblock Overheads from IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992, 1992. \bibitem[Jus92]{Jus92} N.~P. Juster. \newblock Modelling and representation of dimensions and tolerances: A survey. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 24}, 1, 3 -- 17, 1992. \bibitem[K{\etalchar{+}}88a]{K+88a} S.~Kanai et~al. \newblock The flexible process-planning by combining the advanced {CAPP}, {CAM} and measuring systems. \newblock Proc. 16th SME National Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing \& Robotics, Urbana, IL, 24-27 May 1988, 1988. \bibitem[K{\etalchar{+}}88b]{K+88b} B.~Kumar et~al. \newblock Integration and testing of an intelligent feature extractor within a flexible manufacturing protocol. \newblock Proc. 16th SME National Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing \& Robotics, Urbana, IL, 24 -- 27 May 1988, 1988. \bibitem[K{\etalchar{+}}90]{K+90} S.~V. Kamarthi et~al. \newblock Neural networks and their applications in component design data retrieval. \newblock {\em J. Intelligent Manufacturing}, {\bf 1}, 2, 125 -- 140, 1990. \bibitem[KAK87]{KAK87} B.~Kumar, D.~K. Anand, and J.~A. Kirk. \newblock An intelligent feature extractor for automated machining. \newblock Proc. 5th Intl. Conf. on Systems Engineering, Dayton, OH, Sept 1987, 1987. \bibitem[KAK88]{KAK88} B.~Kumar, D.~K. Anand, and J.~A. Kirk. \newblock Knowledge representation scheme for an intelligent feature extractor. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[Kar90]{Kar90} R.~R. Karinthi. \newblock {\em An Algebraic Approach to Feature Interactions}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1990. \bibitem[KBVY89]{KBVY89} F.-L. Krause, M.~Bienert, F.~H. Vosgerau, and N.~Yaramanoglu. \newblock Feature oriented system design for geometric modelling. \newblock In W.~Strasser and H.-P. Seidel, editors, {\em Theory and Practice of Geometric Modeling}. Springer-Verlag, 1989. \newblock (Proc. Int. Conf. in Blaubeuren, Germany, Oct 1988). \bibitem[Kim91]{Kim91} Y.~S. Kim. \newblock Recognizing form features using convex decomposition. \newblock Technical Report GE-91-05 (UILU-ENG-91-3027), Dept. of General Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991. \bibitem[Kim92]{Kim92} Y.~S. Kim. \newblock Recognition of form features using convex decomposition. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 24}, 9, 461 -- 476, 1992. \bibitem[Kim94]{Kim94} Y.~S. Kim. \newblock Volumetric feature recognition using convex decomposition. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 39 -- 63. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[KJBM90]{KJBM90} F.-L. Krause, H.~Jansen, M.~Bienert, and F.~Major. \newblock System architectures for flexible integration of product gestaltung. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[Kje83]{Kje83} T.~Kjellberg. \newblock Geometric product models, {GPM} in perspective. \newblock Proc. Nicograph 83 Conf., Tokyo, 1983. \bibitem[Kje84]{Kje84} T.~Kjellberg. \newblock The integration of {CAD/CAM} based on product modelling for better human communication. \newblock Proc. 16th CIRP Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, Tokyo, 1984. \bibitem[KK88]{KK88} W.~Kennington and B.~Kimball. \newblock Feature recognition: Rule-based interpretation of {CAD} data. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[KKR91]{KKR91} F.-L. Krause, S.~Kramer, and E.~Rieger. \newblock {PDGL}: {A} language for efficient feature-based product {G}estaltung. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 40}, 1, 135 -- 138, 1991. \bibitem[KL87]{KL87} H.~Ko and K.~W. Lee. \newblock Automatic assembling procedure generation from mating conditions. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 19}, 1, 3 -- 10, 1987. \bibitem[KL89]{KL89} S.~H. Kim and K.~W. Lee. \newblock An assembly modeling system for dynamic and kinematic analysis. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 21}, 1, 2 -- 12, 1989. \bibitem[Kle88]{Kle88} A.~Klein. \newblock A solid groove feature based programming of parts. \newblock {\em Mechanical Engineering}, March, 1988. \bibitem[Kle89]{Kle89} M.~W. Kleeman. \newblock Feature based parametric solids modeling for improving mechanical engineering design. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, 30 Oct - 2 Nov 1989, 1989. \bibitem[KN89a]{KN89a} R.~R. Karinthi and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Geometric reasoning as a guide to process planning. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., Anaheim, CA, July 1989}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[KN89b]{KN89b} R.~R. Karinthi and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Using a feature algebra for reasoning about geometric feature interactions. \newblock Proc 11th Intl. Joint Convention on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Detroit, MI, 20-25 Aug. 1989, 1989. \bibitem[KN91]{KN91} R.~R. Karinthi and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Geometric reasoning for design and process planning. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[KN92]{KN92} R.~R. Karinthi and D.~S. Nau. \newblock An algebraic approach to feature interactions. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis \& Machine Intelligence}, {\bf 14}, 4, 469 -- 484, 1992. \bibitem[KNY92]{KNY92} R.~R. Karinthi, D.~S. Nau, and Q.~Yang. \newblock Handling feature interactions in process planning. \newblock {\em Applied Artificial Intelligence}, {\bf 6}, 4, 389 -- 415, 1992. \bibitem[KO84]{KO84} Y.~Kakazu and N.~Okino. \newblock Pattern recognition approaches to {GT} code generation on {CSG}. \newblock Proc. 16th CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, Tokyo, 1984. \bibitem[KPY90]{KPY90} W.~Keirouz, J.~Pabon, and R.~Young. \newblock Integrating parametric geometry, features and variational modeling for conceptual design. \newblock In J.~Rinderle, editor, {\em Design Theory and Methodology -- DTM '90}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1990. \newblock (Proc. Conf. in Chicago, IL, 16 -19 Sept 1990; ASME Publication DE-Vol. 27). \bibitem[Kra89]{Kra89} T.~R. Kramer. \newblock A parser that converts a boundary representation into a features representation. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 2}, 3, 154 -- 163, 1989. \newblock (Previously published as Technical Report NISTIR 88-3864, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1988). \bibitem[Kra92a]{Kra92b} T.~R. Kramer. \newblock Issues concerning material removal shape element volumes (mrsevs). \newblock Technical Report NISTIR 4804, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992. \bibitem[Kra92b]{Kra92a} T.~R. Kramer. \newblock A library of material removal shape element volumes (mrsevs). \newblock Technical Report NISTIR 4809, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992. \bibitem[Kro91]{Kro91} E.~Kroll. \newblock Spatial reasoning in assembly planning. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan 1991, 1991. \bibitem[KRU94]{KRU94} F.-L. Krause, E.~Rieger, and A.~Ulbrich. \newblock Feature processing as kernel for integrated {CAE} systems. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[KS86]{KS86} F.~Kimura and H.~Suzuki. \newblock Variational product design by constraint propagation and satisfaction in product modelling. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 35}, 1, 75 -- 78, 1986. \bibitem[KSV91]{KSV91} A.~Kusiak, E.~Szczerbicki, and R.~Vujosevic. \newblock Intelligent design synthesis: an object-oriented approach. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 29}, 7, 1291 -- 1308, 1991. \bibitem[KSW87]{KSW87} F.~Kimura, H.~Suzuki, and L.~Wing{\aa}rd. \newblock A uniform approach to dimensioning and tolerancing in product modelling. \newblock In K.~B{\o}, L.~Estensen, and E.~A. Warman, editors, {\em Computer Applications in Production and Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1987. \newblock (Proc. IFIP '86 Conf.). \bibitem[Kum88]{Kum88} B.~Kumar. \newblock {\em Feature Extraction and Validation within a Flexible Manufacturing Protocol}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1988. \bibitem[Kun84]{Kun84} H.-K. Kung. \newblock {\em An Investigation into the Development of Process Plans from Solid Geometric Modeling Representation}. \newblock PhD thesis, Oklahoma State University, 1984. \bibitem[Kur89]{Kur89} R.~Kurland. \newblock Leading edge {CAD/CAM/CAE} technologies and predictions of their success. \newblock In {\em Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, 30 Oct - 2 Nov 1989}, 1989. \bibitem[Kus90a]{Kus90a} A.~Kusiak. \newblock {\em Intelligent Manufacturing Systems}. \newblock Prentice-Hall, 1990. \bibitem[Kus90b]{Kus90b} A.~Kusiak. \newblock Optimal selection of machinable volumes. \newblock {\em Trans. IIE}, {\bf 22}, 2, 151 -- 160, 1990. \bibitem[Kus91]{Kus91} A.~Kusiak. \newblock Process planning: {A} knowledge-based and optimization perspective. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. Robotics \& Automation}, {\bf 7}, 3, 257 -- 266, 1991. \bibitem[KUV]{KUV90} F.-L. Krause, A.~Ulbrich, and F.~H. Vosgerau. \newblock Feature-based approach for the integration of design and process planning systems. \newblock In ????, editor, {\em ????} North-Holland Publishing Co., ???? \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modelling, Rensselaerville, NY, June 1990). \bibitem[KVY88]{KVY88} F.-L. Krause, F.~H. Vosgerau, and N.~Yaramanoglu. \newblock Implementation of technical rules in a feature-based modeller. \newblock Proc. 2nd Eurographic Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Apr. 1988, 1988. \bibitem[KW91]{KW91} S.~E. Koyluoglu and W.~R. Wilson. \newblock Feature-based analysis of mechanical constraint. \newblock Proc. 19th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., Rolla, MO, May 1991, 1991. \bibitem[KW92a]{KW92b} Y.~S. Kim and D.~J. Wilde. \newblock A convergent convex decomposition of polyhedral objects. \newblock {\em ASME J. Mechanical Design}, {\bf 114}, 468 -- 476, 1992. \bibitem[KW92b]{KW92a} Y.~S. Kim and D.~J. Wilde. \newblock Local cause of non-convergence in a convex decomposition using convex hulls. \newblock {\em ASME J. Mechanical Design}, {\bf 114}, 459 -- 467, 1992. \newblock (Also in Proc. 1989 ASME Design Automation Conf., Montreal, Sept. 1989). \bibitem[Kyp80]{Kyp80} L.~K. Kyprianou. \newblock {\em Shape Classification in Computer Aided Design}. \newblock PhD thesis, Computer Science Laboratory, Cambridge University, 1980. \bibitem[L{\etalchar{+}}90]{L+90b} B.~D. Lawler et~al. \newblock Generative process planning from {PDES}: {RAMP} goes beyond the routing sheet. \newblock In {\em Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, Nov. 1990}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1990. \bibitem[LA85]{LA85} K.~W. Lee and G.~Andrews. \newblock Inference of the positions of components in an assembly: {P}art 2. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 17}, 20 -- 24, 1985. \bibitem[LA86]{LA86} Y.~S. Liu and R.~Allen. \newblock A proposed synthetic interactive process planning system. \newblock In J.~A. McGeough, editor, {\em Computer Aided Production Engineering}. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds, England, 1986. \newblock (Proc. International Conf., Edinburgh, April 1986). \bibitem[Laa93]{Laa93} T.~Laakko. \newblock Incremental feature modelling: {A} methodology for integrating features and solid models. \newblock Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Mathematics and Computer Science Series, No. Ma 63, published by the Finnish Academy of Technology, Helsinki, 1993. \newblock (Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland). \bibitem[LBS88]{LBS88} M.~W. Long, S.~G. Bailey, and W.~R. Shawver. \newblock An expert system for mechanically fastened joint design. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[LC90]{LC90} W.-C. Lin and T.-W. Chen. \newblock Inferring {CSG}-based object representation from range data. \newblock Proc. Canadian Image Processing \& Pattern Recognition Soc./ Vision Interface '90 Conf., Halifax, Nova Scotia, May 1990, 1990. \bibitem[LDS86a]{LDS86a} E.~C. Libardi, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Designing with features: Design and analysis of extrusions as an example. \newblock Paper No. 86-DE-4, ASME Spring National Design Engineering Conf., Chicago, March 1986, 1986. \bibitem[LDS86b]{LDS86b} S.~C. Luby, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Creating and using a features data base. \newblock {\em Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, Nov. 1986, 25 -- 33, 1986. \bibitem[LDS86c]{LDS86c} S.~C. Luby, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Designing with features: Creating and using a features data base for evaluation of manufacturability of castings. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1986 Computers in Engineering Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1986. \bibitem[LDS88]{LDS88} E.~C. Libardi, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Computer environments for the design of mechanical assemblies: A research review. \newblock {\em Engineering with Computers}, {\bf 3}, 121 -- 136, 1988. \bibitem[Len92]{len92} D.~H. Lentz. \newblock Geometric feature recognizer. \newblock Preprint for Intl. Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Sunderland, UK, April 1992, 1992. \bibitem[LF87]{LF87} Y.~C. Lee and K.~S. Fu. \newblock Machine understanding of {CSG}: Extraction and unification of manufacturing features. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, {\bf 7}, 1, 20 -- 32, 1987. \bibitem[LG85]{LG85} K.~W. Lee and D.~C. Gossard. \newblock A hierarchical data structure for representing assemblies: {P}art 1. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 17}, 1, 15 -- 19, 1985. \bibitem[LGM94]{LM94b} M.~Lombard-Gregori and F.~Mayer. \newblock System-based concurrent methodology for discrete part manufacturing engineering. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[LHB94]{LHB94} O.~Legoff, J.-Y. Hasco{\"{e}}t, and F.~Bennis. \newblock {CAD} and robotic welding -- automatic trajectory generation -- features extraction. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[LJ88]{LJ88} Y.~C. Lee and K.-F.J. Jea. \newblock A new {CSG} tree reconstruction algorithm for feature representation. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[LJ93]{LJ93} S.~X. Li and R.~B. Jerard. \newblock Non-isoparametric three-axis {NC} tool-path generation for finish machining of sculptured surfaces. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[LK91]{SLK91} A.~De~Sam Lazaro and D.~A. King. \newblock A hybrid system for automated design of fixtures. \newblock In A.~Bagchi and J.~J. Beaman, editors, {\em Intelligent Design and Manufacturing for Prototyping}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1991), Publication PED-Vol. 50). \bibitem[LL89]{LL89} K.~I. Lee and J.~W. Lee. \newblock Pattern recognition and process planning prismatic workpieces by knowledge-based approach. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 38}, 1, ?? -- ??, 1989. \bibitem[LL91]{LL91} Y.~Luo and G.~Luk\'{a}cs. \newblock A boundary representation of form features and non-manifold solid objects. \newblock In {\em Solid Modeling Foundations and CAD/CAM Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Austin, TX, June 1991). \bibitem[LLM94]{LLM94} K.~Lagus, T.~Laakko, and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock {ICONF} -- an incremental constraint facility in a feature modelling system. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[LM91]{LM91} T.~Laakko and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock A new form feature recognition algorithm. \newblock In G.~Doumeingts, J.~Browne, and M.~Tomljanovich, editors, {\em Computer Applications in Production and Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., CHECK PUBLISHER AND DATE ???1991. \newblock (Proc. CAPE '91 Conf., Bordeaux, France, Sept. 1991). \bibitem[LM92]{LM92} T.~Laakko and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Feature-based modelling of families of machined parts. \newblock In G.~Olling and F.~Kimura, editors, {\em Human Aspects in Computer Integrated Manufacturing}. North-Holland Publishing Co., CHECK PUBLISHER, DATE ????1992. \newblock (Proc. PROLAMAT '92 Conf., Tokyo, Japan). \bibitem[LM93]{LM93} T.~Laakko and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock A feature definition language for bridging solids and features. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[LM94]{LM94a} T.~Laakko and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Incremental feature modelling. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 455 -- 479. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[LMM{\etalchar{+}}90]{L+90a} T.~Laakko, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, R.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, J.~Nieminen, R.~Sulonen, and J.~Tuomi. \newblock Feature models for design and manufacturing. \newblock In {\em Proc. 23rd Annual Hawaii Int. Conf. on Systems Sciences, Kailua-Kona, HI, Jan. 1990}. IEEE Computer Society, 1990. \bibitem[LN91]{LN91} H.-C. Liu and B.~O. Nnaji. \newblock Design with spatial relationships. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 10}, 6, 449 -463, 1991. \bibitem[LP81]{LP81} H.~R. Lewis and C.~H. Papadimitriou. \newblock {\em Elements of the Theory of Computation}. \newblock Prentice-Hall, 1981. \bibitem[LP89]{LP89} Y.~Liu and R.~J. Popplestone. \newblock Planning for assembly from solid models. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Scottsdale, AZ, 14 -- 19 May 1989, 1989. \bibitem[LS84]{LS84} C.~R. Liu and R.~Srinivasan. \newblock Generative process planning using syntactic pattern recognition. \newblock {\em ASME Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, March 1984, 63 -- 66, 1984. \bibitem[LS88]{LS88} M.~Liou and P.~Sheu. \newblock Automatic process pre-planning in manufacturing environments. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Philadelphia, PA, 24 -- 29 Apl 1988, 1988. \bibitem[LS93]{LS93} D.~H. Lentz and R.~Sowerby. \newblock Feature extraction of concave and convex regions and their intersections. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 25}, 7, 421 -- 437, 1993. \bibitem[LT88]{LT88} S.~C.~Y. Lu and J.~B. Thompson. \newblock A distributed artificial intelligence approach to integrated engineering design. \newblock Preprint, 1988. \bibitem[LTS91]{LTS91} R.~K. Li, B.~W. Taur, and H.~J. Shyur. \newblock A two-stage feature-based design system. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 29}, 1, ?? -- ??, 1991. \bibitem[LW87]{LW87} K.~Lai and W.~R.~D. Wilson. \newblock {FDL}: {L}anguage for function description and rationalization in mechanical design. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1987 Computers in Engineering Conf, New York, NY}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1987. \bibitem[LWH89]{LWH89} T.~Lawlor-Wright and R.~G. Hannam. \newblock A feature-based design for manufacture {CADCAM} package. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 6}, 6, 215 -- 220, 1989. \bibitem[LY90]{LY90} R.~K. Li and M.~H. Yu. \newblock A framework for prismatic part data generation and machine loop concept. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 3}, 2, ?? -- ??, 1990. \bibitem[M{\etalchar{+}}90]{M+90} M.~Marefat et~al. \newblock {IDP}: Automating the {CAD/CAM} link by reasoning about shape. \newblock Proc. 6th IEEE Conf. on Artificial Intelligence Applications, Santa Barbara, CA, Mar. 1990, 1990. \bibitem[Mag88]{Mag88} S.~P. Magleby. \newblock {\em Design by Functional Feature for Aircraft Structure}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988. \bibitem[Mah91]{Mah91} P.~V. Mahajan. \newblock Estimation of relative die cost for stamped parts. \newblock M.S. project report, Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 1991. \bibitem[M{\"{a}}n88]{Man88} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Feature-based product modelling for process planning. \newblock In {\em Proc. 2nd Toyota Conf., Aichi, Japan}. Elsevier, New York, 1988. \bibitem[M{\"{a}}n89]{Man89} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Directions for research in product modelling. \newblock In F.~Kimura and A.~Rolstad{\aa}s, editors, {\em Computer Applications in Production Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1989. \bibitem[M{\"{a}}n90]{Man90} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock A modeling system for top-down design of assembled products. \newblock {\em IBM J. Research \& Development}, {\bf 34}, 5, 636 -- 659, 1990. \bibitem[Mar93]{Mar93} M.~Marefat. \newblock Feature-based computer integrated inspection. \newblock In {\em Computers in Engineering --- 1993}, pages 145 -- 152. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1993. \bibitem[MB89]{MB89} K.~S. Mortenson and B.~K. Belnap. \newblock A rule-based approach employing feature recognition for engineering graphics characterisation. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, Dec 1989, ??????????, 1989. \bibitem[MBB94]{MBB94} K.~Mawussi, A.~Bernard, and P.~Bourdet. \newblock Feature modelling and machining of forming dies. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[McG89]{McG89} W.~R. McGill. \newblock {\em A Generative Computer Aided Process Planning System}. \newblock PhD thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Newcastle Polytechnic, England, 1989. \bibitem[MD89]{MD89} R.~J. Menassa and W.~R. DeVries. \newblock Locating point synthesis in fixture design. \newblock {\em Ann. {CIRP}}, {\bf 38}, 1, 165 -- 170, 1989. \bibitem[MD90]{MD90} R.~J. Menassa and W.~R. DeVries. \newblock A design synthesis and optimization method for fixtures with compliant elements. \newblock In {\em Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1990. \newblock (Proc. 1990 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA ASME Publication DE Vol 23-1). \bibitem[MDM94]{MDM94} C.~Mascle, E.~Dupinet, and R.~Maranzana. \newblock Feature modelling in assembly planning. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[Mee91]{Mee91} S.~Meeran. \newblock {\em Automated Feature Recognition from 2D CAD Models}. \newblock PhD thesis, School of Industrial \& Manufacturing Science, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England, 1991. \bibitem[Mil88]{Mil88} R.~Miller. \newblock Parametric technologies introduces features-based design. \newblock {\em Managing Automation}, January, pp. 14 -- 15, 1988. \bibitem[Mil89]{Mil89} J.~M. Miller. \newblock Automatic assembly planning with fasteners. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Scottsdale, AZ, 14 -- 19 May 1989, 1989. \bibitem[Min85]{Min85} R.~H. Miner. \newblock A method for the representation and manipulation of geometric features in a solid model. \newblock Master's thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1985. \bibitem[MK90]{MK90} M.~Marefat and R.~L. Kashyap. \newblock Geometric reasoning for recognition of three-dimensional object features. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis \& Machine Intelligence}, {\bf 12}, 10, 949 -- 965, 1990. \bibitem[MK92]{MK92} M.~Marefat and R.~L. Kashyap. \newblock Automatic construction of process plans from solid model representations. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man \& Cybernetics}, {\bf 22}, 5, 1097 -- 1115, 1992. \bibitem[MK94]{MK94} S.~Menon and Y.~S. Kim. \newblock Cylindrical features in form feature recognition using convex decomposition. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[MKP90]{MKP90} S.~Meeran, J.~M. Kay, and J.~Pearce. \newblock Expert systems for automated factory of the future. \newblock In {\em Proc. 22nd ISATA Conf., Florence, Italy, May 1990}. Associazione Tecnica dell'Automobile, Turin, 1990. \bibitem[MM93]{MM93} A.~J. Medland and G.~Mullineux. \newblock A constraint approach to feature based design. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 6}, 1\&2, 34 -- 38, 1993. \bibitem[MMK93]{MMK93} M.~Marefat, S.~Malhotra, and R.~L. Kashyap. \newblock Object-oriented intelligent computer-integrated design, process planning, and inspection. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer}, {\bf 26}, 3 (March 1993), 54 -- 65, 1993. \bibitem[MO88]{MO88} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}} and J.~Opas. \newblock {HUTCAPP} --- a machining operations planner. \newblock In {\em Proc. 2nd Intl. Symposium on Robotics \& Manufacturing Systems (ISRAM), Albuquerque, NM, 16-18 Nov 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[MOK93]{MOK93} F.~Mandorli, H.~Otto, and F.~Kimura. \newblock A reference kernel model for feature-based {CAD} systems supported by conditional attributed rewrite systems. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[MOP87]{MOP87} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, J.~Opas, and J.~Puhakka. \newblock A prototype system for generative process planning of prismatic parts. \newblock In A.~Kusiak, editor, {\em Modern Production Management Systems}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1987. \newblock (Proc. IFIP TC5/WG5.7 Working Conf. on Advances in Production Management Systems, Winnipeg, Canada, Aug 1987). \bibitem[MOP89]{MOP89} M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, J.~Opas, and J.~Puhakka. \newblock Generative process planning of prismatic parts by feature relaxation. \newblock In B.~Ravani, editor, {\em Advances in Design Automation 1989}, pages 49 -- 60. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \newblock (Proc. 15th ASME Design Automation Conf., Montreal, Canada, Sept 1989, pp. 49 -- 60). \bibitem[MP93]{MP93} S.~Meeran and M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Automated feature recognition from {2D} drawings. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 25}, 1, 7 -- 17, 1993. \bibitem[MPK93]{MPK93} S.~Meeran, M.~J. Pratt, and J.~M. Kay. \newblock The use of {PROLOG} in the automatic recognition of manufacturing features from {2D} drawings. \newblock {\em Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence}, {\bf 6}, 5, 409 -- 423, 1993. \bibitem[MPRW93a]{MPRW93a} P.~V. Mahajan, C.~Poli, D.~W. Rosen, and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Design for stamping: {A} feature-based approach. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME National Design Engineering Show \& Conference, Chicago, IL, March 1993}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Also Technical Report 92015, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[MPRW93b]{MPRW93b} P.~V. Mahajan, C.~Poli, D.~W. Rosen, and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Features and algorithms for tooling cost evaluation for stamping. \newblock In {\em Towards World Class Manufacturing '93}. North-Holland Publishing Co., in preparation, 1993. \newblock (Proc. Conf. held in Phoenix, AZ, Sept. 1993. Available as Technical Report 930??, Design \& Manufacturing Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[MR92]{MR92} F.~L. Merat and G.~M. Radack. \newblock Automatic inspection planning within a feature-based {CAD} system. \newblock {\em Robotics \& Computer Integrated Manufacturing}, {\bf 9}, 1, 61 -- 69, 1992. \bibitem[MS84]{MS84} F.~Mill and S.~Spragget. \newblock Artificial intelligence for production planning. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 1}, 7, 210 -- 213, 1984. \bibitem[MS88]{MS88} Y.~Maeda and K.~Shinohara. \newblock Geometric reasoning and organized optimization for automated process planning. \newblock In {\em Proc. AAAI 7th National Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, St. Paul, MN, Aug. 1988}. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1988. \bibitem[MSNK90]{MSNK90} H.~Masuda, K.~Shimada, M.~Numao, and S.~Kawabe. \newblock A mathematical theory and applications of non-manifold geometric modelling. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[MV91]{MV91} F.~Mandorli and I~Vicini. \newblock A form features automatic recognition system. \newblock Preprint for ICAR '91, Pisa, Italy, June 1991. \bibitem[MW89]{MW89} J.~L. Murray and M.~H. Williams. \newblock Knowledge-based systems in process planning and assembly design. \newblock In J.~R. Woodwark, editor, {\em Geometric Reasoning}. Oxford University Press, 1989. \bibitem[MYB91]{MYB91} E.~Molloy, H.~Yang, and J.~Browne. \newblock Design for assembly within concurrent engineering. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 40}, 1, 107 -- 110, 1991. \bibitem[Nat90]{Nat90} V.~Nathan. \newblock Automated {NC}. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Detroit, MI, Nov. 1990, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1990. \bibitem[Nau87]{Nau87} D.S. Nau. \newblock Automated process planning using hierarchical abstraction. \newblock {\em Texas Instruments Technical J.}, Winter 1987, 39 -- 46, 1987. \bibitem[NCA88]{NCA88} B.~O. Nnaji, J.-Y. Chu, and M.~Akrep. \newblock A schema for {CAD}-based robot assembly task planning for {CSG}-modeled objects. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 7}, 2, 131 -- 145, 1988. \bibitem[NDS87]{NDS87} E.~H. Nielsen, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock How shall we represent the geometry of designed objects? \newblock Technical Report 6-87, Mechanical Design Automation Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 1987. \bibitem[NDZ91]{NDZ91} E.~H. Nielsen, J.~R. Dixon, and G.~E. Zinsmeister. \newblock Capturing and using designer intent in a design-with-features system. \newblock In {\em Design Theory and Methodology}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-Vol. 31, pp. 95 -- 102). \bibitem[NG86]{NG86} D.~S. Nau and M.~Gray. \newblock {SIPS}: An application of hierarchical knowledge clustering to process planning. \newblock In {\em Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1986. \newblock (Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, Dec 1986; ASME Publication PED-Vol. 21). \bibitem[Nie90]{Nie90} E.~H. Nielsen. \newblock {\em Designing Mechanical Components with Features}. \newblock PhD thesis, Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 1990. \bibitem[NIK{\etalchar{+}}88]{N+88} D.~S. Nau, N.~Ide, R.~Karinthi, G.~Vanecek, and Q.~Yang. \newblock Solid modeling and geometric reasoning for design and process planning. \newblock Technical Report CS-TR-2056 (UMIACS-TR-88-47), Computer Science Dept., University of Maryland, 1988. \newblock (Also in Proc. AAAI Workshop on Production Planning \& Scheduling, ?? where ??, Aug 1988). \bibitem[NK89]{NK89} D.~S. Nau and R.~Karinthi. \newblock An algebraic approach to feature interactions. \newblock Technical Report CS-TR-2363 (SRC-TR-89-101), Computer Science Dept., University of Maryland, 1989. \bibitem[NK90]{NK90} B.~O. Nnaji and T.-S. Kang. \newblock Interpretation of {CAD} models through neutral geometric knowledge. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design and Manufacture}, {\bf 4}, 1, 15 -- 44, 1990. \bibitem[NKM90]{NKM90} J.~Nieminen, J.~Kanerva, and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Feature-based design of joints. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[NL90]{NL90} B.~O. Nnaji and H.-C. Liu. \newblock Feature reasoning for automatic robot assembly and machining in polyhedral representation. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 28}, 3, 517 -- 540, 1990. \bibitem[Nna88]{Nna88} B.~O. Nnaji. \newblock Machine reasoning and understanding of manufacturing operations. \newblock Proc. 2nd Intl. Symp. on Robotics \& Manufacturing: Research, Education \& Applications, Albuquerque, NM, 16-18 Nov 1988, 1988. \bibitem[NT91]{NT91} J.~Nieminen and J.~Tuomi. \newblock Design with features for manufacturing cost analysis. \newblock In ????????????????????, editor, {\em ????????????????????} North-Holland Publishing Co., 1991. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in Computer-Aided Design, Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1990). \bibitem[NZG92]{NZG92} D.~S. Nau, G.~Zhang, and S.~K. Gupta. \newblock Generation and evaluation of alternative operation sequences. \newblock In A.~R. Thangaraj, A.~Bagchi, M.~Ajanappa, and D.~K. Anand, editors, {\em Quality Assurance through Integration of Manufacturing Processes and Systems}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \newblock (Proc. 1992 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Publication No. PED-Vol. 56, pp. 93 -- 108). \bibitem[OJ94]{OJ94} J.~Ovtcharova and U.~Jasnoch. \newblock An integration of feature-based design and consistency management in {CAD} applications. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[OM88]{OM88} J.~Opas and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Introducing manufacturing knowledge into intelligent {CAD} systems. \newblock Proc IFIP WG5.2 Meeting on Intelligent Design, Cambridge, England, Sept. 1988, 1988. \bibitem[OM94]{OM94} J.~Opas and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Feature-based part programming. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 239 -- 259. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[OPR92]{OPR92} J.~Ovtcharova, G.~Pahl, and J.~Rix. \newblock A proposal for feature classification in feature-based design. \newblock {\em Computers \& Graphics}, {\bf 16}, 2, 187 -- 195, 1992. \bibitem[Ost86]{Ost86} M.~C. Ostrowski. \newblock A method for feature oriented design using constructive solid geometry. \newblock Technical report, Automation Systems Laboratory, General Electric Corporate Research \& Development Center, Schenectady, NY, 1986. \bibitem[Ost87]{Ost87} M.~C. Ostrowski. \newblock A prototype feature modeler using constructive solid geometry. \newblock Technical report, Automation SystemsLaboratory, General Electric Corporate Research \& Development Center, Schenectady, NY, 1987. \bibitem[Ovt90]{Ovt90} J.~Ovtcharova. \newblock Feature-based solid modelling by using a sweeping based approach. \newblock Proc. YUGRAPH 90, 4th Intl. Conf. on Computer Graphics, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 20 -- 22 Jun 1990, 1990. \bibitem[Ovt92]{Ovt92} J.~Ovtcharova. \newblock Feature{F}rame: Feature-based framework in an open {CAD} environment. \newblock Preprint and overheads from IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep -- 1 Oct 1992, 1992. \newblock (Paper not included in Proceedings). \bibitem[P{\etalchar{+}}90]{P+90} P.~Prabhu et~al. \newblock An operations network generator for computer aided process planning. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 9}, 4, 283 -- 291, 1990. \bibitem[PAB78]{PAB78} R.~J. Popplestone, A.~P. Ambler, and I.~M. Bellos. \newblock {RAPT}: A language for describing assemblies. \newblock {\em The Industrial Robot}, ?????, Sept. 1978, 1978. \bibitem[PAB80]{PAB80} R.~J. Popplestone, A.~P. Ambler, and I.~M. Bellos. \newblock An interpreter for a language for describing assemblies. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence}, {\bf 14}, ?????????, 79 -- 107, 1980. \bibitem[Par83]{Par83} A.~Parkinson. \newblock Feature recognition and parts classification in {BUILD}. \newblock Technical Report CAM-112, Cambridge University CAD Group, 1983. \newblock (Obtainable from School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science, Cranfield Institute of Technology, England). \bibitem[Par86]{Par85} A.~Parkinson. \newblock The use of solid models in {BUILD} as a database for {NC} machining. \newblock In ???, editor, {\em Proc. PROLAMAT 85, Paris, June 1985}. ???, 1986? \bibitem[PC89]{PC89} R.~D. Parks and T.~R. Chase. \newblock Representing mechanical parts using feature specifications and positional constraints: {A} contrast with {PDES}. \newblock In {\em Engineering Database Management: Leadership for the '90's}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[PCL90]{PCL90} D.-B. Perng, Z.~Chen, and R.-K. Li. \newblock Automatic {3D} machining feature extraction from {3D} {CSG} solid input. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 22}, 5, 285 -- 295, 1990. \bibitem[{PDD}85]{PDD85} {PDDI}. \newblock Product definition data interface - system test report. \newblock Technical Report STR560130000, Prepared by McDonnell Aircraft for Materials Lab, Wright Patterson Airforce Base, 1985. \bibitem[PDM91]{PDM91} C.~Poli, P.~Dastidar, and P.~V. Mahajan. \newblock Design for stamping: {P}art {I} --- {A}nalysis of part attributes that impact die construction costs for metal stampings. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 Design Theory \& Methodology Conf., Miami, FL, Sept. 1991}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \bibitem[PEF88]{PEF88} C.~Poli, J.~Escudero, and R.~Fernandez. \newblock How part design affects injection-moulding tool cost. \newblock {\em Machine Design}, 24 Nov., 1988. \bibitem[Per88]{Per88} D.-B. Perng. \newblock {\em Automatic {3D} Machining Feature Extraction from {2D} {CAD} Data}. \newblock PhD thesis, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, 1988. \bibitem[Pet92a]{Pet92a} T.~J. Peters. \newblock Combinatorial analysis for feature recognition. \newblock Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Design Theory \& Methodology, Scottsdale, AZ, Sept 1992, 1992. \bibitem[Pet92b]{Pet92b} G.~Petras. \newblock {FREDS}: A feature-based design system for mechanical parts. \newblock Master's thesis, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1992. \newblock (RDRC Technical Report 92033). \bibitem[PF89]{PF89} C.~Poli and L.~Fredette. \newblock Product design for economical die casting --- the influence of part shape on tooling cost. \newblock In {\em Proc. 15th International Die Casting Congress, St. Louis, MO}, Oct. 1989. \bibitem[PFP89]{PFP89} J.~M. Pinilla, S.~Finger, and F.~B. Prinz. \newblock Shape feature description and recognition using an augmented topology graph grammar. \newblock Proc. NSF Engineering Design Research Conf., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, June 1989, 1989. \bibitem[PH92]{PH92} S.~Prabhakar and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Automatic form-feature recognition using neural-network-based techniques on boundary representations of solid models. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 24}, 7, 381 -- 393, 1992. \bibitem[PHP86]{PHP86} S.~G. Pavey, S.~R. Hailstone, and M.~J. Pratt. \newblock An automated interface between {CAD} and process planning. \newblock In J.~A. McGeough, editor, {\em Computer Aided Production Engineering}. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds, England, 1986. \newblock (Proc. International Conf., Edinburgh, April 1986). \bibitem[PK93]{PK93} J.~Y. Park and B.~Khoshnevis. \newblock A real-time computer-aided process planning system as a suuport tool for economic product design. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 12}, 2, 181 -- 193, 1993. \bibitem[PL91a]{PL91b} J.~C. Park and K.~W. Lee. \newblock Computer aided design of a mold cavity with proper rigging system for casting processes: {P}art 2. \newblock {\em ASME J. Engineering for Industry}, {\bf 113}, 1, 67 -- 74, 1991. \bibitem[PL91b]{PL91a} J.~C. Park and K.~W. Lee. \newblock Computer aided design of a pattern and riser for casting processes: {P}art 1. \newblock {\em ASME J. Engineering for Industry}, {\bf 113}, 1, 59 -- 66, 1991. \bibitem[PM88a]{PM88} H.~D. Park and O.~R. Mitchell. \newblock {CAD} based planning and execution of inspection. \newblock Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision \& Pattern Recognition, Ann Arbor, MI, June 1988, 1988. \bibitem[PM88b]{PM88a} R.~M. Patel and A.~J. McLeod. \newblock Engineering feature description in mechanical engineering design. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 5}, 5, 180 -- 183, 1988. \bibitem[PM88c]{PM88b} R.~M. Patel and A.~J. McLeod. \newblock The implementation of a mechanical engineering design interface using engineering features. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 5}, 6, 241 -- 246, 1988. \bibitem[PM90]{PM90} K.~Preiss and O.~Meron. \newblock Variant and generative methods for constructing solid data from {2D} projections. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[PMD92]{PMD92} C.~Poli, P.~V. Mahajan, and P.~Dastidar. \newblock Design for stamping: {P}art {II} --- {Q}uantification of part attributes on the tooling cost for small parts. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1992 Design Theory \& Methodology Conf., Phoenix, AZ,}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, Sept. 1992. \bibitem[PMK91]{PMK91} D.~T. Pham, K.~F. Martin, and L.~P. Khoo. \newblock A knowledge-based preprocessor generator for coordinate measuring machines. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 29}, 4, 677 -- 694, 1991. \bibitem[PP90]{PP90} S.~S. Pande and B.~S. Prabhu. \newblock An expert system for automatic extraction of machining features and tooling selection for automats. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 7}, 4, 99 -- 103, 1990. \bibitem[PPPB86]{PPPB86} S.~G. Pavey, J.~Pinte, M.~J. Pratt, and P.~Bunce. \newblock Feature extraction and process planning. \newblock Technical Report R-86-GM/PP-01, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1986. \bibitem[Pra84]{Pra84} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Solid modeling and the interface between design and manufacture. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, {\bf 4}, 7, 52 -- 59, 1984. \bibitem[Pra86]{Pra86} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Current status of form features research in a solid modelling context. \newblock Internal report, Automation Systems Laboratory, General Electric Corporate Research \& Development Center, Schenectady, NY, 1986. \bibitem[Pra87]{Pra87} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Conceptual design of a feature-oriented solid modeller -- issues of topological representation. \newblock Internal report, Automation Systems Laboratory, General Electric Corporate Research \& Development Center, Schenectady, NY, 1987. \bibitem[Pra88]{pra88} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Synthesis of an optimal approach to form feature modelling. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1988 Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, July/Aug. 1988. \bibitem[Pra90]{Pra90} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock A hybrid feature-based modelling system. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}, pages 177 -- 189. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[Pra91]{Pra91} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Aspects of form feature modelling. \newblock In H.~Hagen and D.~Roller, editors, {\em Geometric Modelling: Methods and Applications}. Springer-Verlag, 1991. \newblock (Proc. Eurographics/GI Workshop, B{\"{o}}blingen, Germany, May 1990). \bibitem[Pra92]{Pra92???} V.~Prabhakar. \newblock {\em {DESIDE-X}: Knowledg-based System for Finite Element Idealizations}. \newblock PhD thesis, Stanford University, ????1992. \bibitem[Pra93a]{Pra93a} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Applications of feature recognition in the product life-cycle. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacture}, {\bf 6}, 1\&2, 13 -- 19, 1993. \bibitem[Pra93b]{Pra93b} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Automated feature recognition and its role in product modelling. \newblock {\em Computing}, {\bf Supplement 8}, 241 -- 250, 1993. \newblock (Published by Springer-Verlag as {\em Geometric Modelling}, editors G. Farin, H. Hagen \& H. Noltemeier, 1993). \bibitem[Pra95]{Pra95} M.~J. Pratt. \newblock Virtual prototypes and product models in mechanical engineering. \newblock Technical Report NISTIR 5650, National Institute of Standards \& Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, May 1995. \newblock (To appear in Proc. IFIP WG5.10 Workshop on Virtual Prototyping, Providence, RI, Sept 1994; Chapman \& Hall, London, in preparation). \bibitem[Pre84]{Pre84} K.~Preiss. \newblock Constructing the solid representation from engineering projections. \newblock {\em Computers \& Graphics}, {\bf 8}, 4, 381 -- 389, 1984. \bibitem[PS91]{PS91} C.~Poli and S.~Shanmugasundaram. \newblock Design for die casting --- a group technology based approach. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 ASME Design Theory \& Methodology Conf., Miami, FL}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, Sept. 1991. \bibitem[PSD90]{PSD90} S.~K. Padhy, R.~Sharan, and S.~N. Dwivedi. \newblock Feature based approach for casting design. \newblock In J.~Rinderle, editor, {\em Design Theory and Methodology -- DTM '90}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1990. \newblock (Proc. Conf. in Chicago, IL, 16 -19 Sept 1990; ASME Publication DE-Vol. 27). \bibitem[PW85]{PW85} M.~J. Pratt and P.~R. Wilson. \newblock Requirements for the support of form features in a solid modelling system. \newblock Technical Report R-85-ASPP-01, Computer Aided Manufacturing International, Inc., Arlington, TX, 1985. \bibitem[PW89]{PW89} R.~J. Popplestone and R.~Weiss. \newblock Exploiting feature symmetries in deciding how to make bodies. \newblock Proc. 13th SME Robots Conf., Gaithersburg, MD, 7 -- 11 May 1989, 1989. \bibitem[PW90]{PW90} S.~S. Pande and M.~G. Walvekar. \newblock {PRICAPP}: A computer assisted process planning system for prismatic components. \newblock {\em Int. J. Production Research}, {\bf 28}, 2, 279 -- 292, 1990. \bibitem[PW91]{PW91} P.~Prabhu and H.~P. Wang. \newblock Algorithms for computer-aided generative process planning. \newblock {\em Int. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, {\bf 6}, 1, 3 -- 15, 1991. \bibitem[PYK92]{PYK92} J.~Pabon, R.~Young, and W.~Keirouz. \newblock Integrating parametric geometry, features and variational modelling for conceptual design. \newblock {\em Int. J. Systems Automation: Research \& Applications}, {\bf 2}, 1, 17 -- 36, 1992. \bibitem[RBL89]{RBL89} U.~Roy, P.~Banerjee, and C.~R. Liu. \newblock Design of an automated assembly environment. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 21}, 9, 561 -- 569, 1989. \bibitem[RBN88]{RBN88} J.~Rossignac, P.~Borrel, and L.~Nackman. \newblock Interactive design with sequences of parameterized transformations. \newblock Technical Report RC13740, Design Automation Group, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 1988. \bibitem[RC85]{RC85} A.~A.~G. Requicha and S.~Chan. \newblock Representation of geometric features, tolerances and attributes in solid modelers based on {CSG}. \newblock Technical Report TM 48, Production Automation Project, University of Rochester, N.Y., also published in IEEE J. Robotics \& Automation {\bf RA-2}, 3, 156 -- 166, 1985. \newblock (Also published in IEEE J. Robotics \& Automation {\bf 2}, 3, 156 -- 166, 1986). \bibitem[RC94]{RC94} A.~Rharmaoui and A.~Crosnier. \newblock Definition of an integrator principle dedicated to the design activity. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[RCNT94]{RCNT94} D.~Rieu, D.~Constant, G.~T. Nguyen, and M.~Tollenaere. \newblock Conception int\'{e}gr\'{e}e des liaisons m\'{e}chaniques. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[RD92]{RD92} D.~W. Rosen and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Languages for feature-based design and manufacturability evaluation. \newblock {\em Int. J. Systems Automation: Research and Applications}, {\bf 2}, 4, 353 -- 373, 1992. \bibitem[RDD91]{RDD91} D.~W. Rosen, J.~R. Dixon, and X.~Dong. \newblock A methodology for conversions of feature-based representations. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Design Theory \& Methodology Conf., Miami, FL, Sept. 1991}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Also Technical Report 91029, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[RDPD92]{RDPD92} D.~W. Rosen, J.~R. Dixon, C.~Poli, and X.~Dong. \newblock Features and algorithms for tooling cost evaluation in injection molding and die casting. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1992 Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, CA}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[Req83]{Req83a} A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Towards a theory of geometric tolerancing. \newblock {\em Int. J. Robotics research}, {\bf 2}, 4, 45 -- 60, 1983. \bibitem[Req84]{Req84} A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Representation of tolerances in solid modeling: Issues and alternative approaches. \newblock In M.~S. Pickett and J.~W. Boyse, editors, {\em Solid Modeling by Computers: From Theory to Applications}. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1984. \newblock (Proc. General Motors Solid Modeling Symposium, Warren, MI, Sept 1983). \bibitem[Req93]{Req93} A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Mathematical definition of tolerance specifications. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 269 -- 274, 1993. \bibitem[RF88]{RF88} P.~Ranyak and R.~Fridshal. \newblock Features for tolerancing a solid model. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}, 1988. \bibitem[RFD92]{RFD92} D.~W. Rosen, S.~Finger, and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Conversions of feature-based representations via graph grammar parsing. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Design Theory \& Methodology Conf., *** WHERE ***, Sept. 1992}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[RFM93]{RFM93} L.~Rivest, C.~Fortin, and C.~Morel. \newblock Tolerancing a solid model with a kinematic formulation. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[RGN94a]{RGN94b} W.~C. Regli, S.~K. Gupta, and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Extracting alternative machining features: An algorithmic approach. \newblock Technical Report ISR-TR94-55, CS-TR-3329, UMIACS-TR-94-95, The University of Maryland, 1994. \bibitem[RGN94b]{RGN94a} W.~C. Regli, S.~K. Gupta, and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Feature recognition for manufacturability analysis. \newblock Technical Report 94-10, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, 1994. \bibitem[RGN94c]{RGN94c} W.~C. Regli, S.~K. Gupta, and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Feature recognition for manufacturability analysis. \newblock In K.~Ishii, editor, {\em Proc. 1994 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference}, pages 93--104. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, September 1994. \bibitem[RHCE89]{RHCE89} A.~Razdan, M.~R. Henderson, P.~F. Chavez, and P.~A. Erickson. \newblock Feature-based object decomposition for finite element meshing. \newblock {\em The Visual Computer}, {\bf 5}, 291 -- 303, 1989. \bibitem[RIK89]{RIK89} M.~Ranta, M.~Inui, and F.~Kimura. \newblock A process planning system for procucibility feedback to designers. \newblock In F.~Kimura and A.~Rolstad{\aa}s, editors, {\em Proc. 3rd IFIP Conf on Computer Applications in Production \& Engineering (CAPE), Tokyo, Japan}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1989. \bibitem[RIKM93]{RIKM93} M.~Ranta, M.~Inui, F.~Kimura, and M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}. \newblock Cut and paste based modeling with boundary features. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[RK89]{RK89} L.~M. Rosario and W.~A. Knight. \newblock Design for assembly analysis: {E}xtraction of geometric features from a {CAD} system data base. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 38}, 1, 13 -- 16, 1989. \bibitem[RK91]{RK91} L.~M. Rosario and W.~A. Knight. \newblock Data base implementation to extract geometric features from {CAD} system's part data. \newblock Proc. 19th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., Rolla, MO, May 1991, 1991. \bibitem[RL87]{RL87} D.~N. Rocheleau and K.~W. Lee. \newblock System for interactive assembly modelling. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 19}, 2, 65 -- 71, 1987. \bibitem[RL88a]{RL88b} U.~Roy and C.~R. Liu. \newblock Establishment of functional relationships between components in an assembly database. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 20}, 10, 570 -- 580, 1988. \bibitem[RL88b]{RL88a} U.~Roy and C.~R. Liu. \newblock Feature based representational scheme of a solid modeler for providing dimensioning and tolerancing information. \newblock {\em Robotics \& Computer Integrated Manufacturing}, {\bf 4}, 3\&4, 335 -- 345, 1988. \bibitem[RLTK94]{RLTK94} L.~R\'{e}mondini, J.~C. L\'{e}on, P.~Trompette, and M.~Kutniak. \newblock L'approche par entit\'{e}s dans la mod\'{e}lisation des structures m\'{e}caniques. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[RLW91]{RLW91} U.~Roy, C.~R. Liu, and T.~C. Woo. \newblock Review of dimensioning and tolerancing representation and processing. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 7, 466 -- 483, 1991. \bibitem[RN93]{RN93} W.~C. Regli and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Building a general approach to feature recognition of material removal shape element volumes ({MRSEVs}). \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[RN94]{RN94} W.~C. Regli and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Recognition of volumetric features from {CAD} models: Problem formalization and algorithms. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, Submitted for publication, 1994. \newblock (Also Technical Report TR 93-41, University of Maryland, Institute for Systems Research, College Park, MD, 1993). \bibitem[Rob91]{Rob91} A.~F. Roberts. \newblock Solid modeling: Trends and new directions. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Chicago, IL, 10 -- 14 Nov 1991, 1991. \bibitem[Rol89]{Rol89} D.~Roller. \newblock Design by features: An approach to high-level shape manipulation. \newblock {\em Computers in Industry}, {\bf 12}, 185 -- 191, 1989. \bibitem[Ros90]{Ros90} J.~Rossignac. \newblock Issues on feature-based editing and interrogation of solid models. \newblock {\em Computers \& Graphics}, {\bf 14}, 2, 149 -- 172, 1990. \bibitem[Ros91a]{Ros91a} L.~M. Rosario. \newblock A representation scheme for mechanical assemblies that supports the early design stages. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[Ros91b]{Ros91b} D.~W. Rosen. \newblock A graph grammar for thin-walled mechanical components. \newblock Technical Report UM6, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 1991. \bibitem[Ros92]{Ros92} D.~W. Rosen. \newblock {\em A Feature-Based Representation to Support the Design Process and the Manufacturability Evaluation of Mechanical Components}. \newblock PhD thesis, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 1992. \bibitem[RV88]{RV88} A.~A.~G. Requicha and J.~H. Vandenbrande. \newblock Automated systems for process planning and part planning. \newblock In A.~Kusiak, editor, {\em Artificial Intelligence: Implications for {CIM}}. Springer-Verlag, 1988. \bibitem[RV89]{RV89} A.~A.~G. Requicha and J.~H. Vandenbrande. \newblock Form features for mechanical design and manufacturing. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 Computers in Engineering Conf., Anaheim, CA}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[S{\etalchar{+}}90]{S+90c} T.~Smithers et~al. \newblock Design as intelligent behaviour: An {AI} in design research programme. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence in Engineering}, {\bf 5}, 2, 78 -- 109, 1990. \bibitem[S{\etalchar{+}}91a]{S+91a} T.~Sthanusubramonian et~al. \newblock Transformation from functional specifications to physical form. \newblock Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[S{\etalchar{+}}91b]{S+91b} C.~J. Su et~al. \newblock Generalised {CSG}: a solid modeling basis for high productivity {CAD} systems. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Chicago, IL, 10 -- 14 Nov 1991, 1991. \bibitem[SB88]{SB88} J.~J. Shah and A.~Bhatnagar. \newblock Automatic group technology classification from feature models. \newblock Proc. 16th SME National Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing \& Robotics, Urbana, IL, 24 -- 27 May 1988, 1988. \bibitem[SB89]{SB89} J.~J. Shah and A.~S. Bhatnagar. \newblock Group technology classification from feature-based geometric models. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 2}, 3, 204 -- 213, 1989. \bibitem[SBC93]{SBG93} K.~Shimada, B.~Balents, and Gossard.~D. C. \newblock Automatic mesh reconstruction for feature-based sculpting of deformable surfaces. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[SBH88]{SBH88} J.~J. Shah, A.~Bhatnagar, and D.~Hsiao. \newblock Feature mapping and application shell. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1988 Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[SBRU94]{SBRU94} J.~J. Shah, G.~Balakrishnan, M.~T. Rogers, and S.~D. Urban. \newblock Comparative study of procedural and declarative feature based geometric modeling. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[SC91]{SC91} R.~L. Sakal and J.~G. Chow. \newblock Design and development of an integrated {CAD/CAPP/CAM} machining system for prismatic parts. \newblock Proc. 19th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., Rolla, MO, May 1991, 1991. \bibitem[SC92]{SC92} A.~Srikantappa and R.~H. Crawford. \newblock Intermediate geometric and inter-feature relationships for automatic {GT} part coding. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1992 ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992. \bibitem[SC93]{SC93} H.~Sakurai and C.-W. Chin. \newblock Form feature recognition by spatial decomposition and composition. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}, pages 189 -- 203. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[SC94a]{SC94a} H.~Sakurai and C.-W. Chin. \newblock Definition and recognition of volume features for process planning. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 65 -- 80. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[SC94b]{SC94b} A.~B. Srikantappa and R.~H. Crawford. \newblock Automatic part coding based on interfeature relationships. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 215 -- 237. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[SD92]{SD92} N.~Singh and Q.~Dengzhou. \newblock A structural framework for part feature recognitiotn: A link between computer aided design and process planning. \newblock {\em Integrated Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 3}, 1, 4 -- 12, 1992. \newblock (CHECK THIS REFERENCE! JOURNAL NAME?). \bibitem[SdMZ90]{SHdMZ90} A.~C. Sanderson, L.~Homem de~Mello, and H.~Zhang. \newblock Assembly sequencing planning. \newblock {\em AI Magazine}, {\bf 11}, 1, 62 -- 81, 1990. \bibitem[SF90]{SF90} R.~Srinivasan and P.~Ferreira. \newblock Geometric models of machining processes for computer aided process planning. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[SG88]{SG88} H.~Sakurai and D.~C. Gossard. \newblock Shape feature recognition from {3D} solid models. \newblock Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988; American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. \bibitem[SG90]{SG90b} H.~Sakurai and D.~C. Gossard. \newblock Recognizing shape features in solid models. \newblock {\em IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, {\bf 9}, (Sept 1990 ????), 22 -- 32, 1990. \bibitem[SG91]{SG90a} H.~Sakurai and D.~C. Gossard. \newblock Geometric modeling in setup planning and fixture design. \newblock In {\em ?????} North-Holland Publishing Co., 1991. \newblock (IFIP Workshop on Geometric Modeling in Computer-Aided Design, Rensselaerville, Sept. 1990 DID A PAPER APPEAR???). \bibitem[SHA83]{SHA83} S.~M. Staley, M.~R. Henderson, and D.~C. Anderson. \newblock Using syntactic pattern recognition to extract feature information from a solid geometric data base. \newblock {\em Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, Sept. 1983, 61-66, 1983. \bibitem[Sha86]{Sha86} J.~J. Shah. \newblock A scheme for {CAD/CAPP} integration through group technology. \newblock Internal Report, Automation Systems Laboratory, General Electric Corporate Research \& Development Center, Schenectady, NY, 1986. \bibitem[Sha88a]{Sha88a} J.~J. Shah. \newblock Feature transformations between application-specific feature spaces. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 5}, 6, 247 -- 255, 1988. \bibitem[Sha88b]{Sha88b} J.~J. Shah. \newblock Synthesis of initial form for structural shape optimization. \newblock {\em Trans. ASME}, {\bf 110}, 564 -- 570, 1988. \bibitem[Sha88c]{Sha88c} A.~Sharma. \newblock An improved mechanical engineering design interface for a solid geometric modeller. \newblock MPhil thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Newcastle Polytechnic, England, 1988. \bibitem[Sha90]{Sha90} H.~Shariat. \newblock A model-based technique for recognizing objects in images. \newblock Proc. SME Vision 90 Conf., Detroit, MI, Nov. 1990, 1990. \bibitem[Sha91a]{Sha91a} J.~J. Shah. \newblock Assessment of features technology. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 5, 331 -- 343, 1991. \bibitem[Sha91b]{Sha91b} J.~J. Shah. \newblock Conceptual development of form features and feature modelers. \newblock {\em Research in Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 93 -- 108, 1991. \bibitem[SHdM90]{SHdM90} A.~C. Sanderson and L.~S. Homem~de Mello. \newblock Automatic generation of automatic assembly sequences. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, and K.~Preiss, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2/NSF Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, Sept. 1988). \bibitem[She88]{She88} M.~S. Shepherd. \newblock Geometric modeling needs of finite element modeling. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, H.~W. McLaughlin, and J.~Encarna\c{c}ao, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for CAD Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, May 1986). \bibitem[She90]{S+90b} M.~S. Shepherd. \newblock A modelling framework for controlling structural idealizations in engineering design. \newblock {\em Computers \& Structures}, {\bf 37}, 2, 181 -- 191, 1990. \bibitem[SHH{\etalchar{+}}90]{S+90} D.~L. Spooner, M.~Hardwick, E.~Hvannberg, B.~Downie, A.~Faulstich-Brady, D.~Loffredo, A.~Mehta, and D.~B. Sanderson. \newblock The evolution of {ROSE}: {A}n engineering object-oriented database system. \newblock In {\em Proc. 2nd Conf. on CIM, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY}, May 1990. \bibitem[SHL93]{SHL93} J.~J. Shah, D.~Hsiao, and J.~Leonard. \newblock A systematic approach for design-manufacturing feature mapping. \newblock In P.~R. Wilson, M.~J. Wozny, and M.~J. Pratt, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for Product Realization}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1993. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modeling in CAD, Rensselaerville, NY, 27 Sep - 1 Oct 1992). \bibitem[SHR90]{SHR90} J.~J. Shah, D.~Hsiao, and R.~Robinson. \newblock A framework for manufacturability evaluation in a feature-based {CAD} system. \newblock In {\em Proc. NSF Design \& Manufacturabilty Research Conf., Tempe, AZ}, 1990. \bibitem[SJ89]{SJ89} V.~Srinivasan and R.~Jayaraman. \newblock Geometric tolerancing {II}: {C}onditional tolerances. \newblock {\em IBM J. Research \& Development}, {\bf 33}, 2, 105 -- 124, 1989. \bibitem[SKH{\etalchar{+}}84]{SKH+84} T.~Sata, F.~Kimura, H.~Hiraoka, H.~Suzuki, S.~Shimura, Y.~Taguchi, M.~Miki, and M.~Inui. \newblock Manufacturing preparation by use of product model in computer. \newblock {\em Robotics \& Computer Integrated Manufacturing}, {\bf 1}, 3/4, 261 -- 270, 1984. \bibitem[SL87]{SL87} R.~Srinivasan and C.~R. Liu. \newblock On some important geometric issues in generative process planning. \newblock Proc. ASME Winter Ann. Meeting, Boston, MA, Dec 1987, 1987. \bibitem[SL91]{SL91} S.~Subramaniam and S.~C. Lu. \newblock The impact of an {AI}-based design environment for simultaneous engineering on process planning. \newblock {\em Int. J. Computers in Manufacturing}, {\bf 4}, 2, 71 -- 82, 1991. \bibitem[SLF85]{SLF85} R.~Srinivasan, C.~R. Liu, and K.~S. Fu. \newblock Extraction of manufacturing details from geometric models. \newblock {\em Computers \& Industrial Engineering}, {\bf 9}, 2, 125 -- 134, 1985. \bibitem[SLT94]{SLT94} O.~S\'{e}n\'{e}chal, T.~Lenclud, and C.~Tahon. \newblock Production costs evaluation -- integration and simulation for production costing in a value analysis process. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[SM89]{SM89} J.~J. Shah and D.~W. Miller. \newblock A structure for integrating geometric tolerances with form features and geometric models. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1989 Computers in Engineering Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1989. \bibitem[SM90]{SM90} J.~J. Shah and D.~W. Miller. \newblock A structure for supporting geometric tolerances in product definition systems for {CIM}. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 1}, 1, 23 -- 31, 1990. \bibitem[SM91]{SM91} J.~J. Shah and A.~Mathew. \newblock Experimental investigation of the {STEP} form-feature information model. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 4, 282 -- 296, 1991. \bibitem[SMN94a]{SMN94a} J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors. \newblock {\em Advances in Feature-based Manufacturing}. \newblock Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[SMN94b]{SMN94} J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau. \newblock Introduction to feature-based manufacturing. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 1 -- 11. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[SNMK89]{SNMK89} K.~Shimada, M.~Numao, H.~Masuda, and S.~Kawabe. \newblock Constraint-based object description for product modeling. \newblock In F.~Kimura and A.~Rolstad{\aa}s, editors, {\em Computer Applications in Production and Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1989. \newblock (Proc CAPE '89, 3rd Intl. IFIP Conf. on Computer Applications in Production \& Engineering, Tokyo, Oct 1989). \bibitem[SR88a]{SR88a} J.~J. Shah and M.~T. Rogers. \newblock Expert form feature modelling shell. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 20}, 9, 515 -- 524, 1988. \bibitem[SR88b]{SR88b} J.~J. Shah and M.~T. Rogers. \newblock Feature-based modeling shell: Design and implementation. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1988 Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[SR88c]{SR88c} J.~J. Shah and M.~T. Rogers. \newblock Functional requirements and conceptual design of the feature-based modelling system. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 5}, 1, 9 -- 15, 1988. \bibitem[SR88d]{SR88d} J.~J. Shah and M.~T. Rogers. \newblock Geometric modeling for automated manufacturing. \newblock Proc. 16th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf. (NAMRC), Urbana, IL, 24-27 May 1988, 1988. \bibitem[SR93]{SR93} A.~J. Spyridi and A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Automatic planning for dimensional inspection. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 314 -- 319, 1993. \bibitem[SR94]{SR94} J.~J. Shah and M.~T. Rogers. \newblock A testbed for rapid prototyping of feature-based applications. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 423 -- 453. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[Sre90]{Sre90} P.~C. Sreevalsan. \newblock An investigation into the unification of form feature definition methods. \newblock Master's thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 1990. \bibitem[Sri93]{Sri93} V.~Srinivasan. \newblock The role of sweeps in tolerancing semantics. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 275 -- 281, 1993. \bibitem[SRS90]{SRS90} P.~Sreevalsan, M.~T. Rogers, and J.~J. Shah. \newblock Object oriented tools for feature database design. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX}, 1990. \bibitem[SRS{\etalchar{+}}91]{S+91} J.~J. Shah, M.~T. Rogers, P.~C. Sreevalsan, D.~Hsiao, A.~Mathew, A.~Bhatnagar, B.~Liou, and D.~W. Miller. \newblock The {ASU} {F}eatures {T}estbed: {A}n overview. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 Computers in Engineering Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \bibitem[SS89]{SS89} M.~E. Ssemakula and A.~Satsangi. \newblock Application of {PDES} to {CAD/CAPP} integration. \newblock {\em Computers \& Industrial Engineering}, {\bf 17}, 1 -- 4, 227 -- 233, 1989. \newblock (Proc. 11th Conf. on Computers \& Industrial Engineering, Orlando, FL, when???). \bibitem[SS91]{SS91} P.~C. Sreevalsan and J.~J. Shah. \newblock Unification of form feature definition methods. \newblock Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, Columbus, OH, Sept. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[SS94]{SS94} H.~Schultz and K.~Sch{\"{u}}tzer. \newblock {FINDES} -- integrating design and manufacturing. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[SSM91]{SSM91} J.~J. Shah, P.~Sreevalsan, and A.~Mathew. \newblock Survey of {CAD}/feature-based process planning and {NC} programming techniques. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 8}, 1, 25 -- 33, 1991. \bibitem[SSS94]{SSS94} J.~J. Shah, Y.~Shen, and A.~Shirur. \newblock Determination of machining volumes from extensible sets of design features. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 129 -- 157. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[ST89]{ST89} S.~Srikanth and J.~U. Turner. \newblock Towards a unified representation of mechanical assemblies. \newblock Technical Report 89034, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1989. \bibitem[ST91]{ST91} R.~Sodhi and J.~U. Turner. \newblock Representing tolerance and assembly information in a feature-based design environment. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. 1991 Design Automation Conf., Miami, FL; ASME Publication DE-Vol. 32-1, pp. 101 -- 106. Also Technical Report 91005, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[Sti75]{Sti75} G.~Stiny. \newblock {\em Pictorial and Formal Aspects of Shape and Shape Grammars}. \newblock Birkhauser Verlag, 1975. \bibitem[Str92]{Str92} I.~A. Stroud. \newblock Definition of solid modelling operations using a uniform set of elementary procedures. \newblock Technical Report GML 1992/3, Geometric Modelling Laboratory, Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1992. \newblock (Dissertaion for degree of Candidate of Technical Science). \bibitem[Str93]{Str93} I.~A. Stroud. \newblock Modelling techniques for handling non-geometric information. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[STZHdM89]{STZM89} A.~C. Sanderson, J.~U. Turner, H.~Zhang, and L.~S. Homem~de Mello. \newblock Pleiades assembly sequence planning system. \newblock Technical Report 89060, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1989. \bibitem[SU93]{ST93} R.~Sodhi and Turner~J. U. \newblock Relative positioning of variational part models for design analysis. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 25}, [GET DETAILS], 1993. \newblock (Also published as Technical Report No. 92005, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, Aug. 1992). \bibitem[SULB89]{SUL+89} K.~G. Swift, M.~E. Uddin, M.~G. Limage, and M.~S. Bielby. \newblock Production oriented design: A knowledge-based approach. \newblock {\em Advanced Manufacturing Engineering}, {\bf 1}, 2, 67 -- 73, 1989. \bibitem[SVC{\etalchar{+}}94]{SVC+94} A.~Saucier, C.~Vargas, P.~Court, P.~Albert, and P.~A. Yvars. \newblock Compared application of two knowledge modelisation methodologies on a car engine cylinder head design problem. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[SvHKTE]{SHK93} O.~W. Salomons, F.~J. A.~M. van Houten, and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock Review of research in feature-based design. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing Systems}, {\bf 12}, 2, 113 -- 132, 1993 [CHECK THE DATE!]. \bibitem[SvSJ{\etalchar{+}}94]{SvSJ+94} O.~W. Salomons, F.~van Slooten, H.~G. Jonker, F.~J. A.~M. van Houten, and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock Interactive feature definition. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[SW93]{SW93} D.~A. Schenck and P.~R. Wilson. \newblock {\em Information Modeling: The {EXPRESS} Way}. \newblock Oxford University Press, 1993. \bibitem[Swi87]{Swi87} K.~G. Swift. \newblock {\em Knowledge-based Design for Manufacture}. \newblock Kogan Page, 1987. \bibitem[TA88]{TA88} G.~P. Turner and D.~C. Anderson. \newblock An object-oriented approach to interactive feature-based design for quick turnaround manufacturing. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[TAB94]{TAB94} H.~K. T{\"{o}}nshoff, J.~C. Aurich, and T.~Baum. \newblock Configurable feature-based {CAD/CAPP} system. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[TBT94]{TBT94} M.~Tollenaere, P.~Belloy, and S.~Tichkiewitch. \newblock A part description model for the preliminary design. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[TC89]{TC89} J.~M. Tenenbaum and M.~R. Cutkosky. \newblock First-cut: a computational framework for rapid prototyping and team design. \newblock Proc. AAAI Spring Symp. on AI in Manufacturing, *** where? ***, Mar 1989, 1989. \bibitem[TG93]{TG93} J.~U. Turner and J.~Guilford. \newblock Research in automated tolerancing at {RPI} --- 1993. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1993 NSF Design \& Manufacturing Systems Conf., Vol 1, 709 -- 714}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1993. \newblock (Conf held in Charlotte, NC, Jan. 1993. Also Technical Report 92026, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[TH90]{TH90} R.~K. Tapadia and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Using a feature-based model for automatic determination of assembly handling codes. \newblock {\em Computers \& Graphics}, {\bf 14}, 2, ??? -- ???, 1990. \bibitem[TH94]{TH94} L.~E. Taylor and M.~R. Henderson. \newblock Validating a feature-based meta-model for mechanical products: A case study. \newblock In {\em IFIP Valenciennes 1994}. University of Valenciennes, 1994. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.3 Conf. on Feature Modeling and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems, 24 -- 26 May 1994, Valenciennes, France). \bibitem[TK94]{TK94} S.~N. Trika and R.~L. Kashyap. \newblock Geometric reasoning for extraction of manufacturing features in iso-oriented polyhedrons. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis \& Machine Intelligence}, {\bf 16}, 11, 1087 -- 1100, 1994. \bibitem[TOOW91]{TOOW91} P.~Treacy, J.~B. Ochs, T.~M. Ozsoy, and N.~Wang. \newblock Automated tolerance analysis for mechanical assemblies modelled with geometric features and relational data structure. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 6, 444 -- 453, 1991. \bibitem[Tru88]{Tru88} K.~C.~E. Truslove. \newblock The implications of tolerancing for computer-aided mechanical design. \newblock {\em Computer-Aided Engineering Journal}, {\bf 5}, 2, 79 -- 85, 1988. \bibitem[TU88]{TU88} J.~Tikerpuu and D.~G. Ullman. \newblock General feature based frame representation for describing mechanical engineering design developed from empirical data. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[Tur85]{Tur85} J.~U Turner. \newblock {\em A Vector Space Approach to the Mathematical Representation of Tolerances on Mechanical Parts}. \newblock PhD thesis, Center for Interactive Computer Graphics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1985. \newblock (Published as Technical Report TR 85032). \bibitem[Tur88]{Tur88} J.~U. Turner. \newblock New methods for tolerance analysdis in solid modeling. \newblock Unknown IEEE jornal or conference, 1988. \bibitem[Tur90]{Tur90} J.~U. Turner. \newblock Relative positioning of parts in assemblies using mathematical programming. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 22}, 7, 394 -- 400, 1990. \bibitem[Tur91a]{Tur91b} J.~U. Turner. \newblock {GEOS} design overview. \newblock Technical Report 91032, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1991. \bibitem[Tur91b]{Tur91a} J.~U. Turner. \newblock {GEOS} overview. \newblock Technical Report 91031, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1991. \bibitem[TW87]{TW85} J.~U. Turner and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock Tolerances in computer aided geometric design. \newblock {\em The Visual Computer}, {\bf 3}, 214 -- 216, 1987. \bibitem[TW88]{TW88} J.~U. Turner and M.~J. Wozny. \newblock A mathematical theory of tolerances. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, H.~W. McLaughlin, and J.~Encarna\c{c}ao, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for CAD Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, May 1986). \bibitem[TW91a]{TW91a} K.~Tang and T.~C. Woo. \newblock Algorithmic aspects of alternating sum of volumes, {P}art 1: Data structure and difference operation. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 5, 357 -- 368, 1991. \bibitem[TW91b]{TW91b} K.~Tang and T.~C. Woo. \newblock Algorithmic aspects of alternating sum of volumes, {P}art 2: Non-convergence and its remedy. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 23}, 6, ??? -- ???, 1991. \bibitem[U{\etalchar{+}}91]{U+91} R.~Uzsoy et~al. \newblock An experimental expert system for process planning of sheet metal parts. \newblock {\em Computers \& Industrial Engineering}, {\bf 20}, 1, 59 -- 69, 1991. \bibitem[UA92]{UA92} V.~Unruh and D.~C. Anderson. \newblock Feature-based modeling for automatic mesh generation. \newblock {\em Engineering with Computers}, {\bf 8}, 1, 1 -- 12, 1992. \bibitem[UDS88]{UDS88} S.~Ullman, T.~G. Dietterich, and L.~Stauffer. \newblock A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence for Engineering, Design, Analysis and Manufacturing}, {\bf 2}, 1, 35 -- 52, 1988. \bibitem[UR88]{UR88} M.~B. Unger and S.~R. Ray. \newblock Feature-based process planning in the {AMRF}. \newblock In {\em Proc. ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., San Francisco, July/Aug. 1988}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. \bibitem[US88]{US88} K.~T. Ulrich and W.~T. Seering. \newblock Function sharing in mechanical design. \newblock Proc. AAAI 7th National Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, St. Paul, MN, Aug. 1988, 1988. \bibitem[US90]{US90} K.~T. Ulrich and W.~T. Seering. \newblock Function sharing in mechanical design. \newblock {\em Design Studies}, {\bf 11}, 4, 223 -- 234, 1990. \bibitem[V{\etalchar{+}}89]{V+89} K.~R. Vernuri et~al. \newblock Topology-based geometry representation to support geometric reasoning. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. Systems, Man \& Cybernetics}, {\bf 19}, 2, 175 -- 187, 1989. \bibitem[V{\'{a}}n]{Van??} J.~V{\'{a}}ncza. \newblock Features and the principle of locality in process planning. \newblock Preprint, ???? \bibitem[Van90]{Van90} J.~H. Vandenbrande. \newblock {\em Automatic Recognition of Machinable Features in Solid Models}. \newblock PhD thesis, Electrical Engineering Dept., University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 1990. \bibitem[{VDI}87]{VDI87} {VDI}. \newblock {\em {VDI} Systematic Approach to the Design of Technical Systems and Products}. \newblock Beuth Verlag, 1987. \newblock (VDI Guidelines 2221). \bibitem[vE88]{vEr88} A.~H. van't Erve. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Process Planning for Part Manufacturing: An Expert System Approach}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1988. \bibitem[vE89]{vEm89} M.~J. G.~M. van Emmerik. \newblock Graphical interaction on procedural object descriptions. \newblock In W.~Strasser and H.-P. Seidel, editors, {\em Theory and Practice of Geometric Modeling}. Springer-Verlag, 1989. \newblock (Proc. Intl. Conf. in Blaubeuren, Germany, Oct 1988). \bibitem[vE90]{vEm90} M.~J. G.~M. van Emmerik. \newblock {\em Interactive Design of Parameterized 3D Models by Direct Manipulation}. \newblock PhD thesis, Delft University Press, 1990. \bibitem[vEJ89]{vEJ89} M.~J. G.~M. van Emmerik and F.~W. Jansen. \newblock User interface for feature modelling. \newblock In F.~Kimura and A.~Rolstad{\aa}s, editors, {\em Computer Applications in Production and Engineering}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1989. \bibitem[vEK86]{vEK86} A.~H. van't Erve and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock {XPLANE}: A knowledge-base driven process planning expert system. \newblock In J.~A. McGeough, editor, {\em Computer Aided Production Engineering}. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds, England, 1986. \newblock (Proc. International Conf., Edinburgh, April 1986). \bibitem[VGJ90]{VGJ90} T.~V\'{a}rady, B.~Ga\'{a}l, and G.~E.~M. Jared. \newblock Notes on identifying features in solid modelling. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[vH91]{vHo91} F.~J. A.~M. van Houten. \newblock {\em {PART}: A Computer Aided Process Planning System}. \newblock PhD thesis, Laboratory of Production Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1991. \bibitem[vHvEK89]{HEK89} F.~J. A.~M. van Houten, A.~H. van't Erve, and H.~J.~J. Kals. \newblock {PART}: A feature based computer aided process planning system. \newblock In {\em Proc. 21st CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, June 1989, Stockholm, Sweden}, 1989. \bibitem[VK92]{VK92} R.~Vujosevic and A.~Kusiak. \newblock Selection of machinable volumes: an object-oriented approach. \newblock {\em Expert Systems with Applications}, {\bf 4}, 273 -- 283, 1992. \bibitem[Voe93]{Voe93} H.~B. Voelcker. \newblock A current perspective on tolerancing and metrology. \newblock {\em ASME Manufacturing Review}, {\bf 6}, 4, 258 -- 268, 1993. \bibitem[VR90a]{VR90a} J.~H. Vandenbrande and A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Automatic recognition of interacting form features. \newblock Presented at IFIP WG5.2 Workshop on Geometric Modelling, Rensselaerville, N.Y., June 1990, 1990. \newblock (DID THEY PUT IN A PAPER?). \bibitem[VR90b]{VR90b} J.~H. Vandenbrande and A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Spatial reasoning for automatic recognition of interacting form features. \newblock In G.~I. Kinzel et~al., editors, {\em Computers in Engineering}, pages 251 -- 256. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1990. \newblock (Proc. 1990 ASME Computers in Engineering Conf., Boston, MA). \bibitem[vR90c]{vR90} M.~von Rimscha. \newblock Feature modelling and assembly modelling --- a unified approach. \newblock In F.-L. Krause and H.~Jansen, editors, {\em Advanced Geometric Modelling for Engineering Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1990. \newblock (Proc. GI/IFIP International Symposium, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 1989). \bibitem[VR94]{VR94} J.~H. Vandenbrande and A.~A.~G. Requicha. \newblock Geometric computation for the recognition of spatially interacting machining features. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 83 -- 106. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[VS88]{VS88} D.~L. Vickers and K.~A. Swanson. \newblock A form features-centred architecture for product definition exchange. \newblock Proc. SME Autofact Conf., Chicago, IL, 30 Oct -- 2 Nov 1988, 1988. \bibitem[VZDS85]{VZDS85} M.~Vaghul, G.~E. Zinsmeister, J.~R. Dixon, and M.~K. Simmons. \newblock Expert systems in a {CAD} environment: Injection molding part design as an example. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1985 Conf. on Computers in Mechanical Engineering, Boston, MA, Aug. 1985}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1985. \bibitem[W{\etalchar{+}}90]{W+90} A.~Westerberg et~al. \newblock Applications of {AI} in design research at {C}arnegie {M}ellon {U}niversity's {EDRC}. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence in Engineering}, {\bf 5}, 2, 110 -- 124, 1990. \bibitem[Wal]{Wal??} K.~Walker. \newblock Solid modelling and feature-based systems in manufacturing. \newblock Preprint, Engineering Computer Services Ltd., Lichfield, England, ???? \bibitem[Wan87]{Wan87} H.~P. Wang. \newblock A knowledge-based computer aided process planning system. \newblock In D.~Sriram and R.~A Adey, editors, {\em Knowledge-based Expert Systems in Engineering Planning and Design}. Computational Mechanics Publications, 1987. \bibitem[Wan91]{Wan91} M.-T. Wang. \newblock An object-oriented feature-based {CAD-CAPP-CAM} integration framework. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation, Vol. 1}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-Vol. 32-1, pp. 109 -- 116). \bibitem[WB91]{WB91} B.~W{\"{o}}rdenweber and W.~Brandenburg. \newblock Feature for lights. \newblock Preprint of paper delivered in Minisymposium on Vehicle Lighting, SIAM Conf. on Computer Aided Geometric Design, Tempe, AZ, Nov. 1991, 1991. \bibitem[WC87]{WC87} H.~P. Wang and H.~Chang. \newblock Automatic classification and coding based on extracted surface features in a {CAD} database. \newblock {\em Int. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, {\bf 2}, 1, 25 -- 35, 1987. \bibitem[WC91]{WC91} J.~D. Wolter and P.~Chandrasekharan. \newblock Knowledge representation for functional design of mechanical assemblies. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Design \& Manufacturing Conf., Austin, TX, Jan 1991}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1991. \bibitem[WD90]{WD90} R.~V. Welch and J.~R. Dixon. \newblock Configuration design by iterative redesign: {S}heet metal bracket design as an example. \newblock {\em J. of Engineering Design}, {\bf 1}, 3, 221 -- 237, 1990. \bibitem[Wie91]{Wie91} L.~S. Wierda. \newblock Linking design, process planning and cost information by feature-based modelling. \newblock {\em J. Engineering Design}, {\bf 2}, 1, 3 -- 19, 1991. \bibitem[Wil88]{Wil88} P.~R. Wilson. \newblock Multiple representations of solid models. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, H.~W. McLaughlin, and J.~Encarna\c{c}ao, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for CAD Applications}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, May 1986). \bibitem[Win91]{Win91} L.~Wing{\aa}rd. \newblock Introducing form features in product models: A step towards {CADCAM} with engineering terminology. \newblock Licentiate thesis, Dept. of Manufacturing Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 1991. \bibitem[WK93]{WK93} D.~L. Waco and Y.~S. Kim. \newblock Geometric reasoning for machining features using convex decomposition. \newblock In J.~Rossignac, J.~U. Turner, and G.~Allen, editors, {\em Second Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications}. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 1993. \newblock (Proc. ACM Symposium, Montreal, Canada, May 1993). \bibitem[WL87]{WL87} H.~P. Wang and A.~L. Liu. \newblock Automated generation of {NC} part programs for turned parts based on {2D} drawing files. \newblock {\em Int. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, {\bf 2}, 3, 23 -- 35, 1987. \bibitem[WL90]{WL90} R.~G. Wilhelm and S.~C. Lu. \newblock Tolerance primitives for composition and synthesis. \newblock Proc. 18th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., University Park, PA, May 1990, 1990. \bibitem[WO90]{WO90} N.~Wang and T.~M. Ozsoy. \newblock Representation of assemblies for automatic tolerance chain generation. \newblock {\em Engineering with Computers}, {\bf 6}, 121 -- 126, 1990. \bibitem[WO91]{WO91} N.~Wang and T.~M. Ozsoy. \newblock A scheme to represent features, dimensions and tolerances in geometric modeling. \newblock {\em J. Manufacturing System}, {\bf 10}, 3, 233 -- 240, 1991. \bibitem[Wol89]{Wol89} J.~D. Wolter. \newblock On the automatic generation of assembly plans. \newblock Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics \& Automation, Scottsdale, AZ, 14 -- 19 May 1989, 1989. \bibitem[Woo75]{Woo75} T.~C. Woo. \newblock {\em Computer Understanding of Designs}. \newblock PhD thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1975. \bibitem[Woo77]{Woo77} T.~C. Woo. \newblock Computer aided recognition of volumetric designs. \newblock In D.~McPherson, editor, {\em Advances in Computer-Aided Manufacturing}. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1977. \newblock (Proc. PROLAMAT 76 Conf., Stirling, Scotland, June 1976). \bibitem[Woo82]{Woo82} T.~C. Woo. \newblock Feature extraction by volume decomposition. \newblock In {\em CAD/CAM Technology in Mechanical Engineering}. MIT Press, 1982. \newblock (Proc. Conf. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 1982). \bibitem[Woo84]{Woo84} T.~C. Woo. \newblock Interfacing solid modeling to {CAD} and {CAM}: {D}ata structures and algorithms for decomposing a solid. \newblock {\em Computer}, (DEC 1984 ?????), 44 -- 49, 1984. \bibitem[Woo88a]{Woo88b} J.~R. Woodwark. \newblock Shape models in computer integrated manufacture --- {A} review. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 5}, 3, 103 -- 113, 1988. \bibitem[Woo88b]{Woo88a} J.~R. Woodwark. \newblock Some speculations on feature recognition. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Design}, {\bf 20}, 4, 189 -- 196, 1988. \bibitem[WP88]{WP88} P.~R. Wilson and M.~J. Pratt. \newblock A taxonomy of features for solid modeling. \newblock In M.~J. Wozny, H.~W. McLaughlin, and J.~Encarna\c{c}ao, editors, {\em Geometric Modeling for CAD Applications}, pages 125 -- 136. North-Holland Publishing Co., 1988. \newblock (Proc. IFIP WG5.2 Working Conf., Rensselaerville, NY, May 1986). \bibitem[WPP94]{WPP94} M.~J. Wozny, M.~J. Pratt, and C.~Poli. \newblock Topics in feature-based design and manufacturing. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 481 -- 510. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[WT89]{WT89} R.-F. Wang and J.~U. Turner. \newblock Recent research in feature-based design. \newblock Technical Report 89020, Rensselaer Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 1989. \bibitem[WTD{\etalchar{+}}91]{W+91} M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, J.~R. Dixon, C.~Poli, and R.~Graves. \newblock A unified representation to support evaluation of designs for manufacturability: Phase {I}. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 SME/NSF Conf. on Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Austin, TX, Jan. 1991}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1991. \newblock (Also Technical Report 90044, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[WTG{\etalchar{+}}92]{W+92} M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, R.~Graves, X.~Dong, J.~R. Dixon, C.~Poli, D.~W. Rosen, and A.~Mahajan, P. V.and~Fathailall. \newblock A unified representation to support evaluation of designs for manufacturability: {P}hase {II}. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1992 SME/NSF Conf. on Engineering Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 1992}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1992. \newblock (Also Technical Report 91027, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[WTG{\etalchar{+}}93]{W+93} M.~J. Wozny, J.~U. Turner, R.~Graves, X.~Dong, R.~Sodhi, J.~R. Dixon, C.~Poli, D.~W. Rosen, P.~V. Mahajan, and A.~Fathailall. \newblock A unified representation to support evaluation of designs for manufacturability: {P}hase {III}. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1993 SME/NSF Conf. on Engineering Design \& Manufacturing Systems, Charlotte, NC, Jan. 1993}. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1993. \newblock (Also Technical Report 92035, Design Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY). \bibitem[WW91]{WW91} J.~Wang and W.~R. Wilson. \newblock A frame-based representation for the design of sheet metal parts. \newblock Proc. 19th SME North American Manufacturing Research Conf., Rolla, MO, May 1991, 1991. \bibitem[YF79]{YF79} K.~C. You and K.~S. Fu. \newblock A syntactic approach to shape recognition using attributed grammars. \newblock {\em IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics}, {\bf SMC9}, 6, 334 -- 345, 1979. \bibitem[YFK84]{YFK84} H.~Yoshimura, K.~Fujimura, and T.~Kunii. \newblock Top-down construction of {3D} mechanical object shapes from engineering drawings. \newblock {\em Computer}, ????, 32 -- 39, 1984. \bibitem[YHD94]{YHD94} D.~Yip-Hoi and D.~Dutta. \newblock An introduction to parallel machine tools and related {CAPP} issues. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 261 -- 285. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[Yin88]{Yin88} M.~A. Yinger. \newblock Fundamental concepts of product definition analysis. \newblock Proc. Conf. on Managing Engineering Data: Engineering Issues, San Francisco, Aug 1988, 1988. \bibitem[YJW91]{YJW91} N.~J. Yannoulakis, S.~B. Joshi, and R.~A. Wysk. \newblock A manufacturability evaluation system. \newblock In {\em Proc. 1991 Design Theory \& Methodology Conf.} American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-31, pp. 217 -- 226). \bibitem[YM94]{YM94} Y.~Yue and J.~L. Murray. \newblock Validation, workpiece selection and clamping of complex 2.5{D} components. \newblock In J.~J. Shah, M.~M{\"{a}}ntyl{\"{a}}, and D.~S. Nau, editors, {\em Advances in Feature Based Manufacturing}, pages 185 -- 213. Elsevier Science B.V., 1994. \bibitem[You91]{You91} D.~You. \newblock Merging functional form features into {GT} codes to enhance {CAD/CAM} integration. \newblock {\em Computer Aided Drafting, Design \& Manufacturing}, {\bf 1}, 1, 73 -- 82, 1991. \bibitem[YT91]{YT91} M.~Yoshimura and A.~Takeuchi. \newblock Integrated optimization in computer aided design and manufacturing of machine products based on shape descriptions of contact surfaces. \newblock In {\em Advances in Design Automation}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (ASME Publication DE-32, Vol. 2, pp. 353 -- 360). \bibitem[ZFTF91]{ZFTF91} M.~K. Zamanian, S.~J. Fenves, C.~R. Thewalt, and S.~Finger. \newblock A feature-based approach to structural design. \newblock {\em Engineering with Computers}, {\bf 7}, 1, 1 -- 9, 1991. \bibitem[ZLS90]{ZLS90} E.~Zussman, E.~Lenz, and M.~Shpitalni. \newblock An approach to the automatic assembly planning problem. \newblock {\em Ann. CIRP}, {\bf 39}, 1, 33 -- 36, 1990. \bibitem[ZSL91]{ZSL91} E.~Zussman, M.~Shoham, and E.~Lenz. \newblock A kinematic approach to automatic assembly planning analysis. \newblock In A.~Bagchi and J.~J. Beaman, editors, {\em Intelligent Design and Manufacturing for Prototyping}. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, 1991. \newblock (Proc. 1991 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1991; Publication PED-Vol. 50). \bibitem[ZWD89]{ZWD89} K.~F. Zhang, A.~J. Wright, and B.~J. Davies. \newblock A feature recognition knowledge base for process planning of rotational mechanical components. \newblock {\em Int. J. Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, {\bf 4}, 1, 13 -- 25, 1989. \end{thebibliography}